treatments-xml/data/7B/3F/FA/7B3FFA4CAC6A8E3348FFFF47FB8FFB4C.xml

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<mods:title id="1358EE3E9E4B5DC0E432AA9C55C8C2D9">New species, genera, families, and range extensions of freshwater bryozoans in Brazil: the tip of the iceberg?</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E42CBBEC4C353C03D4F92AC8DF586E1F">Wood, Timothy S.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="BB8C18D1AC6A8E3348FFFF47FF2DFF00" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F3294B5AAC6A8E3348FFFF47FE14FF61" blockId="9.[151,466,152,211]" box="[151,466,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">
<heading id="A861FC36AC6A8E3348FFFF47FE14FF61" bold="true" box="[151,466,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E3348FFFF47FE14FF61" bold="true" box="[151,466,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="349630D9AC6A8E3348FFFF47FE4FFF61" authority="Wood &amp; Okamura, 2017" authorityName="Wood &amp; Okamura" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,393,152,178]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Plumatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="jariensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E3348FFFF47FE4FFF61" bold="true" box="[151,393,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Plumatella jariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DAD12A33AC6A8E3349F8FF47FE14FF61" box="[400,466,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="F3294B5AAC6A8E3348FFFF65FF2DFF00" blockId="9.[151,466,152,211]" box="[151,235,186,211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">
(
<figureCitation id="6BAD57DFAC6A8E3348F7FF65FF25FF00" box="[159,227,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[346,1241,1273,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1247,1269,1690]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plumatella jariensis n. sp. a) floatolast valves: dorsal (left) and ventral (right), scale bar = 100 µm.; b) Detail of floatoblast periphery showing small projections, scale bar = 25 µm; c) Lateral view of floatoblast showing the taper to an acute angle, scale bar = 20 µm. d) Portion of a colony showing well sclerotized curitula, scale bar = 2 cm; e) Detail showing abrupt transition from sclerotized to soft parts, scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/844502/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB8C18D1AC6A8E3348FFFEDDFAD0FEEC" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F3294B5AAC6A8E3348FFFEDDFAD0FEEC" blockId="9.[151,1437,258,1183]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E3348FFFEDDFE42FEC8" bold="true" box="[151,388,258,283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E3349E6FEDDFE33FEC8" box="[398,501,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Holotype</emphasis>
: ZUEC BRY 49, colony, including statoblasts, collected 
<date id="87286D9AAC6A8E334CF9FEDCFA97FEC8" box="[1169,1361,259,283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" value="2017-01-22">22 January 2017</date>
by B. Okamura on submerged, uprooted tree at Jari Channel (Site 4a), 2°14'40&quot;S; 54°50'23&quot;W, (see 
<tableCitation id="BE147EE1AC6A8E334CDBFEF9FACEFEEC" box="[1203,1288,294,319]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,239,440,463]" captionText="TABLE 2. Details of material collected including: site number, name of site (and Brazilian state); locality details; 2016 date of collection; longitude and latitude (Long / Lat); species collected at that locality and nature of substratum (Material)." pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB8C18D1AC6A8E3348AFFE95FC25FEB0" box="[199,995,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F3294B5AAC6A8E3348AFFE95FC25FEB0" blockId="9.[151,1437,258,1183]" box="[199,995,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E3348AFFE95FE88FEB0" bold="true" box="[199,334,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Etymology.</emphasis>
Specific name is derived from the site name, Jari Channel.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB8C18D1AC6A8E3348AFFEB1FDB1FD74" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" type="description">
<paragraph id="F3294B5AAC6A8E3348AFFEB1FB3AFE21" blockId="9.[151,1437,258,1183]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E3348AFFEB1FE9FFE54" bold="true" box="[199,345,366,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Description.</emphasis>
The colony is robust with a dark, heavily sclerotized outer cuticle. At the tip of each zooid the stiff ectocyst ends abruptly and is continued by a colorless and more flexible portion of the body wall (
<figureCitation id="6BAD57DFAC6A8E334D7EFE4DFAA5FE78" box="[1302,1379,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[346,1241,1273,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1247,1269,1690]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plumatella jariensis n. sp. a) floatolast valves: dorsal (left) and ventral (right), scale bar = 100 µm.; b) Detail of floatoblast periphery showing small projections, scale bar = 25 µm; c) Lateral view of floatoblast showing the taper to an acute angle, scale bar = 20 µm. d) Portion of a colony showing well sclerotized curitula, scale bar = 2 cm; e) Detail showing abrupt transition from sclerotized to soft parts, scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/844502/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
d, e). The entire colony is firmly attached to the substratum with no free branches. However, the zooids bend outwards away from the substratum, and under crowded conditions the colony takes on a shrubby appearance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F3294B5AAC6A8E3348AFFE20FDB1FD74" blockId="9.[151,1437,258,1183]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">
In floatoblasts the ventral valve is highly convex, and the dorsal valve is much less so. Separated valves are shown in 
<figureCitation id="6BAD57DFAC6A8E33496DFDFDFE87FDE9" box="[261,321,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[346,1241,1273,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1247,1269,1690]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plumatella jariensis n. sp. a) floatolast valves: dorsal (left) and ventral (right), scale bar = 100 µm.; b) Detail of floatoblast periphery showing small projections, scale bar = 25 µm; c) Lateral view of floatoblast showing the taper to an acute angle, scale bar = 20 µm. d) Portion of a colony showing well sclerotized curitula, scale bar = 2 cm; e) Detail showing abrupt transition from sclerotized to soft parts, scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/844502/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Fig 7</figureCitation>
a, and dimensions in 
<tableCitation id="BE147EE1AC6A8E334A58FDFDFD40FDE8" box="[560,646,546,571]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,239,471,494]" captionText="TABLE 3. Dimensions of the floatoblasts in Plumatella jariensis n. sp. and P. pirassununga n. sp., mean values expressed in micrometers with standard deviations in parentheses." pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Table 3</tableCitation>
. The entire statoblast periphery reveals a line of tiny projections from the suture (
<figureCitation id="6BAD57DFAC6A8E33497CFD99FE9EFD8C" box="[276,344,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[346,1241,1273,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1247,1269,1690]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plumatella jariensis n. sp. a) floatolast valves: dorsal (left) and ventral (right), scale bar = 100 µm.; b) Detail of floatoblast periphery showing small projections, scale bar = 25 µm; c) Lateral view of floatoblast showing the taper to an acute angle, scale bar = 20 µm. d) Portion of a colony showing well sclerotized curitula, scale bar = 2 cm; e) Detail showing abrupt transition from sclerotized to soft parts, scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/844502/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
b). In lateral view the dorsal and ventral valves taper at the periphery to form an acute angle (
<figureCitation id="6BAD57DFAC6A8E334D07FD99FF61FD50" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[346,1241,1273,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1247,1269,1690]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plumatella jariensis n. sp. a) floatolast valves: dorsal (left) and ventral (right), scale bar = 100 µm.; b) Detail of floatoblast periphery showing small projections, scale bar = 25 µm; c) Lateral view of floatoblast showing the taper to an acute angle, scale bar = 20 µm. d) Portion of a colony showing well sclerotized curitula, scale bar = 2 cm; e) Detail showing abrupt transition from sclerotized to soft parts, scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/844502/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
c). Dorsal and ventral fenestrae are strongly tuberculated with the tubercles more widely spaced on the ventral valve. Sessoblasts have not been observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB8C18D1AC6A8E3348AFFD6DFC56FBA8" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F3294B5AAC6A8E3348AFFD6DFAD8FBE0" blockId="9.[151,1437,258,1183]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E3348AFFD6DFEFDFD18" bold="true" box="[199,315,690,715]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Remarks.</emphasis>
The minute knobs on the periphery of the floatoblast would be sufficient to place this species in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="349630D9AC6A8E33488EFD09FD81FD3C" authority="Shrivastava, 1981" authorityName="Shrivastava" authorityYear="1981" box="[230,583,726,751]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Swarupella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E33488EFD09FEA3FD3C" box="[230,357,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Swarupella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="970736ABAC6A8E33491CFD09FD81FD3C" author="Shrivastava" box="[372,583,726,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" refString="Shrivastava, P. (1981) Swarupella gen. nov. (Ectoprocta: Phylactolaemata) from India. Bioresearch, 5 (1), 53 - 55." type="journal article" year="1981">Shrivastava, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="970736ABAC6A8E334A31FD09FCF2FD3C" author="Shrivastava" box="[601,820,726,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" refString="Shrivastava, P. (1981) Swarupella gen. nov. (Ectoprocta: Phylactolaemata) from India. Bioresearch, 5 (1), 53 - 55." type="journal article" year="1981">Shrivastava (1981)</bibRefCitation>
introduced this genus to accommodate 
<taxonomicName id="349630D9AC6A8E334D74FD09FEF1FCC0" baseAuthorityName="Rao" baseAuthorityYear="1961" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Swarupella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E334D74FD09FEF1FCC0" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Swarupella andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species from the Andaman Islands having very small spines at the poles of the floatoblast. Two species from 
<collectingCountry id="8B810BCAAC6A8E334955FCC1FE67FCE4" box="[317,417,798,823]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Thailand</collectingCountry>
were further added to 
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E334AA1FCC1FC97FCE4" box="[713,849,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="349630D9AC6A8E334AA1FCC1FC8DFCE4" authorityName="Shrivastava" authorityYear="1981" box="[713,843,798,823]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Swarupella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Swarupella</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="349630D9AC6A8E334B0AFCC1FE76FC88" authority=", Wood, Anurakpongsatorn &amp; Mahujchariyawong 2006" authorityName="Wood, Anurakpongsatorn &amp; Mahujchariyawong" authorityYear="2006" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Swarupella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="divina">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E334B0AFCC1FBF8FCE4" box="[866,1086,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Swarupella divina,</emphasis>
Wood, Anurakpongsatorn &amp; Mahujchariyawong 2006
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E33498EFC9DFD22FC88" box="[486,740,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Swaruella kasartensis,</emphasis>
Wood, Anurakpongsatorn &amp; Mahujchariyawong 2006 (
<bibRefCitation id="970736ABAC6A8E334D3FFC9DFED9FCAC" author="Wood" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" refString="Wood, T. S., Anurakpongsatorn, P. &amp; Mahujchariyawong, J. (2006 b) Freshwater bryozoans of Thailand (Ectoprocta and Entoprocta). The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 6 (2), 83 - 119." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">
Wood 
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E3348FFFCB8FF09FCAC" box="[151,207,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">et al.</emphasis>
2006b
</bibRefCitation>
), both with small processes around the entire statoblast periphery. However, it is uncertain whether the species showing this diminutive feature truly share a common ancestry that would unify them within the Family 
<taxonomicName id="349630D9AC6A8E3348FFFC71FEF3FC14" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,309,942,967]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">Plumatellidae</taxonomicName>
. Other species in 
<collectingCountry id="8B810BCAAC6A8E334A65FC71FD97FC14" box="[525,593,942,967]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Brazil</collectingCountry>
showing the same peripheral feature include 
<taxonomicName id="349630D9AC6A8E334C06FC71FAE6FC14" box="[1134,1312,942,967]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Stolella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="evelina">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E334C06FC71FAE6FC14" box="[1134,1312,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Stolella evelina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
e (
<bibRefCitation id="970736ABAC6A8E334D57FC70FF14FC38" author="Marcus" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" refString="Marcus, E. (1941) Sobre Bryozoa do Brasil. Boletin da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 5, 3 - 208, 18 pl." type="journal article" year="1941">Marcus, 1941</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="349630D9AC6A8E334884FC0DFDA9FC38" authority="Marcus, 1942" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1942" box="[236,623,978,1003]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Stolella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="agilis" subSpecies="tica">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E334884FC0DFE07FC38" box="[236,449,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Stolella agilis tica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="970736ABAC6A8E3349A5FC0CFDA9FC38" author="Marcus" box="[461,623,979,1003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" refString="Marcus, E. (1942) Sobre Bryozoa do Brasil II. Boletin da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 6, 57 - 96, 5 pl." type="journal article" year="1942">Marcus, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="349630D9AC6A8E334ADCFC0DFBEBFC38" authority="(Marcus, 1942)" baseAuthorityName="Marcus" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[692,1069,978,1003]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Stolella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="iheringi">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E334ADCFC0DFCA8FC38" box="[692,878,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Stolella iheringi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="970736ABAC6A8E334BEAFC0CFBE2FC38" author="Marcus" box="[898,1060,979,1003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" refString="Marcus, E. (1942) Sobre Bryozoa do Brasil II. Boletin da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 6, 57 - 96, 5 pl." type="journal article" year="1942">Marcus, 1942</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Wood, unpublished, based on examinations of 
<typeStatus id="2C2DF5F8AC6A8E33493DFC28FE73FBDC" box="[341,437,1015,1039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimens at the NHMUK). For now we consider a prominent suture with an irregular edge, shown in 
<taxonomicName id="349630D9AC6A8E33492EFBC3FE05FBE0" authority="Wood &amp; Okamura, 2017" authorityName="Wood &amp; Okamura" authorityYear="2017" box="[326,451,1052,1075]" class="Phylactolaemata" family="Plumatellidae" genus="Plumatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plumatellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="jariensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E33492EFBC3FE05FBE0" box="[326,451,1052,1075]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">P. jariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DAD12A33AC6A8E3349A1FBC5FDCEFBE0" box="[457,520,1050,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" rank="species">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E3349A1FBC5FDCEFBE0" bold="true" box="[457,520,1050,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, to be a useful taxonomic character with little systematic significance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F3294B5AAC6A8E3348AFFBE1FC56FBA8" blockId="9.[151,1437,258,1183]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">
The acute taper of dorsal and ventral valves toward the periphery (
<figureCitation id="6BAD57DFAC6A8E334BC3FBE1FC20FB84" box="[939,998,1086,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1711,1733]" captionTargetBox="[346,1241,1273,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1247,1269,1690]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Plumatella jariensis n. sp. a) floatolast valves: dorsal (left) and ventral (right), scale bar = 100 µm.; b) Detail of floatoblast periphery showing small projections, scale bar = 25 µm; c) Lateral view of floatoblast showing the taper to an acute angle, scale bar = 20 µm. d) Portion of a colony showing well sclerotized curitula, scale bar = 2 cm; e) Detail showing abrupt transition from sclerotized to soft parts, scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/844502/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Fig 7</figureCitation>
b) is unusual feature that contrasts with the more rounded statoblast edges found in most other plumatellids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BB8C18D1AC6A8E3348AFFB59FB8FFB4C" box="[199,1097,1158,1183]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F3294B5AAC6A8E3348AFFB59FB8FFB4C" blockId="9.[151,1437,258,1183]" box="[199,1097,1158,1183]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="C1E29748AC6A8E3348AFFB59FEA6FB4C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1158,1183]" pageId="9" pageNumber="392">Distribution.</emphasis>
Unknown beyond the single site where this species was collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>