345 lines
46 KiB
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345 lines
46 KiB
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<mods:title id="0F7C86B24D925B79B19EC35223D93199">Revision of the Chironius bicarinatus complex (Serpentes: Colubridae): Redefined species boundaries and description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="ACEA7F837B23D756F33942D47EBAA669">Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitaria, 50670 - 901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="B71E1815B9AB408B9FC28D95E81F0885" ID-CoL="8GPG8" LSID="CE747B27-E26C-5F46-8366-BB62267BCCE1" authority="Entiauspe-Neto et al., 2020" authorityName="Entiauspe-Neto et al." authorityYear="2020" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironius gouveai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouveai">Chironius gouveai Entiauspe-Neto et al., 2020</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="417AA6F50B2F48BF7392338267092C62" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General view while alive of Chironius bicarinatus and Chironius gouveai: A an adult of C. bicarinatus (MNRJ 26255) from the municipality of Rio Claro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; B a juvenile specimen of C. bicarinatus (MNRJ 27463), from the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; C an adult specimen of C. gouveai (unvouchered specimen) from the municipality of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; D a juvenile specimen of C. gouveai (unvouchered specimen) from the municipality of Vacaria, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Photos by M. Bilate (A), F. Dias-Silva (B), M. Borges-Martins (C), and O. L. Balbinot (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e106238.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/972254" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Figures 6C, D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E604BFD006D70AA1135C75CC4AD779A8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Hemipenial morphology of Chironius bicarinatus and Chironius gouveai: A asulcate (left) and sulcate (right) views of the hemipenis of C. bicarinatus (MNRJ 25558) from the municipality of Petropolis, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; B asulcate (left) and sulcate (right) views of the hemipenis of C. gouveai (MHNCI 12369) from the municipality of Candoi, state of Parana, Brazil. Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e106238.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/972255" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">, 7B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="D7CE8E0C4C16BFD5FB09E32C87284FE2" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution of the Chironius bicarinatus complex (A), based on first-hand examined and photographic records with locality data: C. bicarinatus: blue circles; C. gouveai: purple circles; C. dracomaris sp. nov.: orange circles. The stars represent their respective type localities; B zoomed map of the Baturite Massif, an area of distribution of Chironius dracomaris sp. nov.; B, C zoomed maps of molecular sampling localities, with the new sequences obtained in this study (highlighted in red) and sequences selected from GenBank." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e106238.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/972256" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">, 8</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="FC4605626D1253ECE5A55995A0AEEA20" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="chresonymy">
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<paragraph id="BE6F76AEE4C82323F1A211D3D7260FD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Chresonymy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B53DEF63DEA34D96E18AE0F2CA938C88" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4850ACA875BD9B5C6506342E5C9E9F" baseAuthorityName="Wied" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironius bicarinatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">Chironius bicarinatus</taxonomicName>
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-
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<bibRefCitation id="7B0C016B65C83480EF3821C951C36DBF" author="Bailey, JR" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 21" refId="B9" refString="Bailey, JR, 1955. The snakes of the genus Chironius in Southeastern South America. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 571: 1 - 21" title="The snakes of the genus Chironius in Southeastern South America." volume="571" year="1955">Bailey (1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 8, in part),
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<bibRefCitation id="C3CEE90AB4EBA28581DA947B3B7F190F" author="Orejas-Miranda, BR" journalOrPublisher="Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 6" refId="B76" refString="Orejas-Miranda, BR, 1958. Dos especies de ofidios nuevos para el Uruguay. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 79: 1 - 6" title="Dos especies de ofidios nuevos para el Uruguay." volume="79" year="1958">Orejas-Miranda (1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 1),
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<bibRefCitation id="926A3611CD144C999BDC68DB8906ADF5" author="Peters, JA" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 347" refId="B87" refString="Peters, JA, Orejas-Miranda, B, 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part I. Snakes. United States National Museum Bulletin 297: 1 - 347" title="Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part I. Snakes." volume="297" year="1970">Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 59, in part),
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<bibRefCitation id="8FCD25499772186E41C0CB463550CD3D" author="Williams, JD" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="55 - 90" refId="B127" refString="Williams, JD, Francini, F, 1991. A checklist of the Argentine snakes. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino 9: 55 - 90" title="A checklist of the Argentine snakes." volume="9" year="1991">Williams and Francini (1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 63),
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<bibRefCitation id="FDFB00DC6E621E8C2724ED6BB6324877" author="Cei, JM" journalOrPublisher="Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B26" refString="Cei, JM, 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de Argentina. Herpetofauna de las Selvas Subtropicales, Puna y Pampas. Monografia XIV. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino" title="Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de Argentina. Herpetofauna de las Selvas Subtropicales, Puna y Pampas. Monografia XIV." year="1993">Cei (1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 538),
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<bibRefCitation id="35FC5D346234C6688BAC83A40ED4AC5E" author="Dixon, JR" journalOrPublisher="Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 279" refId="B32" refString="Dixon, JR, Wiest, JA, Cei, JM, 1993. Revision of the Neotropical snake genus Chironius Fitzinger (Serpentes, Colubridae). Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali 13: 1 - 279" title="Revision of the Neotropical snake genus Chironius Fitzinger (Serpentes, Colubridae)." volume="13" year="1993">Dixon et al. (1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 59, in part), Achaval and Olmos (1997: 68),
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<bibRefCitation id="BA8306676008D1913D192C6EBFDB83EF" author="Giraudo, AR" journalOrPublisher="A, Buenos Aires" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B41" refString="Giraudo, AR, 2001. Serpientes de la selva paranaense y del chaco humedo. Taxonomia, biogeografia y conservacion. Editorial L.O.L. A, Buenos Aires" title="Serpientes de la selva paranaense y del chaco humedo. Taxonomia, biogeografia y conservacion. Editorial L. O. L." year="2001">Giraudo (2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 42),
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<bibRefCitation id="EEBD048DAB01D4E6042CF3E078B0979E" author="Carreira, S" journalOrPublisher="Universidad de la Republica, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B23" refString="Carreira, S, Meneghel, M, Achaval, F, 2005. Reptiles de Uruguay. Universidad de la Republica, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo" title="Reptiles de Uruguay." year="2005">Carreira et al. (2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 267),
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<bibRefCitation id="2F1ECE8F1064D1EB1437AA71A990938C" author="Carreira, S" journalOrPublisher="Ediciones de la Fuga, Montevideo" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" refId="B24" refString="Carreira, S, Maneyro, R, 2013. Guia de reptiles del Uruguay. Ediciones de la Fuga, Montevideo" title="Guia de reptiles del Uruguay." year="2013">Carreira and Maneyro (2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 148),
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<bibRefCitation id="401E5C60FF82FDB76F78B37A9A694EB8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1" author="Entiauspe-Neto, OM" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="98 - 115" refId="B35" refString="Entiauspe-Neto, OM, Lyra, ML, Koch, C, Quintela, FM, Abegg, AD, Loebmann, D, 2020. Taxonomic revision of Chironius bicarinatus (Wied 1820) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with description of a new species. Herpetological Monographs 34: 98 - 115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1" title="Taxonomic revision of Chironius bicarinatus (Wied 1820) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1" volume="34" year="2020">Entiauspe-Neto et al. (2020</bibRefCitation>
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, in part)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5344A993669462294B2453676A0647C" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="B884AAF304C4D115348AD132D247F0E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA136E273E6E85321FA6716E8965079F" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Adult male, CHFURG 4394, from municipality of Tapes (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="056E8CD3C4A1121E6DB976948F315FD4" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="46.7" value="-30.47964">30°28′46.7″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="797D7F01409945C696C9CBAE3E34EA4E" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="46.1" value="-51.39614">51°23′46.1″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; ~74 m a.s.l.), state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The holotype was not examined first-hand, but its identity has been confirmed through the information present in the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6B30380ACC49B2ADB71F9180A8112C6E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1" author="Entiauspe-Neto, OM" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="98 - 115" refId="B35" refString="Entiauspe-Neto, OM, Lyra, ML, Koch, C, Quintela, FM, Abegg, AD, Loebmann, D, 2020. Taxonomic revision of Chironius bicarinatus (Wied 1820) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with description of a new species. Herpetological Monographs 34: 98 - 115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1" title="Taxonomic revision of Chironius bicarinatus (Wied 1820) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1" volume="34" year="2020">Entiauspe-Neto et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="49825D726670FC2F1408018C170072B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="paratypes">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E05C7E02B9EE5CC8814D26910006216" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Paratypes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C6EF002BEA9508F61904E7025A3C2F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Seven specimens, all from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: Adult male, ZUFSM 2908, from the municipality of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2F05E83C18FDCCD099AF12DB2B63BFEA" originalValue="Bagé">Bage</normalizedToken>
|
||
; adult male, ZFMK 103132 (formerly CHFURG 1504), from the municipality of Rio Grande; adult female, MCP 2631, at Rodeio Bonito, municipality of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DB0D1D7BB3C6D1F85F81C58A146CFE5D" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Francisco de Paula; adult male and female, respectively, CHFURG 4823-24, at Ilha da Torotama, municipality of Rio Grande; adult male, MCP 8968, at Gomercinda Dornelles Fountoura School, municipality of Encruzilhada do Sul; adult male, MCP 12762, municipality of Triunfo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04995D8AC783807E17383BAB408E13C5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1" author="Entiauspe-Neto, OM" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="98 - 115" refId="B35" refString="Entiauspe-Neto, OM, Lyra, ML, Koch, C, Quintela, FM, Abegg, AD, Loebmann, D, 2020. Taxonomic revision of Chironius bicarinatus (Wied 1820) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with description of a new species. Herpetological Monographs 34: 98 - 115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1" title="Taxonomic revision of Chironius bicarinatus (Wied 1820) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1" volume="34" year="2020">Entiauspe-Neto et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Only the specimen MCP 8968 was examined first-hand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F0501CC784BCB01429040917DDEAE556" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="DFAB5F73025D9B5F91B7DF57666F752E" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E2FBD89C11D487206651086D6516A6CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="527BD815EEF07677EDF1D40A0EEEED65" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironius gouveai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouveai">
|
||
<emphasis id="5F80C4B00708ABB002D65720908CD43C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Chironius gouveai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from all congeners by the following unique combination of morphological characters: (i) dorsal scale rows 12/12/10; (ii) cloacal plate divided; (iii) dorsal scale rows keeled usually two; (iv) ventrals 156-174 in females, 151-167 in males; (v) subcaudals 139-146 in females, 131-152 in males; (vi) apical pits often present only on the cervical region; (vii) three supralabials contacting orbit; (viii) temporal formula usually 1+1; (ix) after preservation, uniform light brown, grayish olive or bluish dorsum with a light vertebral stripe; and dorsals and ventrals with black or brown edges; (x) after preservation, labials predominantly yellowish or whitish, except for the last two or three supralabials, which may present the same color of dorsal series or postocular stripe; gular region, first third of belly, and subcaudals (which can also be whitish) yellowish; remainder of the belly can be yellowish, olive or bluish; (xi) subcaudals with black or brown edges; outer margins with a black outline; (xii) hemipenial body generally ornamented with papillate calyces gradually replaced by smooth calyces toward the apex; (xiii) hemipenial body with each longitudinal row presenting 14-19 spines and 5-6 spines along sulcus spermaticus; (xiv) ventral surface of the septomaxilla with a conspicuous projection; (xv) anteroventral surface of prefrontal lacrimal foramen with a conspicuous projection; (xvi) maxillary teeth 27-36; (xvii) palatine teeth 16-18; (xviii) quadrate-suspensorium articulation with posterior end of supratemporals slightly laterally curved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FF66C82FC334321D1876824EE006DCD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A4DF47F277FAB0A9933DDECB28266B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="65CF5C7C6AB206B46509F05C6349F191" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45C11F373F1F3F4135DB0DA0A2ED1249" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironius gouveai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouveai">
|
||
<emphasis id="C25007D72D12154CB7FD616D49A2088C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Chironius gouveai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from most congeners, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="037D9DCA8AEE952B5FB1277DCEA09CCA" lsidName="C. multiventris" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="multiventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1494704F801EF3A347D890D144899F37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. multiventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F37B2A17D728B262222A8D3DD0574254" lsidName="C. foveatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="foveatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C6E0A54E6A4CC4012D2292A246867E71" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. foveatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E1766D6D90534D1EAA64126A49BCE52" lsidName="C. septentrionalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="594F7EF859018BCBCA1DCA041AFC06D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E601318981BB5301FDD43BCD40DA4D87" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironius exoletus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exoletus">Chironius cf. exoletus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C021C4A3AEA7A7191CE5C03F717AAB5" lsidName="C. bicarinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70585868F820B5EBE584F13C0FCDDEAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. bicarinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having 12/12/10 dorsal scale rows, divided cloacal plate, two keeled dorsal scale rows, presence of apical pits, and a greenish or olive dorsal pattern.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80FA6C3D11BFE6A475C6CBEDDBEA06E4" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironius gouveai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouveai">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD3E9642351393BFF6F93FB45E726C7F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Chironius gouveai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89E462D4CB727AE8EC9C2ADE765D8B30" lsidName="C. multiventris" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="multiventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="F4644A288EC35A4BF3F575772987EBC2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. multiventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2190BB1E88294D015092C60722FF633" lsidName="C. foveatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="foveatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4A8AD9A421C06EA2368B6B61BC1E9CF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. foveatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5478061B2D0F03D075BD75C94C168A2D" lsidName="C. septentrionalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F4B90FD5AB0B32C2D68A7B9ED8D0829A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its number of subcaudals 131-152 [139.8-142.9; 95% confidence intervals] (vs. 156-208 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8DE522577C2517252600772F5035CF8F" lsidName="C. multiventris" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="multiventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="248B118AD326284327D65D6663ECC49D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. multiventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 156-169 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A8D0B401C414E8BEEF574968B9906487" lsidName="C. foveatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="foveatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD6A665A6A2EAFFC11CF65B90EAB807E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. foveatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 165-181 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91B219667BC2652BE82510FD72775985" lsidName="C. septentrionalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2D496C014E2E6B0BFB5AD18836386AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and ventrals 151-174 [160.1-161.5] (vs. 161-196 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7493F7E030F79081074C662AF5FF9AC9" lsidName="C. multiventris" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="multiventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F99DF35EABD1EB72A049A3B92B684C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. multiventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 163-174 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="238AAD2DA7B5884830D041D5D271E6ED" lsidName="C. foveatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="foveatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66247846850776A9F8DA51D2E1C81CE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. foveatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 161-174 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E64075CB0A8AC2643B78EF8B4CBAD26C" lsidName="C. septentrionalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9B5F3B5FEE20D063F588B38996E69FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F0AA2E8B666250E290054A34965E7108" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7207D928BD750452F77594C97483B27D" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironius gouveai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouveai">
|
||
<emphasis id="326FC853ABDC08FE6F718475A4E35830" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Chironius gouveai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD6A65CFD842B36EFDF05B567B7D7718" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironius exoletus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exoletus">Chironius cf. exoletus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in parentheses) in terms of number of maxillary teeth 27-36 [30.5-31.4] (vs. 23-31); outer margins of subcaudals with black pigmentation (vs. black pigmentation absent); ventral color pattern of tail usually with black or brown edges without a black zig-zag line medially (vs. a black zig-zag line medially between subcaudals); and hemipenial body elongated covered with more concentrated spines (vs. hemipenial body short with lower concentration of spines; see an illustration of the hemipenes in Klackzo et al. 2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6999F1A39D29C27F1D41585D8155C86" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="746D3C98A5F94FB33D09D91E239D24AC" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironius gouveai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouveai">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6CCCF9E18EC639A834FDB992B49078B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Chironius gouveai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6D976C5DD0A49E74CA2207293B578F2" lsidName="C. bicarinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D6FE5B768F26CB9C276322F7A1DC6216" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. bicarinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in parentheses) in the number of ventrals 156-174 [162.8-164.8] in females and 151-167 [157.9-159.3] in males (vs. 147-170 [157.0-159.0] in females and 145-165 [155.1-156.6] in males); maxillary teeth 27-36 [30.5-31.4] (vs. 30-38 [33.8-34.4]); color pattern in preservative with dorsum usually uniform light brown, grayish olive or bluish, and dorsal and ventral scales with black or brown edges without a zig-zag line (vs. uniformly olive, grayish olive or bluish dorsum and a black zig-zag line medially between subcaudals, gradually fading to the tip of tail; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7A14CC0CAC8B6503BE24054701CED7D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1" author="Entiauspe-Neto, OM" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="98 - 115" refId="B35" refString="Entiauspe-Neto, OM, Lyra, ML, Koch, C, Quintela, FM, Abegg, AD, Loebmann, D, 2020. Taxonomic revision of Chironius bicarinatus (Wied 1820) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with description of a new species. Herpetological Monographs 34: 98 - 115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1" title="Taxonomic revision of Chironius bicarinatus (Wied 1820) (Serpentes: Colubridae), with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-19-00013.1" volume="34" year="2020">Entiauspe-Neto et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3 for an illustration of this character); temporal formula usually 1+1 (vs. 1+2); ventral surface of septomaxilla with a conspicuous projection (vs. septomaxilla smooth); anteroventral surface of prefrontal lacrimal foramen with a conspicuous projection (vs. anteroventral surface of lacrimal foramen smooth); and posterior end of supratemporals slightly laterally curved (vs. straight).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4110CEDE3B3CECD1458F6333C5CFA59D" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="color pattern variation in preservative">
|
||
<paragraph id="3CCEBDA90B8D843DA46E84DC7E9354FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Color pattern variation in preservative.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="617A03B5BE95DB3554C2A854897C1C9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Most adult specimens have a uniform light brown, grayish olive or bluish dorsum with a light vertebral stripe, that may or may not be evident, depending on the preserved condition, sometimes with black outer margins bordering it, more visible on the anterior part of the body. It is also possible to notice the presence of a black postocular stripe in better preserved specimens. Dorsals and ventrals with black or brown edges, more visible on the posterior part of the belly. Predominantly pale yellowish or whitish labials, except for the last two or three supralabials, which may present the same dorsal or postocular stripe color. Gular region, first third of belly, and subcaudals (which can also be whitish) pale yellowish; the remainder of the belly pale yellowish, olive or bluish. The outer margins of subcaudals have a black outline, which may vary in intensity and may even be absent in some specimens, and subcaudals have black or brown edges. Some specimens have remnants of black edges on subcaudals and only medially positioned black zig-zag line between subcaudals is evident.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4BB137A5E3DD16C250834C019555C519" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||
The populations near Serra do Mar, in the states of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="27F42A2B4F7BE26B79CA95C07BFEEABB" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Santa Catarina (e.g., FML 1816, CHUFSC 244, 625, 788-90, 898, 1035, 1105, 2976-77), have a color pattern that is more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C412E41033C3D591B99940DD44D662AC" lsidName="C. bicarinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF7CEB61007CDE00416BF099741E447E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. bicarinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than those that occur in further inland locations. As with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1DBBBEA0A40EFD07BD7C348A8C07D73" lsidName="C. bicarinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5347728D9386C399EFB5B8B42D30D637" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. bicarinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, they have a uniform olive or grayish olive dorsum; Gular region, first third of the belly, and subcaudals pale yellowish; the remainder of the belly pale yellowish or bluish; no black or brown edges on dorsals and ventrals; and the only distinguishable feature would be an evident black zig-zag line medially positioned between subcaudals with more intensity compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEA66044131BB6900EA2E94B652F0149" lsidName="C. bicarinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6E5E2340F2BAF9C40FEFD8E6BFE52441" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. bicarinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also gradually fading to the tip of the tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="187362CCF5ED4511A4C4ED5E885D6FF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Juvenile specimens have the same color pattern variation as adults and juvenile specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CA32CF0D197FA2AD27CACFCBB2D13C8" lsidName="C. bicarinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DF5B6B5E1BFECCF2F146250AC7A758D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. bicarinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differing in the greater intensity of the black zig-zag line medially positioned between subcaudals or in the remnants of black or brown edges on dorsals and ventrals; neither may be evident in some preserved specimens, and it is therefore, only possible to distinguish juveniles of the related species by the combination of some meristic characters (e.g., temporal formula, number of subcaudals or maxillary teeth).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="31913AC7973488510D4DA9516A8630A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="color pattern while alive (fig. 6c, d)">
|
||
<paragraph id="D0AE69903B47B8F7091E00BC04D4695B" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Color pattern while alive (Fig. 6C, D).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B348CF6D9B23DE9945C9E9F4AD9760C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">The description of color pattern while alive is based on photographs of an adult specimen (MACN 38879) collected in the province of Misiones, Argentina; a juvenile specimen (unvouchered specimen) from the municipality of Vacaria, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as well as on photographic material of other unvouchered specimens (iNaturalist, n = 9; see Appendix 2).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A23CEA2AC8D850EAC87229AEE2071275" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Adult specimens with uniform light brown, grayish olive or olive dorsum and a light vertebral stripe, sometimes with black outer margins bordering it, more visible on the anterior part of the body. Dorsals and ventrals with black edges, more visible on the posterior part of the belly. Predominantly yellowish or whitish supralabials, except for the last two or three, which may present the same dorsal or postocular stripe color. Infralabials and gular region mostly yellowish or whitish; the first third of the belly (can also be whitish) and subcaudals yellowish or brownish yellow; the remainder of the belly whitish yellow or brownish yellow. For most specimens, the outer margins of subcaudals have a black outline and subcaudals have black edges.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="30D24879E7C17FE89DD9FA57F030179A" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="hemipenial morphology (fig. 7b)">
|
||
<paragraph id="807F0EC52742E26BD93297BE2946D879" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Hemipenial morphology (Fig. 7B).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D66325CA0CB0A3E47BD1C02AD65EF59E" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">We analyzed the hemipenes of 19 specimens, 13 of which were extracted from the specimens and prepared, rendering a fully everted and almost or virtually maximally expanded organs. The description is based on the fully everted and maximally expanded left organs of the specimens MCP 17282, MHNCI 12369, UFMT 1600, partially expanded organ of the specimen MHNCI 1529, and non-maximally expanded organs of the specimens MHNCI 7134, ZVC 2041, ZVC 3681; and on the fully everted and maximally expanded right organ of the specimen MCP 2423, and partially expanded organs of the specimens MCN 3144, MCN 14090. Retracted organs extend to the level of the twelfth subcaudal (n = 3). Hemipenis unilobed, unicalyculate, noncapitate, subcylindrical shape, with a simple sulcus spermaticus, running centripetally from the base to the apex (MCN 3144) or slightly more than half of the hemipenis (MHNCI 12369, UFMT 1600); no nude area on the apex, ornamented with papillate calyces in the sulcate side and with spinulate calyces in the middle of the asulcate side; hemipenis eventually showing calyces with few papillae on the apex and medial region (MHNCI 12369, UFMT 1600); each longitudinal row presenting 24-27 calyces; calyces towards hemipenial body replaced by spinulate calyces; hemipenial body with approximately more than half of the total length of the organ, and is covered in spines that gradually increase in size towards the base, reaching maximum size at just over half of the hemipenial body; with each longitudinal row presenting 14-19 spines and 5-6 spines along the sulcus spermaticus; base mostly nude, ornamented by spinules at the upper portion and also laterally distributed on the proximal region of the sulcus spermaticus; a basal naked pocket present on the medial region.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E93B9F9C45E5C0699692A726F04220B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="24D818F01E6D397D700B636F3F460C1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Distribution (Fig. 8).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FE59FDC6593E313EFD03D6CB74682F33" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6D00DDDFC40F2C2CD1ECA1AEF3494AE" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironius gouveai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouveai">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAA0A1C1A16804E782C36BB1010FDD7A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Chironius gouveai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed across inland Serra do Mar at higher altitudes in the Mixed and Semideciduous Forests, from the Paranapanema River (northernmost record in the municipality of Londrina;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CBDE41D6604C0FAAE2238C0D9BC33734" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.6" value="-23.30961">23°18′34.6″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CA2F106009E73186A0559234EAF1449E" degrees="51" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="26.4" value="-51.174">51°10′26.4″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) to the Uruguayan pampas (southernmost record in the province of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F048C1135A54C0C3CCB107AE65DD9DD8" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Negro,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AC8EC26CF70AF57ECE0BA0075AFE0CFD" originalValue="M’Bopicua">M'Bopicua</normalizedToken>
|
||
Port;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C68D6655169108306CF03D57CA71BBAF" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="38.7" value="-33.11075">33°06′38.7″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6C04E96A0173FCD2F5694ED5D31E2F44" degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="31.6" value="-58.192112">58°11′31.6″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), with its western limit by the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7F22DCAFBD1815189FB4FEED2706AB64" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
River (westernmost record in the province of Corrientes,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="871BAA3B05F3F6EE8D18E45AA2FDFE1D" originalValue="Itá">Ita</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BB092A79EAC62DF936B60C5217EA1C1F" originalValue="Ibaté">Ibate</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Argentina;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AF0C1A3AAA5992B8C46573341098621F" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="43.8" value="-27.428833">27°25′43.8″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3759CDD9FFFA8952C0CD2F4617359CE0" degrees="57" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="17.0" value="-57.338055">57°20′17.0″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), between sea level to ~1030 m a.s.l..
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="420906B6E174029DB2D225B33036606F" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB813AA619C6D6421DC1DCCF7F6B7C1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A1247908B3EC5F61880FBE581D7F963B" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
|
||
The records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDCBA4D7A17D86091210009B92E2CC66" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chironius gouveai" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouveai">
|
||
<emphasis id="C943B999DC397C0705A07FA2F30136EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Chironius gouveai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZVC 2041, 2956, 3681, 3727, MNHN 78, 1730, 1794, 5707) in the departments of Artigas,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2270EE5236884FD570D69E48A849C396" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Negro and Salto, western Uruguay, can be explained by the attempt of specimens to cross the Uruguay River and their transportation by vegetation rafts along the river bed to the La Plata River (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6CB2B9C7784F0D708ED6F94B319C316E" author="Achaval, F" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Lilloana" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="195 - 200" refId="B1" refString="Achaval, F, Gonzalez, JG, Meneghel, DM, Melgarejo, AR, 1979. Lista comentada del material recogido em costas uruguayas, transportado por camalotes desde el Rio Parana. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 35: 195 - 200" title="Lista comentada del material recogido em costas uruguayas, transportado por camalotes desde el Rio Parana." volume="35" year="1979">Achaval et al. 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3B26D7573D527C617063B0BF546EE8A" lsidName="C. gouveai" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="gouveai">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB70B6D58CC80B6D03CF229A082176F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">C. gouveai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MHNCI 6028) from Montevideo needs to be clarified to confirm the occurrence of the species in southern Uruguay.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |