treatments-xml/data/15/5A/87/155A87A4FF9DFFDD6051FD32FB9FAA40.xml

<document id="DA37DC733825BFF26B21FFF9394FE87E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.174408" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fbbcb2e5-d5ad-4c8b-af0e-22a30f852c15" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="174408" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459796571981" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schwabe, Enrico, Försterra, Günter, Häussermann, Verena, Melzer, Roland R. &amp; Schrödl, Michael" docDate="2006" docId="155A87A4FF9DFFDD6051FD32FB9FAA40" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01341p027.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1341" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Plaxiphora aurata Spalowsky 1795" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="E963FFDCFF8CFFCE6159FFA3FFDCA866" masterDocTitle="Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the southern Chilean Comau Fjord, with reinstatement of Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698219868725" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="CD98B1C4CFA410DA73B81335CD728523">Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the southern Chilean Comau Fjord, with reinstatement of Tonicia calbucensis Plate, 1897</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E34FA744A81CF7C35F676DE7F9E95A51">Melzer, Roland R.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="155A87A4FF9DFFDD6051FD32FB9FAA40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5674904" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119351310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5674904" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:155A87A4FF9DFFDD6051FD32FB9FAA40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/155A87A4FF9DFFDD6051FD32FB9FAA40" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<paragraph id="9D4C36B2FF9DFFDF6051FD32FD11AACD" blockId="17.[264,717,657,718]" box="[264,717,657,683]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="C60481DEFF9DFFDF6051FD32FD11AACD" bold="true" box="[264,717,657,683]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="5AF34D31FF9DFFDF6051FD32FD11AACD" ID-CoL="4K25W" authority="Spalowsky, 1795" authorityName="Spalowsky" authorityYear="1795" box="[264,717,657,683]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Mopaliidae" genus="Plaxiphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9DFFDF6051FD32FD11AACD" bold="true" box="[264,717,657,683]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9DFFDF6051FD32FE3AAACD" bold="true" box="[264,486,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Plaxiphora aurata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F9624B43FF9DFFDF60ACFD32FD19AACD" author="Spalowsky" box="[501,709,657,683]" pageId="17" pageNumber="27" refString="Spalowsky, I. I. N. A. (1795) Prodromus in systema historicum testaceorum. Vorschmack einer vollstandigen systematischen Geschichte der Schalthiergehause, Wien, printed by Ignaz Alberti's Wittwe, iv, 88 p., 13 leaves of plates: illustrated (chiefly col.)" type="book" year="1795">Spalowsky, 1795</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D4C36B2FF9DFFDF6051FD17FE18AAA8" blockId="17.[264,717,657,718]" box="[264,452,692,718]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">(Figures 13, 19)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D4C36B2FF9DFFDF6051FCA7FCD7AB7D" blockId="17.[264,1025,772,827]" box="[264,779,772,795]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BDE3119CFF9DFFDF6051FCA7FCD7AB7D" box="[264,779,772,795]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="5AF34D31FF9DFFDF6051FCA7FD4CAB7D" authority="Spalowsky, 1795: 88" authorityName="Spalowsky" authorityPageNumber="88" authorityYear="1795" box="[264,656,772,795]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auratus">
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9DFFDF6051FCA7FE75AB7D" box="[264,425,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chiton auratus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F9624B43FF9DFFDF60F6FCA7FDB5AB7D" author="Spalowsky" box="[431,617,772,795]" pageId="17" pageNumber="27" refString="Spalowsky, I. I. N. A. (1795) Prodromus in systema historicum testaceorum. Vorschmack einer vollstandigen systematischen Geschichte der Schalthiergehause, Wien, printed by Ignaz Alberti's Wittwe, iv, 88 p., 13 leaves of plates: illustrated (chiefly col.)" type="book" year="1795">Spalowsky, 1795</bibRefCitation>
: 88
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, figs. 6a–b.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D4C36B2FF9DFFDF6051FC87FBDDAB5D" blockId="17.[264,1025,772,827]" box="[264,1025,804,827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Detailed bibliography and synonymy in 
<bibRefCitation id="F9624B43FF9DFFDF63EFFC87FC63AB5D" author="Kaas" box="[694,959,804,827]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="25" refString="Kaas, P. &amp; Van Belle, R. A. (1994) Monograph of living chitons. (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) 5, Suborder Ischnochitonina: Ischnochitonidae: Ischnochitoninae (concluded) Callistoplacinae; Mopaliidae; Additions to Volumes 1 - 4, E. J. Brill / W. Backhuys, Leiden, 402 pp." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Kaas &amp; Van 
<bibRefCitation id="F9624B43FF9DFFDF6267FC87FC63AB5D" author="Belle" box="[830,959,804,827]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="17" pageNumber="25" refString="Kaas, P. &amp; Van Belle, R. A. (1994) Monograph of living chitons. (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) 5, Suborder Ischnochitonina: Ischnochitonidae: Ischnochitoninae (concluded) Callistoplacinae; Mopaliidae; Additions to Volumes 1 - 4, E. J. Brill / W. Backhuys, Leiden, 402 pp." type="book chapter" year="1994">Belle (1994</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
: 266).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D4C36B2FF9DFFDF6051FCCFFCC3AF20" blockId="17.[264,1325,876,1902]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9DFFDF6051FCCFFE9FABE0" bold="true" box="[264,323,876,902]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Size:</emphasis>
Maximum length 
<quantity id="5A0B9B57FF9DFFDF637BFCCFFD5FABE0" box="[546,643,876,902]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
(ZSM Moll 20060497). 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9DFFDF62F2FCCFFB89ABE0" bold="true" box="[939,1109,876,902]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Body outline:</emphasis>
Oval, moderately elevated, dorsally subcarinated. 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9DFFDF63D4FC37FD03ABC8" bold="true" box="[653,735,916,942]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Color:</emphasis>
Varying from greenish to blackish brown, with longitudinal streaks on most specimens, commarginal marks or other different coloration of brighter tones. Jugal area whitish in most species. 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9DFFDF6222FC47FC0FAB98" bold="true" box="[891,979,996,1022]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Valves:</emphasis>
Eroded or encrusted in most specimens; tegmentum rather smooth with fine streaks on younger animals. Head valve less than semicircular, with unnotched, widely V­shaped posterior margin. In subadult specimens more or less distinct radial ribs visible. Intermediate valves rectangular with slightly protruding apex and concave posterior margin. Lateral areas, although not elevated, clearly indicated by distinct diagonal ridge and smaller posterior rib. Tail valve rather depressed, oval with nearly terminal mucro, with vague posterior sinus in a few specimens. Growth marks arranged commarginally in all valves. 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9DFFDF6509FB5FFAF6AD70" bold="true" box="[1104,1322,1276,1302]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Articulamentum:</emphasis>
Strong, bluish green, forms rounded to trapezoid apophyses, slit formula: 8 / 1 / 0 (callus), slit rays weakly developed, teeth sharp and long. 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9DFFDF6233FAEFFC25AD00" bold="true" box="[874,1017,1356,1382]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Perinotum:</emphasis>
Fleshy, dorsally covered with randomly (but in all sutures) arranged tufts of long (up to 
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) corneous hairs. Otherwise densely beset with minute, reddish­brown, blunt­tipped calcareous spicules. Ventrally beset with minute straight spicules, longitudinally striated in upper half. 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9DFFDF6051FA4FFEA8AE60" bold="true" box="[264,372,1516,1542]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ctenidia</emphasis>
(ZSM Moll 20034100, approximately 
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body length) 42 ctenidia on each side of foot, arranged holobranchially and largest ctenidia situated posteriorly. 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9DFFDF6596F9B7FAF6AE48" bold="true" box="[1231,1322,1556,1582]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Radula</emphasis>
(same specimen): 
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long, with 50 teeth rows, 43 already mineralized. Radula cartilage 
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in length. Central tooth rather short, rectangular, frontally keeled, and with deeply notched blade. First lateral tooth extended at its base; head very narrow, with an inward­directed simple blade. Second lateral tooth with squarish head with three large denticles of equal length, but central one wider than outer ones. First seven anterior rows of examined specimen have simple blades, without denticles, just sharp cutting edge. Few heads with smaller fourth denticle on outside.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9DFFDF6061F8F7FE72AF08" bold="true" box="[312,430,1876,1902]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material:</emphasis>
Eight specimens were collected at station 7 between 
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(see 
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).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D4C36B2FF9EFFDC6051FAD1FB4AAE3F" blockId="18.[264,1323,1394,1660]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC6051FAD1FE44ADEC" bold="true" box="[264,408,1394,1418]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AF34D31FF9EFFDC60C7FAD1FD9DADEF" box="[414,577,1394,1417]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Tonicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lebruni">
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC60C7FAD1FD9DADEF" box="[414,577,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tonicia lebruni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de Rochebrune, 1884, dorsal view of one syntype in MNHN, anterior at left (modified photograph kindly provided by Delphine Brabant, MNHN). 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC65DDFA37FB12ADCA" bold="true" box="[1156,1230,1428,1452]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">21–23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AF34D31FF9EFFDC6585FA36FDD9ADA8" authority="Plate, 1897" authorityName="Plate" authorityYear="1897" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Tonicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="calbucensis">
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC6585FA36FE58ADA9" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tonicia calbucensis</emphasis>
Plate, 1897
</taxonomicName>
, lectotype from Punta Arenas, Chile, from a depth of “8 Faden” [= 14.63 m] (ZMB Moll 102.006). 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC60A5FA79FDC1AD94" bold="true" box="[508,541,1498,1522]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">21.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of the intermediate valves, anterior at left. 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC6525FA79FB41AD94" bold="true" box="[1148,1181,1498,1522]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">22.</emphasis>
Right lateral view, anterior at left. 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC635AFA5FFDF8AE72" bold="true" box="[515,548,1532,1556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">23.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of the last two valves, anterior at top. 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC65DFFA5FFB13AE72" bold="true" box="[1158,1231,1532,1556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">24–26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AF34D31FF9EFFDC6585FA5EFDD9AE50" authority="Plate, 1897" authorityName="Plate" authorityYear="1897" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Tonicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="calbucensis">
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC6585FA5EFE58AE51" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tonicia calbucensis</emphasis>
Plate, 1897
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal view of a disarticulated specimen from station 7, from a depth of 20 m (ZSM Moll 20050326), anterior at top. 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC6391F9E1FD36AE3C" bold="true" box="[712,746,1602,1626]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">24.</emphasis>
Head valve. 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC622FF9E1FC4BAE3C" bold="true" box="[886,919,1602,1626]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">25.</emphasis>
Valve ii. 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC62A4F9E1FBC3AE3C" bold="true" box="[1021,1055,1602,1626]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">26.</emphasis>
Tail valve.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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Scale bars: 
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= 
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; 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC635CF9C7FD44AE1A" bold="true" box="[517,664,1636,1660]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">21, 22, 24–26</emphasis>
= 
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; 
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC6259F9C7FCC7AE1A" bold="true" box="[768,795,1636,1660]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">23</emphasis>
= 
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.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D5E96539FF9EFFDD6061F909FCDAA9E0" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9D4C36B2FF9EFFDD6061F909FCDAA9E0" blockId="18.[264,1324,1706,1892]" lastBlockId="19.[264,1323,284,550]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC6061F909FE06AEA2" bold="true" box="[312,474,1706,1732]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution:</emphasis>
This circum­subantarctic distributed species is reported from Valparaíso southwards to the Straits of Magellan, the Falklands, the 
<collectingCountry id="E5E47622FF9EFFDC6290F971FB46AE8A" box="[969,1178,1746,1772]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tristan da Cunha</collectingCountry>
and Gough Islands, and from the Neozelanic Subantarctic Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="F9624B43FF9EFFDC6281F959FAC2AF72" author="Kaas" box="[984,1310,1786,1812]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="25" refString="Kaas, P. &amp; Van Belle, R. A. (1994) Monograph of living chitons. (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) 5, Suborder Ischnochitonina: Ischnochitonidae: Ischnochitoninae (concluded) Callistoplacinae; Mopaliidae; Additions to Volumes 1 - 4, E. J. Brill / W. Backhuys, Leiden, 402 pp." type="book chapter" year="1994">Kaas &amp; Van Belle 1994</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="5AF34D31FF9EFFDC6051F881FE38AF5D" box="[264,484,1826,1851]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Mopaliidae" genus="Plaxiphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chitonida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aurata">
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9EFFDC6051F881FE38AF5D" box="[264,484,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Plaxiphora aurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to inhabit rocky shores where it lives on and under rocks, accepting sheltered and sometimes muddy situations (
<bibRefCitation id="F9624B43FF9EFFDC6224F8E9FB30AF02" author="Reid" box="[893,1260,1866,1892]" pageId="18" pageNumber="26" refString="Reid, D. G. &amp; Osorio, C. (2000) The shallow-water marine Mollusca of the Estero Elefantes and Laguna San Rafael, southern Chile. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology), 66 (2), 109 - 146." type="journal article" year="2000">Reid &amp; Osorio 2000, this study</bibRefCitation>
) Due to its dorsal coverage of several sessile marine organisms (most often algae) it is well camouflaged. It has also been recorded from holdfasts of 
<taxonomicName id="5AF34D31FF9FFFDD62EFFEE7FB98A93B" box="[950,1092,324,349]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Marasmiaceae" genus="Macrocystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9FFFDD62EFFEE7FB98A93B" box="[950,1092,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Macrocystis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Bathymetrically it occurs from 
<quantity id="5A0B9B57FF9FFFDD60C5FECFFE29A9E0" box="[412,501,364,390]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="0.0">0–12 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F9624B43FF9FFFDD635DFECFFD25A9E0" author="Reid" box="[516,761,364,390]" pageId="19" pageNumber="26" refString="Reid, D. G. &amp; Osorio, C. (2000) The shallow-water marine Mollusca of the Estero Elefantes and Laguna San Rafael, southern Chile. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology), 66 (2), 109 - 146." type="journal article" year="2000">Reid &amp; Osorio 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5E96539FF9FFFDD6061FE30FB9FAA40" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9D4C36B2FF9FFFDD6061FE30FC40A9B0" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,550]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="AF87EAA0FF9FFFDD6061FE30FE6FA9CB" bold="true" box="[312,435,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F9624B43FF9FFFDD60E5FE37FD1FA9C8" author="Reid" box="[444,707,404,430]" pageId="19" pageNumber="26" refString="Reid, D. G. &amp; Osorio, C. (2000) The shallow-water marine Mollusca of the Estero Elefantes and Laguna San Rafael, southern Chile. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology), 66 (2), 109 - 146." type="journal article" year="2000">Reid &amp; Osorio (2000)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned a certain tolerance regarding decreasing salinity (salinity ranging from 15–31‰) for this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D4C36B2FF9FFFDD6051FE47FB9FAA40" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,550]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">The sample (ZSM Moll 20034106) contains two specimens; the smaller one has a polychaete deeply buried in the specimen’s cuticle between the valves.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>