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<document id="762B5E1396422AD4A1DB74F243DA5AD2" ID-CLB-Dataset="28149" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e6037c5d-a96f-41e5-8e70-71f2659659e2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2601072" ID-ZooBank="CF79B01B-8B5F-4B3A-B642-2CADE4B339AF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553171433896" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wesener, Thomas" docDate="2019" docId="03EB5506E32D8C13A2EDFD7BFA93F947" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4563.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4563 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sphaerobelum Verhoeff 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="240" masterDocId="FFD22D7EE30A8C34A27AFFCFFFE9FFFC" masterDocTitle="First records of giant pill-millipedes from Laos (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="248" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="240" updateTime="1698703176884" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="72E9239EBC7ADBBE9A91BA7F7F86625E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D77B51DF2F14C2495E150A9DF10FBA47">
<mods:title id="920E99C96ECC04EC6FFF77CEB9A8B54D">First records of giant pill-millipedes from Laos (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="17DB27AA8ABB7C98ED9CB48DB2F56ED7">Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8BF0EA3109DFE2EC25CC1336D29B1C0A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4ADE2CFDD5C5308995A950D145BF88F5">
<mods:date id="F9B957FDC13B5F085946394A5D473B3E">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="90D174E209337E314E951F77AABAA01B">2019-03-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D885364A900CAFF1E420E92499F4FA3A">4563</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FACE692091B68C3AD35DDDC51AF7ACBA">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5870C752AFD9DD5BB9FCCC9C259BDA26">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9E2B4439DA702712FE91D1E806A98B00" type="CLB-Dataset">28149</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EC8818456A25A4AFE9358F773041E761" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B3B0F6F1AFB02E27F3D8462F702E626D" type="GBIF-Dataset">e6037c5d-a96f-41e5-8e70-71f2659659e2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F7DD7905D002D05454C0AEC459A9303C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DAAB8A48239C0C4BA402B21CD24FE337" type="Zenodo-Dep">2601072</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EB5506E32D8C13A2EDFD7BFA93F947" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5934544" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154474544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5934544" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB5506E32D8C13A2EDFD7BFA93F947" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB5506E32D8C13A2EDFD7BFA93F947" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<subSubSection id="C358B79BE32D8C13A2EDFD7BFE41FD32" box="[151,424,692,718]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFDE410E32D8C13A2EDFD7BFE41FD32" blockId="39.[151,424,692,718]" box="[151,424,692,718]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<heading id="D0B5537CE32D8C13A2EDFD7BFE41FD32" bold="true" box="[151,424,692,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A2EDFD7BFE41FD32" bold="true" box="[151,424,692,718]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicName id="4C429F93E32D8C13A2EDFD7BFEAEFD32" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,327,692,718]" class="Diplopoda" family="Zephronidae" genus="Sphaerobelum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A2EDFD7BFEAEFD32" bold="true" box="[151,327,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Sphaerobelum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. L07
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358B79BE32D8C13A2EDFD35FB98FBF3" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFDE410E32D8C13A2EDFD35FD4CFCA7" blockId="39.[151,1437,762,1723]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A2EDFD35FE6DFCEF" bold="true" box="[151,388,762,787]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Material examined:</emphasis>
1 F (ZMUC00040261) from
<collectingCountry id="F355A480E32D8C13A0ACFD34FCF9FCEE" box="[726,784,763,786]" name="Laos" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Laos</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingRegion id="49862AF2E32D8C13A167FD35FBC0FCEF" box="[797,1065,762,787]" country="Laos" name="Khammouan" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Khammouane Province</collectingRegion>
, Ban Khounkham [Khun Kham] (Nahin),
<quantity id="4CBA49F5E32D8C13A286FCD0FEACFCCA" box="[252,325,799,823]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
; disturbed primary lowland evergreen forest, flight intercept trap (
<geoCoordinate id="EE7682D7E32D8C13A652FCD0FB53FCCB" box="[1064,1210,799,823]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" precision="1" value="18.217117">N18°13.027'</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7682D7E32D8C13A6BEFCD0FA89FCCB" box="[1220,1376,799,823]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" precision="1" value="104.51466">104°30.880'E</geoCoordinate>
), leg.
<date id="FFFCC2D0E32D8C13A2EDFC8CFED9FCA7" box="[151,304,835,859]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" value="2008-06-04" valueMax="2008-06-18" valueMin="2008-06-04">4-18.VI.2008</date>
, A. Solodovnikov &amp; J. Pedersen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDE410E32D8C13A2BDFCA9FB98FBF3" blockId="39.[151,1437,762,1723]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A2BDFCA9FE44FC83" bold="true" box="[199,429,870,895]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Unique characters:</emphasis>
Medium sized species, tergites brown with a darker posterior margin. Antennae and legs conspicuously yellow. Tergites covered by pits. Anal shield with single, long locking carinae. First laterotergite extending posteriorly in a long, pointed process. Legs unmodified with a high number of ventral spines (10–12,
<figureCitation id="1379F895E32D8C13A2EDFC1DFF17FC17" box="[151,254,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 27. Sphaerobelum sp. L07 (ZMUC); A: coxa of first left leg with first stigmatic plate; B: 9th left leg; C: coxa and prefemur of second leg with vulva; D: subanal plate. Abbreviations: Cx = coxa; O = operculum of vulva; Pre = prefemur; St-Pl = stigmatic plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
). Operculum of vulva unique for species from
<collectingCountry id="F355A480E32D8C13A163FC1CFCBBFC16" box="[793,850,979,1002]" name="Laos" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Laos</collectingCountry>
, protruding completely up to basal 2/3 of prefemur with one triangular, widely rounded tip (
<figureCitation id="1379F895E32D8C13A026FC39FD2AFBF3" box="[604,707,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 27. Sphaerobelum sp. L07 (ZMUC); A: coxa of first left leg with first stigmatic plate; B: 9th left leg; C: coxa and prefemur of second leg with vulva; D: subanal plate. Abbreviations: Cx = coxa; O = operculum of vulva; Pre = prefemur; St-Pl = stigmatic plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
). Coxa 2 lacking a process (
<figureCitation id="1379F895E32D8C13A187FC39FB8DFBF3" box="[1021,1124,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 27. Sphaerobelum sp. L07 (ZMUC); A: coxa of first left leg with first stigmatic plate; B: 9th left leg; C: coxa and prefemur of second leg with vulva; D: subanal plate. Abbreviations: Cx = coxa; O = operculum of vulva; Pre = prefemur; St-Pl = stigmatic plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C358B79BE32D8C13A2BDFBD5FA93F947" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFDE410E32D8C13A2BDFBD5FCB9FB87" blockId="39.[151,1437,762,1723]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A2BDFBD5FEB8FBCF" bold="true" box="[199,337,1050,1075]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Description</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A31EFBD5FDFAFBCF" bold="true" box="[356,531,1050,1075]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Measurements</emphasis>
: Body length ca
<quantity id="4CBA49F5E32D8C13A09CFBD5FCB8FBCE" box="[742,849,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.46" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" unit="mm" value="24.6">24.6 mm</quantity>
. Width, of thoracic shield =
<quantity id="4CBA49F5E32D8C13A6D1FBD5FAFEFBCE" box="[1195,1303,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
. Height, of thoracic shield =
<quantity id="4CBA49F5E32D8C13A322FBF0FE58FBAA" box="[344,433,1087,1111]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" unit="mm" value="7.9">7.9 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A3C1FBF1FDD5FBAB" bold="true" box="[443,572,1086,1111]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Coloration</emphasis>
: in preserved specimens orange to brown with darker posterior margin. Head and collum same colour as tergites. Antennae and legs yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDE410E32D8C13A2BDFB49FB2BFB1B" blockId="39.[151,1437,762,1723]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A2BDFB49FEEEFB63" bold="true" box="[199,263,1158,1183]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Head</emphasis>
: Eyes with ca. 55 ocelli. Last antennomere thickened. Apical disc with 31/27 apical cones. All antennomeres covered by long setae. Organ of Tömösváry located inside antennal groove.
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A6BFFB65FA7DFB3F" bold="true" box="[1221,1428,1194,1219]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Gnathochilarium</emphasis>
: structure typical of the order. Palpi sensory cones in several clusters.
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A1E6FB01FBF3FB1B" bold="true" box="[924,1050,1230,1255]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Mandibles</emphasis>
: not dissected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDE410E32D8C13A2BDFB3DFF3FF9B3" blockId="39.[151,1437,762,1723]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A2BDFB3DFE6AFAF7" bold="true" box="[199,387,1266,1291]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Stigmatic plates</emphasis>
: first stigmatic plate widely rounded, apex well-rounded, slightly curved towards coxa 1 (
<figureCitation id="1379F895E32D8C13A715FB3DFF25FAD3" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 27. Sphaerobelum sp. L07 (ZMUC); A: coxa of first left leg with first stigmatic plate; B: 9th left leg; C: coxa and prefemur of second leg with vulva; D: subanal plate. Abbreviations: Cx = coxa; O = operculum of vulva; Pre = prefemur; St-Pl = stigmatic plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A29CFAD9FE66FAD3" bold="true" box="[230,399,1302,1327]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Laterotergites</emphasis>
: laterotergite 1 strongly elongated into a long, sharp process. Laterotergite 2 slightly elongated into a pointed process.
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A071FAF5FD8DFAAF" bold="true" box="[523,612,1338,1363]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Collum</emphasis>
: with glabrous surface, margins with few isolated setae.
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A6A6FAF5FA7DFAAF" bold="true" box="[1244,1428,1338,1363]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Thoracic shield</emphasis>
: surface glabrous, setae only in grooves. Shallow grooves beset with numerous long setae, slope towards groove without keels.
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A341FA4DFE73FA67" bold="true" box="[315,410,1410,1435]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Tergites</emphasis>
: glabrous. Tips of paratergites of midbody tergites projecting posteriorly.
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A6ACFA4DFAB4FA67" bold="true" box="[1238,1373,1410,1435]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Anal shield</emphasis>
: well rounded. Underside without locking carinae.
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A0E6FA69FD3DFA43" bold="true" box="[668,724,1446,1471]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Legs</emphasis>
: leg-pair 1 with 2 ventral spines, leg-pair 2 with 5, leg-pair 3 with 7. First two leg-pairs without an apical spine. Leg-pairs 4–21 with 10–12 ventral spines and one dorso-apical spine. In leg 9 femur 1.6 times, tarsus 5 times longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="1379F895E32D8C13A1FAFA21FC01F9FB" box="[896,1000,1518,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 27. Sphaerobelum sp. L07 (ZMUC); A: coxa of first left leg with first stigmatic plate; B: 9th left leg; C: coxa and prefemur of second leg with vulva; D: subanal plate. Abbreviations: Cx = coxa; O = operculum of vulva; Pre = prefemur; St-Pl = stigmatic plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
). All podomeres densely setose. Coxa with a well rounded process. Coxa process absent at first leg (
<figureCitation id="1379F895E32D8C13A116F9DDFC3DF9D7" box="[876,980,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 27. Sphaerobelum sp. L07 (ZMUC); A: coxa of first left leg with first stigmatic plate; B: 9th left leg; C: coxa and prefemur of second leg with vulva; D: subanal plate. Abbreviations: Cx = coxa; O = operculum of vulva; Pre = prefemur; St-Pl = stigmatic plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
) and weakly developed at second (
<figureCitation id="1379F895E32D8C13A715F9DDFF20F9B3" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 27. Sphaerobelum sp. L07 (ZMUC); A: coxa of first left leg with first stigmatic plate; B: 9th left leg; C: coxa and prefemur of second leg with vulva; D: subanal plate. Abbreviations: Cx = coxa; O = operculum of vulva; Pre = prefemur; St-Pl = stigmatic plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFDE410E32D8C13A2BDF995FA93F947" blockId="39.[151,1437,762,1723]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A2BDF995FDE8F98F" bold="true" box="[199,513,1626,1651]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Female sexual characters</emphasis>
: Vulva large, covering mesal 3/4 of coxa, extending mesally to basal 2/3 of prefemur (
<figureCitation id="1379F895E32D8C13A36BF9B1FE95F96B" box="[273,380,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 27. Sphaerobelum sp. L07 (ZMUC); A: coxa of first left leg with first stigmatic plate; B: 9th left leg; C: coxa and prefemur of second leg with vulva; D: subanal plate. Abbreviations: Cx = coxa; O = operculum of vulva; Pre = prefemur; St-Pl = stigmatic plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
). Operculum unique for Laotian millipedes, rounded, elongated into a well-rounded, wide triangle.
<emphasis id="B9363802E32D8C13A280F96DFE77F947" bold="true" box="[250,414,1698,1723]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Subanal plate</emphasis>
: large and wide, undivided, central margin slightly recessed. Densely setose (
<figureCitation id="1379F895E32D8C13A77FF96DFA87F947" box="[1285,1390,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[220,1369,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 27. Sphaerobelum sp. L07 (ZMUC); A: coxa of first left leg with first stigmatic plate; B: 9th left leg; C: coxa and prefemur of second leg with vulva; D: subanal plate. Abbreviations: Cx = coxa; O = operculum of vulva; Pre = prefemur; St-Pl = stigmatic plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601129/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 27D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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