133 lines
14 KiB
XML
133 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="A3368A2E7C914A467465797AB1914D47" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4093.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="93e50923-ac4f-4bc5-93cc-4b1e825a8c1d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="267667" ID-ZooBank="ECC66298-6885-47B3-B797-8D30AA05927F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1458633050499" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Turon, Xavier, Cañete, Juan I., Sellanes, Javier, Rocha, Rosana M. & López-Legentil, Susanna" docDate="2016" docId="03C88E54FF9EFFBAFF77B08AFEE93363" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4093.2.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4093 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aplidium fuegiense Cunningham 1871" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="FFF1F62CFF99FFB3FFE0B677FFED3076" masterDocTitle="Ascidian fauna (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) of subantarctic and temperate regions of Chile" masterLastPageNumber="180" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="158" updateTime="1698185791852" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C78D6DD1ACA11EFBE51251D2B63200EF">Ascidian fauna (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) of subantarctic and temperate regions of Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BC16E0941C303BD61FA401E1921A2FF4">Turon, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="93EA0E166489239FD3AD52D799F4DBF9">Cañete, Juan I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8B8D880E7F77EC53C0E1C5B0DFFDA6F8">Sellanes, Javier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AD5AF0AEA0C0BC8AA4FE4A0F8AC59E2E">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B588875448A2A9C494697342033295B">López-Legentil, Susanna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CE180D02BACCD4C2D4F8E5E51D93C309">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7064CE35C991349078FEF6316965403D">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0039B167BC015B5830E14C6A27DEE77D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="088D68E2AFAFB234E4CD8B695CA1F9C8">4093</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="4693157E0DDD02EDD173877636697C52" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4093.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C88E54FF9EFFBAFF77B08AFEE93363" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5630309" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119208939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5630309" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C88E54FF9EFFBAFF77B08AFEE93363" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C88E54FF9EFFBAFF77B08AFEE93363" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<subSubSection id="C37B6CC9FF9EFFB4FF77B08AFEE0374E" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF9EFFB4FF77B08AFD673761" blockId="7.[151,650,1789,1848]" box="[151,650,1789,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<heading id="D096882EFF9EFFB4FF77B08AFD673761" bold="true" box="[151,650,1789,1815]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6144C1FF9EFFB4FF77B08AFD673761" authority="Cunningham, 1871" authorityName="Cunningham" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,650,1789,1815]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuegiense">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF9EFFB4FF77B08AFD673761" bold="true" box="[151,650,1789,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF9EFFB4FF77B08AFE6F3761" bold="true" box="[151,386,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Aplidium fuegiense</emphasis>
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(Cunningham, 1871)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF9EFFB4FF77B168FEE0374E" blockId="7.[151,650,1789,1848]" box="[151,269,1823,1848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<figureCitation id="135A23C7FF9EFFB4FF77B168FF3A374E" box="[151,215,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aplidium fuegiense. A, image of a colony, B, thorax with a commensal crustacean inside; C, abdomen and postabdomen. Aplidium variabilis. D, colony; E, anterior part of a zooid; F, larva. Scale bars: A, 2 cm, B, 1 mm, C, 2 mm, D, 2 cm, E, 1 mm, F, 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267671/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A–C
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6CC9FF9EFFB4FF77B11FFE623794" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF9EFFB4FF77B11FFDF237EA" blockId="7.[151,1436,1896,1948]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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References and synonymy:
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<taxonomicName id="4C6144C1FF9EFFB4FE5FB11EFC983708" authority="Van Name (1945)" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1945" box="[447,885,1896,1918]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Amaroucium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuegiense">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF9EFFB4FE5FB11EFD463708" box="[447,683,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Amaroucium fuegiense</emphasis>
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Van Name (1945)
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</taxonomicName>
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p. 43;
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<taxonomicName id="4C6144C1FF9EFFB4FC2BB11FFAA83708" authority="Monniot (1970)" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1970" box="[971,1349,1896,1918]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuegiense">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF9EFFB4FC2BB11FFB793708" box="[971,1172,1896,1918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Aplidium fuegiense</emphasis>
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Monniot (1970)
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</taxonomicName>
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p. 325; Monniot & Monniot (1983) p. 16.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF9EFFB4FF77B1BEFE623794" blockId="7.[151,399,1993,2018]" box="[151,399,1993,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Localities: 2S, 7S, 8S.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF1E6FCAFF91FFBBFF77B16AFE723706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267671/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF91FFBBFF77B16AFE723706" blockId="8.[151,1435,1821,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF91FFBBFF77B16AFEFA3744" bold="true" box="[151,279,1821,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6144C1FF91FFBBFEC2B16AFE043745" box="[290,489,1821,1843]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuegiense">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF91FFBBFEC2B16AFE043745" box="[290,489,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Aplidium fuegiense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A, image of a colony, B, thorax with a commensal crustacean inside; C, abdomen and postabdomen.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6144C1FF91FFBBFECAB14BFE033724" box="[298,494,1852,1874]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF91FFBBFECAB14BFE033724" box="[298,494,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Aplidium variabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. D, colony; E, anterior part of a zooid; F, larva. Scale bars: A, 2 cm, B, 1 mm, C, 2 mm, D, 2 cm, E, 1 mm, F, 0.25 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6CC9FF91FFBAFF27B1E0FD4A324B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF91FFBAFF27B1E0FC9930A2" blockId="8.[151,1436,1943,2004]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
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Colonies of this species are cushion-like, measuring up to
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<quantity id="4C9992A7FF91FFBBFCB4B1EFFC7737D9" box="[852,922,1944,1968]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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in diameter and
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<quantity id="4C9992A7FF91FFBBFBB6B1EFFB6037D9" box="[1110,1165,1944,1968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
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in height. The colour in our specimens is brownish. The zooids form wide, meandering fields separated by narrow tunic stretches without zooids. The tunic is soft but consistent, particularly the outermost layer. The relaxed zooids measure over
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<quantity id="4C9992A7FF90FFBAFAD1B6EFFA6D30D9" box="[1329,1408,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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in length (the thorax reaches ca.
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<quantity id="4C9992A7FF90FFBAFE07B6CBFDC730A2" box="[487,554,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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, and the abdomen ca.
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<quantity id="4C9992A7FF90FFBAFCC2B6CBFC8530A2" box="[802,872,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF90FFBAFF27B6A8FD4A324B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">The oral siphon is six-lobed, and the atrial aperture is relatively wide, reaching from the second to the fifth row of stigmata. It is surmounted by a short languet that can be simple or, more often, have two, three, or more points. There are between 12 and 15 rows of stigmata (mostly 13–14), with over 20 stigmata per half-row, and 15–16 fine longitudinal muscles run longitudinally through each side of the thorax. The abdomen presents a folded stomach, usually with five folds plus the typhlosole. There is a posterior stomach and an elongated mid-intestine in vertical position in well relaxed zooids. The posterior intestine ends in a bi-lobed anus just at the posterior rim of the atrial aperture. Most zooids have well-developed gonads consisting of several reddish oocytes and white male testes occupying most of the post-abdomen. The space between the posterior intestinal loop and the ovary is filled by a folded and twisted spermduct. In a few zooids, undifferentiated embryos (up to four), of reddish colour, were seen in the posterior part of the peribranchial cavity.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37B6CC9FF90FFBAFF27B430FEE93363" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDE3F42FF90FFBAFF27B430FEE93363" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
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<emphasis id="B915E350FF90FFBAFF27B430FED63216" bold="true" box="[199,315,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Remarks.</emphasis>
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this species is widely distributed in
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<collectingCountry id="F3767FD2FF90FFBAFD0DB430FCB83216" box="[749,853,583,608]" name="Antarctica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
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and subantarctic waters. Most descriptions of the species report wide morphological variation, perhaps encompassing a group of ill-defined species. We did not observe the small orange-reddish bodies in the surface layer of test reported in other descriptions (Millar 1960, 1970, Sanamyan & Schories 2003), which may be regressing bodies. The convoluted spermduct between the ovary and the digestive system (Millar 1960, Monniot 1970, Monniot & Monniot 1983) may be a good diagnostic character.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |