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206 lines
21 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-205-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4024A478048757B197E5CF8734331A9E" ModsDocID="1314-2003-205-99" checkinTime="1661230211668" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="O'Donnell, Shawn A., Ringelberg, Jens J. & Lewis, Gwilym P." docDate="2022" docId="28C1E326726959F78F8F03FBE2464E11" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 205: 99-145" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 205" docPubDate="2022-08-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790" docTitle="Entada elephantina S. A. O'Donnell & G. P. Lewis 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="4024A478048757B197E5CF8734331A9E" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="4024A478048757B197E5CF8734331A9E" masterDocTitle="Re-circumscription of the mimosoid genus Entada including new combinations for all species of the phylogenetically nested Elephantorrhiza (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade)" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1661230211668" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Re-circumscription of the mimosoid genus Entada including new combinations for all species of the phylogenetically nested Elephantorrhiza (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>O'Donnell, Shawn A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0731-7425</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE 1 8 ST, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">shawn.odonnell@cantab.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ringelberg, Jens J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-5210</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lewis, Gwilym P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-4577</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW 9 3 AE, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-08-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>205</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>99</mods:start>
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<mods:end>145</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-205-99</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4024A478048757B197E5CF8734331A9E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:28C1E326726959F78F8F03FBE2464E11" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/28C1E326726959F78F8F03FBE2464E11" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="28C1E326-7269-59F7-8F8F-03FBE2464E11" authority="(Burch.) S. A. O'Donnell & G. P. Lewis" authorityName="S. A. O'Donnell & G. P. Lewis" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="O’Donnell & Ringelberg & Lewis" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Entada" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Entada elephantina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elephantina" status="comb. nov.">
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Entada elephantina (Burch.) S.A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Donnell">O'Donnell</normalizedToken>
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& G.P. Lewis
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="99">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="O’Donnell & Ringelberg & Lewis" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="O’Donnell & Ringelberg & Lewis" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Elephantorrhiza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elephantorrhiza elephantina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elephantina" status="comb. nov.">≡ Elephantorrhiza elephantina</taxonomicName>
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(Burch.) Skeels, Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 176: 29. 1910.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="Kuru, W. J" country="SOUTH AFRICA" location="Kuruman District" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cape Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="South Africa">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Cape Province</collectingRegion>
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, Bechuland Division,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:28C1E326726959F78F8F03FBE2464E11:2B7FE8276CA53C761A2EAC3FCA9F73B7" country="SOUTH AFRICA" name="Kuruman District" stateProvince="Cape Province">Kuruman District</location>
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,
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<locationDeviation firstLocation="Matlowing River" secondLocation="Kuru">
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between Matlowing River and
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<collectorName>
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Kuru,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">W.J. Burchell 2410</emphasis>
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</collectorName>
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</locationDeviation>
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(
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: K [K000232273]; isotypes: GH [GH00058379], P [P00418275])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="basionym">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Basionym.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia elephantina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elephantina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Acacia elephantina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Burch., Trav. S. Africa 2: 236. 1824.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Geoxylic suffrutex with erect, annual, herbaceous stems 20-90 cm arising from the woody end of an elongate subterranean axis (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Entada elephantina habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures. A growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 32241269) B geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 44861491) C spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 62025284) D spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore, Ueda (2021) observation 62547631) E immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12A, B</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Leaves</emphasis>
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: petiole 1.3-3.6(-8) cm long, rachis 3.5-13.5(-17.5) long; pinnae 2-4 pairs on lower leaves, 7-17 pairs on upper leaves, 3-9(-10.5) cm long, with (7-)12-45(-55) pairs of leaflets; leaflets (4-)5-10(-15)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(0.3-)0.5-2(-2.5) mm, linear to linear-oblong, apex acute to rarely obtuse, sometimes asymmetric, mucronate, base oblique, lamina glabrous (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Entada elephantina habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures. A growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 32241269) B geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 44861491) C spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 62025284) D spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore, Ueda (2021) observation 62547631) E immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12B, E</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Inflorescence</emphasis>
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: an axillary spiciform raceme usually confined to the lower part of the stem, (2-)4-8(-12) cm long, solitary or grouped, rachises usually glabrous (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Entada elephantina habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures. A growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 32241269) B geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 44861491) C spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 62025284) D spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore, Ueda (2021) observation 62547631) E immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12B-D</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Flowers</emphasis>
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: cream-coloured, yellow or yellowish-white, pedicels 1.5 mm long, articulated near the middle, with minute reddish to reddish-brown glands at the base; calyx campanulate, 1.75 mm long, distinctly toothed, glabrous; petals 2.75-3.75 mm long; stamen filaments 6.5 mm long (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Entada elephantina habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures. A growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 32241269) B geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 44861491) C spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 62025284) D spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore, Ueda (2021) observation 62547631) E immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12D</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fruit</emphasis>
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: a laterally compressed, straight to slightly curved craspedium, (5-)9.5-15(-21)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-5.7 cm, lacking transverse septa between seeds, thus leaving the valves to separate from the replum intact upon ripening, the epicarp exfoliating from the endocarp; umbonate over seeds (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Entada elephantina habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures. A growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 32241269) B geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 44861491) C spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 62025284) D spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore, Ueda (2021) observation 62547631) E immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12E</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Seeds</emphasis>
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: ellipsoid, 18-26
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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13-18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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6-13 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. A. O'Donnell & G. P. Lewis" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="O’Donnell & Ringelberg & Lewis" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Entada" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Entada elephantina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elephantina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Entada elephantina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
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growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">CC BY-NC 4.0</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Ueda, K" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="iNaturalist.org" refId="B59" refString="Ueda, K, 2021. iNaturalist Research-grade Observations. iNaturalist.org" title="iNaturalist Research-grade Observations." url="iNaturalist.org" year="2021">Ueda (2021)</bibRefCitation>
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observation 32241269)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
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geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">CC BY-NC 4.0</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Ueda, K" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="iNaturalist.org" refId="B59" refString="Ueda, K, 2021. iNaturalist Research-grade Observations. iNaturalist.org" title="iNaturalist Research-grade Observations." url="iNaturalist.org" year="2021">Ueda (2021)</bibRefCitation>
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observation 44861491)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
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spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">CC BY-NC 4.0</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Ueda, K" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="iNaturalist.org" refId="B59" refString="Ueda, K, 2021. iNaturalist Research-grade Observations. iNaturalist.org" title="iNaturalist Research-grade Observations." url="iNaturalist.org" year="2021">Ueda (2021)</bibRefCitation>
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observation 62025284)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
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spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore,
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<bibRefCitation author="Ueda, K" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="iNaturalist.org" refId="B59" refString="Ueda, K, 2021. iNaturalist Research-grade Observations. iNaturalist.org" title="iNaturalist Research-grade Observations." url="iNaturalist.org" year="2021">Ueda (2021)</bibRefCitation>
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observation 62547631)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
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immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa, Eswatini, Lesotho.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Grassland and open scrub, sometimes gregarious (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Entada elephantina habitat, habit, reproductive and vegetative structures. A growing in fire-prone open scrub, South Africa (photo: R Gill CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 32241269) B geoxylic suffrutex with erect herbaceous shoots bearing finely divided bipinnate leaves and producing spiciform racemes near ground level, Eswatini (photo: L Loffler CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 44861491) C spiciform racemes clustered near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: tjeerd CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 62025284) D spiciform raceme of open flowers, South Africa (photo: J Whatmore, Ueda (2021) observation 62547631) E immature fruits borne near the base of the stem, South Africa (photo: G Lewis)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732707" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12A</figureCitation>
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); 1060-1360 m alt.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<bibRefCitation author="Brenan, JPM" editor="Brenan, JPM" journalOrPublisher="3, Pt 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="13 - 23" refId="B12" refString="Brenan, JPM, 1970. 2. Entada. In: Brenan, JPM, Ed., Flora Zambesiaca, Vol. 3, Pt 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London: 13 - 23" title="2. Entada." volumeTitle="Flora Zambesiaca, Vol." year="1970">Brenan (1970</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 28) and
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v11i3.1455" author="Ross, JH" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B49" refString="Ross, JH, 1974. The genus Elephantorrhiza. Bothalia 11(3): 247-257. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v11i3.1455" title="The genus Elephantorrhiza. Bothalia 11 (3): 247 - 257." url="https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v11i3.1455" year="1974">Ross (1974</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 250;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ross, JH" editor="Ross, JH" journalOrPublisher="16, Pt 1. Department of Agricultural and Technical Services, Pretoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="138 - 150" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51376971" refId="B50" refString="Ross, JH, 1975a. 12. Elephantorrhiza. In: Ross, JH, Ed., Flora of Southern Africa, Vol. 16, Pt 1. Department of Agricultural and Technical Services, Pretoria: 138 - 150, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51376971" title="12. Elephantorrhiza." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51376971" volumeTitle="Flora of Southern Africa, Vol." year="1975 a">1975a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 141) noted that leaf characters vary considerably across the range of
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<taxonomicName family="Leguminosae" genus="E." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. elephantina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="elephantina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E. elephantina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Specimens from the western portion of the range tend to have fewer pinnae and leaflets with larger leaflets; those from eastern areas bear more numerous pinnae and leaflets, with smaller leaflets. This variation appears to be continuous, so neither author attempted to subdivide the taxon.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |