treatments-xml/data/D0/71/C4/D071C4122651A259F773574270045CAE.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.222.3618" ID-GBIF-Dataset="59a16869-21cc-44c1-af2b-3424d43be9d8" ID-PMC="PMC3459028" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-222-1" ID-PubMed="23129984" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-222-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 222" ModsDocTitle="Aphaereta ceratitivora sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a new parasitoid of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Tephritidae) from the Azores" checkinTime="1451248738947" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Achterberg, Kees van, Teixeira, Tania &amp; Oliveira, Luisa" docDate="2012" docId="D071C4122651A259F773574270045CAE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 222: 1-9" docOrigin="ZooKeys 222" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.222.3618" docTitle="Aphaereta ceratitivora van Achterberg &amp; Oliveira, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="8769F515FFFFFFBE805AFFFC7F79FFF5" masterDocTitle="Aphaereta ceratitivora sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a new parasitoid of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Tephritidae) from the Azores" masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1668154464512" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Aphaereta ceratitivora sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a new parasitoid of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Tephritidae) from the Azores</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Achterberg, Kees van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Teixeira, Tania</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Oliveira, Luisa</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>222</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>9</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.222.3618</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.222.3618</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-222-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037103" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6AA4B4C3-1AD2-4453-B9F3-E63425D9302A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D071C4122651A259F773574270045CAE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6AA4B4C3-1AD2-4453-B9F3-E63425D9302A" authority="van Achterberg &amp; Oliveira" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aphaereta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphaereta ceratitivora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceratitivora">Aphaereta (Aphaereta) ceratitivora van Achterberg &amp; Oliveira</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="2">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Holotype, ♀ (RMNH), &quot;Portugal: Azores, Ponta Delgada, reared in lab., summer 2010, L. Oliviera, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’11”">RMNH'11&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot;ex 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Ceratitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratitis capitata" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitata">Ceratitis capitata</taxonomicName>
(Wied.)&quot;. Paratypes: 19 ♀ + 20 ♂ (RMNH), with same label data; 10 ♀ + 3 ♂ (RMNH), &quot;Portugal: Azores, S. Miguel Isl., Vila Franca, 15.x.2008, [reared] in lab. ex pupae of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Ceratitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratitis capitata" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitata">Ceratitis capitata</taxonomicName>
(Tephrit.) coll. from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuum">Capsicum annuum</taxonomicName>
, L. Oliviera, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="RMNH’09”">RMNH'09&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Antenna of ♀ with 18-20 segments and 1.1-1.2 times as long as fore wing; pedicellus yellowish-brown, not contrasting with scapus; third antennal segment of ♀ dark brown or brown basally and comparatively slender (Fig. 6); outer side of fourth antennal segment of ♀ straight or nearly so (Fig. 6); fourth-seventh antennal segments of ♀ moderately shiny and dark brown; ventral convex area of side of pronotum moderately narrow and yellowish-brown; medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum absent; wing membrane slightly infuscate; axillar depression narrow to medium-sized and smooth; tegulae brown or dark brown, darker than fore femur; 
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">ventrally</pageBreakToken>
hind basitarsus narrowly acutely protruding postero-ventrally; hind tibia distinctly setose baso-dorsally; hind basitarsus moderately slender and often more or less infuscate; tarsal claws narrow (Fig. 7); median carina of propodeum in lateral view hardly protruding and narrowly lamelliform (Fig. 12); first metasomal tergite strongly widened posteriorly, medially densely and finely rugulose and dark or pale brown (Fig. 11); setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.6 times as long as metasoma and 0.7-0.8 times as long as hind tibia; length of fore wing 1.6-2.4 mm and of body 1.6-2.2 mm.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Figures 1-13. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aphaereta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphaereta ceratitivora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceratitivora">Aphaereta ceratitivora</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype, ♀. 1 wings 2 mandible full view of third tooth 3 hind leg 4 apical segments of antenna 5 head anterior 6 basal segments of antenna 7 hind tarsus 8 head dorsal 9 mesosoma dorsal 10 mandible full view of first tooth 11 first metasomal tergite dorsal 12 habitus lateral 13 axillar depression.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Holotype, ♀, length of body 1.7 mm, of fore wing 1.8 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Head. Antenna 1.2 times length of fore wing and 1.6 times body (Fig. 12), with 19 segments, setae erect and about 1.3 times as long as width of segment, length of third segment 0.8 times fourth segment (Fig. 6), length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 4.0, 5.0 and 2.6 times their width, respectively; apex of scapus oblique and pedicellus medium-sized (Fig. 6); maxillary and labial palp with 6 and 4 segments, respectively; length of maxillary palp equal to height of head; Ocular Ocellar Line: diameter of posterior ocellus: Posterior Ocellar Line = 8:3:4; frons glabrous and smooth, nearly flat; length of eye in dorsal view 1.7 times the temple (Fig. 8); eyes glabrous except for a few setae; temples parallel-sided behind eyes (Fig. 8); median groove of vertex shallow; face smooth, but medio-ventrally punctulate and somewhat rugulose, with long erect setae; clypeus largely smooth (but somewhat punctate laterally), flattened medially, long, setose, not tuberculate laterally and ventral rim truncate (Fig. 5); epistomal groove rather wide, laterally smooth and distinct (Figs 10, 12); anterior tentorial pits medium-sized (Fig. 5); length of malar space 0.2 times basal width of mandible; mandible largely smooth, hardly widened subapically, its medial length 1.75 times maximum width, second tooth much longer than both other lobe-shaped teeth, without incision between first and second tooth, third tooth with curved carina (Figs 2, 10); head 1.6 times as wide as mesoscutum (Figs 5, 9).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.3 times its height; pronope absent, but with a transverse crenulate groove and no antescutal depression; side of pronotum smooth, antero-medially and ventro-posteriorly finely crenulate (Fig. 12), ventral area slightly convex, medium-sized and yellowish-brown; precoxal sulcus only anteriorly and medially moderately crenulate (Fig. 12); mesosternal sulcus wide and coarsely crenulate; metapleuron smooth dorsally and medially, crenulate-rugose ventrally; notauli absent, only anteriorly with horizontal carina (Fig. 9); medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum absent; mesoscutum glabrous (except for a few setae), smooth and with complete lateral carina; scutellar sulcus wide, semi-circular and deep, with one short crenula; axillar depression narrow and rectangular, smooth and rather shallow (Fig. 13); scutellum slightly convex; anteriorly metanotum without median carina and not protruding dorsally (Fig. 12); surface of propodeum mainly smooth dorsally and remainder rather sparsely rugulose (Fig. 9), without lateral protuberance, its median carina moderately protuberant and with narrow triangular medial area (Fig. 9).</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Wings. Fore wing: 1-SR normal; 2-SR oblique; r:3-SR:SR1 = 3:16:51; r somewhat widened (about 3 times as long as its own width), 0.7 times width of pterostigma and issued just before middle of pterostigma (Fig. 1); pterostigma narrow, elliptical (Fig. 1)
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">;</pageBreakToken>
SR1 straight and ending at apex of wing (Fig. 1); 1-CU1:2-CU1 = 1:6; 2-SR:3-SR: r-m = 19:32:8; first subdiscal cell open ventrally and apically; CU1a just below level of 2-CU1; m-cu converging to 1-M. Hind wing: no trace of cu-a and m-cu (Fig. 1), others veins completely sclerotized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Legs. Hind coxa smooth; tarsal claws very slender (Fig. 7), no distinct protuberance but widened basally; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.0, 11.0, and 4.3 times their width, respectively; hind femur largely smooth and parallel-sided; hind tibia somewhat widened apically and subbasally setose; hind tarsal segments with a short and sparsely setose ventro-apical protuberance (Fig. 7); hind basitarsus comparatively robust and slightly narrowed basally (Fig. 7); length of hind tibial spurs 0.4 and 0.5 times hind basitarsus.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Metasoma. Length of first tergite equal to its apical width, its surface distinctly convex and finely rugose medially, remainder largely smooth (Fig. 11), its dorsal carinae distinct in basal 0.8 and tergite widened behind spiracles (Fig. 11); dorsope rather large; second tergite smooth; ovipositor straight; length of setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.27 times fore wing, 0.6 times metasoma and 0.7 times hind tibia, with long setae, ribbon-shaped (except apically) and with a short apical spine (Fig. 12); hypopygium medium-sized and apically subtruncate (Fig. 12).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colour. Black or dark brown; scapus and pedicellus of antenna, mandible (but margins darkened), metasoma largely ventrally and legs (but telotarsi, apex of hind tibia and hind basitarsus slightly infuscate) yellowish-brown; palpi pale yellowish; propleuron, pronotal side ventrally, tegulae, first tergite and veins brown; pterostigma (but pale apically), parastigma and remainder of metasoma rather dark brown; wing membrane slightly infuscate.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Variation. Antenna of ♀ with 18 (4), 19 (17) or 20 (7) segments (but one female with 20 segments in left antenna has 21 segments in right antenna) and 1.1-1.2 times as long as fore wing, of ♂ with 19 (1), 20 (3), 21 (8), 22 (5) or 23 (3) segments and 1.2-1.5 times as long as fore wing; length of fore wing 1.6-2.4 mm, and of body 1.6-2.2 mm; first metasomal tergite 1.0-1.2 times longer than its apical width; length of setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.27-0.32 times fore wing and 0.7-0.8 times hind tibia; axillar depression narrow to medium-sized, rectangular to narrow triangular; tegulae brown or dark brown, darker than fore femur; third antennal segment dark brown or largely brown and rest dark brown; hind tarsus often entirely dark brown or infuscate; second submarginal cell of fore wing parallel-sided or widened basally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Gregarious parasitoid of the Mediterranean fruit fly, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Ceratitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratitis capitata" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitata">Ceratitis capitata</taxonomicName>
(Wiedemann, 1824) (
<taxonomicName family="Tephritidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="family">Tephritidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Portugal (Azores); most likely also France, but no material available for study (see below).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
From the generic name of its host (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Ceratites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratites" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ceratites</taxonomicName>
) and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“voro”">&quot;voro&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Latin for 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“devour”">&quot;devour&quot;</normalizedToken>
), because it is devouring this host.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Similar to the gregarious Nearctic 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aphaereta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphaereta pallipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallipes">Aphaereta pallipes</taxonomicName>
(Say, 1829), but this species is a parasitoid of other families and has the setose part of the ovipositor sheath about as long as the metasoma and longer than the hind tibia. The Mediterranean fruit fl 
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">y</pageBreakToken>
has been reported as host of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aphaereta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphaereta minuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">Aphaereta minuta</taxonomicName>
(Nees, 1911) from South France (
<bibRefCitation author="Ghesquiere, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="66 - 68" title="Un parasite de la Ceratitis capitata Wied. en France." volume="55" year="1950">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ghesquière">Ghesquiere</normalizedToken>
1950
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Martin, H" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="52 - 62" title="Observations et essais de lutte contre Ceratitis capitata Wied. en Provence, 1951." volume="31" year="1952">Martin 1952</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Narayanan and Chawla 1962</bibRefCitation>
), but this is most likely a misidentification. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aphaereta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphaereta minuta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">Aphaereta minuta</taxonomicName>
is very similar, but differs in having the hind basitarsus slenderer (Fig. 21) (less so in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aphaereta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphaereta ceratitivora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceratitivora">Aphaereta ceratitivora</taxonomicName>
; Fig. 7), the antennal segments of ♀ up to 22 (up to 20 segments), the axillar depression wide and finely crenulate (comparatively narrow and smooth), clypeus low basally (steeply elevated), the first tergite less widened posteriorly (more widened posteriorly; Fig. 11)), the tegulae and fore femur similarly coloured (tegulae darker than fore femur) and gregarious parasitoid of dipterous larvae in dung and rotting organic matter; e.g., 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Scatophaga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scatophaga" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scatophaga</taxonomicName>
species in rotting seaweed, and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Sarcophaga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarcophaga" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sarcophaga</taxonomicName>
species in human excrements and rotting 
<taxonomicName class="Cephalopoda" family="Sepiidae" genus="Sepia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sepia" order="Sepiida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sepia</taxonomicName>
species (gregarious parasitoid of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Ceratitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceratitis capitata" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitata">Ceratitis capitata</taxonomicName>
in fruits).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figures 14-25. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aphaereta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphaereta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aphaereta</taxonomicName>
spp. 14, 16 head and mesosoma lateral 15, 17 ovipositor sheath 18, 19 hind tarsal claw 20, 21 hind tarsus 22, 23 scutellum, metanotum and propodeum lateral 24 convex ventral part of pronotal side 25 mesothorax dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>