604 lines
70 KiB
XML
604 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="EEB20D0E799410F197A289D7252E48E8" ID-CLB-Dataset="20673" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5099.2.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="412821ca-f693-4af1-a5f0-9d6b14dcc851" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6048598" ID-ZooBank="446A8FC4-FB91-4ADD-8146-DAA6B936137C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1644582690247" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wu, Jun, Yang, Xiao-Feng & Han, Hui-Lin" docDate="2022" docId="50228794FFE5E613F8CFFA25FE31271D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5099.2.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5099 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudonagoda zhejiangensis Wu & Yang & Han 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="298" masterDocId="AC1BFFECFFE4E615F858FF9AFF952678" masterDocTitle="Discovery of the genus Pseudonagoda Holloway, 1990 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from China, with description of a new species and notes on the immature stages" masterLastPageNumber="300" masterPageNumber="293" pageNumber="294" updateTime="1699309907050" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3C5ED047A89CF2F80C22B6B4F939A488">
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<mods:title id="A2DC8AED5A20F42881B680BF384D02E7">Discovery of the genus Pseudonagoda Holloway, 1990 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from China, with description of a new species and notes on the immature stages</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B210B80322E2D55DC3F373BFAA656A2D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5F2B38CAB5408057FC0CFFE12EA25925">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="27A7CD58D693CEE0353891DDB679AD27">Wu, Jun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A951A7523829CA5CE6FC332C0818A36A">Northeast Forestry University, School of Forestry, Harbin 150040, China.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="91AD7D6AB56C02F956B428D8324BF78D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="117331972FB2E0DF8AA4DB7B2A1362A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C9227F719C213432A9FBF93418288EF9">Yang, Xiao-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9B46E194F6F1815F0D944BAE64D87E1E">Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hangzhou 310016, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="7597FCE7FC8F9D51ACDD3872A8148A96" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9C91027103BB0FB98A831A2B65884510">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="EF3F64AE1103BBE4E8FB9FB0DDF90367">Han, Hui-Lin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E0EFA0FBF0ED0F1D740EF3BF2AA21D7A">Northeast Forestry University, School of Forestry, Harbin 150040, China. & Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Harbin 150040, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E20873652B3F0E685688447DEF196526">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="ED574E006FA2CEDEE6EDA657A1517617">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="980B9D9B4B2B4FBBC1A5A7898D8408CE">
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<mods:date id="3A5532800989A2BBF4C93162F9126B4A">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A5EF25E62B5C9EBABFC93E6896A3F45E">2022-02-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1A28C4E5438EB91CD5E8B65A2D807510">5099</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="74BE5003DE6FDD9AD648C2E03B40EDDD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FC1E53D6A60E73607C737591229777EF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5099.2.9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="50228794FFE5E613F8CFFA25FE31271D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6309259" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193365174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6309259" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:50228794FFE5E613F8CFFA25FE31271D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/50228794FFE5E613F8CFFA25FE31271D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<subSubSection id="90916509FFE5E614F8CFFA25FD9F2386" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D8343682FFE5E614F8CFFA25FDCD23A2" blockId="1.[151,600,1471,1535]" box="[151,600,1471,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<heading id="837C81EEFFE5E614F8CFFA25FDCD23A2" bold="true" box="[151,600,1471,1498]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614F8CFFA25FDCD23A2" bold="true" box="[151,600,1471,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E614F8CFFA25FE6623A2" ID-CoL="9BDKB" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,499,1471,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614F8CFFA25FE6623A2" bold="true" box="[151,499,1471,1498]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Pseudonagoda zhejiangensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE5E614F9A3FA5AFDCD23A2" box="[507,600,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE5E614F8CFFA7EFD9F2386" blockId="1.[151,600,1471,1535]" box="[151,522,1508,1535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12–27</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="90916509FFE5E614F8CFF9B6FC3420F7" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D8343682FFE5E614F8CFF9B6FC3420F7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1580,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614F8CFF9B6FED2203E" bold="true" box="[151,327,1580,1606]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Type-material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="68E33CDFFFE5E614F917F9B6FC3420F7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3465776302" collectingDate="2020-07-11" collectingDateMax="2020-08-06" collectingDateMin="2020-07-11" collectionCode="NEFU" collectorName="X. F. Yang" country="China" elevation="9" latitude="30.254023" location="Hangzhou Botanical Garden" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="120.12352" municipality="Hangzhou City" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Zhejiang" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614F917F9B6FE53203E" bold="true" box="[335,454,1580,1606]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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<typeStatus id="07308820FFE5E614F917F9B6FE55203E" box="[335,448,1580,1606]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="CE8DFD0BFFE5E614F996F9B7FE70203F" box="[462,485,1581,1607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="A09C7612FFE5E614F9AAF9B6FDAD203E" box="[498,568,1580,1606]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="1A4FF860FFE5E614FA1CF9B6FC83203E" box="[580,790,1580,1606]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Zhejiang Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="3850ACF8FFE5E614FB7BF9B6FC5A203E" box="[803,975,1580,1606]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Hangzhou City</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="DD546059FFE5E614FB84F9B6FAB5203E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:50228794FFE5E613F8CFFA25FE31271D:DD546059FFE5E614FB84F9B6FAB5203E" box="[988,1312,1580,1606]" country="China" latitude="30.254023" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="120.12352" municipality="Hangzhou City" name="Hangzhou Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Zhejiang">Hangzhou Botanical Garden</location>
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,
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<elevation id="53A6D1B1FFE5E614FD75F9B6FA02203E" box="[1325,1431,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="9.0">
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<quantity id="1F739B67FFE5E614FD75F9B6FACC203F" box="[1325,1369,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BDBF5045FFE5E614F8CFF9CAFED92013" box="[151,332,1616,1643]" degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" precision="1" seconds="14.48" value="30.254023">30°15'14.48" N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BDBF5045FFE5E614F904F9CAFD8F2013" box="[348,538,1616,1643]" degrees="120" direction="east" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" precision="1" seconds="24.67" value="120.12352">120°07'24.67" E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="AC351042FFE5E614FA73F9CAFD202012" box="[555,693,1616,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="2020-07-11">
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||
<collectingDate id="BC71E9AAFFE5E614FA73F9CAFD202012" box="[555,693,1616,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="2020-07-11">11.VII.2020</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, reared from
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<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E614FB00F9CAFB0C2013" authority="Hance" authorityName="Hance" box="[856,1177,1616,1643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibetana">
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||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614FB00F9CAFBD12012" box="[856,1092,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Castanopsis tibetana</emphasis>
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Hance
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, pupated
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||
<date id="AC351042FFE5E614FD54F9CAFA0D2012" box="[1292,1432,1616,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="2020-07-14">
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||
<collectingDate id="BC71E9AAFFE5E614FD54F9CAFA0D2012" box="[1292,1432,1616,1642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="2020-07-14">14.VII.2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
, emgd.
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<date id="AC351042FFE5E614F8BBF9EEFEFE20F6" box="[227,363,1652,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="2020-08-06">
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||
<collectingDate id="BC71E9AAFFE5E614F8BBF9EEFEFE20F6" box="[227,363,1652,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" value="2020-08-06">6.VIII.2020</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="757E5354FFE5E614F9FEF9EFFD8D20F7" box="[422,536,1653,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">X.F. Yang</collectorName>
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, genit. prep. WuJ-615-1, in
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<collectionCode id="BE9AAE47FFE5E614FB08F9EFFC0820F7" box="[848,925,1653,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">NEFU</collectionCode>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="90916509FFE5E617F89FF902FC9026AD" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D8343682FFE5E614F89FF902FF6B211F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1580,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
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||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614F89FF902FED720CA" bold="true" box="[199,322,1688,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Externally, the new species (Figs 1, 2) is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E614FBD0F903FC6F20CA" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" box="[904,1018,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
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||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614FBD0F903FC6F20CA" box="[904,1018,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 3), but it can be separated from the latter by the following morphological characters (character states for
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<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E614FB96F927FBD420AE" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" box="[974,1089,1725,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614FB96F927FBD420AE" box="[974,1089,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
are parenthesized):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E614FD7EF927FF482082" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614FD7EF927FF482082" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">P. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614F8BDF97AFED52082" bold="true" box="[229,320,1760,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE5E614F8BDF97AFED52082" box="[229,320,1760,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
is smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E614F9AEF97BFDFF2082" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" box="[502,618,1761,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614F9AEF97BFDFF2082" box="[502,618,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, with the length of forewing is
|
||
<quantity id="1F739B67FFE5E614FB8BF97AFB802083" box="[979,1045,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
and a wingspan of only
|
||
<quantity id="1F739B67FFE5E614FD77F97AFAEA2083" box="[1327,1407,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="07308820FFE5E614F89AF89EFEB12166" box="[194,292,1796,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E614F96EF89FFE3F2166" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" box="[310,426,1797,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614F96EF89FFE3F2166" box="[310,426,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E614FA09F89FFC902166" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[593,773,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614FA09F89FFC902166" box="[593,773,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">P. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614FB55F89EFCFD2166" bold="true" box="[781,872,1796,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE5E614FB55F89EFCFD2166" box="[781,872,1796,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, forewing length is
|
||
<quantity id="1F739B67FFE5E614FC08F89EFB352167" box="[1104,1184,1796,1823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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||
and the wingspan approximately
|
||
<quantity id="1F739B67FFE5E614F97DF8B2FEE6213B" box="[293,371,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="07308820FFE5E614F9E5F8B2FDB1213B" box="[445,548,1832,1859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
); the ground colour of the whole body is dark ochreous to fuscous (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E614FD72F8B3FA09213A" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" box="[1322,1436,1833,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614FD72F8B3FA09213A" box="[1322,1436,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is black).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE5E617F89FF8EAFC9026AD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1580,2039]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
|
||
The male genitalia are clearly diagnostic: i) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E614FA80F8EBFC1921F2" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[728,908,1904,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614FA80F8EBFC1921F2" box="[728,908,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">P. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614FBCBF8EAFC7B21F2" bold="true" box="[915,1006,1904,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE5E614FBCBF8EAFC7B21F2" box="[915,1006,1904,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, each apical lobe of the gnathos (Figs 5, 8) is crescent-shaped (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E614F997F80FFDD721D6" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" box="[463,578,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614F997F80FFDD721D6" box="[463,578,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
each apical lobe of the gnathos is rectangle-shaped; Figs 6, 9); ii) the shape of valva is broad triangular with straight costa and narrower cucullus (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E614FB91F823FBA921AA" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" box="[969,1084,1977,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E614FB91F823FBA921AA" box="[969,1084,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the shape of valva is triangular with arc-curved costa and rounded cucullus); iii) the horn-shaped processes of the juxta are large and robust (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE5E617FDD0F847FF7B26C8" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="295" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE5E617FDD0F847FF7B26C8" italics="true" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="1" pageNumber="294">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the same processes are smaller); iv) the finger-shaped process of the aedeagus (Fig. 10) is more slender (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE6E617F8CFFF21FE9F26AC" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,266,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F8CFFF21FE9F26AC" box="[151,266,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the same process is slightly thicker; Fig. 11).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90916509FFE6E616F89FFF44FECE205E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE6E617F89FFF44FBE62681" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,249]" box="[199,1139,222,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F89FFF44FECC2680" bold="true" box="[199,345,222,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult (Figs 1, 2, 7). Wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="1F739B67FFE6E617FAE3FF45FC992681" box="[699,780,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="1F739B67FFE6E617FB89FF45FB872681" box="[977,1042,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8CF4660AFFE6E617F8CFFB74FC8523C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6048602" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6048602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6048602/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" startId="2.[151,264,1262,1286]" targetBox="[151,1435,273,1239]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE6E617F8CFFB74FC8523C2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1262,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F8CFFB74FEAA237E" bold="true" box="[151,319,1262,1286]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">FIGURES 1–11</emphasis>
|
||
Adults and male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE6E617FA3CFB74FCBB237E" box="[612,814,1262,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FA3CFB74FD6E237E" box="[612,763,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">Pseudonagoda</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FB6EFB74FCF4237E" bold="true" box="[822,865,1262,1286]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">1, 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE6E617FB3FFB75FB9D237E" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[871,1032,1262,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FB3FFB75FB9D237E" box="[871,1032,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">P. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FC55FB74FBC9237E" bold="true" box="[1037,1116,1262,1286]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE6E617FC55FB74FBC9237E" box="[1037,1116,1262,1286]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, male, holotype, Zhejiang, China, dorsal view (
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F966FA88FEDE2352" bold="true" box="[318,331,1298,1322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">1</emphasis>
|
||
) and ventral view (
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FA56FA88FD8E2352" bold="true" box="[526,539,1298,1322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">2</emphasis>
|
||
) (in NEFU);
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FAFAFA88FD202352" bold="true" box="[674,693,1298,1322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE6E617FAE3FA89FC532352" authority="Solovyev, 2009" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" box="[699,966,1298,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FAE3FA89FCB72352" box="[699,802,1299,1322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC1A4B73FFE6E617FB7FFA88FC532352" author="Solovyev, A. V." box="[807,966,1298,1322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" pagination="167 - 183" refId="ref4120" refString="Solovyev, A. V. (2009) Notes on South-East Asian Limacodidae (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea) with one new genus and eleven new species. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 152 (1), 167 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 22119434 - 900000273" type="journal article" year="2009">Solovyev, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, holotype, S. Andaman Islands, India (in MWM/ZSM);
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F974FAACFEAC2336" bold="true" box="[300,313,1334,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">4</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdomen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE6E617F990FAADFDFC2336" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[456,617,1334,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F990FAADFDFC2336" box="[456,617,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">P. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FA36FAACFD2B2336" bold="true" box="[622,702,1334,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE6E617FA36FAACFD2B2336" box="[622,702,1334,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, sternite in left and tergite in right;
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FC7AFAACFBBA2336" bold="true" box="[1058,1071,1334,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">5</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE6E617FC63FAADFB492336" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[1083,1244,1334,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FC63FAADFB492336" box="[1083,1244,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">P. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FCB9FAACFAA42336" bold="true" box="[1249,1329,1334,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE6E617FCB9FAACFAA42336" box="[1249,1329,1334,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype, genit. prep. WuJ-615-1 (aedeagus broken medially, in NEFU);
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FB4CFAC0FCB4230A" bold="true" box="[788,801,1370,1394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE6E617FB75FAC1FC00230A" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" box="[813,917,1371,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FB75FAC1FC00230A" box="[813,917,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, genit. prep. GS 11375 (in MWM/ZSM);
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F8CFFAE4FF3123EE" bold="true" box="[151,164,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">7</emphasis>
|
||
. Left antenna of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE6E617F916FAE5FE7A23EE" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[334,495,1406,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F916FAE5FE7A23EE" box="[334,495,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">P. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F9ACFAE4FDD123EE" bold="true" box="[500,580,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE6E617F9ACFAE4FDD123EE" box="[500,580,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FA09FAE4FDE923EE" bold="true" box="[593,636,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">8, 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Enlarged gnathos:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE6E617FB65FAE5FC4B23EE" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[829,990,1406,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FB65FAE5FC4B23EE" box="[829,990,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">P. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FBBBFAE4FBA623EE" bold="true" box="[995,1075,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE6E617FBBBFAE4FBA623EE" box="[995,1075,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FC19FAE4FBDB23EE" bold="true" box="[1089,1102,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">8</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE6E617FC3AFAE5FB5C23EE" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" box="[1122,1225,1407,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FC3AFAE5FB5C23EE" box="[1122,1225,1407,1430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FC8FFAE4FB7123EE" bold="true" box="[1239,1252,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">9</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FCA0FAE4FAA923EE" bold="true" box="[1272,1340,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">10, 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Enlarged tip of aedeagus:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE6E617F966FA39FE7523C2" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[318,480,1442,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F966FA39FE7523C2" box="[318,480,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">P. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F9BEFA38FDA323C2" bold="true" box="[486,566,1442,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE6E617F9BEFA38FDA323C2" box="[486,566,1442,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FA1DFA38FDCB23C2" bold="true" box="[581,606,1442,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">10</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE6E617FA2CFA39FD4923C2" authorityName="Solovyev" authorityYear="2009" box="[628,732,1443,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siniaevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FA2CFA39FD4923C2" box="[628,732,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">P. siniaevi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617FAB2FA38FC9723C2" bold="true" box="[746,770,1442,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">11</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE6E617F89FFA72FC93205F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1512,2043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F89FFA72FE91207A" box="[199,260,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">Head</emphasis>
|
||
dark ochreous. Labial palpus up-curved, pale yellow to dark ochreous; proboscis absent; antenna strongly bipectinate in basal third then filiform, fuscous (Fig. 7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE6E617F89FF9AAFEFF20A2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1512,2043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F89FF9AAFE8D2032" box="[199,280,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
ground colour dark ochreous mixed with fuscous scales dorsally, golden-brown ventrally; tegula fuscous. Forewing elongated, extensively hyaline covered with rare dark tiny scales. Costa and inner margin areas, as well as venations of forewing and hindwing densely covered with dark ochreous scales; fringe short, dark ochreous. Medial stem of forewing well developed, not branched distally; vein R
|
||
<subScript id="440F34C7FFE6E617FBFFF935FC3A20C5" attach="left" box="[935,943,1711,1725]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">5</subScript>
|
||
branched form R
|
||
<subScript id="440F34C7FFE6E617FC2AF935FBEF20C5" attach="left" box="[1138,1146,1711,1725]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">3</subScript>
|
||
+R
|
||
<subScript id="440F34C7FFE6E617FCC4F935FB3120C5" attach="left" box="[1180,1188,1711,1725]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">4</subScript>
|
||
. Scales on legs ochreous to pale yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE6E617F89FF97EFB9F2086" blockId="2.[151,1437,1512,2043]" box="[199,1034,1764,1791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F89FF97EFEA42086" box="[199,305,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
black, with a greyish yellow longitudinal median band ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE6E617F89FF893FBC92183" blockId="2.[151,1437,1512,2043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE6E617F89FF893FEE1215A" bold="true" box="[199,372,1800,1827]" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs 5, 8, 10). Uncus broad, blunt apically. Gnathos highly modified, bilobed apically, each lobe crescent-shaped with a small triangular process on medial part of lower margin (Fig. 8). Tegumen broad. Valva broad triangular in shape; costa pretty straight; cucullus blunt and rounded; sacculus swollen with rounded saccular process, and a sclerotized, sawblade-shaped internal crest extended from apical of saccular process to medial part of valva base. Juxta broadly V-shaped, bearing a pair of strongly sclerotized, horn-shaped, slightly spiralled processes. Saccus not obvious. Aedeagus tube-shaped, with several small spines and a weakly spiralled, finger-shaped process apically (Fig. 10). Sternite VIII with a sclerotized triangular process (Fig. 4, arrowed).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE7E616F89FFF0CFD8526C8" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,501]" box="[199,528,150,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE7E616F89FFF0CFE0626C8" bold="true" box="[199,403,150,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE7E616F89FFF20FB7F2764" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE7E616F89FFF20FE0426AC" bold="true" box="[199,401,186,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Immature stages</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="40B02A07FFE7E616F9FAFF20FE6C26AC" box="[418,505,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1405,1429]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,524,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-176@3.[151,1435,524,1382]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 12 Final instar larva of Pseudonagoda zhejiangensis sp. nov., lateral view (D= dorsal, SD= subdorsal). © X.F. Yang." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6048604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6048604/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||
–27). Final instar larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40B02A07FFE7E616FB57FF20FCF326AD" box="[783,870,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1405,1429]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,524,1382]" captionTargetId="figure-176@3.[151,1435,524,1382]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 12 Final instar larva of Pseudonagoda zhejiangensis sp. nov., lateral view (D= dorsal, SD= subdorsal). © X.F. Yang." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6048604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6048604/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||
–15)
|
||
<quantity id="1F739B67FFE7E616FBFBFF20FC6126AD" box="[931,1012,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. Larva is of a non-stinging form, with two pairs of black D (= dorsal) setae and one black SD (= subdorsal) seta per segment on each side of the larva. Head dark brown, not visible from above. Ground colour creamy white dyed with light blue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE7E616F89FFEBDFF69278D" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">From lateral view, the body is triangular in shape, bears a pair of large dorsal horns that are pink to black, robust, pointed apically, and conical-shaped. Lateral side of body with an arc-curved, broken, pale yellow medial line, and eight orange spiracles arranged in a line located above lower margin; upper margin of lateral body is bright yellow whereas lower margin bright white dyed with pale yellow. Dorsal side rhombohedral, with an interrupted white medial line throughout the whole body; two deep blue dots spread out on both sides of white medial line at each segment.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8CF4660AFFE7E616F8CFFAE7FF4623C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6048604" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6048604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6048604/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" startId="3.[151,250,1405,1429]" targetBox="[151,1435,524,1382]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE7E616F8CFFAE7FF4623C2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1405,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE7E616F8CFFAE7FE8823ED" bold="true" box="[151,285,1405,1429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">FIGURE 12</emphasis>
|
||
Final instar larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE7E616FA5BFAE4FCB823EE" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[515,813,1406,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE7E616FA5BFAE4FCB823EE" box="[515,813,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Pseudonagoda zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE7E616FB6EFAE4FC1E23EE" bold="true" box="[822,907,1406,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE7E616FB6EFAE4FC1E23EE" box="[822,907,1406,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view (D= dorsal, SD= subdorsal). © X.F. Yang.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE7E616F89FFA72FECE205E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1512,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Cocoon hard and oval-shaped, greyish white with diffused ochreous, sparsely distributed with several ochreous patches (Fig. 23).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90916509FFE7E610F89FF9B5FC3427D5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE7E616F89FF9B5FBD02086" blockId="3.[151,1437,1512,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE7E616F89FF9B5FEB22031" bold="true" box="[199,295,1583,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Two larvae were collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE7E616FA20F9AAFBA72032" authority="Hance" authorityName="Hance" box="[632,1074,1584,1610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibetana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE7E616FA20F9AAFCF12032" box="[632,868,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Castanopsis tibetana</emphasis>
|
||
Hance (Fagaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="AC351042FFE7E616FC01F9AAFB712032" box="[1113,1252,1584,1610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" value="2020-07-11">11.VII.2020</date>
|
||
, and on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE7E616FD66F9AAFEAC2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE7E616FD66F9AAFA092032" box="[1342,1436,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. (Fagaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="AC351042FFE7E616F93AF9CEFE712016" box="[354,484,1620,1646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" value="2021-09-12">12.IX.2021</date>
|
||
, then reared with the samples of its host plants in the laboratory. The larva from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE7E616FD3FF9CEFE3020EA" authority="Hance" authorityName="Hance" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibetana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE7E616FD3FF9CEFEC220EA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Castanopsis tibetana</emphasis>
|
||
Hance
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
began cocooning on
|
||
<date id="AC351042FFE7E616FAC8F9E2FC8920EA" box="[656,796,1656,1682]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" value="2020-07-14">14.VII.2020</date>
|
||
, emerged on
|
||
<date id="AC351042FFE7E616FBF7F9E2FBA320EA" box="[943,1078,1656,1682]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" value="2020-08-06">6.VIII.2020</date>
|
||
, as a male adult that later served as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="07308820FFE7E616F886F906FED520CE" box="[222,320,1692,1718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of this species; the cocoon period lasts approximately 23 days. The second larva reared on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE7E616FD66F906FF2220A2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE7E616FD66F906FA0920CE" box="[1342,1436,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected at the same locality as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="07308820FFE7E616FA25F95AFD7620A2" box="[637,739,1728,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. We presume that this is a 4
|
||
<superScript id="2FFE9BCAFFE7E616FC4BF95AFBB520B6" attach="left" box="[1043,1056,1728,1742]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">th</superScript>
|
||
instar larva (Fig. 16) and possibly the second generation of the year. But unfortunately, the pupation was unsuccessful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE7E616F89FF892FDDC21CA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1512,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
|
||
The larvae feed on the underside of the leaf of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE7E616FB18F892FC3E215A" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[832,939,1800,1826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, starting from one side of the apex of the leaf and feeding on the leaf in a line perpendicular to the midrib, turning when they encounter an older midrib (Figs 16, 17). The soft underbelly is completely covered by the hard dorsal surface when larvae sense attack on a flat surface. When resting on the curved leaves or branches, the body is more tightly wrapped by the hard dorsum on either side and making the underbelly unexposed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE7E611F89FF826FAA42739" blockId="3.[151,1437,1512,2042]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">When disturbed (e.g. touching its body with a finger or brush), the larvae defend themselves from potential predators by rapidly swinging the body from side to side and scraping the leaves vigorously with the mandibles to make a fricative sound. It will continue for several minutes (the related videos are available online in the Suppl. Videos S1, S2). If the stimulation does not continue, the amplitude and frequency of the swing will gradually diminish until it stops. We hypothesize that feeding on the underside of the leaf not only is effective in avoiding predators, but perhaps the louder scraping sound can be made than the sound on the smooth upper leaf surface. For example, when the larvae are on a glass petri dish they still swing back and forth but they do not make any sounds.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8CF4660AFFE0E611F8CFF895FDB521EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6048606" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6048606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6048606/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" startId="4.[151,264,1807,1831]" targetBox="[151,1435,345,1784]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE0E611F8CFF895FDB521EC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1807,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE0E611F8CFF895FEDB215F" bold="true" box="[151,334,1807,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">FIGURES 13–27</emphasis>
|
||
Life history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE0E611F9B4F895FC84215F" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[492,785,1807,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE0E611F9B4F895FC84215F" box="[492,785,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">Pseudonagoda zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE0E611FB4FF895FCF2215F" bold="true" box="[791,871,1807,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE0E611FB4FF895FCF2215F" box="[791,871,1807,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE0E611FB2DF895FC2E215F" bold="true" box="[885,955,1807,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">13–17.</emphasis>
|
||
Front, dorsal, ventral views, and feeding habits of the larvae;
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE0E611F979F8A9FEF22133" bold="true" box="[289,359,1843,1867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">18–22.</emphasis>
|
||
The larva cocooning;
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE0E611FA1FF8A9FDF22133" bold="true" box="[583,615,1843,1867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">23.</emphasis>
|
||
cocoon;
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE0E611FA9AF8A9FC922133" bold="true" box="[706,775,1843,1867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">24, 25.</emphasis>
|
||
Eclosion process, cocoon with reverse neat and circular cut cover after adult emergence;
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE0E611F926F8CDFE512117" bold="true" box="[382,452,1879,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="297">26, 27.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral and ventral views of male adult. Different stages of the holotype but except Fig. 15 (larva that died during rearing). © X.F. Yang.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE1E610F89FFF0DFAE427F1" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
Before the larva builds a cocoon, the dorsal horn will bend inwards, and the dorsal cuticle will soften; the parts of the front and terminus of cuticle will strongly up-curve that will make the larva looking more oval. The larva makes a silk mat in the corner on which they will then make a cocoon around their entire body; the body is extremely tight to the inside of the cocoon, with almost no gaps; the constructing of cocoon is estimated to be completed within 3–4 hours (Figs 18–23). The cocoon is similar to descriptions of most limacodid species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC1A4B73FFE1E610FCD1FEBDFAA92739" author="Holloway, J. D." box="[1161,1340,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref3897" refString="Holloway, J. D. (1986) The moths of Borneo: Part I. Key to families; families Cossidae, Metarbelidae, Ratardidae, Dudgeoneidae, Epipyropidae and Limacodidae. Malayan Nature Journal, 40 (1 - 2), 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1986">Holloway 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC1A4B73FFE1E610FD10FEBDFF46271E" author="Epstein, M. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref3726" refString="Epstein, M. E. (1996) Revision and phylogeny of the Limacodid-group families, with evolutionary studies on slug caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 582, 1 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.582" type="journal article" year="1996">Epstein 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is hard, oval, with a circular lid at one end after the adult crawls out (Figs 24, 25). The adult is very active after eclosion and flies wildly within the rearing box, resulting in rapid breakage of its forewings (Figs 26, 27).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE1E610F89FFE09FC3427D5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,610]" box="[199,929,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F89FFE09FEC327D5" bold="true" box="[199,342,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE1E610F905FE09FE5F27D5" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[349,458,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE1E610F98CFE09FC8427D5" authority="Hance" authorityName="Hance" box="[468,785,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tibetana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F98CFE09FD5527D5" box="[468,704,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Castanopsis tibetana</emphasis>
|
||
Hance
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE1E610FB44FE09FC3427D5" box="[796,929,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610FB44FE09FCEF27D5" box="[796,890,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90916509FFE1E610F89FFE2CFC8427A9" box="[199,785,438,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE1E610F89FFE2CFC8427A9" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,610]" box="[199,785,438,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F89FFE2CFEF427A8" bold="true" box="[199,353,438,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A09C7612FFE1E610F93FFE2DFE3B27A9" box="[359,430,439,465]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4FF860FFE1E610F9E1FE2DFD1927A9" box="[441,652,439,465]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Zhejiang Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Hangzhou.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90916509FFE1E610F89FFE41FA082300" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE1E610F89FFE41FB58278D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,610]" box="[199,1229,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F89FFE41FEDB278D" bold="true" box="[199,334,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is named after the
|
||
<typeStatus id="07308820FFE1E610FAAFFE41FCB2278D" box="[759,807,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4FF860FFE1E610FBFEFE41FBE2278D" box="[934,1143,475,501]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Zhejiang Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A09C7612FFE1E610FCDAFE41FB5C278D" box="[1154,1225,475,501]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE1E610F89FFE65FBB5241A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F89FFE65FE112461" bold="true" box="[199,388,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Molecular data.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="68E33CDFFFE1E610F9D2FE65FB89241A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3465776301" accessionNumber="OL807620, OL807621" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="07308820FFE1E610F9E4FE65FD8B2461" box="[444,542,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(GenBank accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="C7D8AB61FFE1E610FB34FE65FC722462" box="[876,999,511,538]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OL807620" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" type="GenBank">OL807620</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and a larva (GenBank accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="C7D8AB61FFE1E610F89CFDB9FEAA2446" box="[196,319,547,574]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OL807621" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" type="GenBank">OL807621</accessionNumber>
|
||
) of the new species, were barcoded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC1A4B73FFE1E610FAB0FDB9FC2A2445" author="Hebert, P. D. N. & Cywinska, A. & Ball, S. L. & de Waard, J. R." box="[744,959,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" pagination="313 - 321" refId="ref3835" refString="Hebert, P. D. N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L. & de Waard, J. R. (2003) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 270, 313 - 321. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2002.2218" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Hebert
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610FB67FDB9FCE72445" box="[831,882,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The molecular marker of two sequences COI-
|
||
<specimenCount id="CE8DFD0BFFE1E610F88BFDDCFF662419" box="[211,243,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" type="generic">5P.</specimenCount>
|
||
Both sequences are of 662 base pairs corrected and aligned (see below)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE1E610F8CFFD15FB5924D2" blockId="5.[151,1437,655,1004]" box="[151,1228,655,682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE1E610F8CFFD15FE4924D1" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,476,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F8CFFD15FE4924D1" box="[151,476,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Pseudonagoda zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F9BAFD15FDA924D1" bold="true" box="[482,572,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE1E610F9BAFD15FDA924D1" box="[482,572,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Adult,
|
||
<typeStatus id="07308820FFE1E610FAC2FD15FD6A24D1" box="[666,767,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, GenBank accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="C7D8AB61FFE1E610FC12FD15FB5124D2" box="[1098,1220,655,682]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OL807620" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" type="GenBank">OL807620</accessionNumber>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE1E610F8CFFD2CFA082594" blockId="5.[151,1437,655,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">ATCTGAGCTGGAATAGTAGGAACATCTCTAAGATTAATAATTCGAGCTGAATTAGGAAATCCAGGTTCTTTAATTGGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACTGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTT - TATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGTAATTGATTAGTACCTTTAATATTAGGAGCTCC TGATATAGCTTTCCCACGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTATTACCCCCTTCTCTTATACTTTTAATTTCAAGAAGTATTGTAGAAAATGGGGCAGGAACAGGTTGAACAGTCTATCCTCCTTTATCTTCCAATATTGCACATAGTGGTAGATCAGTAGATTTAGCAATTTTTTCCCTTCATCTAGCGGGAATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGGGCTGTAAATTTCATTACCACTATTATTAATATACGACCTAATGGAATATCATTTGACCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGAGCAGTAGGAATTACTGCATTATTATTACTCCTTTCTTTACCAGTATTAGCCGGAGCTATTACTATATTATTAACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACTTCATTCTTTGATCCAGCTGGAGGAGGAGATCCTATTTTATATCAACATTTATTTTGATTTTTTGGTCACCCTGAAGTTTA</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE1E610F8CFFB81FBCB224E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1051,1400]" box="[151,1118,1051,1078]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE1E610F8CFFB81FE49224D" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,476,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F8CFFB81FE49224D" box="[151,476,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Pseudonagoda zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F9BAFB81FDA9224D" bold="true" box="[482,572,1051,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE1E610F9BAFB81FDA9224D" box="[482,572,1051,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Larva, GenBank accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="C7D8AB61FFE1E610FB83FB81FBC2224E" box="[987,1111,1051,1078]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OL807621" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" type="GenBank">OL807621</accessionNumber>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE1E610F8CFFBD8FA082300" blockId="5.[151,1437,1051,1400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">ATCTGAGCTGGAATAGTAGGAACATCTCTAAGATTAATAATTCGAGCTGAATTAGGAAATCCAGGTTCTTTAATTGGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACTGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTT - TATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGTAATTGATTAGTACCTTTAATATTAGGAGCTCC TGATATAGCTTTCCCACGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTATTACCCCCTTCTCTTATACTTTTAATTTCAAGAAGTATTGTAGAAAATGGGGCAGGAACAGGTTGAACAGTCTATCCTCCTTTATCTTCCAATATTGCACATAGTGGTAGATCAGTAGATTTAGCAATTTTTTCCCTTCATCTAGCGGGAATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGGGCTGTAAATTTCATTACCACTATTATTAATATACGACCTAATGGAATATCATTTGACCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGAGCAGTAGGAATTACTGCATTATTATTACTCCTTTCTTTACCAGTATTAGCCGGAGCTATTACTATATTATTAACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACTTCATTCTTTGATCCAGCTGGAGGAGGAGATCCTATTTTATATCAACATTTATTTTGATTTTTTGGTCACCCTGAAGTTTA</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90916509FFE1E613F89FFA3DFE31271D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE1E610F89FFA3DFDDB200D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1446,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F89FFA3DFEAE23B9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1447,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The sequence with GenBank accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="C7D8AB61FFE1E610FB3AFA3DFC4E23B9" box="[866,987,1447,1473]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OL807621" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" type="GenBank">OL807621</accessionNumber>
|
||
came from the larva (Fig. 15) that died during the rearing process. After death, the larva was stored in 100% alcohol and subsequently used for DNA extraction and amplification. To date, all three known species of this genus are represented by a single male
|
||
<typeStatus id="07308820FFE1E610FD62FA75FA092071" box="[1338,1436,1519,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and, with the exception of this new species, molecular data and immature stages are lacking. In this article, the life history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE1E610F955F9ADFE542029" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[269,449,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F955F9ADFE542029" box="[269,449,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">P. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F991F9ADFDB12029" bold="true" box="[457,548,1591,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE1E610F991F9ADFDB12029" box="[457,548,1591,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was recorded, as well as the DNA was extracted and sequenced. The barcode sequences were deposited in GenBank.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE1E610F89FF9E5FA1921C1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1446,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
Mr.John Horstman once collected and reared a larva that successfully eclosed as a male adult in Pu'er City of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4FF860FFE1E610FD3EF9E5FEB920C5" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A09C7612FFE1E610F96FF939FEE820C5" box="[311,381,1699,1725]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and posted the photos online. Although we cannot be certain which species it is, we were able to identify it as belonging to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE1E610FA17F95DFD602099" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1990" box="[591,757,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610FA17F95DFD602099" box="[591,757,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Pseudonagoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(https://twitter.com/sinobug/status/1090597104706248705). In addition, Ms.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE1E610F90BF971FE74217D" authority="Roth" authorityName="Roth" box="[339,481,1771,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina Roth</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also shared some photographs of the larvae of this genus from Shangrao City of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4FF860FFE1E610F8CFF895FEC12151" box="[151,340,1807,1833]" country="China" name="Jiangxi" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Jiangxi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
on iNaturalist platform. The collection site is not far from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="07308820FFE1E610FC43F895FBDE2151" box="[1051,1099,1807,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE1E610FDD0F895FEBB2135" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610FDD0F895FEBB2135" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">P. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F96DF8A9FE1B2135" bold="true" box="[309,398,1843,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE1E610F96DF8A9FE1B2135" box="[309,398,1843,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and we speculate that these samples could be probably conspecific (https://www.inaturalist. org/observations/104722689). Additional adult specimens from both localities are still needed to confirm the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE1E610F8AAF8E1FE3021ED" authority="Wu & Yang & Han, 2022" authorityName="Wu & Yang & Han" authorityYear="2022" box="[242,421,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhejiangensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F8AAF8E1FE3021ED" box="[242,421,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">P. zhejiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610F9F5F8E1FD9D21ED" bold="true" box="[429,520,1915,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F1CC57EBFFE1E610F9F5F8E1FD9D21ED" box="[429,520,1915,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in Pu'er City of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4FF860FFE1E610FA9CF8E1FC1321ED" box="[708,902,1915,1941]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Shangrao City of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4FF860FFE1E610FCDFF8E1FAD321ED" box="[1159,1350,1915,1941]" country="China" name="Jiangxi" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Jiangxi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A09C7612FFE1E610FD0AF8E1FA0C21ED" box="[1362,1433,1915,1941]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. What is certain, is that the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE1E610FA53F805FD2421C1" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1990" box="[523,689,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE1E610FA53F805FD2421C1" box="[523,689,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Pseudonagoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in at least two other provinces in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A09C7612FFE1E610FC25F805FB5521C1" box="[1149,1216,1951,1977]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
besides
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A4FF860FFE1E610FD78F805FA1221C1" box="[1312,1415,1951,1977]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8343682FFE1E613F89FF859FE31271D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1446,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="5" pageNumber="298">
|
||
Females of this genus remain unknown. Among the cup moths known as having transparent patchy wings females are recorded for the following genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE2E613FADEFF0DFC4C26C9" authority="Matsumura, 1931" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1931" box="[646,985,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Nagodopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE2E613FADEFF0DFC9F26C9" box="[646,778,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="299">Nagodopsis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC1A4B73FFE2E613FB49FF0DFC4C26C9" author="Matsumura, S." box="[785,985,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="299" pagination="101 - 116" refId="ref4024" refString="Matsumura, S. (1931) Descriptions of some new genera and species from Japan, with a list of species of the family Cochlidionidae. Insecta Matsumurana, 5, 101 - 116." type="journal article" year="1931">Matsumura, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE2E613FBBCFF0DFB4226C9" authority="Moore, 1887" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1887" box="[996,1239,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Nagoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE2E613FBBCFF0DFBA826C9" box="[996,1085,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="299">Nagoda</emphasis>
|
||
Moore, 1887
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE2E613FD49FF0DFEB826AD" authority="Moore, 1883" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Cheromettia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE2E613FD49FF0DFA0926C9" box="[1297,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="299">Cheromettia</emphasis>
|
||
Moore, 1883
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All these three genera are sexually dimorphic. It seems that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE2E613FC54FF21FB0B26AD" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[1036,1182,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limacodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the clearwing or with clear patches on the wing species tend to be sexually dimorphic (Dr. Marc E. Epstein, pers comm.
|
||
<date id="AC351042FFE2E613FC8DFF45FA042681" box="[1237,1425,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="299" value="2022-01-18">18 January 2022</date>
|
||
). Therefore, we presume that it is highly possible that species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8B4D01FFE2E613FBE1FE99FBCA2765" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1990" box="[953,1119,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Pseudonagoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAFFEA90FFE2E613FBE1FE99FBCA2765" box="[953,1119,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="299">Pseudonagoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also sexually dimorphic. Female characters can be better studied and recorded by collecting and rearing more larvae or pupae, so female adult specimens are obtained.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |