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<document id="5D8F5EE9DA4A38C9DF85C0DF5830F77C" ID-CLB-Dataset="37320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A8001077E8FF6CFF14A6589389F9CB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Plakortis angulospiculatus Carter 1879" docType="treatment" docVersion="20" lastPageNumber="193" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="192" updateTime="1698435695899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A1C67C9F5CBC23958377FCCBED9C1260">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8BBB673EF16E07BA326816CF4867E302">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03A8001077E8FF6CFF14A6589389F9CB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3511119" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3511119" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077E8FF6CFF14A6589389F9CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8001077E8FF6CFF14A6589389F9CB" lastPageId="192" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77E8FF13FF14A6589139FAF4" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677E8FF13FF14A65892EDFAD7" blockId="191.[151,656,1331,1390]" box="[151,656,1331,1357]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<heading id="D0F6066A77E8FF13FF14A65892EDFAD7" bold="true" box="[151,656,1331,1357]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577E8FF13FF14A65892EDFAD7" ID-CoL="4JJ2C" authority="Carter, 1879" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,656,1331,1357]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulospiculatus">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FF14A65892EDFAD7" bold="true" box="[151,656,1331,1357]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FF14A65891A7FAD7" bold="true" box="[151,474,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Plakortis angulospiculatus</emphasis>
(Carter, 1879)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677E8FF13FF14A63E9139FAF4" blockId="191.[151,656,1331,1390]" box="[151,324,1365,1390]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377E8FF13FF14A63E9167FAF4" box="[151,282,1365,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 121" captionStartId="192.[151,250,1141,1163]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1119]" captionTargetId="figure@192.[151,1436,193,1119]" captionTargetPageId="192" captionText="FIGURE 121. Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9918 (scale bar = 1 cm), b d, SEM figures of the spicules, b, larger diods, c, smaller diods, d, triod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273071/files/figure.png" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Figures 121</figureCitation>
ad
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77E8FF13FF14A6F691CDFA6A" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677E8FF13FF14A6F6932EFA29" blockId="191.[151,1436,1437,1520]" box="[151,851,1437,1459]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11962877E8FF13FF14A6F6932EFA29" box="[151,851,1437,1459]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577E8FF13FF14A6F69210FA29" authority="Carter, 1879a: 346" authorityName="Carter" authorityPageNumber="346" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,621,1437,1459]" class="Demospongiae" family="Suberitidae" genus="Suberites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulospiculatus">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FF14A6F691D5FA29" box="[151,424,1437,1459]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Suberites angulospiculatus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777E8FF13FE2CA6F69210FA29" author="Carter" box="[431,621,1437,1459]" page="346" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" year="1879">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777E8FF13FE2CA6F69246FA29" author="Carter" box="[431,571,1437,1459]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refString="Carter, H. J. (1879 a) Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 3, 284 - 304, 343 - 360." type="journal article" year="1879" yearSuffix="a">Carter, 1879a</bibRefCitation>
: 346
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. XXVIII figs 8ab.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677E8FF13FF14A6D791CDFA6A" blockId="191.[151,1436,1437,1520]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11962877E8FF13FF14A6D791CDFA6A" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577E8FF13FF14A6D791D4FA48" ID-CoL="4JJ2C" box="[151,425,1468,1490]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulospiculatus">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FF14A6D791D4FA48" box="[151,425,1468,1490]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Plakortis angulospiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Van Soest 1981: 3;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777E8FF13FD07A6D69360FA48" author="Zea" box="[644,797,1468,1490]" page="222" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777E8FF13FD07A6D69294FA48" author="Zea" box="[644,745,1468,1490]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientific, Bogot, Colombia, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 222
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 81, Pl. 13 figs 67;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777E8FF13FBA7A6D6952CFA48" author="Moraes" box="[1060,1361,1468,1490]" page="386" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777E8FF13FBA7A6D69560FA48" author="Moraes" box="[1060,1309,1468,1490]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refString="Moraes, F. C. &amp; Muricy, G. (2003) Taxonomy of Plakortis and Plakinastrella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from oceanic islands off north-eastern Brazil, with description of three new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83 (2), 385 - 397." type="journal article" year="2003">Moraes &amp; Muricy 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 386
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 2;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777E8FF13FF44A6B191D0FA6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3506433" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3506433" author="Rutzler" box="[199,429,1498,1520]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C23A87C6FFBCFFD7FF11FF081FACFC16" page="16" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777E8FF13FF44A6B191FAFA6A" author="Rutzler" box="[199,391,1498,1520]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Rützler
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FE9BA6B09136FA6A" box="[280,331,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
: 16
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77E8FF13FF14A57693C6F9C0" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677E8FF13FF14A57693C6F9C0" blockId="191.[151,1436,1565,2022]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B77E8FF13FF14A57693CAF9C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726528" collectingDate="1969-04-16" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Luymes O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="130" latitude="7.3083" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.1667" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FF14A5769101F9AC" bold="true" box="[151,380,1565,1590]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<collectionCode id="ED1029C377E8FF13FE0EA575919CF9AF" box="[397,481,1566,1589]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9918,
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677E8FF13FDE8A57692A4F9AC" box="[619,729,1565,1590]" name="Suriname" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Suriname</collectingCountry>
,
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077E8FF13FD68A57593CEF9AC" box="[747,947,1566,1590]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Luymes O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
II
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677E8FF13FC5AA575944DF9AC" box="[985,1072,1566,1590]" name="Guyana" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station M97,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C177E8FF13FF14A5299179F9C0" box="[151,260,1602,1626]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" precision="5" value="7.3083">7.3083°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C177E8FF13FE89A52A91F6F9C0" box="[266,395,1601,1626]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" precision="5" value="-54.1667">54.1667°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE377E8FF13FE5FA5299258F9C3" box="[476,549,1602,1626]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="130.0">
<elevation id="002C563577E8FF13FE5FA5299258F9C3" box="[476,549,1602,1626]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom coarse sand,
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E77E8FF13FC94A52A93CAF9C0" box="[791,951,1601,1626]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" value="1969-04-16">
<date id="FFBF97C677E8FF13FC94A52A93CAF9C0" box="[791,951,1601,1626]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" value="1969-04-16">16 April 1969</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77E8FF13FF44A50E911AF804" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677E8FF13FF44A50E93BBF95C" blockId="191.[151,1436,1565,2022]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FF44A50E912CF9E4" bold="true" box="[199,337,1637,1662]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Description</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377E8FF13FEEEA50E91ACF9E4" box="[365,465,1637,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 121" captionStartId="192.[151,250,1141,1163]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1119]" captionTargetId="figure@192.[151,1436,193,1119]" captionTargetPageId="192" captionText="FIGURE 121. Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9918 (scale bar = 1 cm), b d, SEM figures of the spicules, b, larger diods, c, smaller diods, d, triod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273071/files/figure.png" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
a) Pale beige (in alcohol), massive fragments, size of largest 5
<date id="FFBF97C677E8FF13FB4CA50D9553F9E4" box="[1231,1326,1638,1662]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
x 3 x
<quantity id="4CF91CE377E8FF13FAA3A50D9553F9E4" box="[1312,1326,1638,1662]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" unit="cm" value="2.0">2</quantity>
</date>
cm. The fragments are overgrown by a crust with digitations of
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577E8FF13FC8DA5E294E0F938" box="[782,1181,1673,1698]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flagellifera" subGenus="Gellius">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FC8DA5E29397F938" box="[782,1002,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Haliclona (Gellius)</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FBA2A5E294E0F938" box="[1057,1181,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">flagellifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which likely affected color and surface characteristics.
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE477E8FF13FD8EA5C59252F95F" box="[525,559,1710,1733]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">No</collectingRegion>
apparent oscules. Consistency firm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677E8FF13FF44A5BA9082F894" blockId="191.[151,1436,1565,2022]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FF44A5BA9153F970" bold="true" box="[199,302,1745,1770]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Skeleton</emphasis>
. Surface skeleton consists of a tangential crust pierced by regularly distributed pores, 80250 µm in diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677E8FF13FF44A4729209F8A8" blockId="191.[151,1436,1565,2022]" box="[199,628,1817,1842]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FF44A4729154F8A8" bold="true" box="[199,297,1817,1842]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Spicules</emphasis>
. (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377E8FF13FEBDA47291E2F8A8" box="[318,415,1817,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 121" captionStartId="192.[151,250,1141,1163]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1119]" captionTargetId="figure@192.[151,1436,193,1119]" captionTargetPageId="192" captionText="FIGURE 121. Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9918 (scale bar = 1 cm), b d, SEM figures of the spicules, b, larger diods, c, smaller diods, d, triod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273071/files/figure.png" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Figs 121</figureCitation>
bd) Diods, triods.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677E8FF13FF44A4569502F8CF" blockId="191.[151,1436,1565,2022]" box="[199,1407,1853,1878]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
Diods robust, in a large size variation (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377E8FF13FDFBA45692A6F8CC" box="[632,731,1853,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 121" captionStartId="192.[151,250,1141,1163]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1119]" captionTargetId="figure@192.[151,1436,193,1119]" captionTargetPageId="192" captionText="FIGURE 121. Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9918 (scale bar = 1 cm), b d, SEM figures of the spicules, b, larger diods, c, smaller diods, d, triod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273071/files/figure.png" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Figs 121</figureCitation>
bc), but no clear size categories, 57
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FB01A45594D1F8CC" box="[1154,1196,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">134</emphasis>
202
<date id="FFBF97C677E8FF13FB68A4559570F8CC" box="[1259,1293,1854,1878]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">x 2</date>
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FA9FA4559542F8CC" box="[1308,1343,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">5.1</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CF91CE377E8FF13FACCA4559506F8CF" box="[1359,1403,1854,1878]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677E8FF13FF44A40A911AF804" blockId="191.[151,1436,1565,2022]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
Triods (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377E8FF13FEA0A40A91FAF8E0" box="[291,391,1889,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 121" captionStartId="192.[151,250,1141,1163]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1119]" captionTargetId="figure@192.[151,1436,193,1119]" captionTargetPageId="192" captionText="FIGURE 121. Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9918 (scale bar = 1 cm), b d, SEM figures of the spicules, b, larger diods, c, smaller diods, d, triod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273071/files/figure.png" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
d), both equiangular and Y-shaped forms, actines 21
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FC7EA4099453F8E0" box="[1021,1070,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">44.1</emphasis>
<date id="FFBF97C677E8FF13FBBFA40994FAF8E0" box="[1084,1159,1890,1914]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" value="1972-10-01">72 x 1</date>
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FB19A40994C0F8E0" box="[1178,1213,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">3.4</emphasis>
5 µm (cladomes 39
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FF42A4EE908FF804" box="[193,242,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">69.5</emphasis>
123 µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77E8FF13FF44A4C29098F87F" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677E8FF13FF44A4C29098F87F" blockId="191.[151,1436,1565,2022]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477E8FF13FF44A4C29192F858" bold="true" box="[199,495,1961,1986]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677E8FF13FE7CA4C1922BF858" box="[511,598,1962,1986]" name="Guyana" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf,
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677E8FF13FD29A4C2937AF858" box="[682,775,1961,1986]" name="Jamaica" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677E8FF13FC96A4C19308F858" box="[789,885,1962,1986]" name="Curaçao" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677E8FF13FC01A4C2938EF858" box="[898,1011,1961,1986]" name="Colombia" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677E8FF13FB83A4C29437F858" box="[1024,1098,1961,1986]" name="Belize" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE477E8FF13FB83A4C29437F858" box="[1024,1098,1961,1986]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="191" pageNumber="192">Belize</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
, from shallow water down to
<specimenCount id="9D077A8F77E8FF13FF14A4A59098F87F" box="[151,229,1998,2022]" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CF91CE377E8FF13FF14A4A5909CF87F" box="[151,225,1998,2022]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="191" pageNumber="192" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7EE18E7797FF6CFF14A71E92ADFB33" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273071/files/figure.png" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1119]" targetPageId="192">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067797FF6CFF14A71E92ADFB33" blockId="192.[151,1436,1140,1193]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFF14A71E9151FB10" bold="true" box="[151,300,1141,1163]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">FIGURE 121.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857797FF6CFEB0A71F92A7FB10" authority="(Carter, 1879)" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1879" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[307,730,1140,1162]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulospiculatus">
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFEB0A71F923EFB10" box="[307,579,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Plakortis angulospiculatus</emphasis>
(Carter, 1879)
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9918 (scale bar = 1 cm), bd, SEM figures of the spicules, b, larger diods, c, smaller diods, d, triod.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7797FF6CFF44A7BB9389F9CB" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067797FF6CFF44A7BB93FCFAAB" blockId="192.[151,1437,1232,1617]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFF44A7BB9149FB73" bold="true" box="[199,308,1232,1257]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Remarks</emphasis>
. In the key to the
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE47797FF6CFD8AA7BB9221FB73" box="[521,604,1232,1257]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Central</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE47797FF6CFDE7A7BA92E6FB72" box="[612,667,1233,1256]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">West</collectingRegion>
Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857797FF6CFC84A7BB9313FB73" box="[775,878,1232,1257]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFC84A7BB9313FB73" box="[775,878,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Plakortis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77797FF6CFBE2A7BB951AFB73" author="Ereskovsky" box="[1121,1383,1232,1257]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" refString="Ereskovsky, A. V., Lavrov, D. V. &amp; Willenz, P. (2014) Five new species of Homoscleromorpha (Porifera) from the Caribbean Sea and re-description of Plakina jamaicensis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 94 (2), 285 - 307." type="journal article" year="2014">
Ereskovsky
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFB6FA7B9955BFB73" box="[1260,1318,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
(pp. 303304) the present specimen keys out as
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857797FF6CFD27A79F94E8FA97" authority="Carter, 1879a" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1879" box="[676,1173,1268,1293]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulospiculatus">
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFD27A79F93A8FA97" box="[676,981,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Plakortis angulospiculatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77797FF6CFC69A79E94F0FA97" author="Carter" box="[1002,1165,1269,1293]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" refString="Carter, H. J. (1879 a) Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 3, 284 - 304, 343 - 360." type="journal article" year="1879" yearSuffix="a">Carter, 1879a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Few other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857797FF6CFF14A6739083FAAB" box="[151,254,1304,1329]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFF14A6739083FAAB" box="[151,254,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Plakortis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have diods larger than 200 µm as found in my specimen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067797FF6CFF44A65795F6FA07" blockId="192.[151,1437,1232,1617]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
Several more species have been described from NE
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967797FF6CFC8EA657932CFACF" box="[781,849,1340,1365]" name="Brazil" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Domingos
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFC5FA6559469FACF" box="[988,1044,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
2013), but all these have distinctly smaller diods. Brazilian records of
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857797FF6CFDA7A60B932CFAE3" box="[548,849,1376,1401]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulospiculatus">
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFDA7A60B932CFAE3" box="[548,849,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Plakortis angulospiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf. Muricy
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFC62A6099467FAE3" box="[993,1050,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
2011) may belong to one of these new species, at least it is likely that not all belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857797FF6CFD65A6ED93BCFA07" box="[742,961,1412,1437]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulospiculatus">
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFD65A6ED93BCFA07" box="[742,961,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">P. angulospiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so their presence is here left undecided.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067797FF6CFF44A6C29389F9CB" blockId="192.[151,1437,1232,1617]" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">
We noticed a few small spheres (710 µm diameter), the significance of which is unclear. Muricy (2011) was the first to report the presence of these spicules in Australian
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857797FF6CFCCDA6A793C8FA7F" box="[846,949,1484,1509]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="192" pageNumber="193" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFCCDA6A793C8FA7F" box="[846,949,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">Plakortis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, and subsequently also found them in Brazilian species (Domingos
<emphasis id="B9756D147797FF6CFD82A6999246F993" box="[513,571,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
2013). It remains to be decided if the presence of these, usually uncommon, spheres has taxonomic significance, as there is a distinct possibility that they are a product of high environmental silica content, or more simple spicular reduction (in this case reduced diods).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>