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<document id="9A20BD969CF2B58FDDA87A33AB7A260C" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.237" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13139113" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722384854206" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kim, Bongho &amp; Park, Jong Seong Khim and Jinsoon" docDate="2021" docId="03942876E105FFBA0641586CFE14FC73" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.10.3.237-246.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 10 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Diploneis aestuarii Hustedt 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="243" masterDocId="FFAD500EE101FFBC05065969FF98FFD1" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution of two small negligible diatoms of Plagiogrammopsis minima and Diploneis aestuarii from Northeast Asian tidal flats" masterLastPageNumber="245" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="241" updateTime="1722385239911" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E527CA5C89085C345843C2F5BB2AD233">Taxonomy and distribution of two small negligible diatoms of Plagiogrammopsis minima and Diploneis aestuarii from Northeast Asian tidal flats</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="53D70F7B81522BA19B2B84A6E2D3B872">Kim, Bongho</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1B294FACDED6D0970595C0EDD3DEB588">Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7A619849FF9334F16D027A6CF1D53200">Park, Jong Seong Khim and Jinsoon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="A5E0094643C535D405DA68710E91BDD7">2021</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C327CAEBE105FFB80641586CFB1FFEAF" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B829960E105FFB80641586CFAAEFECC" blockId="4.[839,1334,261,285]" box="[839,1334,261,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<heading id="D0CA2E0CE105FFB80641586CFAAEFECC" bold="true" box="[839,1334,261,285]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB80641586CFAAEFECC" bold="true" box="[839,1334,261,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<taxonomicName id="4C3DE2E3E105FFB80641586CFB23FECC" authority="Hustedt, 1939" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1939" box="[839,1211,261,285]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aestuarii">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB80641586CFB8FFECC" bold="true" box="[839,1047,261,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Diploneis aestuarii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E105FFB80118586CFB23FECC" author="Hustedt, F." box="[1054,1211,261,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="571 - 677" refId="ref4477" refString="Hustedt, F. 1939. Die Diaiomeenflora des Kustengebietes der Nordsee vom Dollart bis zur Elbemundung. I. Die Diato- meenflora in den Sedimenten der unteren Ems sowie auf den Watten in der Leybucht, des Memmert und bei der Insel Juist. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 31 (2 / 3): 571 - 677." type="journal article" year="1939">Hustedt, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130685E5E105FFB801C1586CFA8BFECC" box="[1223,1299,261,285]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[275,308,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[252,1366,1343,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-623@4.[252,1366,1343,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Light microscope (LM) photographs of Diploneis aestuarii: A-N. Size range in valve view. Scale bar=10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139123/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130685E5E105FFB80026586CFAB6FECC" box="[1312,1326,261,285]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[144,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-88@5.[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of Diploneis aestuarii: A. External view of the whole valve; B. Arrow indicates central nodule with four areolae. Large Arrowhead indicates central raphe endings which are bent to the opposite direction; C, D. Large ar- rowhead indicates C-shaped foramen areolae.Arrows indicate terminal raphe endings which are bent to the same direction; E. Internal view of the whole valve; F. Arrow notes central raphe endings; G, H. Large arrowhead indicates rounded perforations of cribrum. Arrows indi- cate internal terminal fissures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139125/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">5</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B829960E105FFB80641582CFB1FFEAF" blockId="4.[839,1444,325,1285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB80641582CFC58FE8C" bold="true" box="[839,960,325,349]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Reference.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E105FFB806C0582CFBC3FE8F" author="Hustedt, F." box="[966,1115,325,350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="571 - 677" refId="ref4477" refString="Hustedt, F. 1939. Die Diaiomeenflora des Kustengebietes der Nordsee vom Dollart bis zur Elbemundung. I. Die Diato- meenflora in den Sedimenten der unteren Ems sowie auf den Watten in der Leybucht, des Memmert und bei der Insel Juist. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 31 (2 / 3): 571 - 677." type="journal article" year="1939">Hustedt, 1939</bibRefCitation>
, p. 612, figs. 41, 42; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E105FFB80030582CFCE6FEAF" author="Simonsen, R." pageId="4" pageNumber="241" refId="ref5682" refString="Simonsen, R. 1987. Atlas and catalogue of diatom types of Friedrich Hustedt. vol. 1. Catalogue: 254." type="book" year="1987">Simonsen, 1987</bibRefCitation>
, p. 254, figs. 376: 21-26.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B829960E105FFB8064158EFFB79FB95" blockId="4.[839,1444,325,1285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB8064158EFFBABFE4F" bold="true" box="[839,1075,390,414]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
The members of the genus 
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<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB8005958EFFCEAFE6F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Diploneis</emphasis>
Ehrenberg ex Cleve
</taxonomicName>
are mostly marine or brackish species, with only a small number being freshwater species. Valve faces of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C3DE2E3E105FFB8013C588EFB68FE2E" box="[1082,1264,487,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB8013C588EFB07FE2E" box="[1082,1183,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Diploneis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are to be divided into two parts, firstly longitudinal canal and also the mar- ginal part (
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E105FFB806B35B4EFB29FDEE" author="Jovanovska, E. &amp; Z. Levkov &amp; M. B. Edlund" box="[949,1201,551,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="201 - 248" refId="ref4584" refString="Jovanovska, E., Z. Levkov and M. B. Edlund. 2015. The genus Diploneis ehrenberg ex cleve (Bacillariophyta) from lake Hovsgol, Mongolia. Phytotaxa 217 (3): 201 - 248." type="journal article" year="2015">
Jovanovska 
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB801315B41FBF4FDEE" box="[1079,1132,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). The size of our specimens is slightly larger compared to the description of 
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<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB806415B01FB89FD51" box="[839,1041,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Diploneis aestuarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E105FFB801305B01FB4AFD51" author="Hustedt, F." box="[1078,1234,616,640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="571 - 677" refId="ref4477" refString="Hustedt, F. 1939. Die Diaiomeenflora des Kustengebietes der Nordsee vom Dollart bis zur Elbemundung. I. Die Diato- meenflora in den Sedimenten der unteren Ems sowie auf den Watten in der Leybucht, des Memmert und bei der Insel Juist. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 31 (2 / 3): 571 - 677." type="journal article" year="1939">Hustedt (1939)</bibRefCitation>
where the frustules were 15-20 μm in length and 6-7 μm in width. The density of striae, shape of frustules, square central nodule, and narrowly linear longitudinal canal are well matched with the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3DE2E3E105FFB801945B83FA97FCD0" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1939" box="[1170,1295,746,769]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aestuarii">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB801945B83FA97FCD0" box="[1170,1295,746,769]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D. aestuarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The majority of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3DE2E3E105FFB806625A60FB84FCF0" box="[868,1052,777,801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB806625A60FC51FCF0" box="[868,969,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Diploneis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F32AD9F0E105FFB801BA5A63FB64FCF0" box="[1212,1276,778,801]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E105FFB800015A60FCE6FC93" author="Noh, J. H. &amp; J. K. Choi" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="63 - 78" refId="ref5036" refString="Noh, J. H. and J. K. Choi. 1992. Taxonomic Studies on the Diatom Genus Diploneis I. Fine Structure on Hustedt's Group VI. The Korean Journal of Phycology 7 (1): 63 - 78." type="journal article" year="1992">Noh and Choi, 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E105FFB8068C5A40FC61FC90" author="Cho, K. J." box="[906,1017,809,833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref4363" refString="Cho, K. J. 2015. Algal Flora of Korea Volume 3, Number 13 Chrysophyta: Bacillariophyceae: Pennales: Raphidineae: Naviculaceae: Anomoeoneis et al. Freshwater Diatoms X: 1 - 31." type="book chapter" year="2015">Cho, 2015</bibRefCitation>
) are much larger in size compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3DE2E3E105FFB8008C5A43FC3EFCB0" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1939" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aestuarii">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB8008C5A43FC3EFCB0" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D. aestuarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and readily distinguishable. The size range of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3DE2E3E105FFB806415A03FB48FC53" authority="Pennesi et Caputo" authorityName="Pennesi et Caputo" authorityYear="2021" box="[839,1232,874,898]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="rimosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB806415A03FB9AFC53" box="[839,1026,874,898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Diploneis rimosa</emphasis>
Pennesi et Caputo
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27AF809E105FFB801DC5A02FAB7FC53" box="[1242,1327,875,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Figs. 98- 107) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E105FFB806855AE3FBC1FC73" author="Pennesi, C. &amp; A. Caputo &amp; C. S. Lobban &amp; M. Poulin &amp; C. Totti" box="[899,1113,906,930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" pagination="195 - 228" refId="ref5462" refString="Pennesi, C., A. Caputo, C. S. Lobban, M. Poulin and C. Totti. 2017. Morphological discoveries in the genus Diploneis (Bacillariophyceae) from the tropical west Pacific, including the description of new taxa. Diatom Research 32 (2): 195 - 228." type="journal article" year="2017">
Pennesi 
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB806D85AE2FB8CFC73" box="[990,1044,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
) is similar to 
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<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB801E95AE2FAF5FC73" box="[1263,1389,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D. aestuarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both in terms of length (12-21 μm) and width (6.3-9.7 μm) with transapical striae of 
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10 μm. However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3DE2E3E105FFB8008C5AA5FC30FBD2" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1939" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aestuarii">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB8008C5AA5FC30FBD2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">D. aestuarii</emphasis>
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has a much longer valve length compared to valve width and characteristic in having a central nodule with four areolae as C-shaped foramen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B829960E105FFB906415D25FE2AF873" blockId="4.[839,1444,325,1285]" lastBlockId="5.[144,749,1866,1987]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB806415D25FB95FBB5" bold="true" box="[839,1037,1100,1124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">LM observation.</emphasis>
Outline of the valves is linear-ellip- tic, slightly constricted in the central shape with bluntly rounded apices, 10-21.3 μm in length, 5.3-7.3 μm in width. Raphe-sternum along with longitudinal canal is narrowly linear. The central nodule is rarely distinct but small and square. Transapical striae are almost parallel in the central region and gradually radiate to both apices. The density of striae is 
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10 μm, and areolae are inconspicuous (
<figureCitation id="130685E5E104FFB904375EE3FE3DF873" box="[305,421,1930,1954]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[275,308,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[252,1366,1343,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-623@4.[252,1366,1343,1948]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Light microscope (LM) photographs of Diploneis aestuarii: A-N. Size range in valve view. Scale bar=10μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139123/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Fig. 4A- N</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B829960E105FFB804155ED5FAD8F800" blockId="4.[275,1344,1980,2002]" box="[275,1344,1980,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB804155ED5FED7F800" bold="true" box="[275,335,1980,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Light microscope (LM) photographs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3DE2E3E105FFB807BA5ED5FCF3F800" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1939" box="[700,875,1980,2001]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aestuarii">
<emphasis id="B9494572E105FFB807BA5ED5FCF3F800" box="[700,875,1980,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Diploneis aestuarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A- N. Size range in valve view. Scale bar = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B829960E104FFB905965FEAFE39F8D5" blockId="5.[144,1414,1667,1796]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B9494572E104FFB905965FEAFF55F949" bold="true" box="[144,205,1667,1689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3DE2E3E104FFB907C75FEAFCE9F949" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1939" box="[705,881,1667,1688]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aestuarii">
<emphasis id="B9494572E104FFB907C75FEAFCE9F949" box="[705,881,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Diploneis aestuarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A. External view of the whole valve; B. Arrow indicates central nodule with four areolae. Large Arrowhead indicates central raphe endings which are bent to the opposite direction; C, D. Large arrowhead indicates C-shaped foramen areolae. Arrows indicate terminal raphe endings which are bent to the same direction; E. Internal view of the whole valve; F. Arrow notes central raphe endings; G, H. Large arrowhead indicates rounded perforations of cribrum. Arrows indicate internal terminal fissures.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B829960E104FFBA05965EC3FDAEFE0F" blockId="5.[144,749,1866,1987]" lastBlockId="6.[174,779,261,930]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B9494572E104FFB905965EC3FEC1F812" bold="true" box="[144,345,1962,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">SEM observation.</emphasis>
External view of the transapical striae is shown under LM but not observed on the valve face (
<figureCitation id="130685E5E104FFB906375E03FC3EF853" box="[817,934,1898,1922]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[144,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-88@5.[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of Diploneis aestuarii: A. External view of the whole valve; B. Arrow indicates central nodule with four areolae. Large Arrowhead indicates central raphe endings which are bent to the opposite direction; C, D. Large ar- rowhead indicates C-shaped foramen areolae.Arrows indicate terminal raphe endings which are bent to the same direction; E. Internal view of the whole valve; F. Arrow notes central raphe endings; G, H. Large arrowhead indicates rounded perforations of cribrum. Arrows indi- cate internal terminal fissures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139125/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Fig. 5A- D</figureCitation>
). Areolae, as C-shaped foramen, were aligned both along the valve margin and raphe sternum (
<figureCitation id="130685E5E104FFB900235EE3FAE1F873" box="[1317,1401,1930,1954]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[144,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-88@5.[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of Diploneis aestuarii: A. External view of the whole valve; B. Arrow indicates central nodule with four areolae. Large Arrowhead indicates central raphe endings which are bent to the opposite direction; C, D. Large ar- rowhead indicates C-shaped foramen areolae.Arrows indicate terminal raphe endings which are bent to the same direction; E. Internal view of the whole valve; F. Arrow notes central raphe endings; G, H. Large arrowhead indicates rounded perforations of cribrum. Arrows indi- cate internal terminal fissures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139125/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Raphe system is very narrow (
<figureCitation id="130685E5E104FFB901765EC2FB5BF813" box="[1136,1219,1962,1987]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[144,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-88@5.[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of Diploneis aestuarii: A. External view of the whole valve; B. Arrow indicates central nodule with four areolae. Large Arrowhead indicates central raphe endings which are bent to the opposite direction; C, D. Large ar- rowhead indicates C-shaped foramen areolae.Arrows indicate terminal raphe endings which are bent to the same direction; E. Internal view of the whole valve; F. Arrow notes central raphe endings; G, H. Large arrowhead indicates rounded perforations of cribrum. Arrows indi- cate internal terminal fissures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139125/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
), and terminal raphe endings were bent to the same direction (
<figureCitation id="130685E5E107FFBA078D586CFD66FECC" box="[651,766,261,285]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[144,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-88@5.[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of Diploneis aestuarii: A. External view of the whole valve; B. Arrow indicates central nodule with four areolae. Large Arrowhead indicates central raphe endings which are bent to the opposite direction; C, D. Large ar- rowhead indicates C-shaped foramen areolae.Arrows indicate terminal raphe endings which are bent to the same direction; E. Internal view of the whole valve; F. Arrow notes central raphe endings; G, H. Large arrowhead indicates rounded perforations of cribrum. Arrows indi- cate internal terminal fissures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139125/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
). Central raphe endings were bent in the opposite direction, and the area around the central nodule was deeply depressed with four areolae (
<figureCitation id="130685E5E107FFBA04BB580FFD8AFEAF" box="[445,530,358,382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[144,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-88@5.[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of Diploneis aestuarii: A. External view of the whole valve; B. Arrow indicates central nodule with four areolae. Large Arrowhead indicates central raphe endings which are bent to the opposite direction; C, D. Large ar- rowhead indicates C-shaped foramen areolae.Arrows indicate terminal raphe endings which are bent to the same direction; E. Internal view of the whole valve; F. Arrow notes central raphe endings; G, H. Large arrowhead indicates rounded perforations of cribrum. Arrows indi- cate internal terminal fissures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139125/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Internally areolae are rounded perforations of cribra (
<figureCitation id="130685E5E107FFBA070058EFFD3AFE4F" box="[518,674,390,414]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[144,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-88@5.[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of Diploneis aestuarii: A. External view of the whole valve; B. Arrow indicates central nodule with four areolae. Large Arrowhead indicates central raphe endings which are bent to the opposite direction; C, D. Large ar- rowhead indicates C-shaped foramen areolae.Arrows indicate terminal raphe endings which are bent to the same direction; E. Internal view of the whole valve; F. Arrow notes central raphe endings; G, H. Large arrowhead indicates rounded perforations of cribrum. Arrows indi- cate internal terminal fissures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139125/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 5E, G, H</figureCitation>
). Internal terminal fissures were bent to the same side (
<figureCitation id="130685E5E107FFBA078858CFFC9BFE6E" box="[654,771,422,447]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[144,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-88@5.[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of Diploneis aestuarii: A. External view of the whole valve; B. Arrow indicates central nodule with four areolae. Large Arrowhead indicates central raphe endings which are bent to the opposite direction; C, D. Large ar- rowhead indicates C-shaped foramen areolae.Arrows indicate terminal raphe endings which are bent to the same direction; E. Internal view of the whole valve; F. Arrow notes central raphe endings; G, H. Large arrowhead indicates rounded perforations of cribrum. Arrows indi- cate internal terminal fissures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139125/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 5G, H</figureCitation>
) as the central raphe endings (
<figureCitation id="130685E5E107FFBA04DC58AEFDB2FE0F" box="[474,554,454,479]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[144,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-88@5.[207,1350,259,1635]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of Diploneis aestuarii: A. External view of the whole valve; B. Arrow indicates central nodule with four areolae. Large Arrowhead indicates central raphe endings which are bent to the opposite direction; C, D. Large ar- rowhead indicates C-shaped foramen areolae.Arrows indicate terminal raphe endings which are bent to the same direction; E. Internal view of the whole valve; F. Arrow notes central raphe endings; G, H. Large arrowhead indicates rounded perforations of cribrum. Arrows indi- cate internal terminal fissures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139125/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327CAEBE107FFBA05A8588EFE14FC73" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B829960E107FFBA05A8588EFE14FC73" blockId="6.[174,779,261,930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="B9494572E107FFBA05A8588EFEA4FE2E" bold="true" box="[174,316,487,511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3DE2E3E107FFBA0443588EFD97FE2F" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1939" box="[325,527,487,511]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aestuarii">
<emphasis id="B9494572E107FFBA0443588EFD97FE2F" box="[325,527,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Diploneis aestuarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first reported from the German coast by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E107FFBA04985B6EFDDCFDCE" author="Hustedt, F." box="[414,580,519,543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" pagination="571 - 677" refId="ref4477" refString="Hustedt, F. 1939. Die Diaiomeenflora des Kustengebietes der Nordsee vom Dollart bis zur Elbemundung. I. Die Diato- meenflora in den Sedimenten der unteren Ems sowie auf den Watten in der Leybucht, des Memmert und bei der Insel Juist. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen 31 (2 / 3): 571 - 677." type="journal article" year="1939">Hustedt (1939)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E107FFBA07575B6EFC92FDCE" author="Simonsen, R." box="[593,778,519,543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" refId="ref5682" refString="Simonsen, R. 1987. Atlas and catalogue of diatom types of Friedrich Hustedt. vol. 1. Catalogue: 254." type="book" year="1987">Simonsen (1987)</bibRefCitation>
observed the species from Rheiderland Shore, Bingum in East Frisia Island, 
<collectingCountry id="F32AD9F0E107FFBA04975B21FE6CFDB1" box="[401,500,584,608]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Germany</collectingCountry>
. The species is also wide- spread along the European coasts of Atlantic Ocean and western Baltic Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E107FFBA048F5BE1FD16FD71" author="Witkowski, A. &amp; D. Metzeltin" box="[393,654,648,672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" refId="ref5816" refString="Witkowski, A., H. Lange-bertalot and D. Metzeltin. 2000. Diatom Flora of Marine Coasts I. Iconographia Diatomologica 7: 925 pp." type="book" year="2000">
Witkowski 
<emphasis id="B9494572E107FFBA070C5BE0FDDBFD71" box="[522,579,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">et al.</emphasis>
, 2000
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C3DE2E3E107FFBA07A45BE1FE93FD11" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1939" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aestuarii">
<emphasis id="B9494572E107FFBA07A45BE1FE93FD11" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Diploneis aestuarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also reported from a saltern in Sinan, 
<collectingCountry id="F32AD9F0E107FFBA07CD5BC0FC93FD11" box="[715,779,681,704]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E107FFBA05B35BA0FEC7FD30" author="Bae, H. &amp; J. Park &amp; H. Ahn &amp; J. S. Khim" box="[181,351,713,737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" pagination="361 - 373" refId="ref4252" refString="Bae, H., J. Park, H. Ahn and J. S. Khim. 2020. Shift in benthic diatom community structure and salinity thresholds in a hypersaline environment of solar saltern, Korea. Alage 35 (4): 361 - 373." type="journal article" year="2020">
Bae 
<emphasis id="B9494572E107FFBA05E05BA0FE82FD30" box="[230,282,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020
</bibRefCitation>
), and Isahaya tidal flat in the Ariake Sea, 
<collectingCountry id="F32AD9F0E107FFBA05A85B83FF71FCD0" box="[174,233,746,769]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFACE491E107FFBA05F25B80FE08FCD0" author="Ohtsuka, T." box="[244,400,745,769]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" pagination="138 - 148" refId="ref5081" refString="Ohtsuka, T. 2005. Epipelic diatoms blooming in Isahaya Tidal Flat in the Ariake Sea, Japan, before the drainage following the Isahaya-Bay Reclamation Project. Phycological Research 53 (2): 138 - 148." type="journal article" year="2005">Ohtsuka, 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The present study would be second report of the occurrence of the species from 
<collectingCountry id="F32AD9F0E107FFBA07725A63FD2EFCF0" box="[628,694,778,801]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Korea</collectingCountry>
, and the very first report of detailed morphology of the species. In the present study, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3DE2E3E107FFBA04785A23FD9DFCB0" authorityName="Hustedt" authorityYear="1939" box="[382,517,842,865]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Diploneidaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="aestuarii">
<emphasis id="B9494572E107FFBA04785A23FD9DFCB0" box="[382,517,842,865]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">D. aestuarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was observed from 10 locations in 
<collectingCountry id="F32AD9F0E107FFBA04365A02FEEBFC53" box="[304,371,875,898]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Korea</collectingCountry>
, five locations in 
<collectingCountry id="F32AD9F0E107FFBA07295A03FDE8FC53" box="[559,624,874,898]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">China</collectingCountry>
, and one location in 
<collectingCountry id="F32AD9F0E107FFBA05F15AE2FEABFC73" box="[247,307,907,930]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="130685E5E107FFBA04395AE3FEE3FC73" box="[319,379,906,930]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[325,358,1011,1033]" captionTargetBox="[308,1249,257,983]" captionTargetId="figure-409@1.[308,1249,257,983]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. The distribution of Plagiogrammopsis minima and Diploneis aestuarii in the Northeast Asia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139115/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>