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<mods:title id="7CD1D1A0D7F15591DEF80F35F1527CD2">New records and description of four new species of spionids (Annelida: Polychaeta: Spionidae) from the Philippines: the genera Dispio, Malacoceros, Polydora, and Scolelepis, with notes on palp ciliation patterns of the genus Scolelepis</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0F181C06E394D63FF7AF9C7261BF9A7" bold="true" box="[151,585,1626,1652]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E394D63FF7AF9C7261BF9A7" ID-CoL="7353S" authority="Fauvel, 1928" authorityName="Fauvel" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,585,1626,1652]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="indicus">
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<emphasis id="B972EABE6E394D63FF7AF9C725C3F9A7" bold="true" box="[151,401,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malacoceros indicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FE4DF9C72613F9A7" author="Fauvel" box="[416,577,1626,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Fauvel, P. (1928) Annelides polychetes nouvelles de l'Indie. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 34, 90 - 96." type="journal article" year="1928">Fauvel, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E394D63FF72F9E0255DF944" box="[159,271,1661,1687]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="10.[151,255,1868,1892]" captionStartId-1="11.[153,257,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox-0="[265,1322,629,1844]" captionTargetBox-1="[288,1348,188,1513]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[265,1323,624,1844]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[148,1439,174,1529]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, G – H, voucher specimens (USNM 1096799); F (ZRC 2006.0221). A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, setiger 1, anterior lateral view; D, setiger 2, anterior lateral view; E, setiger 19, lateral view (posterior end to left); F, setiger 79, anterior lateral view; G, hooded hook from posterior setiger; H, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 250 µm; C – F = 100 µm; G = 10 µm; H = 125 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, voucher specimens (USNM 1096801); F – G (USNM 1096800) SEM micrographs. A, anterior end, oblique lateral view (arrowhead indicates 2 bulbous lobes of proboscis); B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, neuropodium of setiger 10 (arrowhead indicates lateral organ); D, sabre setae of setiger 10; E, neuropodium of setiger 72 (arrowhead indicates nipple-like projection); F, setigers 20 – 24 (right to left), lateral view; G, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 500 µm; C = 5 µm; D – E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm; G = 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/176378/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/176379/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="B972EABE6E394D63FF7AF9502519F937" box="[151,331,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Scolelepis indica</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FEBFF950265AF937" author="Fauvel" box="[338,520,1741,1764]" page="93" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FEBFF95025B3F937" author="Fauvel" box="[338,481,1741,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Fauvel, P. (1928) Annelides polychetes nouvelles de l'Indie. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 34, 90 - 96." type="journal article" year="1928">Fauvel, 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 93
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, fig. 
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–m. 
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<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FD6BF9502747F937" author="Fauvel" box="[646,789,1741,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Fauvel, P. (1930) Annelida Polychaeta of the Madras Government Museum. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, new series, Natural History Section, 1, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1930">Fauvel, 1930</bibRefCitation>
: 35
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 
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–m. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FC56F9502029F937" author="Fauvel" box="[955,1147,1741,1764]" page="313" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1953">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FC56F950201BF937" author="Fauvel" box="[955,1097,1741,1764]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Fauvel, P. (1953). Annelida, Polychaeta. The Fauna of India, including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma, and Malaya, Allahabad, 507 pp." type="book" year="1953">Fauvel, 1953</bibRefCitation>
: 313
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–314, fig. 
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–m. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FAA0F950257AF8D7" author="Monro" page="25" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FAA0F9502552F8D7" author="Monro" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" refString="Monro, C. C. A. (1931) Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Echiuroidea and Sipunculoidea. Great Barrier Reef (Queensland) Expedition, 1928 - 1929. Scientific Reports of the British Museum (Natural History), 4, 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1931">Monro, 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 25
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FEDFF97026C1F8D7" author="Berkeley" box="[306,659,1773,1796]" page="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FEDFF9702639F8D7" author="Berkeley" box="[306,619,1773,1796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refString="Berkeley, E. &amp; Berkeley, C. (1941) On a collection of Polychaeta from Southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 40, 16 - 60." type="journal article" year="1941">Berkeley and Berkeley, 1941</bibRefCitation>
: 21
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FD70F9702704F8D7" author="Reish" box="[669,854,1773,1796]" page="277" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FD70F9702772F8D7" author="Reish" box="[669,800,1773,1796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" refString="Reish, D. J. (1961) A new species of Micronereis (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Marshall Islands. Pacific Science, 15, 273 - 277." type="journal article" year="1961">Reish, 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 277
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB936AC6E394D63FF7AF890263EF8B7" blockId="9.[151,1436,1741,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E394D63FF7AF8902609F8F7" ID-CoL="7353S" authority="Pettibone, 1963: 99" authorityName="Pettibone" authorityPageNumber="99" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,603,1805,1828]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E394D63FF7AF8902524F8F7" box="[151,374,1805,1828]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malacoceros indicus</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FE68F8902609F8F7" author="Pettibone" box="[389,603,1805,1828]" page="99" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FE68F8902663F8F7" author="Pettibone" box="[389,561,1805,1828]" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" refString="Pettibone, M. H. (1963) Revision of some genera of polychaete worms of the family Spionidae, including the description of a new species of Scolelepis. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 76, 89 - 104." type="journal article" year="1963">Pettibone, 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 99
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FD8BF890275DF8F7" author="Day" box="[614,783,1805,1828]" page="477" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FD8BF890268BF8F7" author="Day" box="[614,729,1805,1828]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Day, J. H. (1967) A monograph on the Polychaeta of southern Africa. Part 2. Sedentaria. British Museum of Natural History Publication No. 656, 1 - 878." type="book chapter" year="1967">Day, 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 477
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 18.5.p–u. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FC5EF8902154F8F7" author="Blake" box="[947,1286,1805,1828]" page="185" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FC5EF8902082F8F7" author="Blake" box="[947,1232,1805,1828]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refString="Blake, J. A. &amp; Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake and Kudenov, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 185
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FAFFF89024A0F897" author="Blake" page="219" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FAFFF89021CAF8F7" author="Blake" box="[1298,1432,1805,1828]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refString="Blake, J. A. (1983) Polychaetes of the family Spionidae from South America, Antarctica and adjacent seas and islands. In: Kornicker, L. (Ed.), Biology of Antarctic Seas 12. Antarctic Research Series, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D. C., 39, 205 - 287." type="journal article" year="1983">Blake, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 219
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, 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FF11F8B025E0F897" author="Blake" box="[252,434,1837,1860]" page="105" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FF11F8B025D2F897" author="Blake" box="[252,384,1837,1860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refString="Blake, J. A. (1996) Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. Including a review of the genera and species from California and a revision of the genus Polydora Bosc, 1802. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 6. The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 81 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1996">Blake, 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 105
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–107 [synonymy], fig. 4.4; 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FD3BF8B027ABF897" author="Ben-Eliahu" box="[726,1017,1837,1860]" page="96" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FD3BF8B02782F897" author="Ben-Eliahu" box="[726,976,1837,1860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refString="Ben-Eliahu, M. N., Hutchings, P. A. &amp; Glasby, C. J. (1984) Ceratonereis lizardensis, n. sp. (Polychaeta: Nereididae) and Malacoceros indicus (Spionidae) from a mangrove habitat at Lizard Island, North Queensland. In: Hutchings, P. A. (Ed.), Proceedings of the First International Polychaete Conference, Sydney. Linnean Society of New South Wales, 91 - 97." type="book chapter" year="1984">Ben-Eliahu et al., 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 96
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FBEEF8B02167F897" author="Dauer" box="[1027,1333,1837,1860]" page="395" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FBEEF8B02151F897" author="Dauer" box="[1027,1283,1837,1860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Dauer, D. M. &amp; Ewing, R. M. (1991) Functional morphology and feeding behavior of Malacoceros indicus (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 395 - 400." type="journal article" year="1991">Dauer and Ewing, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 395
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–400, fig. 1. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FF0FF8D025CAF8B7" author="Imajima" box="[226,408,1869,1892]" page="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FF0FF8D025D3F8B7" author="Imajima" box="[226,385,1869,1892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="33" refString="Imajima, M. (1991) Spionidae (Annelida Polychaeta) from Japan VI. The Genera Malacoceros and Rhynchospio. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo Series A (Zoology), 17, 5 - 17." type="journal article" year="1991">Imajima, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 6
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–9, figs. 2a–g, 3a–j.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E394D63FF7AF8F0268DF857" ID-CoL="7353S" authority="Foster, 1971a: 50" authorityName="Foster" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,735,1901,1924]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="indicus" subGenus="Malacoceros">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E394D63FF7AF8F02645F857" box="[151,535,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Malacoceros (Malacoceros) indicus</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FDC8F8F0268DF857" author="Foster" box="[549,735,1901,1924]" page="50" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FDC8F8F026EBF857" author="Foster" box="[549,697,1901,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Foster, N. M. (1971 a) Spionidae (Polychaeta) of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 36, 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1971" yearSuffix="a">Foster, 1971a</bibRefCitation>
: 50
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–53, figs. 93–99. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FC75F8F0203CF857" author="Foster" box="[920,1134,1901,1924]" page="1455" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FC75F8F0207CF857" author="Foster" box="[920,1070,1901,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Foster, N. M. (1971 b) Redescription of the spionid polychaete Malacoceros (Malacoceros) indicus (Fauvel, 1928). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 28, 1455 - 1457." type="journal article" year="1971" yearSuffix="b">Foster, 1971b</bibRefCitation>
: 
<date id="FFB8106C6E394D63FBD5F8F0203CF857" box="[1080,1134,1901,1924]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1455" valueMax="1457">1455</date>
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–1457, figs, 1–6.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1611826E394D63FF7AF81020BDF877" box="[151,1263,1933,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E394D63FF7AF8102653F877" ID-CoL="4Z67R" authority="Hartman, 1961: 89" authorityName="Hartman" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,513,1933,1956]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Spio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E394D63FF7AF8102578F877" box="[151,298,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spio punctata</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FED5F8102653F877" author="Hartman" box="[312,513,1933,1956]" page="89" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FED5F810258EF877" author="Hartman" box="[312,476,1933,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="33" refString="Hartman, O. (1961) Polychaetous annelids from California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 25, 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1961">Hartman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 89
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–90, pl. 11, figs.1–3. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA710BD6E394D63FD0EF81027E9F877" author="Hartman" box="[739,955,1933,1956]" page="175" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FD0EF81027D4F877" author="Hartman" box="[739,902,1933,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="33" refString="Hartman, O. (1969) Atlas of the sedentariate polychaetous annelids from California, Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 812 pp." type="book" year="1969">Hartman, 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 175
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 1–3. Fide 
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E394D63FB8AF81020B9F877" author="Blake" box="[1127,1259,1933,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refString="Blake, J. A. (1996) Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. Including a review of the genera and species from California and a revision of the genus Polydora Bosc, 1802. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 6. The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 81 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1996">Blake, 1996</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31C65276E394D60FF7AF8482736FEF9" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB936AC6E394D60FF7AF8482736FEF9" blockId="9.[151,1436,2005,2031]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,658]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E394D63FF7AF848270DF83C" bold="true" box="[151,863,2005,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Material examined. 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E394D63FE78F8482671F83C" box="[405,547,2005,2031]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, Diniwid Beach, Boracay
</emphasis>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE32506B6E394D63FC82F8482784F83C" box="[879,982,2005,2031]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="12.0">11°60´N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE32506B6E394D63FC09F8482004F83C" box="[996,1110,2005,2031]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="121.9">121°54´E</geoCoordinate>
, sandy beach, 
<date id="FFB8106C6E394D63FAE8F84821CEF83C" box="[1285,1436,2005,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1999-04-13">13 Apr 1999</date>
(one posterior end in alcohol, 
<collectionCode id="ED17AE696E3A4D60FDEDFF052607FF61" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[512,597,152,178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USNM</collectionCode>
1096797; one anterior end on SEM stub, 
<collectionCode id="ED17AE696E3A4D60FBA3FF0520F1FF61" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1102,1187,152,178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USNM</collectionCode>
1096798); 
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3A4D60FAC3FF0A2565FF0A" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Boracay, White Beach</emphasis>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE32506B6E3A4D60FEAAFF5D25E5FF09" box="[327,439,192,218]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="11.983334">11°59´’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE32506B6E3A4D60FE29FF5D266AFF09" box="[452,568,192,218]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="121.916664">121°55´E</geoCoordinate>
, sandy beach, 
<date id="FFB8106C6E3A4D60FD09FF5D2728FF09" box="[740,890,192,218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1999-04-14">14 Apr 1999</date>
(three complete specimens in alcohol, 
<collectionCode id="ED17AE696E3A4D60FAAAFF5D21CEFF09" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1351,1436,192,218]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USNM</collectionCode>
1096799; one complete specimen on SEM stub, 
<collectionCode id="ED17AE696E3A4D60FCEFFF752705FED1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[770,855,232,258]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USNM</collectionCode>
1096800; four anterior ends in alcohol, 
<collectionCode id="ED17AE696E3A4D60FA8EFF7521CEFED1" box="[1379,1436,232,258]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ZRC</collectionCode>
2006.0221; one anterior end on SEM stub, 
<collectionCode id="ED17AE696E3A4D60FD7DFE8D26B7FEF9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[656,741,272,298]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USNM</collectionCode>
1096801).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31C65276E3A4D66FF2AFEAA26D7FD41" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB936AC6E3A4D60FF2AFEAA2168FE21" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,658]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3A4D60FF2AFEAA250DFE82" bold="true" box="[199,351,311,337]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description.</emphasis>
Largest complete specimen with 184 setigers, 30.7-mm long and 1.0 mm-wide at setiger 16 (maximal width); an incomplete specimen of 140 setigers reached a length of 44.0-mm and 1.9-mm wide at setiger 16. Body broad, dorsally flattened anteriorly tapering in middle setigers, subcylindrical in cross section. Palp present on one individual, extending posteriorly for approximately 16 setigers; median groove on ventral side of palp lined by frontal cilia. Color in alcohol opaque off white, no pigmentation present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB936AC6E3A4D60FF2AFD9D2491FD41" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,658]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Prostomium T-shaped with short frontal horns, rounded on distal margin (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3A4D60FBCBFD9D2025FDC9" box="[1062,1143,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,629,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1323,624,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, G – H, voucher specimens (USNM 1096799); F (ZRC 2006.0221). A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, setiger 1, anterior lateral view; D, setiger 2, anterior lateral view; E, setiger 19, lateral view (posterior end to left); F, setiger 79, anterior lateral view; G, hooded hook from posterior setiger; H, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 250 µm; C – F = 100 µm; G = 10 µm; H = 125 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176378/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
A, B, 7A, B); posteriorly short caruncle, extending to middle of setiger one (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3A4D60FD1EFDB52717FD91" box="[755,837,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,629,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1323,624,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, G – H, voucher specimens (USNM 1096799); F (ZRC 2006.0221). A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, setiger 1, anterior lateral view; D, setiger 2, anterior lateral view; E, setiger 19, lateral view (posterior end to left); F, setiger 79, anterior lateral view; G, hooded hook from posterior setiger; H, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 250 µm; C – F = 100 µm; G = 10 µm; H = 125 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176378/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
A, 7B); occipital tentacle absent; with 2–4 pairs of round eyes in two irregular clusters (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3A4D60FDA0FDCD26C6FDB9" box="[589,660,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,629,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1323,624,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, G – H, voucher specimens (USNM 1096799); F (ZRC 2006.0221). A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, setiger 1, anterior lateral view; D, setiger 2, anterior lateral view; E, setiger 19, lateral view (posterior end to left); F, setiger 79, anterior lateral view; G, hooded hook from posterior setiger; H, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 250 µm; C – F = 100 µm; G = 10 µm; H = 125 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176378/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A). Proboscis partially everted with two bulbous lobes below lateral
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7966246E3A4D60FF7AF8D12132F818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176378/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[265,1322,629,1844]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BB936AC6E3A4D60FF7AF8D12132F818" blockId="10.[151,1436,1868,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3A4D60FF7AF8D1254EF8B7" bold="true" box="[151,284,1868,1892]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E3A4D60FEC9F8D12651F8B0" box="[292,515,1868,1891]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3A4D60FEC9F8D12651F8B0" box="[292,515,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Malacoceros indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A–E, G–H, voucher specimens (USNM 1096799); F (ZRC 2006.0221). A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, setiger 1, anterior lateral view; D, setiger 2, anterior lateral view; E, setiger 19, lateral view (posterior end to left); F, setiger 79, anterior lateral view; G, hooded hook from posterior setiger; H, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 250 µm; C–F = 100 µm; G = 10 µm; H = 125 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7966246E3B4D61FF74FA6320ABF973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176379/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[288,1348,188,1513]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BB936AC6E3B4D61FF74FA6320ABF973" blockId="11.[151,1437,1534,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3B4D61FF74FA63254CF9C5" bold="true" box="[153,286,1534,1558]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3B4D61FEC5FA632642F9C6" box="[296,528,1534,1557]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E3B4D61FEC5FA63265EF9C6" box="[296,524,1534,1557]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="indicus">Malacoceros indicus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A–E, voucher specimens (USNM 1096801); F–G (USNM 1096800) SEM micrographs. A, anterior end, oblique lateral view (arrowhead indicates 2 bulbous lobes of proboscis); B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, neuropodium of setiger 10 (arrowhead indicates lateral organ); D, sabre setae of setiger 10; E, neuropodium of setiger 72 (arrowhead indicates nipple-like projection); F, setigers 20–24 (right to left), lateral view; G, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 5µm; D–E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm; G = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB936AC6E3B4D61FF2AF9532752F863" blockId="11.[151,1436,1742,2008]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Branchiae from setiger 1 continuing to posteriormost setigers, branchiae elongate, slender, tapering to a blunt tip, fused basally with notopodial postsetal lamellae, branchiae slightly longer than notopodial lamellae of setiger 1 (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3B4D61FEC2F8832524F8EB" box="[303,374,1822,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,629,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1323,624,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, G – H, voucher specimens (USNM 1096799); F (ZRC 2006.0221). A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, setiger 1, anterior lateral view; D, setiger 2, anterior lateral view; E, setiger 19, lateral view (posterior end to left); F, setiger 79, anterior lateral view; G, hooded hook from posterior setiger; H, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 250 µm; C – F = 100 µm; G = 10 µm; H = 125 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176378/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
C), increasing in length posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3B4D61FCC8F8832725F8EB" box="[805,887,1822,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,629,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1323,624,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, G – H, voucher specimens (USNM 1096799); F (ZRC 2006.0221). A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, setiger 1, anterior lateral view; D, setiger 2, anterior lateral view; E, setiger 19, lateral view (posterior end to left); F, setiger 79, anterior lateral view; G, hooded hook from posterior setiger; H, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 250 µm; C – F = 100 µm; G = 10 µm; H = 125 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176378/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
D–F, 7A, B, F), by setiger 10 twice as long as notopodial lamellae and slightly overlapping at midline, heavily ciliated on inner and outer margin, joined to corresponding branchiae on opposite side by band of cilia across dorsum, second band of cilia present on each setiger posterior to band joining branchiae (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3B4D61FD7BF80B268FF863" box="[662,733,1942,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[153,257,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[288,1348,188,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[148,1439,174,1529]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, voucher specimens (USNM 1096801); F – G (USNM 1096800) SEM micrographs. A, anterior end, oblique lateral view (arrowhead indicates 2 bulbous lobes of proboscis); B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, neuropodium of setiger 10 (arrowhead indicates lateral organ); D, sabre setae of setiger 10; E, neuropodium of setiger 72 (arrowhead indicates nipple-like projection); F, setigers 20 – 24 (right to left), lateral view; G, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 500 µm; C = 5 µm; D – E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm; G = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176379/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB936AC6E3B4D66FF2AF8232108FEF9" blockId="11.[151,1436,1742,2008]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,152,1618]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Notopodial postsetal lamellae elongate, triangular, tapering to blunt tip on anterior setigers, gradually becoming shorter in posterior setigers; notopodial presetal lamellae low, lobe surrounding base of notosetae (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3C4D66FF72FF5D24BAFF09" box="[159,232,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[153,257,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[288,1348,188,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[148,1439,174,1529]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, voucher specimens (USNM 1096801); F – G (USNM 1096800) SEM micrographs. A, anterior end, oblique lateral view (arrowhead indicates 2 bulbous lobes of proboscis); B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, neuropodium of setiger 10 (arrowhead indicates lateral organ); D, sabre setae of setiger 10; E, neuropodium of setiger 72 (arrowhead indicates nipple-like projection); F, setigers 20 – 24 (right to left), lateral view; G, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 500 µm; C = 5 µm; D – E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm; G = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176379/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A, C, E–G). Neuropodial postsetal lamellae of anteriormost setigers small conical, base of lamellae broadening posteriorly, small, nipple-like projection at tip of lamellae (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3C4D66FC38FF752049FED1" box="[981,1051,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[153,257,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[288,1348,188,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[148,1439,174,1529]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, voucher specimens (USNM 1096801); F – G (USNM 1096800) SEM micrographs. A, anterior end, oblique lateral view (arrowhead indicates 2 bulbous lobes of proboscis); B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, neuropodium of setiger 10 (arrowhead indicates lateral organ); D, sabre setae of setiger 10; E, neuropodium of setiger 72 (arrowhead indicates nipple-like projection); F, setigers 20 – 24 (right to left), lateral view; G, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 500 µm; C = 5 µm; D – E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm; G = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176379/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A, C, E). Lateral organs between notopodial and neuropodial postsetal lamellae present from setiger 1 to posteriormost setigers (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3C4D66FB1DFE8D2165FEF9" box="[1264,1335,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[153,257,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[288,1348,188,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[148,1439,174,1529]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, voucher specimens (USNM 1096801); F – G (USNM 1096800) SEM micrographs. A, anterior end, oblique lateral view (arrowhead indicates 2 bulbous lobes of proboscis); B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, neuropodium of setiger 10 (arrowhead indicates lateral organ); D, sabre setae of setiger 10; E, neuropodium of setiger 72 (arrowhead indicates nipple-like projection); F, setigers 20 – 24 (right to left), lateral view; G, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 500 µm; C = 5 µm; D – E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm; G = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176379/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB936AC6E3C4D66FF2AFEA52726FD91" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Notosetae thin, capillaries in two rows, anterior row slightly shorter than posterior row, anterior setigers with approximately 16–24 setae in each row, gradually decreasing in number in posterior setigers. Neurosetae on anterior setigers in two rows, similar in morphology to notosetae but shorter in length, plus ventral fascicle of 3–4 sabre setae (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3C4D66FE9AFE2D25EEFE19" box="[375,444,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[153,257,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[288,1348,188,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[148,1439,174,1529]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, voucher specimens (USNM 1096801); F – G (USNM 1096800) SEM micrographs. A, anterior end, oblique lateral view (arrowhead indicates 2 bulbous lobes of proboscis); B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, neuropodium of setiger 10 (arrowhead indicates lateral organ); D, sabre setae of setiger 10; E, neuropodium of setiger 72 (arrowhead indicates nipple-like projection); F, setigers 20 – 24 (right to left), lateral view; G, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 500 µm; C = 5 µm; D – E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm; G = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176379/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C–D); 1–2 neuropodial hooded hooks from setigers 28–62, with up to seven hooks in more posterior setigers, accompanied by dorsal fascicle of 3–4 fine capillary setae and ventral fascicle of sabre setae (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3C4D66FECBFD9D253EFDC9" box="[294,364,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[153,257,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[288,1348,188,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[148,1439,174,1529]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, voucher specimens (USNM 1096801); F – G (USNM 1096800) SEM micrographs. A, anterior end, oblique lateral view (arrowhead indicates 2 bulbous lobes of proboscis); B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, neuropodium of setiger 10 (arrowhead indicates lateral organ); D, sabre setae of setiger 10; E, neuropodium of setiger 72 (arrowhead indicates nipple-like projection); F, setigers 20 – 24 (right to left), lateral view; G, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 500 µm; C = 5 µm; D – E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm; G = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176379/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
E); hooded hooks with three small teeth above main fang (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3C4D66FBFAFD9D200FFDC9" box="[1047,1117,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,629,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1323,624,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, G – H, voucher specimens (USNM 1096799); F (ZRC 2006.0221). A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, setiger 1, anterior lateral view; D, setiger 2, anterior lateral view; E, setiger 19, lateral view (posterior end to left); F, setiger 79, anterior lateral view; G, hooded hook from posterior setiger; H, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 250 µm; C – F = 100 µm; G = 10 µm; H = 125 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176378/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
G). Notosetae and neurosetae (including sabre setae) with minute spinelets (see 
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3C4D66FCE4FDB5271DFD91" box="[777,847,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[153,257,1534,1558]" captionTargetBox="[288,1348,188,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[148,1439,174,1529]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, voucher specimens (USNM 1096801); F – G (USNM 1096800) SEM micrographs. A, anterior end, oblique lateral view (arrowhead indicates 2 bulbous lobes of proboscis); B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, neuropodium of setiger 10 (arrowhead indicates lateral organ); D, sabre setae of setiger 10; E, neuropodium of setiger 72 (arrowhead indicates nipple-like projection); F, setigers 20 – 24 (right to left), lateral view; G, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 500 µm; C = 5 µm; D – E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm; G = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176379/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB936AC6E3C4D66FF2AFDCD26D7FD41" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Pygidium with two dorsal cirri and two slightly longer ventral cirri, cirri conical, tapering to blunt rounded tip; anus terminal (
<figureCitation id="133D2A296E3C4D66FE36FDE5267EFD41" box="[475,556,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[265,1322,629,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[265,1323,624,1844]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Malacoceros indicus. A – E, G – H, voucher specimens (USNM 1096799); F (ZRC 2006.0221). A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, setiger 1, anterior lateral view; D, setiger 2, anterior lateral view; E, setiger 19, lateral view (posterior end to left); F, setiger 79, anterior lateral view; G, hooded hook from posterior setiger; H, posterior setigers and pygidium, lateral view. Scale bars: A – B = 250 µm; C – F = 100 µm; G = 10 µm; H = 125 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176378/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
H, 7G).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31C65276E3C4D66FF2AFD0224B1FA09" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB936AC6E3C4D66FF2AFD0224B1FA09" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3C4D66FF2AFD022512FD6A" bold="true" box="[199,320,671,697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E3C4D66FE2AFD3D260DFD6A" box="[455,607,672,697]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3C4D66FE2AFD3D260DFD6A" box="[455,607,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malacoceros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is composed of 8 recognized species, including one recently described from hydrothermal vent chimney walls (
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E3C4D66FD92FD55272AFD31" author="Hourdez" box="[639,888,712,738]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" refString="Hourdez, S., Desbruyeres, D. &amp; Laubier, L. (2006) Malacoceros samurai, a new species of Spionidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from hydrothermal vent chimney walls on the south East Pacific Rise. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 119, 592 - 599." type="journal article" year="2006">
Hourdez 
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3C4D66FD1DFD552774FD32" box="[752,806,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E3C4D66FC63FD5520D7FD32" box="[910,1157,712,737]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3C4D66FC63FD5520D7FD32" box="[910,1157,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malacoceros indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widely distributed species and the 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FEBFFD6D2598FCD9" box="[338,458,752,778]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippine</collectingCountry>
specimens closely match previous descriptions. However, the neuropodial hooded hooks of the 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FED7FC8525E1FCE1" box="[314,435,792,818]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippine</collectingCountry>
specimens exhibited three secondary teeth while those examined by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E3C4D66FB12FC8521CEFCE1" author="Blake" box="[1279,1436,792,818]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" refString="Blake, J. A. (1996) Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. Including a review of the genera and species from California and a revision of the genus Polydora Bosc, 1802. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 6. The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 81 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1996">Blake (1996)</bibRefCitation>
from California had two secondary teeth and those examined by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E3C4D66FC63FCDD2017FC89" author="Imajima" box="[910,1093,832,858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" refString="Imajima, M. (1991) Spionidae (Annelida Polychaeta) from Japan VI. The Genera Malacoceros and Rhynchospio. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo Series A (Zoology), 17, 5 - 17." type="journal article" year="1991">Imajima (1991)</bibRefCitation>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FB60FCDD2082FC89" box="[1165,1232,832,858]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Japan</collectingCountry>
had four secondary teeth. 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FEE7FCF52579FC51" box="[266,299,872,898]" name="American Samoa" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">As</collectingCountry>
indicated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E3C4D66FE2AFCF52639FC51" author="Foster" box="[455,619,872,898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="32" refString="Foster, N. M. (1971 a) Spionidae (Polychaeta) of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 36, 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1971" yearSuffix="a">Foster (1971a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E3C4D66FD9AFCF526D5FC51" author="Foster" box="[631,647,872,898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="32" refString="Foster, N. M. (1971 b) Redescription of the spionid polychaete Malacoceros (Malacoceros) indicus (Fauvel, 1928). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 28, 1455 - 1457." type="journal article" year="1971" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E3C4D66FD25FCF52731FC51" author="Blake" box="[712,867,872,898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" refString="Blake, J. A. (1996) Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. Including a review of the genera and species from California and a revision of the genus Polydora Bosc, 1802. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 6. The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 81 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1996">Blake (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, the morphology of the hooded hooks is variable within this species. The 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FE5CFC0D267BFC79" box="[433,553,912,938]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippine</collectingCountry>
specimens do not exhibit large rounded lobes in an interparapodial position as found in specimens from California; however, these structures may represent interparapodial pouches that differ in size depending on maturity of the specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E3C4D66FCCCFC7D27FCFC29" author="Blake" box="[801,942,992,1018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="31" refString="Blake, J. A. (1996) Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. Including a review of the genera and species from California and a revision of the genus Polydora Bosc, 1802. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 6. The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 81 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1996">Blake 1996</bibRefCitation>
). This is the first time lateral organs have been found between notopodial and neuropodial postsetal lamellae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E3C4D66FC08FB952036FBF2" box="[997,1124,1032,1057]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3C4D66FC08FB952036FBF2" box="[997,1124,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this is not surprising since no previous taxonomic investigations utilized SEM for examination of this species. Recently, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E3C4D66FADDFBAD2530FBA1" author="Purschke" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" refString="Purschke, G. H. &amp; Hausen, H. (2007) Lateral organs in sedentary polychaetes (Annelida) - Ultrastructure and phylogenetic significance of an insufficiently known sense organ. Acta Zoologica, 88, 23 - 39." type="journal article" year="2007">Purschke &amp; Hausen (2007)</bibRefCitation>
investigated the ultrastructure of lateral organs in members of seven families of polychaetes including the 
<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E3C4D66FED6FB1D25E2FB49" box="[315,432,1152,1178]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Spionidae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E3C4D66FE00FB1D27A3FB49" authority="Claparede, 1886" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1886" box="[493,1009,1152,1178]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3C4D66FE00FB1D275CFB4A" box="[493,782,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malacoceros fuliginosus</emphasis>
(Claparède, 1886)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E3C4D66FC10FB1D2140FB49" author="Dauer" box="[1021,1298,1152,1178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="32" refString="Dauer, D. M. &amp; Ewing, R. M. (1991) Functional morphology and feeding behavior of Malacoceros indicus (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 395 - 400." type="journal article" year="1991">Dauer &amp; Ewing (1991)</bibRefCitation>
studied the palp ciliation patterns of 
<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E3C4D66FE27FB35261BFB12" box="[458,585,1192,1217]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3C4D66FE27FB35261BFB12" box="[458,585,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">M. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with SEM from specimens collected in 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FBD5FB3520F1FB11" box="[1080,1187,1192,1218]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
and found that they exhibited a single group of functional frontal cilia and based on behavioral observations they showed the worms were indiscriminate surface deposit-feeders. 
<taxonomicName id="4C064D2F6E3C4D66FCEEFB6527ABFAC2" box="[771,1017,1272,1297]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Malacoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3C4D66FCEEFB6527ABFAC2" box="[771,1017,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malacoceros indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
apparently shed their palps readily when disturbed (i.e., they are deciduous) since all 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FD06FABD2736FAE9" box="[747,868,1312,1338]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippine</collectingCountry>
specimens except one were lacking these structures. Based on light microscopic examination, this specimen exhibited a single group of frontal cilia as found for specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FE68FAED25A6FA59" box="[389,500,1392,1418]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
; in addition, one worm was also found to possess sand grains in the gut [mean size = 299.6 ± 75.4 µm (n=12)] within the size range of those found in Australian specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EF974B5D6E3C4D66FB0CFA052484FA09" author="Dauer" pageId="12" pageNumber="32" refString="Dauer, D. M. &amp; Ewing, R. M. (1991) Functional morphology and feeding behavior of Malacoceros indicus (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 48, 395 - 400." type="journal article" year="1991">Dauer &amp; Ewing 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31C65276E3C4D66FF2AFA7A26D5F981" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB936AC6E3C4D66FF2AFA7A26D5F981" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B972EABE6E3C4D66FF2AFA7A2535F9D2" bold="true" box="[199,359,1511,1537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</emphasis>
Sandy beaches in Boracay of the Aklan province in the 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FBE1FA7520C6F9D1" box="[1036,1172,1512,1538]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippines</collectingCountry>
; shallow subtidal (&lt;
<quantity id="4CFE9B496E3C4D66FA60FA7524E0F9F9" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
); Caribbean; 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FEBCF98D25C6F9F9" box="[337,404,1552,1578]" name="Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chile</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FE4FF98D25B0F9F9" box="[418,482,1552,1578]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">India</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FE03F98D26FBF9F9" box="[494,681,1552,1578]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FD5BF98D27D1F9F9" box="[694,899,1552,1578]" name="Namibia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">southwest Africa</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FC62F98D27A8F9F9" box="[911,1018,1552,1578]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
(Queensland); 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FB5FF98D20AAF9F9" box="[1202,1272,1552,1578]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Japan</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FAEBF98D2113F9F9" box="[1286,1345,1552,1578]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
(southern California, Massachusetts to 
<collectingCountry id="F311763C6E3C4D66FDF5F9A52629F981" box="[536,635,1592,1618]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Georgia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>