174 lines
15 KiB
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174 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.668.12203" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f01753f9-57a5-42b1-a440-db460b84ee64" ID-PMC="PMC5538003" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-668-1" ID-PubMed="28824278" ID-ZBK="A3F5117BBEAF4F6CB6E90C45EAC261A9" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-668-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 668" ModsDocTitle="A new genus and species of golden coral (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from the Northwest Atlantic" checkinTime="1492081487951" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Cordeiro, Ralf T. S." docDate="2017" docId="28007438FB1FE89A5B40E357BFDD3700" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 668: 1-10" docOrigin="ZooKeys 668" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.668.12203" docTitle="Flagelligorgia gracilis Cairns & Cordeiro, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="579269D2-B012-4C73-A854-E743F7154252" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="7957C344FFAA40014A75A709FFAA4655" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of golden coral (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from the Northwest Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1668164394211" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new genus and species of golden coral (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from the Northwest Atlantic</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cordeiro, Ralf T. S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>668</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>10</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.668.12203</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.668.12203</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-668-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">A3F5117BBEAF4F6CB6E90C45EAC261A9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A3F5117BBEAF4F6CB6E90C45EAC261A9</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="128527513" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:579269D2-B012-4C73-A854-E743F7154252" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/28007438FB1FE89A5B40E357BFDD3700" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/579269D2-B012-4C73-A854-E743F7154252" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia gracilis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">Flagelligorgia gracilis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="2">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2, 3, 4
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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(Types). Holotype: Alb-2666, 1 specimen now in two pieces, USNM 49503. Paratypes: Alb-2601,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="34.654167">34°39'15"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-33.502777">33°30'10"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 196 m, 1 colony, USNM 16607, 18 October 1885; Alb-2602,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="34.64167">34°38'30"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-75.558334">75°33'30"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 227 m, 1 colony, USNM 16821, 18 October 1885; Alb-2666,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="30.791666">30°47'30"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.816666">79°49'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 494 m, 33 colonies, SEM stubs 2364-2367, USNM 14458, 5 May 1886; Alb-2667,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="30.883333">30°53'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-79.70833">79°42'30"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 499 m, 40 colonies, USNM 14457, 5 May 1886; Gerda-179,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="27.683332">27°41'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.183334">79°11'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 549-567 m, 9 colonies, USNM 57315, 1 July 1963; Megalopa, 11.2 km SSE of Carysfort Reef, Florida Keys, 205 m, 9 July 1950, 1 colony, USNM 51956, 9 July
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">1950</pageBreakToken>
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; Pillsbury-105,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="31.0">31°00'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.7">79°42'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 388-403 m, 2 colonies, USNM 57316, 27 July 1964; Pillsbury-197,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="27.983334">27°59'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.333336">79°20'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 567-586 m, 2 colonies, USNM 52913, 11 August 1964.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Figure 1. Diagnostic characters of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia gracilis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">Flagelligorgia gracilis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A general view of the holotype (USNM 49503) attached to a rocky substrate B detail of the holotype showing the biserial arrangement of polyps C,E cross-section of the stem of the holotype showing its four rounded longitudinal cords D detail of undulating concentric layers of the stem in cross-section. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 5 mm, C, E: 0.1 mm, D: 0.01.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">30°47'30"N, 79°49'W (continental slope off Georgia), 494 m depth.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The colony is unbranched (flagelliform) and quite delicate, with an ascending clockwise spiral growth form (Fig. 1A, 2C). One of the largest specimens (the holotype) is 19 cm in length and only 1.1 mm in basal stem diameter. Colonies are attached to hard objects such as the deep-water coral
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lophelia pertusa" order="Scleractinia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">Lophelia pertusa</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus, 1758), rocks, or echinoid tests, having a thin basal encrustation (holdfast) up to 7 mm in diameter; there are no root-like holdfasts. The axis is longitudinally grooved (Fig. 2D), resulting in four rounded longitudinal cords (1C, E), reflecting the underly
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">ing</pageBreakToken>
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undulated layers of scleroprotein (Fig. 1D), most easily seen in stem cross section. The axis is golden, the coenenchymal tissue usually pale brown to a dull yellow, in ethanol. Polyps are lacking from the proximal 45-50 mm of the stem, which is approximately 1/5-1/3 of the colony length, depending on its maturity (Fig. 1A). Polyps occur biserially, on opposite sides of the stem in alternating fashion (Figs 1B, 2A, C), and are relatively closely spaced such that 1.1-1.4 polyps occur per cm length. The polyps are 0.9-1.2 mm in length and are somewhat cigar-shaped (Fig. 2C), being slightly tapered distally; the greatest diameter (0.35-0.39 mm) is usually at mid-length. The body wall is covered with longitudinally oriented, elongate (L:W = 4.5-5.8), imbricating scales (Fig. 3B) that measure 0.17-0.24 mm in length. They are rounded distally, have smooth lateral edges, and are quite thin (e.g., 13-15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in thickness). Their outer and inner surfaces are smooth. Toward the end of the polyp are smaller scales
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">associated</pageBreakToken>
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with the tentacles (Figs 2B, 3D), similar in shape to the body wall scales but only 0.075-0.10 mm in length. Pinnular sclerites are virtually absent. Scales show concentric bands of interference colors in polarized light. There are no sclerites in the
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">axial</pageBreakToken>
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sheath of coenenchyme. The outer coenenchymal scales (Fig. 3A) are also longitudinally arranged on the stem, elongate (L:W = 4.8-7.9), and imbricate. They have pointed tips and their lateral edges are slightly serrate, each serration up to 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in height; they are also quite thin, and their faces are also smooth. Coenenchymal scales on the first few centimeters of the stem are highly granular (Fig. 3C).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 2. Detailed view of polyps and axis in
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia gracilis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">Flagelligorgia gracilis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (USNM 14458) through Scanning Electron Microscopy. A stereo view of polyps B oral view of a polyp C stereo view of a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="polyp’s">polyp's</normalizedToken>
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abaxial side D stereo view of the axis. Scale bars: A, C: 0.2 mm, B: 0.04 mm, D: 0.01 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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As in other unbranched octocorals, such as species of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Radicipes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Radicipes" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Radicipes</taxonomicName>
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, some specimens (e.g., from USNM 14458, USNM 51956 and USNM 14457) host commensal ophiuroids. Other octocoral species found at the same stations at which
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Flagelligorgia</taxonomicName>
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were collected include:
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella aurea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurea">Plumarella aurea</taxonomicName>
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(Deichmann, 1936),
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella pourtalesii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pourtalesii">Plumarella pourtalesii</taxonomicName>
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(Verrill, 1883),
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plumarella dichotoma" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">Plumarella dichotoma</taxonomicName>
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Cairns & Bayer, 2004,
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Swiftia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Swiftia casta" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="casta">Swiftia casta</taxonomicName>
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(Verrill, 1883) and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Callogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callogorgia americana" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="americana">Callogorgia americana</taxonomicName>
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Cairns & Bayer, 2002.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 3. Sclerites of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia gracilis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">Flagelligorgia gracilis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (USNM 49503, holotype). A rods from coenenchyme B elongate rods from body wall C highly granular scales from first centimeters of the stem D tentacular scales. Scale bars:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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: 0.05 mm, D: 0.02 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Southeastern coast of United States from off Outer Banks, North Carolina to off Carysfort Reef (near Key Largo, Florida) (Fig. 4), 196-567 m depths.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 4. Distribution map of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Flagelligorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flagelligorgia gracilis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">Flagelligorgia gracilis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Named
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<taxonomicName genus="Calcaxonia" lsidName="Calcaxonia gracilis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="gracilis">gracilis</taxonomicName>
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(Latin for slender, gracile), in allusion to the very slender aspect of the colony.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |