treatments-xml/data/03/94/87/0394879EC70CBE2903D6BEE7FEC3D832.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

338 lines
41 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="E0505E80E7CB554EAE4B56DD0D6F63DF" ID-DOI="10.4202/app.00311.2016" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10980766" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1713283622023" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kovalchuk, Oleksandr M., Wilson, Mark V. H. &amp; Grande, Terry" docDate="2017" docId="0394879EC70CBE2903D6BEE7FEC3D832" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.62.1.121-135.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00311.2016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E.4:ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Esox sibiricus Sytchevskaya 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="FFADFFE6C708BE2C0341BA19FF93DE25" masterDocTitle="A review of Neogene and Quaternary pikes of southeastern Europe and a new species from the early Pleistocene of Nogaisk, Ukraine" masterLastPageNumber="135" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1713980639862" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="1020E28D6D7BEB6A70924AE96DC6BAE9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="701D2B0255F1B1889BD3B7D84D03E3D6">
<mods:title id="5C361F2BB4CD5B3C7CE364E49E169045">A review of Neogene and Quaternary pikes of southeastern Europe and a new species from the early Pleistocene of Nogaisk, Ukraine</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D767A3F79DAEBF7FC795C919B9EC7847" type="personal">
<mods:role id="82FCAB6DF4BE9F948A540B7440E0B6BA">
<mods:roleTerm id="523A814129F18AEB02A96A791F3E534E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7CAA026A90BAA5927AD829538ED9EA0B">Kovalchuk, Oleksandr M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0701D2754ADFD85965BC3BEC471616E0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AAA9F5269264B91472FBE22F68AC1DDD">
<mods:roleTerm id="7AD940339D679FD57AADABF270C3DF93">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F7A27378C3C294E9AD738E9DBED48B65">Wilson, Mark V. H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DE1DBB1B77011B35876B5968F47EBDE9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3A1E3EE1C9B7DFE6E3B6E2119284F913">
<mods:roleTerm id="5D16C2DC20243D690396A00B94B08CC9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2B1CB2536D83F69A378E3908432F6CFA">Grande, Terry</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F1B6395FCF1D67367D2329572D098B6A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="7EE2DBDFCF5F15E4B02D4153C9C2056B" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="CC346D7C82BA9E6D04ED01C211690C65">
<mods:title id="899FE21166248FFAD05E6FCE5DE6F051">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="69E9671E47CB7DC048348965E13F6141">
<mods:date id="ECC25DAEDA39744EF67BDA7A18100A2D">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5611916C8646D67EC91947CE53C9EDF2" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="594C1536650FEC901D1C0C38F0907C19">2017-01-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9B07CD89572F9C46205BFDA3860D38FF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="565E2AF0DD2435CE9971408E7972ACF5">62</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F48D0DE69C90FE2B23BB1700BD83263F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="70FBDE27F0D32F471A5F764D626B5CA1">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="E59604FF82489E716011341CD57638A4" unit="page">
<mods:start id="41C9663E70E1683291D56EF2A2142CCA">121</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1218E905F0FF3DFCD5DB5854E3361FBA">135</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="3025983A99973A9B950AAA642EE257BD">
<mods:url id="7ECF3CE76DF2127F19DEB260B5AD747D">http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00311.2016</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="509FE86B1F3BAB2ADCB9CEE3E85C68DF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="388F3F6563D5C6A6C0A82D3CC1D54930" type="DOI">10.4202/app.00311.2016</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2C96F4470B0B6F99B873EA3B1307F837" type="ISSN">1732-2421</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="34FA4072EF69A15AE3F3D2E8B17D70B9" type="Zenodo-Dep">10980766</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="528B30DF1394A81E46B61F7F318D01CC" type="ZooBank">720D2E4C-305E-4C3D-B1E2-7BF52461D48B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0394879EC70CBE2903D6BEE7FEC3D832" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0394879EC70CBE2903D6BEE7FEC3D832" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394879EC70CBE2903D6BEE7FEC3D832" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
<subSubSection id="C3276503C70CBE2803D6BEE7FDC7DB3F" box="[151,596,1278,1306]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B823688C70CBE2803D6BEE7FDC7DB3F" blockId="4.[151,596,1278,1306]" box="[151,596,1278,1306]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
<heading id="D0CA81E4C70CBE2803D6BEE7FDC7DB3F" box="[151,596,1278,1306]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70CBE2803D6BEE7FDC7DB3F" authority="Sytchevskaya, 1974" authorityName="Sytchevskaya" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,596,1278,1306]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70CBE2803D6BEE7FED8DB3F" box="[151,331,1278,1306]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Esox sibiricus</emphasis>
Sytchevskaya, 1974
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276503C70CBE2803D6BF32FF46DB65" box="[151,213,1323,1344]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B823688C70CBE2803D6BF32FF46DB65" blockId="4.[151,213,1323,1344]" box="[151,213,1323,1344]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC70CBE2803D6BF32FF42DB65" box="[151,209,1323,1344]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,860,880]" captionTargetBox="[196,1488,164,834]" captionTargetId="figure-438@4.[202,1491,161,836]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox sibiricus Sytchevskaya, 1976 from Southeastern Europe; late Miocene (AJ), Pliocene (K), and Pleistocene (L). A. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 29/1679), Popovo 3, occlusal view. B. Dentary fragment with teeth (NMNHU-P 29/1680), Popovo 3, medial view. C. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 29/3965), Lobkovo, occlusal view. D. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 45/5690), Cherevichne 3, occlusal view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 29/1033), Verkhnya Krynitsya 2, dorsal view. F. Dentary fragment (NMNHU-P 29/1034), Verkhnya Krynitsya 2, lateral view. G. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 41/4324), Egorovka 2, occlusal view. H. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2847), Orekhovka, occlusal view. I. Right articular (NMNHU-P 41/4525), Egorovka 2, lateral view. J. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2741), Vinogradovka 1, occlusal view. K. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 37/2554), Novopetrovka, occlusal view. L. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 29/1583), Popovo 2, occlusal view. C, D, H, I, K, L, anterior to right; A, B, F, G, J, anterior to left; E, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980771/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276503C70CBE2803D6BF4AFCB1DBA3" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B823688C70CBE2803D6BF4AFDF2DB4D" blockId="4.[151,825,1363,1648]" box="[151,609,1363,1384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2D11A6C70CBE2803D6BF4AFDF2DB4D" box="[151,609,1363,1384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
1959
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70CBE28038CBF4AFF6FDB4D" ID-CoL="62RD5" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[205,252,1363,1384]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70CBE28038CBF4AFF6FDB4D" box="[205,252,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Esox</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70CBE28024BBF4AFED0DB4D" ID-CoL="3BHYH" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[266,323,1363,1384]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucius">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70CBE28024BBF4AFED0DB4D" box="[266,323,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">lucius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?);
<treatmentCitation id="0A9C1099C70CBE280223BF4AFD81DB4D" author="Lebedev, V. D." box="[354,530,1363,1384]" page="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B79C70CBE280223BF4AFD81DB4D" author="Lebedev, V. D." box="[354,530,1363,1384]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" pagination="28 - 69" refId="ref11842" refString="Lebedev, V. D. 1959. Neogene fauna of freshwater fishes from Basin in West- Siberian Lowland [in Russian]. Voprosy ihtiologii 1959: 28 - 69." type="journal article" year="1959">Lebedev 1959: 50</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 25.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B823688C70CBE2803D6BF68FCB1DBA3" blockId="4.[151,825,1363,1648]" box="[151,802,1393,1414]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
1971
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70CBE28038CBF68FEB3DBA3" box="[205,288,1393,1414]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70CBE28038CBF68FF6FDBA3" box="[205,252,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Esox</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
; Sytchevskaya and Lebedev 1971: 49, pl. 1, pl. 2: 5b.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3276503C70CBE2903D6BF97FEC3D832" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B823688C70CBE2803D6BF97FE2BDBE5" blockId="4.[151,825,1363,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
1974
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70CBE28038CBF97FEC5DB86" authority="Kovalchuk &amp; Wilson &amp; Grande, 2017" authorityName="Kovalchuk &amp; Wilson &amp; Grande" authorityYear="2017" box="[205,342,1422,1443]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70CBE28038CBF97FEC5DB86" box="[205,342,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Esox sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A57E1C70CBE28021CBF97FE3FDB86" box="[349,428,1422,1443]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; Sytchevskaya 1974: 227, pl. 1: 8, pl. 2: 12, pl. 3: 14, pl. 4: 18.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B823688C70CBE2803D6BFD0FD14DBDE" blockId="4.[151,825,1363,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
1976
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70CBE28038CBFD0FD8DDBFB" authority="Sytchevskaya, 1974" authorityName="Sytchevskaya" authorityYear="1974" box="[205,542,1481,1502]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70CBE28038CBFD0FEC6DBFB" box="[205,341,1481,1502]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Esox sibiricus</emphasis>
Sytchevskaya, 1974
</taxonomicName>
; Sytchevskaya 1976: 107, pl. 6: 69; 108, figs. 111; 109, fig. 8; 110, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B823688C70CBE2803D6BC1AFE2BD810" blockId="4.[151,825,1363,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
1980
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70CBE28038CBC1AFDBDD83D" authority="Sytchevskaya, 1974" authorityName="Sytchevskaya" authorityYear="1974" box="[205,558,1539,1560]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70CBE28038CBC1AFEC9D83D" box="[205,346,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Esox sibiricus</emphasis>
Sytchevskaya, 1974
</taxonomicName>
; Sytchevskaya 1980: 201, 202, pl. 9: 8, pl. 10: 15.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B823688C70CBE2803D6BC27FEABD855" blockId="4.[151,825,1363,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
1989
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70CBE28038CBC27FDB1D876" authority="Sytchevskaya, 1974" authorityName="Sytchevskaya" authorityYear="1974" box="[205,546,1598,1619]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70CBE28038CBC27FEC5D876" box="[205,342,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Esox sibiricus</emphasis>
Sytchevskaya, 1974
</taxonomicName>
; Sytchevskaya 1989: 2223, pl. 1: 311.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B823688C70CBE2803D6BC9DFABDDAB7" blockId="4.[151,824,1668,1960]" lastBlockId="4.[862,1535,1113,1170]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70CBE2803D6BC9DFF6AD8B8" box="[151,249,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Material</emphasis>
.—Late Miocene: one left and two right dentaries (NMNHU-P 29/16781680, Popovo 3); one left dentary (NMNHU-P 29/3965, Lobkovo); one left dentary (NMNH-P 45/5690, Cherevichne 3); one parasphenoid, three dentary fragments (NMNHU-P 29/10331036, Verkhnya Krynitsya 2); one left and three right dentaries, one right articular (NMNHU-P 41/43234326, 4525, Egorovka 2); one left dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2847, Orekhovka); one right dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2741, Vinogradovka 1). Early Pliocene: one left dentary (NMNHU-P 37/2554, Novopetrovka); one left dentary (NMNHU-P 29/1583, Popovo 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B823688C70CBE28001FBEBDFAC4DB58" blockId="4.[862,1536,1188,1405]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70CBE28001FBEBDFBABDA98" box="[862,1080,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
.—
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70CBE28071ABEBDFB6ADA98" authorityName="Sytchevskaya" authorityYear="1974" box="[1115,1273,1188,1213]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70CBE28071ABEBDFB6ADA98" box="[1115,1273,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Esox sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other Eurasian taxa by a number of characters: (i) predominance of double tooth row at symphysis of dentary; (ii) narrow and weak dental shelf; (iii) absence of symphysial notch; (iv) very large articular angle (nearly or more than 70°); (v) clearly visible grooves of carotid arteries on parasphenoid; (vi) short and flat facet of maxillar process on palatine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B823688C70CBE28001FBF97FB1BD862" blockId="4.[862,1535,1422,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70CBE28001FBF97FC72DB82" box="[862,993,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Description</emphasis>
.—The parasphenoid from the Verkhnya Krynitsya 2 locality is presented by caudally extended anterior part (
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC70CBE280027BFD7FC2ADBC2" box="[870,953,1486,1511]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,860,880]" captionTargetBox="[196,1488,164,834]" captionTargetId="figure-438@4.[202,1491,161,836]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox sibiricus Sytchevskaya, 1976 from Southeastern Europe; late Miocene (AJ), Pliocene (K), and Pleistocene (L). A. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 29/1679), Popovo 3, occlusal view. B. Dentary fragment with teeth (NMNHU-P 29/1680), Popovo 3, medial view. C. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 29/3965), Lobkovo, occlusal view. D. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 45/5690), Cherevichne 3, occlusal view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 29/1033), Verkhnya Krynitsya 2, dorsal view. F. Dentary fragment (NMNHU-P 29/1034), Verkhnya Krynitsya 2, lateral view. G. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 41/4324), Egorovka 2, occlusal view. H. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2847), Orekhovka, occlusal view. I. Right articular (NMNHU-P 41/4525), Egorovka 2, lateral view. J. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2741), Vinogradovka 1, occlusal view. K. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 37/2554), Novopetrovka, occlusal view. L. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 29/1583), Popovo 2, occlusal view. C, D, H, I, K, L, anterior to right; A, B, F, G, J, anterior to left; E, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980771/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). The bone is massive; grooves of the carotid arteries are clearly visible. Measurements of the medial part of the parasphenoid are width
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC70CBE280726BC17FB2DD802" box="[1127,1214,1550,1575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="5.9">5.9 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC70CBE280654BC17FAFFD802" box="[1301,1388,1550,1575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
, width of anterior medial crest
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC70CBE28076CBC37FB17D862" box="[1069,1156,1582,1607]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B823688C70CBE2900C5BC57FDF5DCFA" blockId="4.[862,1535,1422,1959]" lastBlockId="5.[98,771,613,959]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
The dentary, which is not deep, has a moderately developed dental shelf, which smoothly rises into the medial wall (
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC70CBE280027BC97FBCBD882" box="[870,1112,1678,1703]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,860,880]" captionTargetBox="[196,1488,164,834]" captionTargetId="figure-438@4.[202,1491,161,836]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox sibiricus Sytchevskaya, 1976 from Southeastern Europe; late Miocene (AJ), Pliocene (K), and Pleistocene (L). A. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 29/1679), Popovo 3, occlusal view. B. Dentary fragment with teeth (NMNHU-P 29/1680), Popovo 3, medial view. C. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 29/3965), Lobkovo, occlusal view. D. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 45/5690), Cherevichne 3, occlusal view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 29/1033), Verkhnya Krynitsya 2, dorsal view. F. Dentary fragment (NMNHU-P 29/1034), Verkhnya Krynitsya 2, lateral view. G. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 41/4324), Egorovka 2, occlusal view. H. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2847), Orekhovka, occlusal view. I. Right articular (NMNHU-P 41/4525), Egorovka 2, lateral view. J. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2741), Vinogradovka 1, occlusal view. K. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 37/2554), Novopetrovka, occlusal view. L. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 29/1583), Popovo 2, occlusal view. C, D, H, I, K, L, anterior to right; A, B, F, G, J, anterior to left; E, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980771/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 2AD, FH, JL</figureCitation>
). Teeth at the symphysis are arranged in two rows, and internal one being better developed. Teeth are completely broken in the fossils, but C-shaped crown bases are visible. There is a gradual increase in their diameter in the direction towards the symphysis. A clear lateral groove separates the anterior edge of the dentary and forms a ventral bulge in the symphysis. The anterior edge of the dentary is straight and thickened at the symphysis. Pores for the sensory canal (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC4B79C70CBE280744BD97FB07D982" author="Nelson, G. J." box="[1029,1172,1934,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref12228" refString="Nelson, G. J. 1972. Cephalic sensory canals, pitlines, and the classification of esocoid fishes, with notes on galaxiids and other teleosts. American Museum Novitates 2492: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1972">Nelson 1972</bibRefCitation>
) are clearly visible at the ventral edge. Two small hook-shaped teeth with rounded crowns are preserved on one dentary from Popovo 3. Measurements of dentaries of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70DBE2903AEB8BCFE1CDC9B" authorityName="Sytchevskaya" authorityYear="1974" box="[239,399,677,702]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70DBE2903AEB8BCFE1CDC9B" box="[239,399,677,702]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Esox sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from late Miocene and Pliocene strata of
<collectingCountry id="F32A7618C70DBE290384B8DFFEB1DCFA" box="[197,290,710,735]" name="Ukraine" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
are presented in the
<tableCitation id="C6BF0333C70DBE29014CB8DFFDF1DCFA" box="[525,610,710,735]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[98,151,160,181]" captionTargetId="graphics-594@5.[98,1165,198,576]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of dentaries of Esox sibiricus Sytchevskaya, 1974. N, number of specimens." pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF426600C70DBE290323BAB9FBE5DE90" box="[98,1142,160,181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" startId="5.[98,151,160,181]" targetBox="[105,1131,207,573]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8B823688C70DBE290323BAB9FBE5DE90" blockId="5.[98,1142,160,181]" box="[98,1142,160,181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of dentaries of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70DBE29016ABAB9FCE8DE90" authority="Sytchevskaya, 1974" authorityName="Sytchevskaya" authorityYear="1974" box="[555,891,160,181]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70DBE29016ABAB9FD20DE90" box="[555,691,160,181]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Esox sibiricus</emphasis>
Sytchevskaya, 1974
</taxonomicName>
. N, number of specimens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B823688C70DBE2903F3BAF4FBC8DC18" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<table id="F93DC428C70D41D30328BAD6FBF8DC18" box="[105,1131,207,573]" gridcols="8" gridrows="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<tr id="350D34CAC70D41D30328BAD6FBF8DF27" box="[105,1131,207,258]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30328BAD6FEAFDF27" box="[105,316,207,258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Locality</th>
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30238BAD6FE19DF27" box="[377,394,207,258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">N</th>
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30289BAD6FDE8DF27" box="[456,635,207,258]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Height of dentary symphysis</th>
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D301F1BAD6FCE9DF27" box="[688,890,207,258]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Width of the dentary near the symphysis</th>
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D300EDBAD6FBF8DF27" box="[940,1131,207,258]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Width of tooth row</th>
</tr>
<tr id="350D34CAC70D41D30328BB12FBF8DF05" box="[105,1131,267,288]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30289BB12FD82DF05" box="[456,529,267,288]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">range</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30106BB12FDE8DF05" box="[583,635,267,288]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">mean</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D301F1BB12FD6ADF05" box="[688,761,267,288]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">range</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30077BB12FCE9DF05" box="[822,890,267,288]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">mean</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D300EDBB12FC67DF05" box="[940,1012,267,288]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">range</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30773BB12FBF8DF05" box="[1074,1131,267,288]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">mean</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D34CAC70D41D30328BB33FBF8DF1A" box="[105,1131,298,319]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30328BB33FEAFDF1A" box="[105,316,298,319]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Popovo 2</th>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30238BB33FE19DF1A" box="[377,394,298,319]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30289BB33FD82DF1A" box="[456,529,298,319]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30106BB33FDE8DF1A" box="[583,635,298,319]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">3.6</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D301F1BB33FD6ADF1A" box="[688,761,298,319]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30077BB33FCE9DF1A" box="[822,890,298,319]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">2.3</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D300EDBB33FC67DF1A" box="[940,1012,298,319]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30773BB33FBF8DF1A" box="[1074,1131,298,319]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D34CAC70D41D30328BB53FBF8DF7A" box="[105,1131,330,351]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30328BB53FEAFDF7A" box="[105,316,330,351]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Novopetrovka</th>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30238BB53FE19DF7A" box="[377,394,330,351]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30289BB53FD82DF7A" box="[456,529,330,351]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30106BB53FDE8DF7A" box="[583,635,330,351]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">6.7</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D301F1BB53FD6ADF7A" box="[688,761,330,351]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30077BB53FCE9DF7A" box="[822,890,330,351]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">5.0</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D300EDBB53FC67DF7A" box="[940,1012,330,351]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30773BB53FBF8DF7A" box="[1074,1131,330,351]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D34CAC70D41D30328BB73FBF8DF5A" box="[105,1131,362,383]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30328BB73FEAFDF5A" box="[105,316,362,383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Vinogradovka 1</th>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30238BB73FE19DF5A" box="[377,394,362,383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30289BB73FD82DF5A" box="[456,529,362,383]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30106BB73FDE8DF5A" box="[583,635,362,383]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">4.8</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D301F1BB73FD6ADF5A" box="[688,761,362,383]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30077BB73FCE9DF5A" box="[822,890,362,383]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">4.5</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D300EDBB73FC67DF5A" box="[940,1012,362,383]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30773BB73FBF8DF5A" box="[1074,1131,362,383]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D34CAC70D41D30328BB93FBF8DFBA" box="[105,1131,394,415]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30328BB93FEAFDFBA" box="[105,316,394,415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Orekhovka</th>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30238BB93FE19DFBA" box="[377,394,394,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30289BB93FD82DFBA" box="[456,529,394,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30106BB93FDE8DFBA" box="[583,635,394,415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">4.5</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D301F1BB93FD6ADFBA" box="[688,761,394,415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30077BB93FCE9DFBA" box="[822,890,394,415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">3.0</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D300EDBB93FC67DFBA" box="[940,1012,394,415]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30773BB93FBF8DFBA" box="[1074,1131,394,415]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D34CAC70D41D30328BBB0FBF8DF9B" box="[105,1131,425,446]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30328BBB0FEAFDF9B" box="[105,316,425,446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Egorovka 2</th>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30238BBB0FE19DF9B" box="[377,394,425,446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">4</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30289BBB0FD82DF9B" box="[456,529,425,446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">3.15.1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30106BBB0FDE8DF9B" box="[583,635,425,446]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">4.1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D301F1BBB0FD6ADF9B" box="[688,761,425,446]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">2.23.2</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30077BBB0FCE9DF9B" box="[822,890,425,446]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">3.0</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D300EDBBB0FC67DF9B" box="[940,1012,425,446]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.11.8</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30773BBB0FBF8DF9B" box="[1074,1131,425,446]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D34CAC70D41D30328BBD0FBF8DFFB" box="[105,1131,457,478]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30328BBD0FEAFDFFB" box="[105,316,457,478]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Verkhnya Krynitsya 2</th>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30238BBD0FE19DFFB" box="[377,394,457,478]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">3</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30289BBD0FD82DFFB" box="[456,529,457,478]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">3.44.6</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30106BBD0FDE8DFFB" box="[583,635,457,478]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">4.0</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D301F1BBD0FD6ADFFB" box="[688,761,457,478]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">2.53.6</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30077BBD0FCE9DFFB" box="[822,890,457,478]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">3.1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D300EDBBD0FC67DFFB" box="[940,1012,457,478]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.21.7</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30773BBD0FBF8DFFB" box="[1074,1131,457,478]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D34CAC70D41D30328BBF0FBF8DFDB" box="[105,1131,489,510]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30328BBF0FEAFDFDB" box="[105,316,489,510]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Cherevichne 3</th>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30238BBF0FE19DFDB" box="[377,394,489,510]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30289BBF0FD82DFDB" box="[456,529,489,510]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30106BBF0FDE8DFDB" box="[583,635,489,510]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.9</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D301F1BBF0FD6ADFDB" box="[688,761,489,510]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30077BBF0FCE9DFDB" box="[822,890,489,510]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.4</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D300EDBBF0FC67DFDB" box="[940,1012,489,510]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30773BBF0FBF8DFDB" box="[1074,1131,489,510]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D34CAC70D41D30328B810FBF8DC3B" box="[105,1131,521,542]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30328B810FEAFDC3B" box="[105,316,521,542]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Lobkovo</th>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30238B810FE19DC3B" box="[377,394,521,542]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30289B810FD82DC3B" box="[456,529,521,542]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30106B810FDE8DC3B" box="[583,635,521,542]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">3.8</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D301F1B810FD6ADC3B" box="[688,761,521,542]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30077B810FCE9DC3B" box="[822,890,521,542]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">3.1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D300EDB810FC67DC3B" box="[940,1012,521,542]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="126"></td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30773B810FBF8DC3B" box="[1074,1131,521,542]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="350D34CAC70D41D30328B831FBF8DC18" box="[105,1131,552,573]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<th id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30328B831FEAFDC18" box="[105,316,552,573]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Popovo 3</th>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30238B831FE19DC18" box="[377,394,552,573]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">3</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30289B831FD82DC18" box="[456,529,552,573]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">2.45.7</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30106B831FDE8DC18" box="[583,635,552,573]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">4.1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D301F1B831FD6ADC18" box="[688,761,552,573]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">2.54.5</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30077B831FCE9DC18" box="[822,890,552,573]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">3.1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D300EDB831FC67DC18" box="[940,1012,552,573]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.02.1</td>
<td id="76DC5DB6C70D41D30773B831FBF8DC18" box="[1074,1131,552,573]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">1.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B823688C70DBE2903C6B8FFFF46DD9A" blockId="5.[98,771,613,959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
The articular bone is massive (
<figureCitation id="13062A0DC70DBE2902A4B8FFFDA1DCDA" box="[485,562,742,767]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,860,880]" captionTargetBox="[196,1488,164,834]" captionTargetId="figure-438@4.[202,1491,161,836]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox sibiricus Sytchevskaya, 1976 from Southeastern Europe; late Miocene (AJ), Pliocene (K), and Pleistocene (L). A. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 29/1679), Popovo 3, occlusal view. B. Dentary fragment with teeth (NMNHU-P 29/1680), Popovo 3, medial view. C. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 29/3965), Lobkovo, occlusal view. D. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 45/5690), Cherevichne 3, occlusal view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 29/1033), Verkhnya Krynitsya 2, dorsal view. F. Dentary fragment (NMNHU-P 29/1034), Verkhnya Krynitsya 2, lateral view. G. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 41/4324), Egorovka 2, occlusal view. H. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2847), Orekhovka, occlusal view. I. Right articular (NMNHU-P 41/4525), Egorovka 2, lateral view. J. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2741), Vinogradovka 1, occlusal view. K. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 37/2554), Novopetrovka, occlusal view. L. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 29/1583), Popovo 2, occlusal view. C, D, H, I, K, L, anterior to right; A, B, F, G, J, anterior to left; E, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980771/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
), with a high wall anguloarticular angle is 67°). The posterior process of the bone is elongated, laterally compressed and has a narrow ventral keel. The articular facet is wide (
<geoCoordinate id="EE09504FC70DBE2902BEB95FFDD7DD7A" box="[511,580,838,863]" degrees="4.5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" precision="5555" value="-4.5">
W
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC70DBE290163B95FFDE8DD7A" box="[546,635,838,863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
</geoCoordinate>
; L
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC70DBE2901E1B95FFD65DD7A" box="[672,758,838,863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" unit="mm" value="6.1">6.1 mm</quantity>
), with a thick raised edge. The anteroventral angle is smooth. The height of the bone at the front edge of the articular facet is
<quantity id="4CC59B6DC70DBE29033BB9BFFF43DD9A" box="[122,208,934,959]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B823688C70DBE290323B9C8FD55DB89" blockId="5.[98,772,977,1452]" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70DBE290323B9C8FF50DDCF" box="[98,195,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Remarks</emphasis>
.—The described remains from the late Miocene and Pliocene localities of southeastern Europe correspond closely in morphology to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70DBE2902D5BE08FDA7DA0F" authorityName="Sytchevskaya" authorityYear="1974" box="[404,564,1041,1066]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70DBE2902D5BE08FDA7DA0F" box="[404,564,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Esox sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32A7618C70DBE29013CBE08FC91DA0F" box="[637,770,1041,1066]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
Sytchevskaya 1976) and
<collectingCountry id="F32A7618C70DBE2902D5BE28FD93DA6F" box="[404,512,1073,1098]" name="Mongolia" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
(Sytchevskaya 1989). This species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70DBE2902C7BE4BFDBEDA4E" baseAuthorityName="Sytchevskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[390,557,1106,1131]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reichertii">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70DBE2902C7BE4BFDBEDA4E" box="[390,557,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Esox reichertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the structure of the anterior median crest of the parasphenoid. As compared to that in
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70DBE290388BE8BFEF8DA8E" box="[201,363,1170,1195]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aralensis">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70DBE290388BE8BFEF8DA8E" box="[201,363,1170,1195]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Esox aralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the dentary of the described species has a smaller dental shelf, a two-row dentition, and lacks a symphysial notch (Sytchevskaya 1976). The limited variety of skeletal elements of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70DBE290222BEEBFD92DB2E" authorityName="Sytchevskaya" authorityYear="1974" box="[355,513,1266,1291]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70DBE290222BEEBFD92DB2E" box="[355,513,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Esox sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the described localities (i.e., dentary, parasphenoid and articular bone only) does not allow comparison with some other extinct species. The presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D4D0BC70DBE290258BF4BFE24DB4E" authorityName="Sytchevskaya" authorityYear="1974" box="[281,439,1362,1387]" family="Esocidae" genus="Esox" kingdom="Animalia" order="Esociformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70DBE290258BF4BFE24DB4E" box="[281,439,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Esox sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the early Pleistocene strata of Popovo 2 could have been caused by the redeposition of these remains from an older layer (probably Popovo 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B823688C70DBE290323BFA4FEC3D832" blockId="5.[98,772,1469,1559]" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B949EA9AC70DBE290323BFA4FE6CDBF3" box="[98,511,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Stratigraphic and geographic range</emphasis>
.—Early Miocenelate Pliocene of Western Siberia; late Mioceneearly Pliocene of southeastern Europe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>