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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-205-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4024A478048757B197E5CF8734331A9E" ModsDocID="1314-2003-205-99" checkinTime="1661230211668" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="O'Donnell, Shawn A., Ringelberg, Jens J. &amp; Lewis, Gwilym P." docDate="2022" docId="28C1E326726959F78F8F03FBE2464E11" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 205: 99-145" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 205" docPubDate="2022-08-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790" docTitle="Entada elephantina S. A. O'Donnell &amp; G. P. Lewis 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="4024A478048757B197E5CF8734331A9E" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="4024A478048757B197E5CF8734331A9E" masterDocTitle="Re-circumscription of the mimosoid genus Entada including new combinations for all species of the phylogenetically nested Elephantorrhiza (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade)" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1661230211668" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Re-circumscription of the mimosoid genus Entada including new combinations for all species of the phylogenetically nested Elephantorrhiza (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>O'Donnell, Shawn A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0731-7425</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE 1 8 ST, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">shawn.odonnell@cantab.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ringelberg, Jens J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-5210</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lewis, Gwilym P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-4577</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW 9 3 AE, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-08-22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>205</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>99</mods:start>
<mods:end>145</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-205-99</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4024A478048757B197E5CF8734331A9E</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:28C1E326726959F78F8F03FBE2464E11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/28C1E326726959F78F8F03FBE2464E11" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName LSID="28C1E326-7269-59F7-8F8F-03FBE2464E11" authority="(Burch.) S. A. O'Donnell &amp; G. P. Lewis" authorityName="S. A. O'Donnell &amp; G. P. Lewis" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="ODonnell &amp; Ringelberg &amp; Lewis" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Entada" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Entada elephantina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elephantina" status="comb. nov.">
Entada elephantina (Burch.) S.A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="ODonnell">O'Donnell</normalizedToken>
&amp; G.P. Lewis
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="99">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName authorityName="ODonnell &amp; Ringelberg &amp; Lewis" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="ODonnell &amp; Ringelberg &amp; Lewis" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Elephantorrhiza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elephantorrhiza elephantina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elephantina" status="comb. nov.">≡ Elephantorrhiza elephantina</taxonomicName>
(Burch.) Skeels, Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 176: 29. 1910.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="Kuru, W. J" country="SOUTH AFRICA" location="Kuruman District" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="South Africa">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
, Bechuland Division,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:28C1E326726959F78F8F03FBE2464E11:2B7FE8276CA53C761A2EAC3FCA9F73B7" country="SOUTH AFRICA" name="Kuruman District" stateProvince="Cape Province">Kuruman District</location>
,
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Matlowing River" secondLocation="Kuru">
between Matlowing River and
<collectorName>
Kuru,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">W.J. Burchell 2410</emphasis>
</collectorName>
</locationDeviation>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: K [K000232273]; isotypes: GH [GH00058379], P [P00418275])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="basionym">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Basionym.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia elephantina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elephantina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Acacia elephantina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Burch., Trav. S. Africa 2: 236. 1824.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Geoxylic suffrutex with erect, annual, herbaceous stems 20-90 cm arising from the woody end of an elongate subterranean axis (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Entada elephantina habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures. A growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 32241269) B geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 44861491) C spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 62025284) D spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore, Ueda (2021) observation 62547631) E immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12A, B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Leaves</emphasis>
: petiole 1.3-3.6(-8) cm long, rachis 3.5-13.5(-17.5) long; pinnae 2-4 pairs on lower leaves, 7-17 pairs on upper leaves, 3-9(-10.5) cm long, with (7-)12-45(-55) pairs of leaflets; leaflets (4-)5-10(-15)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(0.3-)0.5-2(-2.5) mm, linear to linear-oblong, apex acute to rarely obtuse, sometimes asymmetric, mucronate, base oblique, lamina glabrous (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Entada elephantina habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures. A growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 32241269) B geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 44861491) C spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 62025284) D spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore, Ueda (2021) observation 62547631) E immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12B, E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Inflorescence</emphasis>
: an axillary spiciform raceme usually confined to the lower part of the stem, (2-)4-8(-12) cm long, solitary or grouped, rachises usually glabrous (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Entada elephantina habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures. A growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 32241269) B geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 44861491) C spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 62025284) D spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore, Ueda (2021) observation 62547631) E immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12B-D</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Flowers</emphasis>
: cream-coloured, yellow or yellowish-white, pedicels 1.5 mm long, articulated near the middle, with minute reddish to reddish-brown glands at the base; calyx campanulate, 1.75 mm long, distinctly toothed, glabrous; petals 2.75-3.75 mm long; stamen filaments 6.5 mm long (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Entada elephantina habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures. A growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 32241269) B geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 44861491) C spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 62025284) D spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore, Ueda (2021) observation 62547631) E immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12D</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fruit</emphasis>
: a laterally compressed, straight to slightly curved craspedium, (5-)9.5-15(-21)
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-5.7 cm, lacking transverse septa between seeds, thus leaving the valves to separate from the replum intact upon ripening, the epicarp exfoliating from the endocarp; umbonate over seeds (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Entada elephantina habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures. A growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 32241269) B geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 44861491) C spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 62025284) D spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore, Ueda (2021) observation 62547631) E immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12E</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Seeds</emphasis>
: ellipsoid, 18-26
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
13-18
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6-13 mm.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. A. O'Donnell &amp; G. P. Lewis" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="ODonnell &amp; Ringelberg &amp; Lewis" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Entada" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Entada elephantina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elephantina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Entada elephantina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">CC BY-NC 4.0</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Ueda, K" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="iNaturalist.org" refId="B59" refString="Ueda, K, 2021. iNaturalist Research-grade Observations. iNaturalist.org" title="iNaturalist Research-grade Observations." url="iNaturalist.org" year="2021">Ueda (2021)</bibRefCitation>
observation 32241269)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">CC BY-NC 4.0</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Ueda, K" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="iNaturalist.org" refId="B59" refString="Ueda, K, 2021. iNaturalist Research-grade Observations. iNaturalist.org" title="iNaturalist Research-grade Observations." url="iNaturalist.org" year="2021">Ueda (2021)</bibRefCitation>
observation 44861491)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">CC BY-NC 4.0</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Ueda, K" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="iNaturalist.org" refId="B59" refString="Ueda, K, 2021. iNaturalist Research-grade Observations. iNaturalist.org" title="iNaturalist Research-grade Observations." url="iNaturalist.org" year="2021">Ueda (2021)</bibRefCitation>
observation 62025284)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore,
<bibRefCitation author="Ueda, K" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="iNaturalist.org" refId="B59" refString="Ueda, K, 2021. iNaturalist Research-grade Observations. iNaturalist.org" title="iNaturalist Research-grade Observations." url="iNaturalist.org" year="2021">Ueda (2021)</bibRefCitation>
observation 62547631)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa, Eswatini, Lesotho.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Grassland and open scrub, sometimes gregarious (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Entada elephantina habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures. A growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 32241269) B geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 44861491) C spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 62025284) D spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore, Ueda (2021) observation 62547631) E immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12A</figureCitation>
); 1060-1360 m alt.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Note.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<bibRefCitation author="Brenan, JPM" editor="Brenan, JPM" journalOrPublisher="3, Pt 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="13 - 23" refId="B12" refString="Brenan, JPM, 1970. 2. Entada. In: Brenan, JPM, Ed., Flora Zambesiaca, Vol. 3, Pt 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London: 13 - 23" title="2. Entada." volumeTitle="Flora Zambesiaca, Vol." year="1970">Brenan (1970</bibRefCitation>
, p. 28) and
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v11i3.1455" author="Ross, JH" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B49" refString="Ross, JH, 1974. The genus Elephantorrhiza. Bothalia 11(3): 247-257. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v11i3.1455" title="The genus Elephantorrhiza. Bothalia 11 (3): 247 - 257." url="https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v11i3.1455" year="1974">Ross (1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 250;
<bibRefCitation author="Ross, JH" editor="Ross, JH" journalOrPublisher="16, Pt 1. Department of Agricultural and Technical Services, Pretoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="138 - 150" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51376971" refId="B50" refString="Ross, JH, 1975a. 12. Elephantorrhiza. In: Ross, JH, Ed., Flora of Southern Africa, Vol. 16, Pt 1. Department of Agricultural and Technical Services, Pretoria: 138 - 150, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51376971" title="12. Elephantorrhiza." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51376971" volumeTitle="Flora of Southern Africa, Vol." year="1975 a">1975a</bibRefCitation>
, p. 141) noted that leaf characters vary considerably across the range of
<taxonomicName family="Leguminosae" genus="E." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. elephantina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="elephantina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E. elephantina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Specimens from the western portion of the range tend to have fewer pinnae and leaflets with larger leaflets; those from eastern areas bear more numerous pinnae and leaflets, with smaller leaflets. This variation appears to be continuous, so neither author attempted to subdivide the taxon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>