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<document id="ED6748758AF904B16FA7CB20ADAE558C" ID-CLB-Dataset="27091" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.2645302" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0aaba6ec-9b0d-49be-8ffa-36aedb1720b2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2645302" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1555587373148" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kajihara, Hiroshi" docDate="2006" docId="03825157FF935642FB3F91EEFC3AFAF4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01163p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1163" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hubrechtella ijimai Kajihara 2006, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFBB292FFF885666FA379272FFA2FFAF" masterDocTitle="Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698722361244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="480C8F22C6A090E6B1614333791F2246">Four palaeonemerteans (Nemertea: Anopla) from a tidal flat in middle Honshu, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AAD0E47DD014B56B159A2ED154AD6287">Kajihara, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0BADE0CDDF6D6541757FB93BD39BC1F3">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03825157FF935642FB3F91EEFC3AFAF4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159326407" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03825157FF935642FB3F91EEFC3AFAF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03825157FF935642FB3F91EEFC3AFAF4" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFF93567DFB3F91EEFBA2FC19" box="[264,1024,924,950]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF93567DFB3F91EEFBA2FC19" blockId="27.[264,1320,924,1177]" box="[264,1024,924,950]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DFB3F91EEFBA2FC19" bold="true" box="[264,1024,924,950]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DFB3F91EEFD76FC19" authority="(Takakura, 1922)" authorityName="Kajihara" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Takakura" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[264,724,924,950]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DFB3F91EEFE57FC19" bold="true" box="[264,501,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hubrechtella ijimai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF93567DF83391EEFD69FC19" author="Takakura, U." box="[516,715,924,950]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura, 1922</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C8128FF93567DF8EC91EEFCC3FC19" box="[731,865,924,950]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF93567DF94691EEFC5AFC19" box="[881,1016,924,950]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 15" captionStart-1="FIGURE 16" captionStart-2="FIGURE 17" captionStart-3="FIGURE 18" captionStart-4="FIGURE 19" captionStartId-0="28.[264,357,1699,1720]" captionStartId-1="29.[264,357,1503,1524]" captionStartId-2="30.[264,357,1330,1351]" captionStartId-3="32.[264,357,1428,1449]" captionStartId-4="33.[264,357,1440,1461]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1493,284,1678]" captionTargetBox-1="[313,1273,719,1488]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetBox-3="[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetBox-4="[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetId-0="figure@28.[264,1323,280,1678]" captionTargetId-1="figure@29.[264,1323,713,1494]" captionTargetId-2="figure@30.[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetId-3="figure@32.[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetId-4="figure@33.[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetPageId-0="28" captionTargetPageId-1="29" captionTargetPageId-2="30" captionTargetPageId-3="32" captionTargetPageId-4="33" captionText-0="FIGURE 15. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov. A, photograph of a body fragment containing the head, taken in life (ZIHU­3122, female). B, photograph of a body fragment containing the tail, taken in life (ZIHU­3123, female). C, transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing some of the epidermal glandular cell types (ZIHU­3122, female). D, transverse section showing the lateral nerve cord; arrowhead indicates the giant fibre (ZIHU­3122, female). BM, basement membrane; EP, epidermis; LN, lateral nerve cord; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; T1, type 1 glandular cell; T2, type 2 glandular cell; T3, type 3 glandular cell; T5, type 5 glandular cell." captionText-1="FIGURE 16. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female, drawing of a transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing the arrangement of internal organs. BM, basement membrane; DV, mid­dorsal vessel; EP, epidermis; IN, intestine; LL, lateral blood lacuna; LM, body­wall longitudinal muscle layer; LN, lateral nerve cord; LV, lateral blood vessel; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; PR, proboscis; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." captionText-2="FIGURE 17. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates innervation from the subepidermal neuroglandular layer to the rhynchodaeum (RD). B, transverse section near the proboscis insertion, showing the inner (IB) and outer (OB) basement membranes, the former is about to disappear, while the latter become thicker, posteriorly. C, transverse section through the foregut region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). D, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). E, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates a connective tissue process from the inner to the outer basement membranes. AG, acidophilic glandular cell; BG, basophilic glandular cell; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; RC, rhynchocoel; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." captionText-3="FIGURE 18. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the first region of the proboscis. B, transverse section through the second region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate spherical bodies. C, enlargement of the muscle cross in B. D, transverse section through the third region of the proboscis. E, transverse section through the fourth region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate acidophilic spherules. MC, muscle cross in proboscis; PE, proboscis epithelium; PI, proboscis inner circular muscle layer; PL, proboscis longitudinal muscle layer; PN, nervous layer in proboscis; PO, proboscis outer circular muscle layer." captionText-4="FIGURE 19. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the intestinal region; arrowheads indicate the basophilic cells in the intestinal wall around the mid­dorsal vessel. B, transverse section through the cerebral sensory organs (CO). CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DV, mid­dorsal vessel; IN, intestine; LV, lateral blood vessel; OV, ovum; PR, proboscis; RC, rhynchocoel; RM, proboscis retractor muscle; VG, ventral ganglion." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2645339/files/figure.svg" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2645341/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2645343/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/2645345/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/2645349/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 15–19</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFF93567DFB3F91CDFD9BFC7A" box="[264,569,958,982]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF93567DFB3F91CDFD9BFC7A" blockId="27.[264,1320,924,1177]" box="[264,569,958,982]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DFB3F91CDFD9BFC7A" authority="Takakura, 1922" authorityName="Takakura" authorityYear="1922" box="[264,569,958,982]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Hubrechtellidae" genus="Coeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DFB3F91CDFE2EFC79" box="[264,396,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Coeia ijimai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FF93567DFBA391CCFD9BFC7A" author="Takakura, U." box="[404,569,958,981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFF93567DFB3F91ADFC46FB36" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF93567DFB3F91ADFEDDFC57" blockId="27.[264,1320,924,1177]" box="[264,383,991,1016]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DFB3F91ADFEDDFC57" box="[264,383,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF93567DFB0F9675FC46FB36" blockId="27.[264,1320,924,1177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF93567DFB0F9675FE73FB8F" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1902" box="[312,465,1031,1056]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DFB0F9675FE73FB8F" box="[312,465,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hubrechtella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a long ‘tail’; body­wall musculature without zigzag fibres; probos­ cis musculature with inner circular, middle longitudinal, and outer circular layers, with single muscle cross; proboscis epithelium with spherical bodies; mid­dorsal blood vessel penetrating into rhynchocoel; foregut lacunar network present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFF935644FB3F96BDFCC9F979" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF93567DFB3F96BDFE44FB47" blockId="27.[264,1321,1231,1457]" box="[264,486,1231,1256]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DFB3F96BDFE44FB47" box="[264,486,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF93567DFB0F9685FC6EFA1E" blockId="27.[264,1321,1231,1457]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
ZIHU­3122, female,
<date id="FF95C681FF93567DF8069685FD6FFABE" box="[561,717,1271,1297]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2003-07-31">31 July 2003</date>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33CA0D1FF93567DF8ED9685FCA6FABE" box="[730,772,1271,1297]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">HK</collectingCountry>
coll., 55 slides, series of 6­µm transverse sections of a fragment of body containing cephalic tip; ZIHU­3124, female,
<date id="FF95C681FF93567DFE46976DFA86FA96" box="[1137,1316,1311,1337]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2003-08-01">1 August 2003</date>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33CA0D1FF93567DFB3F9735FE90FACE" box="[264,306,1351,1377]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">HK</collectingCountry>
coll., 38 + 52 slides, series of 6­µm transverse sections of a complete specimen except middle portion; ZIHU­3126, female,
<date id="FF95C681FF93567DF88E971DFCC5FA26" box="[697,871,1391,1417]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2003-08-01">1 August 2003</date>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33CA0D1FF93567DF945971DFC3EFA26" box="[882,924,1391,1417]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">HK</collectingCountry>
coll., 39 slides, 8­µm serial transverse sections of a body fragment containing the caudal end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF93567DFB3F9795FE73F9AF" blockId="27.[264,1323,1511,1857]" box="[264,465,1511,1536]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF93567DFB3F9795FE73F9AF" box="[264,465,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">External features</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF93567DFB0F947DFDAAF8EE" blockId="27.[264,1323,1511,1857]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
The body is
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FF93567DFBFC947DFD81F986" box="[459,547,1551,1577]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 cm</quantity>
long, about 0.7 mm wide, translucent white in colour (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF93567DFE99947DFABEF986" box="[1198,1308,1551,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[264,357,1699,1720]" captionTargetBox="[264,1493,284,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[264,1323,280,1678]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov. A, photograph of a body fragment containing the head, taken in life (ZIHU­3122, female). B, photograph of a body fragment containing the tail, taken in life (ZIHU­3123, female). C, transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing some of the epidermal glandular cell types (ZIHU­3122, female). D, transverse section showing the lateral nerve cord; arrowhead indicates the giant fibre (ZIHU­3122, female). BM, basement membrane; EP, epidermis; LN, lateral nerve cord; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; T1, type 1 glandular cell; T2, type 2 glandular cell; T3, type 3 glandular cell; T5, type 5 glandular cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645339/files/figure.svg" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
). The head is much more transparent than the following portion, wider than the neck; the rhynchodaeum seen through the epidermis is white, cone shaped, tapering anteriorly. When put in a Petri dish with seawater, the animal showed searching behaviour, frequently swinging the head from side to side. The ovaries are tinged with a greyish colour. There is a transparent ‘tail’ region that contains neither intestine nor gonads; it tapers posteriorly to end in a pointed tip (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF93567DF835948DFDCCF8B6" box="[514,622,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[264,357,1699,1720]" captionTargetBox="[264,1493,284,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[264,1323,280,1678]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov. A, photograph of a body fragment containing the head, taken in life (ZIHU­3122, female). B, photograph of a body fragment containing the tail, taken in life (ZIHU­3123, female). C, transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing some of the epidermal glandular cell types (ZIHU­3122, female). D, transverse section showing the lateral nerve cord; arrowhead indicates the giant fibre (ZIHU­3122, female). BM, basement membrane; EP, epidermis; LN, lateral nerve cord; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; T1, type 1 glandular cell; T2, type 2 glandular cell; T3, type 3 glandular cell; T5, type 5 glandular cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645339/files/figure.svg" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
). The tail is at least 10 times as long as the diameter of its most anterior portion.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF54B0C9FF94567AFB3F94D1FC23F8C7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645339/files/figure.svg" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[264,357,1699,1720]" targetBox="[264,1493,284,1678]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF94567AFB3F94D1FC23F8C7" blockId="28.[264,1323,1699,1896]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF94567AFB3F94D1FE28F917" bold="true" box="[264,394,1699,1720]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF94567AFBA694D6FD58F917" authority="(Takakura, 1922)" authorityName="Kajihara" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Takakura" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[401,762,1699,1721]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF94567AFBA694D6FDECF916" box="[401,590,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hubrechtella ijimai</emphasis>
(Takakura, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C8128FF94567AF93694D1FCCEF917" box="[769,876,1699,1720]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A, photograph of a body fragment containing the head, taken in life (ZIHU­3122, female). B, photograph of a body fragment containing the tail, taken in life (ZIHU­3123, female). C, transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing some of the epidermal glandular cell types (ZIHU­3122, female). D, transverse section showing the lateral nerve cord; arrowhead indicates the giant fibre (ZIHU­3122, female). BM, basement membrane; EP, epidermis; LN, lateral nerve cord; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; T1, type 1 glandular cell; T2, type 2 glandular cell; T3, type 3 glandular cell; T5, type 5 glandular cell.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF95567BFB3F936EFD45FE9A" blockId="29.[264,1323,284,670]" box="[264,743,284,309]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF95567BFB3F936EFD45FE9A" box="[264,743,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Body wall, musculature and parenchyma</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF95567BFB0F9336FE24FD31" blockId="29.[264,1323,284,670]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The ciliated epidermis (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF95567BF87B9336FD02FEF1" box="[588,672,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,357,1503,1524]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,719,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[264,1323,713,1494]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female, drawing of a transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing the arrangement of internal organs. BM, basement membrane; DV, mid­dorsal vessel; EP, epidermis; IN, intestine; LL, lateral blood lacuna; LM, body­wall longitudinal muscle layer; LN, lateral nerve cord; LV, lateral blood vessel; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; PR, proboscis; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645341/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) is up to
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FF95567BF93B9336FC27FEF1" box="[780,901,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 µm</quantity>
thick in the brain region,
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FF95567BFE869336FA8BFEF1" box="[1201,1321,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="52.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="45.0">45–60 µm</quantity>
thick in the foregut region, reduced posteriorly to
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FF95567BF962931EFC6CFE29" box="[853,974,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 µm</quantity>
thick in the intestinal region.
<typeStatus id="54905EE3FF95567BFB3F93E6FEE0FE01" box="[264,322,404,430]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
1 cells are confined to the anterior portion of the foregut­intestine transitional zone (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF95567BFB2693CEFEDFFE79" box="[273,381,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[264,357,1699,1720]" captionTargetBox="[264,1493,284,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[264,1323,280,1678]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov. A, photograph of a body fragment containing the head, taken in life (ZIHU­3122, female). B, photograph of a body fragment containing the tail, taken in life (ZIHU­3123, female). C, transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing some of the epidermal glandular cell types (ZIHU­3122, female). D, transverse section showing the lateral nerve cord; arrowhead indicates the giant fibre (ZIHU­3122, female). BM, basement membrane; EP, epidermis; LN, lateral nerve cord; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; T1, type 1 glandular cell; T2, type 2 glandular cell; T3, type 3 glandular cell; T5, type 5 glandular cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645339/files/figure.svg" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
);
<typeStatus id="54905EE3FF95567BFBA393CEFE65FE79" box="[404,455,444,470]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
2 cells predominate throughout the body (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF95567BF9F793CEFB8EFE79" box="[960,1068,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[264,357,1699,1720]" captionTargetBox="[264,1493,284,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[264,1323,280,1678]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov. A, photograph of a body fragment containing the head, taken in life (ZIHU­3122, female). B, photograph of a body fragment containing the tail, taken in life (ZIHU­3123, female). C, transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing some of the epidermal glandular cell types (ZIHU­3122, female). D, transverse section showing the lateral nerve cord; arrowhead indicates the giant fibre (ZIHU­3122, female). BM, basement membrane; EP, epidermis; LN, lateral nerve cord; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; T1, type 1 glandular cell; T2, type 2 glandular cell; T3, type 3 glandular cell; T5, type 5 glandular cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645339/files/figure.svg" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
);
<typeStatus id="54905EE3FF95567BFE7493CEFBD7FE79" box="[1091,1141,444,470]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
3 cells are distributed post­cerebrally (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF95567BF8069396FD3DFE51" box="[561,671,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[264,357,1699,1720]" captionTargetBox="[264,1493,284,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[264,1323,280,1678]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov. A, photograph of a body fragment containing the head, taken in life (ZIHU­3122, female). B, photograph of a body fragment containing the tail, taken in life (ZIHU­3123, female). C, transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing some of the epidermal glandular cell types (ZIHU­3122, female). D, transverse section showing the lateral nerve cord; arrowhead indicates the giant fibre (ZIHU­3122, female). BM, basement membrane; EP, epidermis; LN, lateral nerve cord; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; T1, type 1 glandular cell; T2, type 2 glandular cell; T3, type 3 glandular cell; T5, type 5 glandular cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645339/files/figure.svg" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
);
<typeStatus id="54905EE3FF95567BF88F9396FD48FE51" box="[696,746,484,510]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
4 cells not found;
<typeStatus id="54905EE3FF95567BF9E19396FBAAFE51" box="[982,1032,484,510]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
5 cells are thinner than
<typeStatus id="54905EE3FF95567BFB3F907EFE98FD89" box="[264,314,524,550]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
2 cells, distributed ventrolaterally in the intestinal region (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF95567BFE3D907EFBD8FD89" box="[1034,1146,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[264,357,1699,1720]" captionTargetBox="[264,1493,284,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[264,1323,280,1678]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov. A, photograph of a body fragment containing the head, taken in life (ZIHU­3122, female). B, photograph of a body fragment containing the tail, taken in life (ZIHU­3123, female). C, transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing some of the epidermal glandular cell types (ZIHU­3122, female). D, transverse section showing the lateral nerve cord; arrowhead indicates the giant fibre (ZIHU­3122, female). BM, basement membrane; EP, epidermis; LN, lateral nerve cord; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; T1, type 1 glandular cell; T2, type 2 glandular cell; T3, type 3 glandular cell; T5, type 5 glandular cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645339/files/figure.svg" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF95567BFEA5907EFB06FD8A" box="[1170,1188,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">E</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF95567BFE8E907EFB6AFD8A" box="[1209,1224,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">b</emphasis>
) = 0.07 (ZIHU­3122), 0.11 (ZIHU­3124);
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF95567BF8AB9046FD0CFDE2" box="[668,686,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">E</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF95567BF8889046FD65FDE2" box="[703,711,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">i</emphasis>
) = 0.04 (ZIHU­3122; the epidermis in the intestinal region was largely sloughed off during fixation or histological preparation in ZIHU­3124 and 3126).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF54B0C9FF95567BFB3F97ADFC26F9DA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645341/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[264,357,1503,1524]" targetBox="[313,1273,719,1488]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF95567BFB3F97ADFC26F9DA" blockId="29.[264,1325,1503,1653]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF95567BFB3F97ADFE28FA5B" bold="true" box="[264,394,1503,1524]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF95567BFBA59792FD59FA5A" authority="(Takakura, 1922)" authorityName="Kajihara" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Takakura" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[402,763,1504,1525]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF95567BFBA59792FDECFA5A" box="[402,590,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hubrechtella ijimai</emphasis>
(Takakura, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C8128FF95567BF9359792FCD2FA5A" box="[770,880,1504,1525]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ZIHU­3122, female, drawing of a transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing the arrangement of internal organs. BM, basement membrane; DV, mid­dorsal vessel; EP, epidermis; IN, intestine; LL, lateral blood lacuna; LM, body­wall longitudinal muscle layer; LN, lateral nerve cord; LV, lateral blood vessel; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; PR, proboscis; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF955678FB0F94DAFD1EFD89" blockId="29.[264,1323,1704,1890]" lastBlockId="30.[264,1323,284,550]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The basement membrane is best developed in the brain region, where it reaches a thickness of up to
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FF95567BFBC794A2FD91F945" box="[496,563,1744,1770]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 µm</quantity>
thick. At the tip of the head, a thin basement membrane lies between the neuro­glandular layer and the body­wall circular muscle layer (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF95567BFE9B948AFABCF8BD" box="[1196,1310,1784,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[264,357,1330,1351]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates innervation from the subepidermal neuroglandular layer to the rhynchodaeum (RD). B, transverse section near the proboscis insertion, showing the inner (IB) and outer (OB) basement membranes, the former is about to disappear, while the latter become thicker, posteriorly. C, transverse section through the foregut region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). D, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). E, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates a connective tissue process from the inner to the outer basement membranes. AG, acidophilic glandular cell; BG, basophilic glandular cell; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; RC, rhynchocoel; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645343/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
). This basement membrane becomes very inconspicuous in front of the proboscis insertion, while another basement membrane appears between the epidermis and the neuro­glandular layer (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF965678FB63936EFE63FE99" box="[340,449,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[264,357,1330,1351]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates innervation from the subepidermal neuroglandular layer to the rhynchodaeum (RD). B, transverse section near the proboscis insertion, showing the inner (IB) and outer (OB) basement membranes, the former is about to disappear, while the latter become thicker, posteriorly. C, transverse section through the foregut region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). D, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). E, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates a connective tissue process from the inner to the outer basement membranes. AG, acidophilic glandular cell; BG, basophilic glandular cell; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; RC, rhynchocoel; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645343/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
). Post­cerebrally, this basement membrane continues between the epidermis and the neuro­fibrous layer (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF965678F8BD9336FD54FEF1" box="[650,758,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[264,357,1330,1351]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates innervation from the subepidermal neuroglandular layer to the rhynchodaeum (RD). B, transverse section near the proboscis insertion, showing the inner (IB) and outer (OB) basement membranes, the former is about to disappear, while the latter become thicker, posteriorly. C, transverse section through the foregut region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). D, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). E, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates a connective tissue process from the inner to the outer basement membranes. AG, acidophilic glandular cell; BG, basophilic glandular cell; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; RC, rhynchocoel; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645343/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
); it becomes inverted with the latter in the anterior intestinal region, where the body wall is composed, from the surface inwards, of the epidermis, the neuro­fibrous layer, the basement membrane, and the body­wall musculature (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF965678FB7193CEFE16FE79" box="[326,436,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[264,357,1330,1351]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates innervation from the subepidermal neuroglandular layer to the rhynchodaeum (RD). B, transverse section near the proboscis insertion, showing the inner (IB) and outer (OB) basement membranes, the former is about to disappear, while the latter become thicker, posteriorly. C, transverse section through the foregut region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). D, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). E, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates a connective tissue process from the inner to the outer basement membranes. AG, acidophilic glandular cell; BG, basophilic glandular cell; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; RC, rhynchocoel; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645343/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
). In the pre­cerebral region, processes extend from inner to outer basement membranes through the neuro­glandular layer (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF965678F9199396FC35FE51" box="[814,919,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[264,357,1330,1351]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates innervation from the subepidermal neuroglandular layer to the rhynchodaeum (RD). B, transverse section near the proboscis insertion, showing the inner (IB) and outer (OB) basement membranes, the former is about to disappear, while the latter become thicker, posteriorly. C, transverse section through the foregut region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). D, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). E, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates a connective tissue process from the inner to the outer basement membranes. AG, acidophilic glandular cell; BG, basophilic glandular cell; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; RC, rhynchocoel; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645343/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 17E</figureCitation>
); these do not reach the epidermis. A mesh­like structure was not found.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF54B0C9FF965678FB3F9740FC3BF9E0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645343/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[264,357,1330,1351]" targetBox="[264,1323,609,1303]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF965678FB3F9740FC3BF9E0" blockId="30.[264,1323,1330,1615]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF965678FB3F9740FE2FFAE8" bold="true" box="[264,397,1330,1351]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FF965678FBA19740FCA4FAE8" authority="(Takakura, 1922)" authorityName="Kajihara" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Takakura" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[406,774,1330,1351]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF965678FBA19740FDF6FAE8" box="[406,596,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hubrechtella ijimai</emphasis>
(Takakura, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C8128FF965678F9389740FCDDFAE8" box="[783,895,1330,1351]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates innervation from the subepidermal neuroglandular layer to the rhynchodaeum (RD). B, transverse section near the proboscis insertion, showing the inner (IB) and outer (OB) basement membranes, the former is about to disappear, while the latter become thicker, posteriorly. C, transverse section through the foregut region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). D, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). E, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates a connective tissue process from the inner to the outer basement membranes. AG, acidophilic glandular cell; BG, basophilic glandular cell; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; RC, rhynchocoel; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF965679FB0F94EFFC5BFD89" blockId="30.[264,1323,1693,1879]" lastBlockId="31.[264,1323,284,630]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
The body­wall musculature consists of an outer circular layer and an inner longitudi­ nal layer, which in the foregut region attain a thickness of
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FF965678F99994B7FBBAF970" box="[942,1048,1733,1759]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="7.0">7–15 µm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FF965678FE7894B7FB68F970" box="[1103,1226,1733,1759]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="31.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="12.0">12–50 µm</quantity>
, respec­ tively. Zigzag fibres are absent. The diagonal muscle layer is present but not obvious (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF965678FECC949FFA89F8A8" box="[1275,1323,1773,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[264,357,1330,1351]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates innervation from the subepidermal neuroglandular layer to the rhynchodaeum (RD). B, transverse section near the proboscis insertion, showing the inner (IB) and outer (OB) basement membranes, the former is about to disappear, while the latter become thicker, posteriorly. C, transverse section through the foregut region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). D, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). E, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates a connective tissue process from the inner to the outer basement membranes. AG, acidophilic glandular cell; BG, basophilic glandular cell; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; RC, rhynchocoel; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645343/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig.</figureCitation>
17C). Dorsoventral muscles were not found. Radial muscle fibres connecting the body­ wall longitudinal muscle layer and the buccal/foregut wall run through the lumina of the lateral blood lacunae. The foregut and its junction with the intestine are surrounded by a longitudinal muscle layer that is only one or two fibres thick. This splanchnic longitudinal muscle layer is separated from the body­wall longitudinal muscle layer by a thin membrane of connective tissue; the lateral blood lacunae and lateral blood vessels lie outside this splanchnic layer. Posteriorly in the intestinal region, the splanchnic layer disappears except dorsally between the intestine and rhynchocoel, where it remains as a longitudinal muscle plate, terminating anterior to the end of the rhynchocoel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF975679FB0F9046FCB1FDD9" blockId="31.[264,1323,284,630]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Parenchymatous connective tissue is inconspicuous throughout the body, except as thin membranes surrounding various organs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF975679FB3F90DEFE58FD6A" blockId="31.[264,1325,684,1870]" box="[264,506,684,709]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FF975679FB3F90DEFE58FD6A" box="[264,506,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Proboscis apparatus</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF975679FB0F90A6FE1DFB81" blockId="31.[264,1325,684,1870]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
The rhynchodaeal epithelium is unciliated and shows no significant regional differences in thickness throughout its length; it is generally thinner dorsally and ventrally (
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FF975679FECA908EFEF6FC91" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20– 30 µm</quantity>
thick) than laterally (
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FF975679F8669156FD6EFC91" box="[593,716,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="47.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="35.0">35–60 µm</quantity>
thick); acidophilic glandular cells predominate, but in one specimen basophilic glandular cells also occur (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF975679F9A8913EFBB2FCC9" box="[927,1040,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[264,357,1330,1351]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates innervation from the subepidermal neuroglandular layer to the rhynchodaeum (RD). B, transverse section near the proboscis insertion, showing the inner (IB) and outer (OB) basement membranes, the former is about to disappear, while the latter become thicker, posteriorly. C, transverse section through the foregut region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). D, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). E, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates a connective tissue process from the inner to the outer basement membranes. AG, acidophilic glandular cell; BG, basophilic glandular cell; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; RC, rhynchocoel; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645343/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
). The rhynchodaeum is innervated ventrolaterally on each side by 3–5 nerves from the sub­epidermal neuro­glandular layer; the rhynchodaeal nervous layer is located basal to the glandular epithelium. A definite rhynchodaeal sphincter was not found. A rhynchodaeal caecum is absent; in one specimen, however, a lateral bulge was found on one side, probably caused by contraction during fixation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF975679FB0F964EFC7CFB09" blockId="31.[264,1325,684,1870]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">The rhynchocoel does not extend to the posterior end of the body. Its wall is composed of separate outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers. Posteriorly, it is not developed into a muscular sac. No rhynchocoel caecum was found.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FF975646FB0F96C6FB4CFEF1" blockId="31.[264,1325,684,1870]" lastBlockId="32.[264,1322,284,350]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
The proboscis insertion is located pre­cerebrally. Four regions can be discerned in the proboscis. The anteriormost region, in retracted position, comprises about 5% of the length of the organ including the proboscis retractor muscle, and is composed of an outer glandular layer, a neural layer, an inner longitudinal muscle layer, an outer circular muscle layer, and an endothelium (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF975679F8379726FDCFFAC1" box="[512,621,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="32.[264,357,1428,1449]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the first region of the proboscis. B, transverse section through the second region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate spherical bodies. C, enlargement of the muscle cross in B. D, transverse section through the third region of the proboscis. E, transverse section through the fourth region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate acidophilic spherules. MC, muscle cross in proboscis; PE, proboscis epithelium; PI, proboscis inner circular muscle layer; PL, proboscis longitudinal muscle layer; PN, nervous layer in proboscis; PO, proboscis outer circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645345/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
). The second portion, about 22% of the length of the organ, has three muscle layers, including an additional outer circular muscle layer between the neural layer and the longitudinal muscle layer (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF975679F90397D6FC3DFA11" box="[820,927,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="32.[264,357,1428,1449]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the first region of the proboscis. B, transverse section through the second region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate spherical bodies. C, enlargement of the muscle cross in B. D, transverse section through the third region of the proboscis. E, transverse section through the fourth region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate acidophilic spherules. MC, muscle cross in proboscis; PE, proboscis epithelium; PI, proboscis inner circular muscle layer; PL, proboscis longitudinal muscle layer; PN, nervous layer in proboscis; PO, proboscis outer circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645345/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
). This region is not radially symmetrical, but has a single muscle cross between the inner and outer circular muscle layers (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF975679FB269786FEDEF9A1" box="[273,380,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="32.[264,357,1428,1449]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the first region of the proboscis. B, transverse section through the second region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate spherical bodies. C, enlargement of the muscle cross in B. D, transverse section through the third region of the proboscis. E, transverse section through the fourth region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate acidophilic spherules. MC, muscle cross in proboscis; PE, proboscis epithelium; PI, proboscis inner circular muscle layer; PL, proboscis longitudinal muscle layer; PN, nervous layer in proboscis; PO, proboscis outer circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645345/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
), although the muscle cross is not always obvious throughout this region. When the muscle cross is viewed in a 12­o’clock position, there are additional glandular masses at 4 and 8 o’clock between the outer glandular layer and the neural layer; these glandular masses contain conspicuous acidophilic spherical bodies up to
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FF975679FE32941EFBF7F929" box="[1029,1109,1644,1670]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
in diameter (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF975679FECC941EFE9EF901" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="32.[264,357,1428,1449]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the first region of the proboscis. B, transverse section through the second region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate spherical bodies. C, enlargement of the muscle cross in B. D, transverse section through the third region of the proboscis. E, transverse section through the fourth region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate acidophilic spherules. MC, muscle cross in proboscis; PE, proboscis epithelium; PI, proboscis inner circular muscle layer; PL, proboscis longitudinal muscle layer; PN, nervous layer in proboscis; PO, proboscis outer circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645345/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
). The third region, about 27% of the length of the organ, is still composed of three muscle layers with a single muscle cross, but lacks the glandular masses containing spherical bodies (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF975679FBAD9496FDABF951" box="[410,521,1764,1790]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="32.[264,357,1428,1449]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the first region of the proboscis. B, transverse section through the second region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate spherical bodies. C, enlargement of the muscle cross in B. D, transverse section through the third region of the proboscis. E, transverse section through the fourth region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate acidophilic spherules. MC, muscle cross in proboscis; PE, proboscis epithelium; PI, proboscis inner circular muscle layer; PL, proboscis longitudinal muscle layer; PN, nervous layer in proboscis; PO, proboscis outer circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645345/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
). The last region, about 34% of the length of the organ, has almost the same construction as the first region, but has minute acidophilic spherules near the surface of the epithelium (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF975679F8129546FD30F8E1" box="[549,658,1844,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="32.[264,357,1428,1449]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[264,1323,405,1394]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 18. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the first region of the proboscis. B, transverse section through the second region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate spherical bodies. C, enlargement of the muscle cross in B. D, transverse section through the third region of the proboscis. E, transverse section through the fourth region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate acidophilic spherules. MC, muscle cross in proboscis; PE, proboscis epithelium; PI, proboscis inner circular muscle layer; PL, proboscis longitudinal muscle layer; PN, nervous layer in proboscis; PO, proboscis outer circular muscle layer." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645345/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 18E</figureCitation>
). It is followed by the proboscis retractor muscle (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FF975646FECC9546FE9CFE99" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="33.[264,357,1440,1461]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the intestinal region; arrowheads indicate the basophilic cells in the intestinal wall around the mid­dorsal vessel. B, transverse section through the cerebral sensory organs (CO). CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DV, mid­dorsal vessel; IN, intestine; LV, lateral blood vessel; OV, ovum; PR, proboscis; RC, rhynchocoel; RM, proboscis retractor muscle; VG, ventral ganglion." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645349/files/figure.png" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
), 12% of the length of the organ, composed entirely of longitudinal muscle fibres; the proboscis retractor muscle posteriorly attaches to the ventral wall of the rhynchocoel.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF54B0C9FFA85646FB3F97E6FDACF9D2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645345/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" startId="32.[264,357,1428,1449]" targetBox="[264,1323,405,1394]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFA85646FB3F97E6FDACF9D2" blockId="32.[264,1323,1428,1661]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFA85646FB3F97E6FE2FFA06" bold="true" box="[264,397,1428,1449]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFA85646FBA197E6FCA4FA06" authority="(Takakura, 1922)" authorityName="Kajihara" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Takakura" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[406,774,1428,1449]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFA85646FBA197E6FDF6FA06" box="[406,596,1428,1449]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hubrechtella ijimai</emphasis>
(Takakura, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C8128FFA85646F93897E6FCDDFA06" box="[783,895,1428,1449]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the first region of the proboscis. B, transverse section through the second region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate spherical bodies. C, enlargement of the muscle cross in B. D, transverse section through the third region of the proboscis. E, transverse section through the fourth region of the proboscis; arrowheads indicate acidophilic spherules. MC, muscle cross in proboscis; PE, proboscis epithelium; PI, proboscis inner circular muscle layer; PL, proboscis longitudinal muscle layer; PN, nervous layer in proboscis; PO, proboscis outer circular muscle layer.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFA85646FB3F94AFFE70F959" blockId="32.[264,1324,1757,1902]" box="[264,466,1757,1782]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFA85646FB3F94AFFE70F959" box="[264,466,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Alimentary canal</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFA85647FB0F9576FB60FEF1" blockId="32.[264,1324,1757,1902]" lastBlockId="33.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
The mouth opens just behind the cerebral sensory organs. The buccal/foregut wall is densely ciliated, with both acido­ and basophilic glandular cells; the foregut is about
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFA85646FED0955EFA89F8E9" box="[1255,1323,1836,1862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long. The intestinal wall contains mainly acidophilic cells, but a small number of basophils cells are also found. The intestine has no lateral diverticula, which, however, appear to be present regionally because the gonads are deeply embedded in the intestinal wall.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF54B0C9FFA95647FB3F97D2FD40F984" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645349/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[264,357,1440,1461]" targetBox="[264,1323,409,1414]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFA95647FB3F97D2FD40F984" blockId="33.[264,1325,1440,1579]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFA95647FB3F97D2FE2FFA1A" bold="true" box="[264,397,1440,1461]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFA95647FBA197D3FCA4FA1A" authority="(Takakura, 1922)" authorityName="Kajihara" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Takakura" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[406,774,1440,1462]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFA95647FBA197D3FDF6FA19" box="[406,596,1441,1462]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Hubrechtella ijimai</emphasis>
(Takakura, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C8128FFA95647F93897D2FCDDFA1A" box="[783,895,1440,1461]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the intestinal region; arrowheads indicate the basophilic cells in the intestinal wall around the mid­dorsal vessel. B, transverse section through the cerebral sensory organs (CO). CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DV, mid­dorsal vessel; IN, intestine; LV, lateral blood vessel; OV, ovum; PR, proboscis; RC, rhynchocoel; RM, proboscis retractor muscle; VG, ventral ganglion.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFA95647FB3F94F6FE01F932" blockId="33.[264,1324,1668,1893]" box="[264,419,1668,1693]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFA95647FB3F94F6FE01F932" box="[264,419,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Blood system</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFA95644FB0F94D9FD52FD41" blockId="33.[264,1324,1668,1893]" lastBlockId="34.[264,1324,284,990]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
A pair of lateral cephalic lacunae meets anteriorly above the rhynchodaeal opening. After passing through the cerebral ring, they connect ventrally to form a cross­sectionally U­shaped vessel; a thick­walled mid­dorsal vessel is dorsally branched off from the upper surface of the ventral portion of the U­shaped lacuna to enter the rhynchocoel (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FFA95647FE869551FABFF892" box="[1201,1309,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="33.[264,357,1440,1461]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the intestinal region; arrowheads indicate the basophilic cells in the intestinal wall around the mid­dorsal vessel. B, transverse section through the cerebral sensory organs (CO). CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DV, mid­dorsal vessel; IN, intestine; LV, lateral blood vessel; OV, ovum; PR, proboscis; RC, rhynchocoel; RM, proboscis retractor muscle; VG, ventral ganglion." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645349/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
). The U­shaped lacuna, with its two arms surrounding the cerebral sensory organs (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FFA95644FECC9539FE9EFE99" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="33.[264,357,1440,1461]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the intestinal region; arrowheads indicate the basophilic cells in the intestinal wall around the mid­dorsal vessel. B, transverse section through the cerebral sensory organs (CO). CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DV, mid­dorsal vessel; IN, intestine; LV, lateral blood vessel; OV, ovum; PR, proboscis; RC, rhynchocoel; RM, proboscis retractor muscle; VG, ventral ganglion." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645349/files/figure.png" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
), then divides into two lateral lacunae just anterior to the mouth with the bottom becoming closed between the buccal wall and rhynchocoel. In the foregut region, the thinwalled lacunae lie lateral to the rhynchocoel and above the lateral edges of the foregut, and give rise ventrally to a delicate vascular network that surrounds the foregut laterally, ventrolaterally, and ventrally. In the anterior intestinal region, the vascular network converges posteriorly with a thick­walled lateral blood vessel on each side of the body, while the thin­walled lateral lacunae remain for a short distance, flanked by the rhynchocoel, before ending blindly. The lateral vessels lie ventrolateral to the alimentary canal between the splanchnic and body­wall longitudinal muscle layers. Initially each lateral vessel, together with the bordering splanchnic muscle layer, is distinctly embedded in the gut wall (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FFAA5644FECC90F6FE8AFD69" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="29.[264,357,1503,1524]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,719,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[264,1323,713,1494]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 16. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female, drawing of a transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing the arrangement of internal organs. BM, basement membrane; DV, mid­dorsal vessel; EP, epidermis; IN, intestine; LL, lateral blood lacuna; LM, body­wall longitudinal muscle layer; LN, lateral nerve cord; LV, lateral blood vessel; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; PR, proboscis; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645341/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Posteriorly, even after the splanchnic muscle layer disappears, the lateral vessels remain in close contact with the intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAA5644FB0F908EFCA2FC21" blockId="34.[264,1324,284,990]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
The mid­dorsal vessel runs inside the rhynchocoel to form a rhynchocoelic villus, then runs down between the rhynchocoel wall and the alimentary canal in the posterior foregut region. Farther backward in the intestinal region, the intestinal wall around the mid­dorsal vessel contains basophilic cells (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FFAA5644F8B29106FD51FC21" box="[645,755,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="33.[264,357,1440,1461]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the intestinal region; arrowheads indicate the basophilic cells in the intestinal wall around the mid­dorsal vessel. B, transverse section through the cerebral sensory organs (CO). CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DV, mid­dorsal vessel; IN, intestine; LV, lateral blood vessel; OV, ovum; PR, proboscis; RC, rhynchocoel; RM, proboscis retractor muscle; VG, ventral ganglion." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645349/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAA5644FB0F91EEFD13FC71" blockId="34.[264,1324,284,990]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Pseudometameric transverse connections between the lateral and mid­dorsal vessels in the intestinal region were not found.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAA5644FB3F9666FE1DFB82" blockId="34.[264,1323,1044,1630]" box="[264,447,1044,1069]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAA5644FB3F9666FE1DFB82" box="[264,447,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Nervous system</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAA5644FB0F964EFB0EF9F1" blockId="34.[264,1323,1044,1630]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
The brain and lateral nerve cords are situated between the epidermal basement membrane and the body­wall circular muscle layer. A single dorsal commissure,
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAA5644FE989616FA89FBD1" box="[1199,1323,1124,1150]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="22.0">22–28 µm</quantity>
thick, lies anteriad to the ventral one,
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thick. Dorsal and ventral ganglia are almost the same size. Medially each lateral nerve contains a single giant fibre (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FFAA5644FE9896C6FABFFB61" box="[1199,1309,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="28.[264,357,1699,1720]" captionTargetBox="[264,1493,284,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[264,1323,280,1678]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 15. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov. A, photograph of a body fragment containing the head, taken in life (ZIHU­3122, female). B, photograph of a body fragment containing the tail, taken in life (ZIHU­3123, female). C, transverse section through the anterior intestinal region showing some of the epidermal glandular cell types (ZIHU­3122, female). D, transverse section showing the lateral nerve cord; arrowhead indicates the giant fibre (ZIHU­3122, female). BM, basement membrane; EP, epidermis; LN, lateral nerve cord; NF, neuro­fibrous layer; OC, body­wall outer circular muscle layer; T1, type 1 glandular cell; T2, type 2 glandular cell; T3, type 3 glandular cell; T5, type 5 glandular cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645339/files/figure.svg" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
), about
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAA5644FB6296AEFE35FB59" box="[341,407,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 µm</quantity>
in diameter, that can be traced forward to a neural cell body, about
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAA5644FEDE96AEFA89FB59" box="[1257,1323,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 µm</quantity>
across, located dorsolaterally in the dorsal commissure. The dorsal ganglion slightly forks posteriorly into upper and lower branches, the latter of which innervates the cerebral sensory organ. The upper mid­dorsal nerve originates in the dorsal commissure and extends posteriorly between the epidermal basement membrane and the body­wall outer circular muscle layer (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FFAA5644FB9997D6FDB8FA11" box="[430,538,1444,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[264,357,1330,1351]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates innervation from the subepidermal neuroglandular layer to the rhynchodaeum (RD). B, transverse section near the proboscis insertion, showing the inner (IB) and outer (OB) basement membranes, the former is about to disappear, while the latter become thicker, posteriorly. C, transverse section through the foregut region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). D, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). E, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates a connective tissue process from the inner to the outer basement membranes. AG, acidophilic glandular cell; BG, basophilic glandular cell; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; RC, rhynchocoel; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645343/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
); farther back, in the anterior portion of the intestine, the mid­dorsal nerve rises to lie between the epidermis and the basement membrane (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FFAA5644FE4D97BEFB4BFA49" box="[1146,1257,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="30.[264,357,1330,1351]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[264,1323,609,1303]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 17. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates innervation from the subepidermal neuroglandular layer to the rhynchodaeum (RD). B, transverse section near the proboscis insertion, showing the inner (IB) and outer (OB) basement membranes, the former is about to disappear, while the latter become thicker, posteriorly. C, transverse section through the foregut region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). D, transverse section through the intestinal region showing the arrangement of the neuro­fibrous layer (NF) against the basement membrane (BM). E, transverse section through the pre­cerebral region; arrowhead indicates a connective tissue process from the inner to the outer basement membranes. AG, acidophilic glandular cell; BG, basophilic glandular cell; CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DM, diagonal muscle layer; EP, epidermis; RC, rhynchocoel; UD, upper mid­dorsal nerve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645343/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 17D</figureCitation>
); this nerve becomes indistinguishable posterior to the rhynchocoel. The mid­dorsal nerve sends numerous branches downwards to the dorsal side of the rhynchocoel wall; thus a lower mid­dorsal nerve seems to be present, but it is not continuous anteroposteriorly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAA5644FB3F94E6FCC9F979" blockId="34.[264,875,1684,1750]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAA5644FB3F94E6FD02F902" box="[264,672,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Frontal organ and cephalic glands</emphasis>
A frontal organ and cephalic glands are lacking.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFFAA5645FB3F957EFE49FB0A" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAA5645FB3F957EFE7CFD69" blockId="34.[264,1323,1804,1870]" lastBlockId="35.[264,1323,284,750]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAA5644FB3F957EFE00F88A" box="[264,418,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Sense organs</emphasis>
On each side of the head there is an epidermal indentation
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAA5644F9CF9546FBE4F8E1" box="[1016,1094,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 µm</quantity>
long in the antero­ posterior axis and
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAB5645FBE8936EFDC4FE99" box="[479,614,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="90.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="80.0">80–100 µm</quantity>
long in the dorsoventral axis, lined with very long (about
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAB5645FF3A936EFE93FEF1" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
) cilia, but no glandular cells. From each indentation, a ciliated canal leads posteroobliquely inward, narrowing from
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAB5645F896931EFCB9FE29" box="[673,795,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="40.0">40–45 µm</quantity>
to about
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAB5645F9BC931EFC7AFE29" box="[907,984,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 µm</quantity>
in external diameter (
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAB5645FEEA931EFA89FE29" box="[1245,1323,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
internal diameter), before turning medioventrally to enter a cerebral sensory organ on its dorsolateral surface 1/3 of the way from its anterior end; the canal runs posteriorly inside the organ without branching for the posterior 5/6 of the length of the organ, then terminates in a blind end. A bundle of nerve fibres, innervated from the ventral branch of the posterior end of the dorsal ganglion, runs along the medial side of the canal. Each cerebral sensory organ is an ovoid mass of neuro­glandular cells, oval in cross section, about
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAB5645FED5902EFE92FD31" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="75.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="70.0">70–80 µm</quantity>
wide by
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAB5645FB9490F6FD8FFD31" box="[419,557,644,670]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="95.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="90.0">90–100 µm</quantity>
high, and about
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAB5645F8CD90F6FC31FD31" box="[762,915,644,670]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="135.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="120.0">120–150 µm</quantity>
long; it lies in the cephalic blood lacuna (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FFAB5645FB5390DEFE72FD69" box="[356,464,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="33.[264,357,1440,1461]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the intestinal region; arrowheads indicate the basophilic cells in the intestinal wall around the mid­dorsal vessel. B, transverse section through the cerebral sensory organs (CO). CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DV, mid­dorsal vessel; IN, intestine; LV, lateral blood vessel; OV, ovum; PR, proboscis; RC, rhynchocoel; RM, proboscis retractor muscle; VG, ventral ganglion." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645349/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAB5645FB0F90A6FCDAFD41" blockId="35.[264,1323,284,750]" box="[312,888,724,750]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">There are neither eyes nor lateral sensory organs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAB5645FB3F9156FE15FCC9" blockId="35.[264,464,804,870]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAB5645FB3F9156FE72FC92" box="[264,464,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Excretory system</emphasis>
Not found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAB5645FB3F91EEFE5AFC1A" blockId="35.[264,1324,924,1110]" box="[264,504,924,949]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAB5645FB3F91EEFE5AFC1A" box="[264,504,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Reproductive system</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAB5645FB0F91B6FDB5FBF9" blockId="35.[264,1324,924,1110]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
All the three specimens examined were mature females. The ovaries, up to
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in diameter, each containing a single egg, are embedded in the intestinal wall (
<figureCitation id="1310FCC4FFAB5645FEA6919EFAA2FBA9" box="[1169,1280,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="33.[264,357,1440,1461]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[264,1323,409,1414]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hubrechtella ijimai (Takakura, 1922) comb. nov., ZIHU­3122, female. A, transverse section through the intestinal region; arrowheads indicate the basophilic cells in the intestinal wall around the mid­dorsal vessel. B, transverse section through the cerebral sensory organs (CO). CL, cephalic blood lacuna; DV, mid­dorsal vessel; IN, intestine; LV, lateral blood vessel; OV, ovum; PR, proboscis; RC, rhynchocoel; RM, proboscis retractor muscle; VG, ventral ganglion." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2645349/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
). A gonoduct leads from each ovary, passing above the lateral nerve cord, then opens dorsolaterally in the epidermis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAB5645FB3F96FEFE49FB0A" blockId="35.[264,1324,1164,1870]" box="[264,491,1164,1189]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAB5645FB3F96FEFE49FB0A" box="[264,491,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Systematic remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFFAB5645FB0F96C6FB38F889" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAB5645FB0F96C6FD44F9F1" blockId="35.[264,1324,1164,1870]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAB5645FB0F96C6FE73FB62" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1902" box="[312,465,1204,1229]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAB5645FB0F96C6FE73FB62" box="[312,465,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hubrechtella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAB5645FBC296C6FD99FB62" authorityName="Takakura" authorityYear="1922" box="[501,571,1204,1229]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Hubrechtellidae" genus="Coeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAB5645FBC296C6FD99FB62" box="[501,571,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coeia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAB5645F87896C6FCCBFB61" authority="(Takakura, 1922)" authorityName="Kajihara" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Takakura" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[591,873,1204,1230]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAB5645F87896C6FD31FB62" box="[591,659,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ijimai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAB5645F89196C6FCC3FB61" author="Takakura, U." box="[678,865,1204,1230]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura, 1922</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C8128FFAB5645F94396C6FC5BFB61" box="[884,1017,1204,1230]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has not been redescribed since its original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAB5645F85996AEFC87FB59" author="Takakura, U." box="[622,805,1244,1270]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura 1922</bibRefCitation>
), which provides an account mostly of the features of internal morphology used in the modern diagnosis for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAB5645FEBD9776FA86FAB2" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1902" box="[1162,1316,1284,1309]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAB5645FEBD9776FA86FAB2" box="[1162,1316,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hubrechtella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but not of the characters currently used in distinguishing between species placed in this genus. Unfortunately, the
<typeStatus id="54905EE3FFAB5645F80F9726FDC9FAC1" box="[568,619,1364,1390]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAB5645F8CE9726FBEBFAC1" authority="Takakura, 1922" authorityName="Takakura" authorityYear="1922" box="[761,1097,1364,1390]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Hubrechtellidae" genus="Coeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAB5645F8CE9726FC29FAC2" box="[761,907,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coeia ijimai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAB5645F9A59726FBEBFAC1" author="Takakura, U." box="[914,1097,1364,1390]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is considered to be lost (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAB5645FB74970EFE56FA39" author="Kajihara, H." box="[323,500,1404,1430]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="208 - 213" refId="ref14737" refString="Kajihara, H. (2004) Usamaro Takakura (1867 - 1944), Japanese pioneer nemertean researcher. Archives of Natural History, 32, 208 - 213." type="journal article" year="2004">Kajihara 2004</bibRefCitation>
); thus, it is impossible to identify this species using its internal morphology. Accordingly, I identified my specimens as conspecific with the nominal species
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAB5645FB3F97BEFDFAFA49" authority="Takakura, 1922" authorityName="Takakura" authorityYear="1922" box="[264,600,1484,1510]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Hubrechtellidae" genus="Coeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAB5645FB3F97BEFE38FA4A" box="[264,410,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coeia ijimai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAB5645FB9697BEFDFAFA49" author="Takakura, U." box="[417,600,1484,1510]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis only of external characters. However, the resemblance of the shape of the head in living material to
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAB5645F95D9786FBE2F9A1" author="Takakura, U." box="[874,1088,1524,1550]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura’s (1922)</bibRefCitation>
illustration, and the nearness of my sampling site to the
<typeStatus id="54905EE3FFAB5645F881946EFD4AF999" box="[694,744,1564,1590]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
locality, lend support to the identification of my material as
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAB5645FBB89436FD40F9F1" authority="Takakura, 1922" authorityName="Takakura" authorityYear="1922" box="[399,738,1604,1630]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Hubrechtellidae" genus="Coeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAB5645FBB89436FD83F9F2" box="[399,545,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coeia ijimai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAB5645F81F9436FD40F9F1" author="Takakura, U." box="[552,738,1604,1630]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAB5645FB0F941EFB38F889" blockId="35.[264,1324,1164,1870]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
One difference between Takakura’s description and my material is the size of the body; Takakura’s specimens measured over
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAB5645F92294E6FCFDF901" box="[789,863,1684,1710]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
in length, while mine do not exceed
<quantity id="4CD34DA4FFAB5645FF2B94E6FE8DF979" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
. This difference may be due to the age of the worms. Eventually a
<typeStatus id="54905EE3FFAB5645FE5294CEFB60F979" box="[1125,1218,1724,1750]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
must be designated for
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAB5645FB819496FCA5F951" authority="Takakura, 1922" authorityName="Takakura" authorityYear="1922" box="[438,775,1764,1790]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Hubrechtellidae" genus="Coeia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAB5645FB819496FDE5F952" box="[438,583,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Coeia ijimai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAB5645F8799496FCA5F951" author="Takakura, U." box="[590,775,1764,1790]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura, 1922</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; however, this will best be done after thorough study of newly collected material from the type locality, or at least closer to it.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C331B3CAFFAB5642FB0F9546FC3AFAF4" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAB5642FB0F9546FE7FFEF1" blockId="35.[264,1324,1164,1870]" lastBlockId="36.[264,1322,284,350]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
The combination of the characters summarised in
<tableCitation id="C6A9D5FAFFAB5645F9B29546FC7EF8E1" box="[901,988,1844,1870]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="36.[264,343,403,424]" captionTargetBox="[276,1249,538,1199]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison of four characters among Hubrechtella species. Data compiled from Bergendal (1902b), Hylbom (1957), Kirsteuer (1967), Senz (1992, 1993, 2000), Gibson (1979a, b, 1997), Gibson and Sundberg (1999), and Chernyshev (2003)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF54B0C9FFAC5642FB3F93E1FD3FFE5C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" tableUuid="DF54B0C9FFAC5642FB3F93E1FD3FFE5C">Table 3</tableCitation>
enables
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAB5642FE729546FE76FE99" authority="(Takakura, 1922)" authorityName="Kajihara" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Takakura" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAB5645FE729546FA88F8E2" box="[1093,1322,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Hubrechtella ijimai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAC5642FB27936EFE6EFE99" author="Takakura, U." box="[272,460,284,310]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="419 - 422" refId="ref15401" refString="Takakura, U. (1922) Honpousan himomushi no ichi shinzoku ni tsukite [On a new genus of nemertean from Japan]. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 34, 419 - 422. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1922">Takakura, 1922</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C8128FFAC5642FBE9936EFDC1FE99" box="[478,611,284,310]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
to be distinguished from all other species currently placed into
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB0A9336FE74FEF2" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1902" box="[317,470,324,349]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB0A9336FE74FEF2" box="[317,470,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hubrechtella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF54B0C9FFAC5642FB3F93E1FD3FFE5C" ID-Table-UUID="DF54B0C9FFAC5642FB3F93E1FD3FFE5C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF54B0C9FFAC5642FB3F93E1FD3FFE5C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[276,1249,538,1199]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="36">
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAC5642FB3F93E1FA88FE06" box="[264,1322,403,425]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
TABLE 3. Comparison of four characters among
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642F92793E6FC2FFE06" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1902" box="[784,909,404,425]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642F92793E6FC2FFE06" box="[784,909,404,425]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hubrechtella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Data compiled from Bergendal
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAC5642FB3F93C5FA88FE63" box="[264,1322,439,460]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
(1902b),
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAC5642FB5593C5FE59FE63" author="Hylbom, R." box="[354,507,439,460]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="539 - 582" refId="ref14409" refString="Hylbom, R. (1957) Studies on palaeonemerteans of the Gullmar Fiord area (West Coast of Sweden). Arkiv for Zoologi, 10, 539 - 582." type="journal article" year="1957">Hylbom (1957)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAC5642F83F93C5FD09FE63" author="Kirsteuer, E." box="[520,683,439,460]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="110 - 122" refId="ref14768" refString="Kirsteuer, E. (1967) New marine nemerteans from Nossi Be, Madagascar. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 178, 110 - 122." type="journal article" year="1967">Kirsteuer (1967)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAC5642F88F93C5FC8BFE63" author="Senz, W." box="[696,809,439,460]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="185 - 190" refId="ref15083" refString="Senz, W. (1992) Hubrechtella atypica sp. n. (Nemertini: Palaeonemertini). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 229, 185 - 190." type="journal article" year="1992">Senz (1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAC5642F90193C5FCCAFE63" author="Senz, W." box="[822,872,439,460]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="47 - 145" refId="ref15111" refString="Senz, W. (1993) Nemertinen europaischer Kustenbereiche (nebst erganzenden Angaben zur Anatomie von Apartonemertes albimaculosa Wilfert &amp; Gibson, 1974). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, 94 / 95 B, 47 - 145." type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAC5642F94393C5FC05FE63" author="Senz, W." box="[884,935,439,460]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="321 - 373" refId="ref15186" refString="Senz, W. (2000) Neue Nemertinen aus dem Golf von Arabien. 1. Palaeonemertini. Annalen der Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 102 B, 321 - 373." type="journal article" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAC5642F98D93C5FBEFFE63" author="Gibson, R." box="[954,1101,439,460]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="305 - 337" refId="ref14031" refString="Gibson, R. (1979 a) Nemerteans of the Great Barrier Reef. 1. Anopla Palaeonemertea. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 65, 305 - 337." type="journal article" year="1979">Gibson (1979a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAC5642FE6E93C5FBC5FE63" author="Gibson, R." box="[1113,1127,439,460]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="119 - 131" refId="ref14064" refString="Gibson, R. (1979 b) Hubrechtella malabarensis sp. nov. (Palaeonemertea: Hubrechtidae), a new nemertean from Australia. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 202, 119 - 131." type="journal article" year="1979">b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAC5642FE4393C5FB05FE63" author="Gibson, R." box="[1140,1191,439,460]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="9 - 29" refId="ref14195" refString="Gibson, R. (1997) New benthic nemerteans from Hong Kong. In: Morton, B (Ed.), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China IV. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 9 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
), Gibson and
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAC5642FB3F93AFFD3FFE5C" box="[264,669,473,499]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAC5642FB3F93AFFE09FE5D" author="Gibson, R. &amp; Sundberg, P." box="[264,427,477,498]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="151 - 196" refId="ref14279" refString="Gibson, R. &amp; Sundberg, P. (1999) Six new species of palaeonemerteans (Nemertea) from Hong Kong. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 125, 151 - 196." type="journal article" year="1999">Sundberg (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA9DB0FFAC5642FBE993AFFD34FE5D" author="Chernyshev, A. V." box="[478,662,477,498]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="368 - 370" refId="ref13896" refString="Chernyshev, A. V. (2003) A new species of the genus Hubrechtella (Nemertea, Anopla) from the Sea of Japan and establishment of the family Hubrechtellidae. Biologiya Morya, 29, 368 - 370. [In Russian with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="2003">Chernyshev (2003)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAC5642FB239068FB42FB01" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<table id="F92B12E1FFACA999FB239068FB43FB00" box="[276,1249,538,1199]" gridcols="5" gridrows="15" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB239068FB43FD9E" box="[276,1249,538,561]" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB239068FD64FD9E" box="[276,710,538,561]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Taxa</th>
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9419068FC2BFD9E" box="[886,905,538,561]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A</th>
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD9068FC5EFD9E" box="[1002,1020,538,561]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B</th>
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A9068FBCDFD9E" box="[1117,1135,538,561]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C</th>
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE79068FB43FD9E" box="[1232,1249,538,561]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">D</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB239035FB43FDF0" box="[276,1249,583,607]" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB239035FD64FDF0" box="[276,710,583,607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB23903AFE58FDF1" authority="Gibson,1997" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1997" box="[276,506,583,607]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB23903AFEC6FDF0" box="[276,356,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H. alba</emphasis>
Gibson,1997
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9419035FC2BFDF0" box="[886,905,583,607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD9035FC5EFDF0" box="[1002,1020,583,607]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A9035FBCDFDF0" box="[1117,1135,583,607]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE79035FB43FDF0" box="[1232,1249,583,607]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB239007FB43FD23" box="[276,1249,629,652]" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB239007FD64FD23" box="[276,710,629,652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB239007FE5DFD23" authority="Senz,1992" authorityName="Senz" authorityYear="1992" box="[276,511,629,652]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="atypica">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB239007FE21FD23" box="[276,387,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H. atypica</emphasis>
Senz,1992
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9419007FC2BFD23" box="[886,905,629,652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD9007FC5EFD23" box="[1002,1020,629,652]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">2</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A9007FBCDFD23" box="[1117,1135,629,652]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE79007FB43FD23" box="[1232,1249,629,652]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB2390D0FB43FD16" box="[276,1249,674,697]" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB2390D0FD64FD16" box="[276,710,674,697]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB2390D0FD80FD16" authority="Senz, 1993" authorityName="Senz" authorityYear="1993" box="[276,546,674,697]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="combinata">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB2390D0FE07FD16" box="[276,421,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H. combinata</emphasis>
Senz, 1993
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F94190D0FC2BFD16" box="[886,905,674,697]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">?</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD90D0FC5EFD16" box="[1002,1020,674,697]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A90D0FBCDFD16" box="[1117,1135,674,697]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE790D0FB43FD16" box="[1232,1249,674,697]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB2390A2FB43FD48" box="[276,1249,720,743]" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB2390A2FD64FD48" box="[276,710,720,743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB2390A2FD86FD48" authority="Senz,2000" authorityName="Senz" authorityYear="2000" box="[276,548,720,743]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB2390A2FE04FD48" box="[276,422,720,743]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H. ehrenbergi</emphasis>
Senz,2000
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F94190A2FC2BFD48" box="[886,905,720,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD90A2FC5EFD48" box="[1002,1020,720,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A90A2FBCDFD48" box="[1117,1135,720,743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE790A2FB43FD48" box="[1232,1249,720,743]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB23908FFB43FCBA" box="[276,1249,765,789]" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB23908FFD64FCBA" box="[276,710,765,789]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB23908CFD85FCBB" authority="Bergendal,1902" authorityName="Bergendal" authorityYear="1902" box="[276,551,765,789]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB23908CFED3FCBA" box="[276,369,766,789]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H. dubia</emphasis>
Bergendal,1902
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F941908FFC2BFCBA" box="[886,905,765,789]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD908FFC5EFCBA" box="[1002,1020,765,789]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A908FFBCDFCBA" box="[1117,1135,765,789]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE7908FFB43FCBA" box="[1232,1249,765,789]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB239159FB43FCED" box="[276,1249,811,834]" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB239159FD64FCED" box="[276,710,811,834]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB239159FD9AFCED" authority="Senz,1993" authorityName="Senz" authorityYear="1993" box="[276,568,811,834]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="globocystica">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB239159FE19FCED" box="[276,443,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H. globocystica</emphasis>
Senz,1993
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9419159FC2BFCED" box="[886,905,811,834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD9159FC5EFCED" box="[1002,1020,811,834]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">2</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A9159FBCDFCED" box="[1117,1135,811,834]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE79159FB43FCED" box="[1232,1249,811,834]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB23912AFB43FCDF" box="[276,1249,856,880]" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB23912AFD64FCDF" box="[276,710,856,880]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB23912BFD80FCC0" authority="Kirsteuer,1967" authorityName="Kirsteuer" authorityYear="1967" box="[276,546,856,880]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB23912BFED5FCDF" box="[276,375,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H. indica</emphasis>
Kirsteuer,1967
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F941912AFC2BFCDF" box="[886,905,856,880]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD912AFC5EFCDF" box="[1002,1020,856,880]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A912AFBCDFCDF" box="[1117,1135,856,880]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE7912AFB43FCDF" box="[1232,1249,856,880]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB2391F4FB43FC32" box="[276,1249,902,925]" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB2391F4FD64FC32" box="[276,710,902,925]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB2391F4FD9AFC32" authority="Chernyshev,2003" authorityName="Chernyshev" authorityYear="2003" box="[276,568,902,925]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="juliae">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB2391F4FE8CFC32" box="[276,302,902,925]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB0391F4FED3FC32" box="[308,369,902,925]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">juliae</emphasis>
Chernyshev,2003
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F94191F4FC2BFC32" box="[886,905,902,925]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD91F4FC5EFC32" box="[1002,1020,902,925]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A91F4FBCDFC32" box="[1117,1135,902,925]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE791F4FB43FC32" box="[1232,1249,902,925]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB2391C1FB43FC65" box="[276,1249,947,970]" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB2391C1FD64FC65" box="[276,710,947,970]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB2391C1FDFBFC65" authority="Gibson,1979" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1979" box="[276,601,947,970]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="malabarensis">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB2391C1FE61FC65" box="[276,451,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H. malabarensis</emphasis>
Gibson,1979
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F94191C1FC2BFC65" box="[886,905,947,970]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD91C1FC5EFC65" box="[1002,1020,947,970]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A91C1FBCDFC65" box="[1117,1135,947,970]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE791C1FB43FC65" box="[1232,1249,947,970]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB239193FB43FC57" box="[276,1249,993,1016]" gridrow="10" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB239193FD64FC57" box="[276,710,993,1016]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB239193FDC6FC57" authority="Gibson,1979" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="1979" box="[276,612,993,1016]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="queenslandica">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB239193FE8CFC57" box="[276,302,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB039193FE6CFC57" box="[308,462,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">queenslandica</emphasis>
Gibson,1979
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9419193FC2BFC57" box="[886,905,993,1016]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD9193FC5EFC57" box="[1002,1020,993,1016]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A9193FBCDFC57" box="[1117,1135,993,1016]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE79193FB43FC57" box="[1232,1249,993,1016]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB23967CFB43FB89" box="[276,1249,1038,1062]" gridrow="11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB23967CFD64FB89" box="[276,710,1038,1062]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB23967DFD2FFB8A" authority="Kirsteuer,1967" authorityName="Kirsteuer" authorityYear="1967" box="[276,653,1038,1062]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="sarodravayensis">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB23967DFE40FB89" box="[276,482,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H. sarodravayensis</emphasis>
Kirsteuer,1967
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F941967CFC2BFB89" box="[886,905,1038,1062]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD967CFC5EFB89" box="[1002,1020,1038,1062]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A967CFBCDFB89" box="[1117,1135,1038,1062]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE7967CFB43FB89" box="[1232,1249,1038,1062]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB23964EFB43FBFC" box="[276,1249,1084,1107]" gridrow="12" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB23964EFD64FBFC" box="[276,710,1084,1107]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB23964EFD64FBFC" authority="Gibson&amp;Sundberg,1999" authorityName="Gibson &amp; Sundberg" authorityYear="1999" box="[276,710,1084,1107]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="sinimarina">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB23964EFE8CFBFC" box="[276,302,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB03964EFE0AFBFC" box="[308,424,1084,1107]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">sinimarina</emphasis>
Gibson&amp;Sundberg,1999
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F941964EFC2BFBFC" box="[886,905,1084,1107]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD964EFC5EFBFC" box="[1002,1020,1084,1107]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A964EFBCDFBFC" box="[1117,1135,1084,1107]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE7964EFB43FBFC" box="[1232,1249,1084,1107]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB23961BFB43FB2E" box="[276,1249,1129,1153]" gridrow="13" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB23961BFD64FB2E" box="[276,710,1129,1153]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB23961BFD63FB2E" bold="true" box="[276,705,1129,1153]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB23961BFD9DFB2E" authority="(Takakura, 1922)" authorityName="Kajihara" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Takakura" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[276,575,1129,1153]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="ijimai" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB23961BFE8DFB2E" bold="true" box="[276,303,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB02961BFED7FB2E" bold="true" box="[309,373,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">ijimai</emphasis>
(Takakura, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C8128FFAC5642F870961BFD63FB2E" box="[583,705,1129,1153]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F941961BFC2BFB2E" box="[886,905,1129,1153]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD961BFC5EFB2E" box="[1002,1020,1129,1153]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">2</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A961BFBCDFB2E" box="[1117,1135,1129,1153]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE7961BFB43FB2E" box="[1232,1249,1129,1153]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351BE203FFACA999FB2396E4FB43FB00" box="[276,1249,1174,1199]" gridrow="14" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FB2396E4FD64FB00" box="[276,710,1174,1199]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB2396E5FDBFFB01" bold="true" box="[276,541,1174,1199]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B9BC2FFAC5642FB2396E5FE62FB00" authority="Kajihara, 2006" authorityName="Kajihara" authorityYear="2006" box="[276,448,1175,1199]" class="Palaeonemertea" family="Hubrechtidae" genus="Hubrechtella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hubrechtiiformes" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Nemertea" rank="species" species="kimuraorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95F3C53FFAC5642FB2396E5FE62FB00" bold="true" box="[276,448,1175,1199]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">H. kimuraorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C8128FFAC5642FBFF96E4FDBFFB01" box="[456,541,1174,1198]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F94196E4FC2BFB00" box="[886,905,1174,1199]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999F9DD96E4FC5EFB00" box="[1002,1020,1174,1199]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">2</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FE6A96E4FBCDFB00" box="[1117,1135,1174,1199]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1</td>
<td id="76CA8B7FFFACA999FEE796E4FB43FB00" box="[1232,1249,1174,1199]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAC5642FB3F96A3FD95FB49" blockId="36.[264,1199,1233,1371]" box="[264,567,1233,1254]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Characters and character states:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAC5642FB3F969CFD52FAAC" blockId="36.[264,1199,1233,1371]" box="[264,752,1262,1283]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">A: Muscle layers in proboscis: (0) two; (1) three.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAC5642FB3F977EFB3EFA8E" blockId="36.[264,1199,1233,1371]" box="[264,1180,1292,1313]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">B: Bodies in proboscis epithelium: (0) lacking; (1) nematocyst­like, rhabditous; (2) spherical.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAC5642FB3F975BFB0DFA91" blockId="36.[264,1199,1233,1371]" box="[264,1199,1321,1342]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">C: Mid­dorsal blood vessel: (0) does not penetrate the rhynchocoel; (1) penetrates rhynchocoel.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B94E041FFAC5642FB3F9734FC3AFAF4" blockId="36.[264,1199,1233,1371]" box="[264,920,1350,1371]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">D: Zigzag fibres in body­wall musculature: (0) absent; (1) present.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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