563 lines
69 KiB
XML
563 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="7E973749C1008BD962DA2E7DBBF21318" ID-CLB-Dataset="6102" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4980.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="778b8e9e-9010-4388-b049-5560cb26b544" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4882907" ID-ZooBank="D538DF5B-E7C8-49B2-AEC0-69A4BB909047" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1622460769385" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dey, Pritha, Uniyal, Virendra Prasad, Hausmann, Axel & Stüning, Dieter" docDate="2021" docId="333FAD5D866EFFA87389BB2C32CB7895" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4980.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4980 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Prometopidia Hampson 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="CF06D525866DFFAF731EBC133225786C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Prometopidia Hampson, 1902, with description of the new species P. joshimathensis sp. nov. from West-Himalaya and its subspecies P. j yazakii ssp. nov. from Nepal (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698995879464" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="ED01274C23534CF9FBAB498379271275">Revision of the genus Prometopidia Hampson, 1902, with description of the new species P. joshimathensis sp. nov. from West-Himalaya and its subspecies P. j yazakii ssp. nov. from Nepal (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Ennominae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D19F8D34A4D8A0858C4A581F2D69F045" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="1D1DB4F192500CDFD723CF66B9A55198">Dey, Pritha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9D708239CAF4D14003CC8220F9220CC5" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3586-9235</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6286513B9BBF3261052DE66E2F69BEFF">Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Rd, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012 (present address). prithadey @ iisc. ac. in; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3586 - 9235 & Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun- 248001, Uttarakhand, India. & SNSB - Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247 Munich, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8072910A560EF7015B5D4D93DCF05887" type="email">prithadey@iisc.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="02A49C41E110C7A4EDF7E42E3EDE6A7C">Uniyal, Virendra Prasad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B252E135F152975E5EAD4D5ED18DBF7D">Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun- 248001, Uttarakhand, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BBC0845C1C9339A748FC9F1B02DC3B45">Hausmann, Axel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9C3FC83A9A02C4B5D9D2F1BD5AD10CB3">SNSB - Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247 Munich, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="132CC25FF8F2FFED8F9574F0BFD4CA4F">Stüning, Dieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="03501DED35017DA9DA325B8CC469751E">Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B20354CA64264E3085C4E8D8830A3B8E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AEA44610F102E88313172F5745286385">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="333FAD5D866EFFA87389BB2C32CB7895" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4945405" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182741737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4945405" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:333FAD5D866EFFA87389BB2C32CB7895" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/333FAD5D866EFFA87389BB2C32CB7895" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="F38C4FC0866EFFAC7389BB2C31987F35" box="[151,957,1855,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BB291C4B866EFFAC7389BB2C31987F35" blockId="3.[151,957,1855,1882]" box="[151,957,1855,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">
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<heading id="E061AB27866EFFAC7389BB2C31987F35" bold="true" box="[151,957,1855,1882]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="89E2C059866EFFAC7389BB2C31987F35" bold="true" box="[151,957,1855,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866EFFAC7389BB2C30207F35" ID-CoL="92KP2" authority="Hampson, 1902" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[151,517,1855,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="89E2C059866EFFAC7389BB2C331F7F36" bold="true" box="[151,314,1855,1882]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">Prometopidia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA866EFFAC725FBB5330207F35" author="Hampson, G." box="[321,517,1855,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" pagination="494 - 519" refId="ref10294" refString="Hampson, G. (1902) The Moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in The Fauna of British India, Series II, Part VII. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 14, 494 - 519." type="journal article" year="1902">Hampson, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, J.
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<collectingCountry id="C3815CDB866EFFAC7131BB5330B27F36" box="[559,663,1856,1882]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">Bombay</collectingCountry>
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nat. Hist. Soc., 14: 509.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F38C4FC0866EFFAC7389BB9731997FF0" box="[151,956,1924,1948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="BB291C4B866EFFAC7389BB9731997FF0" blockId="3.[151,956,1924,1948]" box="[151,956,1924,1948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">
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Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866EFFAC7236BB96306F7FF0" ID-CoL="4MSTP" authority="Hampson, 1902" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[296,586,1924,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conisaria">
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<emphasis id="89E2C059866EFFAC7236BB9633847FF0" box="[296,417,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">P. conisaria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA866EFFAC72B9BB97306F7FF0" author="Hampson, G." box="[423,586,1924,1948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" pagination="494 - 519" refId="ref10294" refString="Hampson, G. (1902) The Moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in The Fauna of British India, Series II, Part VII. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 14, 494 - 519." type="journal article" year="1902">Hampson, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, type-locality: Narkundah, Kashmir.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F38C4FC0866EFFAB7389BBD933AC7E8D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BB291C4B866EFFAB7389BBD9370B7971" blockId="3.[151,1436,1994,2021]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="89E2C059866EFFAC7389BBD933CE7F88" bold="true" box="[151,491,1994,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31">Original generic description</emphasis>
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: “Genus
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<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866EFFAC7146BBD9310E7F88" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[600,811,1994,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">PROMETOPIDIA</taxonomicName>
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, nov. Proboscis fully developed; palpi porrect, slender, hardly reaching as far as the large conical frontal prominence; antennae of male laminate; legs slender; wings slender; forewing with the termen oblique; vein 3 from close to angle of cell; 5 from middle of discocellulars; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from before upper angle; 11 approximated to 12, then 10. Hindwing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 5 obsolescent from middle of discocellulars; 7 from before upper angle; 8 approximated to cell to middle.”
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB291C4B8669FFAB73D9BD34301C7909" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">[NOTE: forewing vein 3 = CuA1; 5 = M2; 7, 8, 9, 10 = R5, R4, R3, R2; 11 = R1; 12 = Sc; hindwing vein 3 = CuA1; 5 = M2; 7 = Rs; 8 = Sc + R1].</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB291C4B8669FFAB73D9BD7D31297999" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="89E2C0598669FFAB73D9BD7D311779E4" bold="true" box="[199,818,366,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Additional characters revealed by present studies.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="89E2C0598669FFAB7023BD7C315F79E5" box="[829,890,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Head</emphasis>
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. Palps covered with narrow, elongate lamellar scales, providing a broader appearance to them; frontal prominence distally rounded or acutely pointed (
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<figureCitation id="23AD00CE8669FFAB7603BD8037AB79C2" box="[1309,1422,403,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,181,1714]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Prometopidia spp., morphological characters. a: P. conisaria, head, lateral view; b: P. joshimathensis yazakii, head, lateral view; c: P. j. yazakii, head, dorsal view; d: P. conisaria, process of 7th sternite, ventral view; e: P. j. yazakii, process of 7th sternite, ventral view; f: P. j. yazakii, process of 7th sternite, lateral view; g: P. conisaria, female, 7th tergite (left, showing rows of modified scales) and 7th sternite with distal process (left side descaled); h: P. joshimathensis, 7th sternite with distal process; i: P. conisaria, female, anterior abdominal segments (left side: sternites with tympanal organs; right side: sternites with supporting sclerites of first phragma; k: P. j. yazakii, abdomen in fluid, 7th segment with distal process (at bottom) and papillae anales with long, curved setae and rows of hooked setae (“Prometopidia-floricomus”)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4882919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4882919/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Figs 4a, b</figureCitation>
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); antennae filiform, slightly flattened and serrated in lateral view, finely ciliate (pubescent) in males, cylindrical, less ciliate in females; chaetosemata small, near eye-margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB291C4B8669FFAB73D9BDEC363E7A51" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="89E2C0598669FFAB73D9BDEC333D7A75" box="[199,280,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Thorax</emphasis>
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. Wings with basal and medial transverse lines absent, fovea in male absent; base of veins Sc and R
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<quantity id="7C6EB1AE8669FFAB766BBDEC37B97A75" box="[1397,1436,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
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hindwings swollen, frenulum present. Index of spurs 0-2-4, hindlegs not dilated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BB291C4B8669FFAB73D9BE5432DA7BED" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="89E2C0598669FFAB73D9BE54338E7A0D" box="[199,427,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Pregenital abdomen</emphasis>
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. Tympanal organs large, ovoid, flattened on tympanum side, basal half of ansa with a lateral curvature and a knob at middle, membranous extension on one side only, opposite to curvature, with straight outer margin; lacinia absent, but a transverse band of sclerotization present; supporting sclerites of phragma between 1
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<superScript id="4CE3B1038669FFAB73F1BEA032DF7AAD" attach="left" box="[239,250,691,705]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">st</superScript>
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and 2
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<superScript id="4CE3B1038669FFAB7221BEA1336A7AAC" attach="left" box="[319,335,690,704]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">nd</superScript>
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segment strap-like, tapering in width towards ventral side (
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<figureCitation id="23AD00CE8669FFAB70F4BEA036127AA2" box="[1002,1079,691,718]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,181,1714]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Prometopidia spp., morphological characters. a: P. conisaria, head, lateral view; b: P. joshimathensis yazakii, head, lateral view; c: P. j. yazakii, head, dorsal view; d: P. conisaria, process of 7th sternite, ventral view; e: P. j. yazakii, process of 7th sternite, ventral view; f: P. j. yazakii, process of 7th sternite, lateral view; g: P. conisaria, female, 7th tergite (left, showing rows of modified scales) and 7th sternite with distal process (left side descaled); h: P. joshimathensis, 7th sternite with distal process; i: P. conisaria, female, anterior abdominal segments (left side: sternites with tympanal organs; right side: sternites with supporting sclerites of first phragma; k: P. j. yazakii, abdomen in fluid, 7th segment with distal process (at bottom) and papillae anales with long, curved setae and rows of hooked setae (“Prometopidia-floricomus”)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4882919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4882919/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Fig. 4i</figureCitation>
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); 1
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<superScript id="4CE3B1038669FFAB7744BEA036407AAD" attach="left" box="[1114,1125,691,705]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">st</superScript>
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and 2
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<superScript id="4CE3B1038669FFAB77B4BEA1369F7AAC" attach="left" box="[1194,1210,690,704]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">nd</superScript>
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tergites and sternite 1+2 sclerotized in males, in females additionally posterior half of 7
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<superScript id="4CE3B1038669FFAB7093BEC531BF7A88" attach="left" box="[909,922,726,740]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">th</superScript>
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tergite sclerotized and the distal margin lined with a dense row of
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<specimenCount id="AD90D7C28669FFAB729EBEE833C87B79" box="[384,493,763,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
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of modified scales (
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<typeStatus id="642DA2E98669FFAB71CDBEE831207B79" box="[723,773,763,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
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1 stiff, elongate, slightly broadening towards forked apex;
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<typeStatus id="642DA2E98669FFAB7389BF0C32E27B55" box="[151,199,799,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
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2 setous); in females only, the distal margin of the 7
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<superScript id="4CE3B1038669FFAB7008BF0D31067B40" attach="left" box="[790,803,798,812]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">th</superScript>
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sternite bears a sclerotized, spatulate process of varying shape, very densely covered with modified scales like those on 7
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<superScript id="4CE3B1038669FFAB7064BF5131A27B3C" attach="left" box="[890,903,834,848]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">th</superScript>
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tergite, but smaller (
|
||
<figureCitation id="23AD00CE8669FFAB776BBF5036EC7B31" box="[1141,1225,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1714]" captionTargetId="figure-18@8.[151,1436,181,1714]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Prometopidia spp., morphological characters. a: P. conisaria, head, lateral view; b: P. joshimathensis yazakii, head, lateral view; c: P. j. yazakii, head, dorsal view; d: P. conisaria, process of 7th sternite, ventral view; e: P. j. yazakii, process of 7th sternite, ventral view; f: P. j. yazakii, process of 7th sternite, lateral view; g: P. conisaria, female, 7th tergite (left, showing rows of modified scales) and 7th sternite with distal process (left side descaled); h: P. joshimathensis, 7th sternite with distal process; i: P. conisaria, female, anterior abdominal segments (left side: sternites with tympanal organs; right side: sternites with supporting sclerites of first phragma; k: P. j. yazakii, abdomen in fluid, 7th segment with distal process (at bottom) and papillae anales with long, curved setae and rows of hooked setae (“Prometopidia-floricomus”)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4882919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4882919/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="7C6EB1AE8669FFAB77B4BF5036EC7B31" box="[1194,1225,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="g" value="4.0">4g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA8669FFAB77CBBF5037B27B31" author="Yazaki, K." box="[1237,1431,834,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" pagination="2 - 27" refId="ref11224" refString="Yazaki, K. (1995) Geometridae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 4. Tinea 14. Supplement 2. The Japan Heterocerists' Society, Tokyo, pp. 2 - 27, text-figs. 537 - 585, pls. 97 - 101." type="book chapter" year="1995">Yazaki, 1995: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 575).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B8669FFAB73D9BF9830E37D61" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598669FFAB73D9BF9833487BC9" box="[199,365,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
with uncus long, narrow, stick-like, strongly bent ventrad near the broadly triangular base, remaining part slightly curved, decorated with a few long setae in the middle, tip a curved spine. Gnathos with long, very narrow lateral arms and a broader, moderately sclerotised, band-like medial part, subanal plate present. Valves elongate, tip rounded, medial surface setous on distal two thirds, setation very dense with longest setae towards costa. The latter broadly sclerotized up to two thirds, broadest in the middle. Sacculus not developed. Valves at base of outer surface with moderately developed coremata, bearing a brush of strong setae exceeding the valves in length. Hemi-transtillae band-like, tapering to a point towards middle, there touching each other, medial parts gently curved dorsad. Juxta of a complicated shape: broadly plate-like at base, then roundly incurved and fringed with long setae (“crista-hairs”), more distally broadening to arm-like processes, narrowed again, distally with a deep incision and finished by a roof-like plate. Saccus small, hardly extending beyond valve bases. Aedeagus narrow and rather short, vesica with a large field of numerous, small teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B8669FFAB73D9B90433AC7E8D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598669FFAB73D9B90433AF7D5D" box="[199,394,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(terminology following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA8669FFAB71B5B90431E27D5D" author="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P." box="[683,967,1302,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" refId="ref11015" refString="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P. (2015) Ennominae I. In: Hausmann, A. (Ed.), The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 5. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 657. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004265738" type="book" year="2015">Skou & Sihvonen, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with ostium bursae moderately funnelshaped, membranous, ductus bursae partly sclerotized (“colliculum”) or without sclerotized part. Posterior part of corpus bursae narrow, weakly sclerotized, fluted, broadening abruptly or gradually towards anterior part or extended into it, the latter membranous, with a stellate signum. At the transition between anterior and posterior part of corpus bursae a broad, ring-like area present which is more strongly and irregularly fluted and scobinate. Abdominal segment A8 reduced to a heavily sclerotized ring, broader dorsally, ventrally consisting of narrow arms, tapering towards middle, covered partly with elongated scales, with a small, medio-ventral gap for the genital opening, the latter membranous, without any ornamentation. Apophyses anteriores relatively short and stout, with triangular bases and enlarged apices. Papillae anales strikingly modified, floricomous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA8669FFAB771CBA2436B37E3D" author="Pierce, F. N." box="[1026,1174,1591,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" refId="ref10572" refString="Pierce, F. N. (1914) The Genitalia of The Group Geometridae of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands. The Northern Publishing Company, LTD., xxix + 88 pp., pls I-XLVIII." type="book" year="1914">Pierce, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), consisting of a collar of numerous, very long, incurved setae, arising from baso-lateral pad-like structures; in the centre between them an ovally cylindrical tube with a double line of specialized, strongly sclerotized setae, their bases straight and with distinct, sharply pointed hooks distally. Apophyses posteriores rather straight, narrower and longer compared to the apophyses anteriores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F38C4FC08669FFAB73D9BAF936FE7FF9" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B8669FFAB73D9BAF937427F1E" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598669FFAB73D9BAF9303A7F68" bold="true" box="[199,543,1770,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Biology, phenology, habitats.</emphasis>
|
||
Immature stages and hostplants are unknown, though, regarding the collecting sites at Joshimath,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88669FFAB7270BB1C33E97F45" box="[366,460,1807,1833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598669FFAB7270BB1C33E97F45" box="[366,460,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be the most probable hostplant: more than 80% of the specimens collected come from localities where oak-trees are dominant (see Introduction and
|
||
<figureCitation id="23AD00CE8669FFAB7096BB2031E07F21" box="[904,965,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,572,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-204@1.[160,1427,561,1865]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. (a) Previous and new records and the type-localities of Prometopidia conisaria, P. joshimathensis joshimathensis, its subspecies yazakii and P. arenosa within Indian territory and the neighbouring countries Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nepal; (b–d) habitats of P. joshimathensis with dominant vegetation as b: Blue Pine (Pinus wallichiana), Joshimath, c: Banj Oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) and Moru Oak (Quercus floribunda), Sunil and d: Kharsu Oak (Quercus semecarpifolia), Auli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4882909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4882909/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Fig.1</figureCitation>
|
||
, b–d). Adults are on the wing in April and May (
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598669FFAB73C5BB4433DC7F1D" box="[219,505,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88669FFAB73C5BB4433627F1C" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[219,327,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conisaria">conisaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88669FFAB724DBB4433DC7F1D" box="[339,505,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joshimathensis">joshimathensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) and in July (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88669FFAB718BBB44311E7F1D" box="[661,827,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joshimathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598669FFAB718BBB44311E7F1D" box="[661,827,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">joshimathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Shimla,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7952D2A98669FFAB70A0BB44362A7F1D" box="[958,1039,1879,1905]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Punjab</collectingRegion>
|
||
, perhaps a second generation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B8669FFAB73D9BB6836FE7FF9" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1243,1914,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Habitats are mainly situated at elevations between
|
||
<quantity id="7C6EB1AE8669FFAB701EBB68316B7FF9" box="[768,846,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600m</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="7C6EB1AE8669FFAB709ABB6931F07FF9" box="[900,981,1914,1941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500m</quantity>
|
||
, rarely lower or higher.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F38C4FC08669FFA873D9BB8D32CB7895" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B8669FFAA73D9BB8D30EF7909" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,150,717]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598669FFAB73D9BB8D33907FD4" bold="true" box="[199,437,1950,1976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Systematic position.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88669FFAB72A5BB8C30717FD5" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[443,596,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598669FFAB72A5BB8C30717FD5" box="[443,596,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="32">Prometopidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88669FFAB7029BB8C31A87FD5" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[823,909,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baptini">Baptini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA8669FFAB7089BB8C36A57FD5" author="Holloway, J. D." box="[919,1152,1950,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 309" refId="ref10337" refString="Holloway, J. D. [1994] The moths of Borneo, part 11: Family Geometridae, Subfamily Ennominae. 309 pp. Malayan Nature Journal, 47, 1 - 309." type="book chapter" year="1994">Holloway [1994: 58]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a detailed diagnosis of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88669FFAB7243BBD0338A7FB1" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[349,431,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baptini">Baptini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and he analysed for this purpose the morphological characters of a large number of East Asian genera of potential
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA72ABBC84302F78DD" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[437,522,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baptini">Baptini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but also includes the typical genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7087BC8436F278DD" authority="Hubner [1825]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[921,1239,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lomographa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7087BC84360F78DD" box="[921,1066,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Lomographa</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner [1825]
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He mainly refers to a number of characters of the male genitalia as potential synapomorphies for the tribe: a gnathos which is weak or absent; a broad, immaculate costal zone and a central zone of long setae on the valve; coremata which are present at the base of the valve; socii which are present in most genera; absence of two characters abundant in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA765CBD1032FE792D" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a transverse group of setae (“setal comb”) on male third abdominal sternite and no fovea on male forewing. These characters are also shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7134BD5830E67909" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[554,707,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7134BD5830E67909" box="[554,707,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Prometopidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B8668FFAA73D9BD7C300A7A51" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA8668FFAA73D9BD7C33C679E5" author="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P." box="[199,483,366,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" refId="ref11015" refString="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P. (2015) Ennominae I. In: Hausmann, A. (Ed.), The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 5. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 657. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004265738" type="book" year="2015">Skou & Sihvonen (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
summarized the published knowledge about the classification of European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7624BD7C329B79C1" authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ennominae">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera into tribes. For the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA712FBD8030A679C1" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[561,643,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baptini">Baptini</taxonomicName>
|
||
they noticed that the geographical extent and the number of included species is unclear and no convincing synapomorphies for this tribe have been identified, except potentially the swelling of the base of the vein Sc in the male hindwing and, as also mentioned by Holloway, [1994: 58] the weakly developed or absent gnathos in the male genitalia, both characters shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA70F8BDEC37137A75" authority="Hampson, 1902" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[998,1334,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA70F8BDEC365A7A75" box="[998,1151,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Prometopidia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA8668FFAA779BBDEC37137A75" author="Hampson, G." box="[1157,1334,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" pagination="494 - 519" refId="ref10294" refString="Hampson, G. (1902) The Moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in The Fauna of British India, Series II, Part VII. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 14, 494 - 519." type="journal article" year="1902">Hampson, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(gnathos weakly developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7298BE30303A7A51" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[390,543,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7298BE30303A7A51" box="[390,543,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Prometopidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B8668FFAA73D9BE5436A57AA1" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Moreover, the very finely ciliate male antennae agree with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA70C5BE5437057A0D" authority="Hubner [1825]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[987,1312,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lomographa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA70C5BE5436497A0D" box="[987,1132,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Lomographa</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner [1825]
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the genus which typifies the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA72BFBE7833D27AE9" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[417,503,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baptini">Baptini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA711FBE7830B77AE9" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[513,658,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lomographa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA711FBE7830B77AE9" box="[513,658,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Lomographa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also possesses a distinctive venational character which it has in common with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7219BE9C33857AC5" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[263,416,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7219BE9C33857AC5" box="[263,416,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Prometopidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: vein R
|
||
<quantity id="7C6EB1AE8668FFAA72E9BEB2303E7AC5" box="[503,539,655,687]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="2.0">
|
||
<subScript id="27121E0E8668FFAA72E9BEB233DA7AC3" attach="left" box="[503,511,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">2</subScript>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
the forewing arises from the common stalk of R
|
||
<subScript id="27121E0E8668FFAA772ABEB236197AC3" attach="left" box="[1076,1084,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">3</subScript>
|
||
–R
|
||
<subScript id="27121E0E8668FFAA7742BEB236417AC3" attach="left" box="[1116,1124,673,687]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">5</subScript>
|
||
. All those characters shared clearly confirm the systematic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA716EBEA0312C7AA1" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[624,777,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA716EBEA0312C7AA1" box="[624,777,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Prometopidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a member of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7738BEA036597AA1" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[1062,1148,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baptini">Baptini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EFE94CC38668FFAA7389BAC930CF7F82" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4882911" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4882911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4882911/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" startId="5.[151,250,1754,1778]" targetBox="[163,1421,751,1721]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B8668FFAA7389BAC930CF7F82" blockId="5.[151,1437,1754,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7389BAC933367E9E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1754,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA727ABAC933B97E9E" bold="true" box="[356,412,1754,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">(a–f),</emphasis>
|
||
including lectotype
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7170BAC9309B7E9E" bold="true" box="[622,702,1754,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">(g1, g2)</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA71FFBAC931F67E9E" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[737,979,1754,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conisaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA71FFBAC931F67E9E" box="[737,979,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">Prometopidia conisaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7721BAC836CA7E9E" box="[1087,1263,1754,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joshimathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7721BAC836CA7E9E" box="[1087,1263,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. joshimathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA77E8BAC9370B7E9E" bold="true" box="[1270,1326,1754,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">(h–o)</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7625BAC9376D7E9E" bold="true" box="[1339,1352,1754,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">a</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7648BAC832F77F7A" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conisaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7648BAC832F77F7A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. conisaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (Afghanistan, ZFMK);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA710ABAED30077F7A" bold="true" box="[532,546,1790,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">b</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7130BAEC30837F7A" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[558,678,1791,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conisaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7130BAEC30837F7A" box="[558,678,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. conisaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, (Pakistan, CMS);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA70BDBAED318B7F7A" bold="true" box="[931,942,1790,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">c</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA70A5BAEC36167F7A" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[955,1075,1791,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conisaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA70A5BAEC36167F7A" box="[955,1075,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. conisaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (Pakistan, CMS);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7623BAED376E7F7A" bold="true" box="[1341,1355,1790,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">d</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7649BAEC32F77F56" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conisaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7649BAEC32F77F56" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. conisaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (Pakistan, ZFMK);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA72F1BB3133DF7F56" bold="true" box="[495,506,1826,1850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">e</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7119BB30305A7F56" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[519,639,1827,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conisaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7119BB30305A7F56" box="[519,639,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. conisaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (India, Uttarakhand; NCBS);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA70F2BB3131D17F56" bold="true" box="[1004,1012,1826,1850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">f</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA771FBB30365C7F56" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[1025,1145,1827,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conisaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA771FBB30365C7F56" box="[1025,1145,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. conisaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (India, Uttarakhand; NCBS);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA73F1BB55332D7F32" bold="true" box="[239,264,1862,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">g1</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA720BBB5433A87F32" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[277,397,1863,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conisaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA720BBB5433A87F32" box="[277,397,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. conisaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male lectotype (Narkundah, Kashmir);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA703BBB55311B7F32" bold="true" box="[805,830,1862,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">g2</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7055BB5431E67F32" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[843,963,1863,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conisaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7055BB5431E67F32" box="[843,963,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. conisaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, labels of male lectotype;
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA77D2BB5536FF7F32" bold="true" box="[1228,1242,1862,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">h</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA77F9BB5437B37F32" box="[1255,1430,1862,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joshimathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA77F9BB5437B37F32" box="[1255,1430,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. joshimathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male holotype (Uttarakhand; NCBS);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA713FBB79300D7FEE" bold="true" box="[545,552,1898,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">i</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7129BB7830CC7FEE" box="[567,745,1898,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joshimathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7129BB7830CC7FEE" box="[567,745,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. joshimathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male paratype (Uttarakhand; NCBS);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7761BB7936A27FEE" bold="true" box="[1151,1159,1898,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">j</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA7789BB78376C7FEE" box="[1175,1353,1898,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joshimathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7789BB78376C7FEE" box="[1175,1353,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. joshimathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female paratype (Uttarakhand; NCBS);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA72FFBB9D33CA7FCA" bold="true" box="[481,495,1934,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">k</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA72E3BB9C308A7FCA" box="[509,687,1934,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joshimathensis">P. joshimathensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female paratype (Punjab; ZFMK);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7703BB9D36017FCA" bold="true" box="[1053,1060,1934,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">l</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C88668FFAA772CBB9C377B7FCA" authorityName="Dey & Uniyal & Hausmann & Stüning" authorityYear="2021" box="[1074,1374,1934,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="joshimathensis" subSpecies="yazakii">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA772CBB9C36C77FCA" box="[1074,1250,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. joshimathensis</emphasis>
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA7608BB9D377B7FCA" box="[1302,1374,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">yazakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male holotype (E. Nepal; ZFMK);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA72D7BBA133FB7FA6" bold="true" box="[457,478,1970,1994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">m</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA72F0BBA030427FA6" box="[494,615,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. j. yazakii</emphasis>
|
||
, male paratype (E. Nepal; ZFMK);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA70FEBBA131CB7FA6" bold="true" box="[992,1006,1970,1994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">n</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA70E3BBA036537FA6" box="[1021,1142,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. j. yazakii</emphasis>
|
||
, female paratype (E. Nepal; ZSM);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA73FFBBC532CB7F82" bold="true" box="[225,238,2006,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">o</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C0598668FFAA73E5BBC433557F82" box="[251,368,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="33">P. j. yazakii</emphasis>
|
||
, female paratype (E. Nepal; ZFMK).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B866BFFA973D9BC84312C7972" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA97282BC84301078DD" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[412,565,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA97282BC84301078DD" box="[412,565,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Prometopidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a number of characters not shared with other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA9761EBC84377078DD" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[1280,1365,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baptini">Baptini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as far as we know: the conical frons in males and females; the spatulate process on posterior margin of female 7
|
||
<superScript id="4CE3B103866BFFA97632BCA9371C78A4" attach="left" box="[1324,1337,186,200]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">th</superScript>
|
||
abdominal sternite, the strongly modified 8
|
||
<superScript id="4CE3B103866BFFA97138BCCD30167880" attach="left" box="[550,563,222,236]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">th</superScript>
|
||
abdominal segment and the special floricomous condition of the ovipositor in females, with short, strong, hook-like setae (see fig. 3f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B866BFFA973D9BD34368B7A0D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
The function of a typical floricomus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA866BFFA9716DBD343126792D" author="Pierce, F. N." box="[627,771,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" refId="ref10572" refString="Pierce, F. N. (1914) The Genitalia of The Group Geometridae of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands. The Northern Publishing Company, LTD., xxix + 88 pp., pls I-XLVIII." type="book" year="1914">Pierce, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is still not satisfactorily clarified. It is assumed, however, that “females use the floricomous, scoop-shaped setae of the papillae anales to scratch particles from the surface of the bark to cover and camouflage eggs” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA866BFFA9717CBD7C315679E5" author="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P." box="[610,883,366,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" refId="ref11015" refString="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P. (2015) Ennominae I. In: Hausmann, A. (Ed.), The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 5. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 657. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004265738" type="book" year="2015">Skou & Sihvonen, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, referring to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA866BFFA9771DBD7C36B479E5" author="Rajaei, H." box="[1027,1169,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" pagination="65 - 73" refId="ref10661" refString="Rajaei, H. (2010) Life-history of Gnopharmia kasrunensis Wehrli, 1939 and G. colchidaria Lederer, 1870 (Geometridae, Ennominae) and their distribution in Iran, with first host-plant records for the genus. Bonn zoological Bulletin, 57, 65 - 73." type="journal article" year="2010">Rajaei, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA866BFFA977D9BD7C37B479E5" author="Rajaei, H. & Stuning, D. & Trusch, R." box="[1223,1425,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref10711" refString="Rajaei, H., Stuning, D. & Trusch, R. (2012) Taxonomic revision and zoogeographical patterns of the species of Gnopharmia Staudinger, 1892 (Geometridae, Ennominae. Zootaxa, 3360 (1), 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3360.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Rajaei
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA9760BBD7C376879E5" box="[1301,1357,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dense collar of elongated setae surrounding the scoop-shaped setae may support this function by brushing aside or distributing the particles. The special “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA9717CBDA430DE79BD" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[610,763,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA9717CBDA430DE79BD" box="[610,763,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Prometopidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-floricomus” with very strong, short, hooked setae instead of long, flexible, scoop-shaped ones may have a similar function, but is adapted for more resistant material. Both
|
||
<typeStatus id="642DA2E9866BFFA9767FBDC837B97999" box="[1377,1436,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of floricomus are building together with the similarly modified 8
|
||
<superScript id="4CE3B103866BFFA9707FBDED314B7A60" attach="left" box="[865,878,510,524]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">th</superScript>
|
||
abdominal segment (which is reduced to a heavily sclerotized, ring-like structure with short, strong apophyses anteriores) a functional unit. It is present in all species possessing a floricomus and most likely enables a free, powerful movement of the ovipositor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EFE94CC3866BFFA97389B98033AB7E7B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4882915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4882915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4882915/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" startId="6.[151,250,1427,1451]" targetBox="[151,1435,663,1403]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B866BFFA97389B98033AB7E7B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1427,1559]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA97389B98033317DC7" bold="true" box="[151,276,1427,1451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult, abdominal details, female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA971F2B98031EA7DC7" authorityName="Wiltshire" authorityYear="1961" box="[748,975,1427,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA971F2B98031EA7DC7" box="[748,975,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Prometopidia arenosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA9771CB98737277DC7" authorityName="Dey & Uniyal & Hausmann & Stüning" authorityYear="2021" box="[1026,1282,1427,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="joshimathensis" subSpecies="yazakii">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA9771CB98737277DC7" box="[1026,1282,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">P. joshimathensis yazakii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA9760EB98037387DC7" bold="true" box="[1296,1309,1427,1451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">a</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA97635B98737B97DC7" box="[1323,1436,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA97635B98737BD7DC7" authorityName="Wiltshire" authorityYear="1961" box="[1323,1432,1428,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenosa">P. arenosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
female holotype, upperside,
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA972AAB9A433E77DA3" bold="true" box="[436,450,1463,1487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">b</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA972D1B9AB301D7DA3" authorityName="Wiltshire" authorityYear="1961" box="[463,568,1464,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA972D1B9AB301D7DA3" box="[463,568,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">P. arenosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, underside (NE. Afghanistan; SMNK);
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA970D8B9A431F47DA3" bold="true" box="[966,977,1463,1487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">c</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA970C0B9AB36627DA3" authorityName="Wiltshire" authorityYear="1961" box="[990,1095,1464,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA970C0B9AB36627DA3" box="[990,1095,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">P. arenosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, labels of holotype;
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA9760DB9A437047DA3" bold="true" box="[1299,1313,1463,1487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">d</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA97633B9AB37B37DA3" authorityName="Wiltshire" authorityYear="1961" box="[1325,1430,1464,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA97633B9AB37B37DA3" box="[1325,1430,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">P. arenosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, process on 7
|
||
<superScript id="4CE3B103866BFFA97208B9C833047D85" attach="left" box="[278,289,1499,1513]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">th</superScript>
|
||
sternite;
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA9729FB9C833A97D9F" bold="true" box="[385,396,1499,1523]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">e</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA97284B9CF30BB7D9F" box="[410,670,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA97284B9CF30BF7D9F" authorityName="Dey & Uniyal & Hausmann & Stüning" authorityYear="2021" box="[410,666,1499,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="joshimathensis" subSpecies="yazakii">P. joshimathensis yazakii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
process on 7
|
||
<superScript id="4CE3B103866BFFA9703AB9C8310A7D85" attach="left" box="[804,815,1499,1513]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">th</superScript>
|
||
sternite;
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA97090B9C831B37D9F" bold="true" box="[910,918,1499,1523]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">f</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA970BAB9CF362A7D9F" authorityName="Wiltshire" authorityYear="1961" box="[932,1039,1500,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA970BAB9CF362A7D9F" box="[932,1039,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">P. arenosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 8
|
||
<superScript id="4CE3B103866BFFA97736B9C836167D85" attach="left" box="[1064,1075,1499,1513]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">th</superScript>
|
||
segment and papillae anales (“Prometopidia-floricomus”).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B866BFFA973D9BA56376B7FA4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1605,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA973D9BA56331E7E33" bold="true" box="[199,315,1605,1631]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
With exception of the spatulate process on female 7
|
||
<superScript id="4CE3B103866BFFA97087BA5631837E3F" attach="left" box="[921,934,1605,1619]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">th</superScript>
|
||
abdominal sternite and the hooked setae of floricomus, all or some characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA97127BA7A30F77EEF" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1902" box="[569,722,1641,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Prometopidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA97127BA7A30F77EEF" box="[569,722,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Prometopidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mentioned above are found also in a group of genera which are characterised by possession of a typical floricomus, as known before since more than a century (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA866BFFA977CFBA9E37457ECB" author="Pierce, F. N." box="[1233,1376,1677,1703]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" refId="ref10572" refString="Pierce, F. N. (1914) The Genitalia of The Group Geometridae of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands. The Northern Publishing Company, LTD., xxix + 88 pp., pls I-XLVIII." type="book" year="1914">Pierce, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (but not well-known at all) and figured in detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA866BFFA97180BAA231C27EA7" author="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P." box="[670,999,1713,1740]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" refId="ref11015" refString="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P. (2015) Ennominae I. In: Hausmann, A. (Ed.), The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 5. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 657. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004265738" type="book" year="2015">Skou & Sihvonen (2015: 364</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Text-figures 118–121): with modified, flexible, scoop-shaped setae, arising from pads of different shape on the papillae anales. These genera are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA9764CBAC633157F78" authority="Hubner, 1825" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Theria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA9764CBAC637B87E83" box="[1362,1437,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Theria</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner, 1825
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mainly European),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA97106BAEA312B7F78" authority="Guenee, 1845" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1845" box="[536,782,1785,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aleucis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA97106BAEA304F7F7F" box="[536,618,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Aleucis</emphasis>
|
||
Guenée, 1845
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Europe,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3815CDB866BFFA97062BAEA31E87F7F" box="[892,973,1785,1811]" name="Turkey" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Levante, Caucasus,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3815CDB866BFFA977A6BAEA37727F78" box="[1208,1367,1785,1812]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
), both placed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA97232BB0E33A37F5B" authorityName="Herbulot" authorityYear="1963" box="[300,390,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Theriini">Theriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
recently (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF0761BA866BFFA972E8BB0E312D7F54" author="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P." box="[502,776,1821,1848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" refId="ref11015" refString="Skou, P. & Sihvonen, P. (2015) Ennominae I. In: Hausmann, A. (Ed.), The Geometrid Moths of Europe. Vol. 5. Brill, Leiden, pp. 1 - 657. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004265738" type="book" year="2015">Skou & Sihvonen, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA97005BB0D36087F5B" authority="Viidalepp, 1988" authorityName="Viidalepp" authorityYear="1988" box="[795,1069,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ramitia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA97005BB0D31517F5B" box="[795,884,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Ramitia</emphasis>
|
||
Viidalepp, 1988
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3815CDB866BFFA97725BB0E36EA7F5B" box="[1083,1231,1821,1847]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Tadzhikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3815CDB866BFFA977C7BB0E37527F5B" box="[1241,1399,1821,1847]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, N.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3815CDB866BFFA97389BB5132E27F30" box="[151,199,1858,1884]" name="Iraq" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
, SE.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3815CDB866BFFA9721DBB5233727F30" box="[259,343,1857,1884]" name="Turkey" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA97272BB5230EC7F37" authority="Wehrli, 1938" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1938" box="[364,713,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Epitherina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA97272BB5233C17F37" box="[364,484,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Epitherina</emphasis>
|
||
Wehrli, 1938 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3815CDB866BFFA97191BB5230E47F37" box="[655,705,1857,1883]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA971C8BB52363C7F37" authority="Wiltshire, 1943" authorityName="Wiltshire" authorityYear="1943" box="[726,1049,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Heterobapta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA971C8BB5231467F37" box="[726,867,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Heterobapta</emphasis>
|
||
Wiltshire, 1943
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3815CDB866BFFA97737BB52367F7F37" box="[1065,1114,1857,1883]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3815CDB866BFFA97779BB5236DC7F37" box="[1127,1273,1857,1883]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Tadzhikistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3815CDB866BFFA9761DBB5237B47F30" box="[1283,1425,1857,1884]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA97389BB7530487FEC" authority="Djakonov, 1936" authorityName="Djakonov" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,621,1893,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Earoxyptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA97389BB7533077F13" box="[151,290,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Earoxyptera</emphasis>
|
||
Djakonov, 1936 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C3815CDB866BFFA972ECBB7630407FEC" box="[498,613,1893,1920]" name="Mongolia" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The last-mentioned four genera are generally similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA977E1BB7637747F13" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1845" box="[1279,1361,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Aleucis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA977E1BB7637747F13" box="[1279,1361,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Aleucis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the structure of the male genitalia and may also belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA9700CBB9A31557FCF" authorityName="Herbulot" authorityYear="1963" box="[786,880,1929,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Theriini">Theriini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To decide this, more detailed studies are required, including also female genitalia and DNA sequence analyses which is beyond the scope of the present paper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BB291C4B866BFFA873D9BBC232CB7895" blockId="6.[151,1437,1605,2028]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,150,249]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">
|
||
A very similar, typical floricomus has also been found in the two unrelated genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866BFFA8779BBBC232EA78DD" authority="Staudinger, 1892" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="35" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866BFFA9779BBBC237317F87" box="[1157,1300,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="34">Gnopharmia</emphasis>
|
||
Staudinger, 1892
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866AFFA87219BC84307D78DD" authority="Wehrli, 1951" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1951" box="[263,600,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neognopharmia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2C059866AFFA87219BC84339878DD" box="[263,445,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="35">Neognopharmia</emphasis>
|
||
Wehrli, 1951
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are members of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C9667C8866AFFA870D3BC84361B78DD" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[973,1086,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Macariini">Macariini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The question how such highly apomorphic structures could have developed independently is still unresolved and additional detailed studies are needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |