361 lines
47 KiB
XML
361 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="AB3BE7D4C2A63120EF5F318CD8C0B381" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.156622" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4497780a-d22b-4e67-8480-d605f1b632a3" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="156622" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459634287469" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Castro, Clovis B., Thiago, Cristovam M. & Medeiros, Marcelo S." docDate="2003" docId="C40D87A0FFFD0406BF1FFB873085FC98" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00323.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 323" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Corallium medea Bayer 1964" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="3834FFD8FFFC0400BE17FFBF3446FF8E" masterDocTitle="First record of the family Coralliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the western South Atlantic, with a description of Corallium medea Bayer, 1964" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698204190240" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3B3DC4BC97983916099DB76497ABB889">
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<mods:title id="17663BEFBEABF7B3E4981F0EAC7D770C">First record of the family Coralliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the western South Atlantic, with a description of Corallium medea Bayer, 1964</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="794275A128DF47DC51B8BE76480347E9">Castro, Clovis B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7FA800BD8F74B544E297CB41BE788C8B">Thiago, Cristovam M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1372F7BA0FFDEF55FEFDAA37AC5CDD9D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="81A38BC72E67615F13FD5309D0FE2AB5">Medeiros, Marcelo S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="915462B12DEF0D56119286572DD78F14">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="386543BF5978F6909EEB76BAE7EC22D5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="373100AB6829E6C25C2D23D2C090C42E">
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<mods:date id="896A0FC023D114C269567C3DB32F4BAD">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6B18F2D9A325663E3204657045320DA8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0F5E702A0894EB14BCAA9B8D4D9862CC">323</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6F72335EECD00247EEF0B48C344FCF94" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.156622</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C40D87A0FFFD0406BF1FFB873085FC98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273791" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119332291" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273791" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C40D87A0FFFD0406BF1FFB873085FC98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C40D87A0FFFD0406BF1FFB873085FC98" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="04BE653DFFFD0401BF1FFB8735CEFBFA" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFFD0401BF1FFB873634FBDC" blockId="1.[264,626,1080,1140]" box="[264,626,1080,1106]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="175381DAFFFD0401BF1FFB873634FBDC" bold="true" box="[264,626,1080,1106]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFD0401BF1FFB873634FBDC" ID-CoL="5ZZLG" authority="Bayer, 1964" authorityName="Bayer" authorityYear="1964" box="[264,626,1080,1106]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
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<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFD0401BF1FFB873634FBDC" bold="true" box="[264,626,1080,1106]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFD0401BF1FFB87359FFBDC" bold="true" box="[264,473,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Corallium medea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFFD0401BFF6FB873634FBDC" author="Bayer" box="[481,626,1080,1106]" pageId="1" pageNumber="7" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1964) The genus Corallium (Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Marine Sciences of the Gulf and Caribbean, 14 (3), 465 - 478. Bayer, F. M. (1981) Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (3), 901 - 947." type="journal article" year="1964">Bayer, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFFD0401BF1FFBE535CEFBFA" blockId="1.[264,626,1080,1140]" box="[264,392,1114,1140]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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(
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<figureCitation id="D49F2A33FFFD0401BF06FBE53539FBFA" box="[273,383,1114,1140]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="2.[264,367,1847,1871]" captionStartId-1="3.[264,368,1126,1150]" captionStartId-2="4.[264,368,1674,1698]" captionStartId-3="5.[264,368,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox-0="[264,1322,1089,1820]" captionTargetBox-1="[264,1322,321,1098]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1322,313,1663]" captionTargetBox-3="[283,1303,969,1787]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[264,1322,1089,1820]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[264,1322,321,1100]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[264,1322,307,1669]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[283,1304,969,1787]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): A, fragment, scale bar = 1 cm; B, branches showing distribution of polyp mounds, scale bar = 2 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): axis under SEM. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): sclerites: A, doubleclubs of coenenchymal surface; B, radiates of inner coenenchyme; C, radiates of tentacles; D, pharyngeal rods. Scale bar = 30 m." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Distribution of Corallium medea. Arrows in smaller map indicate known records; small arrow in larger map shows location of South Atlantic record." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/156623/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/168792/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/156625/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/156626/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04BE653DFFFD0401BF1FFB1A303AFB32" box="[264,1148,1189,1212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFFD0401BF1FFB1A303AFB32" blockId="1.[264,1148,1189,1212]" box="[264,1148,1189,1212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6CB41198FFFD0401BF1FFB1A303AFB32" box="[264,1148,1189,1212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFD0401BF1FFB1A363DFB32" ID-CoL="5ZZLG" authority="Bayer 1964: 468" authorityName="Bayer" authorityPageNumber="468" authorityYear="1964" box="[264,635,1189,1212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
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<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFD0401BF1FFB1A3587FB32" box="[264,449,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Corallium medea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD0510A7FFFD0401BFDEFB1A363DFB32" author="Bayer" box="[457,635,1189,1212]" page="468" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1964">
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<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFFD0401BFDEFB1A360EFB32" author="Bayer" box="[457,584,1189,1212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="7" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1964) The genus Corallium (Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Marine Sciences of the Gulf and Caribbean, 14 (3), 465 - 478. Bayer, F. M. (1981) Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (3), 901 - 947." type="journal article" year="1964">Bayer 1964</bibRefCitation>
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: 468
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–473, figs. 1–3;
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<treatmentCitation id="CD0510A7FFFD0401BD3FFB1A3060FB32" author="Messing" box="[808,1062,1189,1212]" page="32" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFFD0401BD3FFB1A37B8FB32" author="Messing" box="[808,1022,1189,1212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="8" refString="Messing, C. G., Neumann, A. C. & Lang, J. C. (1990) Biozonation of deep-water lithoherms and associated hardgrounds in the northeastern Straits of Florida. Palaios, 5, 15 - 33." type="journal article" year="1990">
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Messing
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<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFD0401BD9EFB1A37FEFB32" box="[905,952,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al</emphasis>
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. 1990
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 32
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 7a.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04BE653DFFFD0401BF1FFB4F36E1FA24" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFFD0401BF1FFB4F36E1FA24" blockId="1.[264,1325,1264,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFD0401BF1FFB4F35C6FA84" bold="true" box="[264,384,1264,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Branches nearly round in cross section. Coenenchymal surface smooth or with extremely small granulations. Axis without pits beneath autozooids. Autozooids predominantly facing one side of the colony and retracted within hemispherical coenenchymal mounds. Coenenchyme with 6, 7, and 8radiates, and double clubs. Double clubs with small protuberances on their heads.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04BE653DFFFD0401BF2FFA083096F9C4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFFD0401BF2FFA083096F9C4" blockId="1.[264,1325,1264,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFD0401BF2FFA083662FA5F" bold="true" box="[312,548,1463,1489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="2AB5AE73FFFD0401BC23FA0736C4FA5C" box="[564,642,1464,1490]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MNRJ</collectionCode>
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4263 (intertwined with a colony of the scleractinian coral
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<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFD0401BF1FFA5F3597FA77" box="[264,465,1504,1529]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
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<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFD0401BF1FFA5F3597FA77" box="[264,465,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Lophelia pertusa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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— only a small area with tissue),
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<collectionCode id="2AB5AE73FFFD0401BD78FA5F37F8FA74" box="[879,958,1504,1530]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MNRJ</collectionCode>
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4265 (fragment),
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<collectionCode id="2AB5AE73FFFD0401BA8EFA5F30A1FA74" box="[1177,1255,1504,1530]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">MNRJ</collectionCode>
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4887 (colony with base), Almirante Saldanha Bank (22 22.35” S, 0 37 39.32” W),
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<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFD0401BA89F9B73160F9AC" box="[1182,1318,1544,1570]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="440.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="380.0">380–500 m</quantity>
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, collected by REVIZEE project, research vessel
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<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFD0401BD20F98F37A0F9C7" box="[823,998,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Astro Garoupa</emphasis>
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,
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<date id="381A1076FFFD0401BDE3F98F308DF9C4" box="[1012,1227,1584,1610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1997-11-06">6 November 1997</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04BE653DFFFD0402BF2FF9E83642FB88" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFFD0402BF2FF9E83642FB88" blockId="1.[264,1325,1264,1890]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1323,284,1030]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFD0401BF2FF9E8358FF9FF" bold="true" box="[312,457,1623,1649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description</emphasis>
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. Arborescent planar colonies (
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<figureCitation id="D49F2A33FFFD0401BD53F9E737CCF9FC" box="[836,906,1624,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,1089,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1322,1089,1820]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): A, fragment, scale bar = 1 cm; B, branches showing distribution of polyp mounds, scale bar = 2 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156623/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A). Studied specimens include an almost complete colony (MNRJ 4887) and a fragment (MNRJ 4265), 15.5 and
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<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFD0401BADCF93F316BF914" box="[1227,1325,1664,1690]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="cm" value="28.6">28.6 cm</quantity>
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high, 18.0 and 14.0 cm wide, and 6.1 and
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<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFD0401BD17F9173717F94C" box="[768,849,1704,1730]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="cm" value="5.3">5.3 cm</quantity>
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deep, respectively. Branching irregular, up to the fourth order. Terminal branches may anastomose. Colony base (MNRJ 4887) spreads irregularly, as a thin calcareous holdfast, over an area
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<date id="381A1076FFFD0401BDC8F9473054F89C" box="[991,1042,1784,1810]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1963-10">63 x</date>
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<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFD0401BA0EF947302AF89C" box="[1049,1132,1784,1810]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
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in its maximum dimensions. Branches taper from base to tip — example of thickness of consecutive branch axes (just after branching): near base
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<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFD0401BD3CF8F737C3F8EC" box="[811,901,1864,1890]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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; trunk
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<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFD0401BDCCF8F7300CF8EC" box="[987,1098,1864,1890]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="17.2">17.2 mm</quantity>
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; secondary branch
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<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BF1FFEA33533FEB8" box="[264,373,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="11.7">11.7 mm</quantity>
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; tertiary branch
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<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BC2EFEA336DEFEB8" box="[569,664,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
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; terminal (lateral) twigs
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<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BDD7FEA33017FEB8" box="[960,1105,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="2.35" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.9 mm</quantity>
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||
; distal branch tips 2.0–
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<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BF2DFEFB35D9FED0" box="[314,415,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
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. Branches round in cross section. Axis with several narrow longitudinal grooves: surface almost smooth under light microscope, with minute scattered “spines” on the surface; surface finely tuberculated/spinous under SEM (
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<figureCitation id="D49F2A33FFFE0402BDF7FE2B306DFE20" box="[992,1067,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1126,1150]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,321,1098]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[264,1322,321,1100]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): axis under SEM. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168792/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Coenenchymal surface smooth or with extremely small granulations. Polyps scattered on one side of the colony (front), up to seven per centimetre of branch, absent on proximal regions of trunk and main branches, retracted within low, hemispherical, coenenchymal mounds, up to
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<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BAC7FDB3316DFDA8" box="[1232,1323,524,550]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
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high and
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BF61FD8B3589FDC0" box="[374,463,564,590]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D49F2A33FFFE0402BC37FD8B3625FDC0" box="[544,611,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,1089,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1322,1089,1820]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): A, fragment, scale bar = 1 cm; B, branches showing distribution of polyp mounds, scale bar = 2 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156623/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Polyp aperture present as a small depression on mounds, sometimes not visible; marginal lobes or furrows absent on coenenchymal mound or aperture margins. Siphonozooids as small depressions with minute pores (circa
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BABDFD3B314EFD10" box="[1194,1288,644,670]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) around the base of autozooid mounds and sparse on the general coenenchyme. Coenenchyme with two layers of sclerites: outer mainly with double clubs (0.05 x 0.05– 0.06 x
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BF4FFD43358FFC98" box="[344,457,764,790]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
|
||
), with small protuberances on their heads (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D49F2A33FFFE0402BDCEFD433067FC98" box="[985,1057,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,313,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1322,307,1669]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): sclerites: A, doubleclubs of coenenchymal surface; B, radiates of inner coenenchyme; C, radiates of tentacles; D, pharyngeal rods. Scale bar = 30 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156625/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A); inner with double clubs (size equal to outer layer), 8radiate (
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BD12FC9B37F7FCB0" box="[773,945,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.08" valueMax="0.09" valueMin="0.07">0.07–0.09 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), 7radiate (
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BA68FC9B316DFCB0" box="[1151,1323,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
long), and 6radiate capstans (
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BC66FCF33759FCE8" box="[625,799,844,870]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D49F2A33FFFE0402BD6EFCF33787FCE8" box="[889,961,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,313,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1322,307,1669]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): sclerites: A, doubleclubs of coenenchymal surface; B, radiates of inner coenenchyme; C, radiates of tentacles; D, pharyngeal rods. Scale bar = 30 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156625/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Polyp sclerites as multiple rows of small radiates along bases and proximal parts of tentacles (
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BA21FCCB30A5FC00" box="[1078,1251,884,910]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.045" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D49F2A33FFFE0402BF06FC233510FC38" box="[273,342,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,313,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1322,307,1669]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): sclerites: A, doubleclubs of coenenchymal surface; B, radiates of inner coenenchyme; C, radiates of tentacles; D, pharyngeal rods. Scale bar = 30 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156625/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C), which are absent from distal areas of tentacles, and slender, spinous rods (
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFE0402BAF1FC233535FC50" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.05" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.04">0.04– 0.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D49F2A33FFFE0402BFDCFC7B3654FC50" box="[459,530,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,313,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1322,307,1669]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): sclerites: A, doubleclubs of coenenchymal surface; B, radiates of inner coenenchyme; C, radiates of tentacles; D, pharyngeal rods. Scale bar = 30 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156625/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D) in the pharynx. Calcareous axis white; coenenchyme yellowish white; polyps yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="18DB663EFFFE0402BF1FF8883744F8FF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156623/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[264,1322,1089,1820]" targetPageId="2">
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||
<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFFE0402BF1FF8883744F8FF" blockId="2.[264,1322,1847,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFE0402BF1FF88835CDF8C1" bold="true" box="[264,395,1847,1871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFE0402BF84F887360AF8C1" box="[403,588,1848,1871]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFE0402BF84F887360AF8C1" box="[403,588,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Corallium medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNRJ 4265): A, fragment, scale bar = 1 cm; B, branches showing distribution of polyp mounds, scale bar = 2 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="18DB663EFFFF0403BF1FFBD930C3FBF3" box="[264,1157,1126,1150]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168792/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[264,1322,321,1098]" targetPageId="3">
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||
<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFFF0403BF1FFBD930C3FBF3" blockId="3.[264,1157,1126,1150]" box="[264,1157,1126,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFF0403BF1FFBD935CCFBF0" bold="true" box="[264,394,1126,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFF0403BF86FBD8360CFBF0" box="[401,586,1127,1150]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFF0403BF86FBD8360CFBF0" box="[401,586,1127,1150]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Corallium medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNRJ 4265): axis under SEM. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="04BE653DFFFF0406BF2FFB673085FC98" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFFF0403BF2FFB673692FACD" blockId="3.[264,1323,1240,1787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFF0403BF2FFB6735FAFB7C" bold="true" box="[312,444,1240,1266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. The specimens here reported are very close to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFF0403BA23FB6630E0FB7C" box="[1076,1190,1241,1266]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFF0403BA23FB6630E0FB7C" box="[1076,1190,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens recorded from the Straits of Florida (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFFF0403BCADFABE370FFA95" author="Bayer" box="[698,841,1281,1307]" pageId="3" pageNumber="7" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1964) The genus Corallium (Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Marine Sciences of the Gulf and Caribbean, 14 (3), 465 - 478. Bayer, F. M. (1981) Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (3), 901 - 947." type="journal article" year="1964">Bayer 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are only minor differences, most probably of no taxonomic significance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFFF0403BF2FFAEE350FF975" blockId="3.[264,1323,1240,1787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Specimen MNRJ 4265 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D49F2A33FFFF0403BC44FAEE36D0FAE5" box="[595,662,1361,1387]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,1089,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1322,1089,1820]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): A, fragment, scale bar = 1 cm; B, branches showing distribution of polyp mounds, scale bar = 2 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156623/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) is much larger (
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFF0403BD48FAEE3786FAE5" box="[863,960,1361,1387]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="28.6">28.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
long) than the broken terminal branches described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFFF0403BC0EFAC63033FA1D" author="Bayer" box="[537,1141,1401,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="7" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1964) The genus Corallium (Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Marine Sciences of the Gulf and Caribbean, 14 (3), 465 - 478. Bayer, F. M. (1981) Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (3), 901 - 947." type="journal article" year="1964">
|
||
Bayer (1964: figured
|
||
<typeStatus id="931F8814FFFF0403BD0CFAC6371FFA1D" box="[795,857,1401,1427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">types</typeStatus>
|
||
circa 4 and
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFF0403BDF8FAC6306DFA1D" box="[1007,1067,1401,1427]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
long)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFFF0403BA95FAC63517FA35" author="Messing" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" refString="Messing, C. G., Neumann, A. C. & Lang, J. C. (1990) Biozonation of deep-water lithoherms and associated hardgrounds in the northeastern Straits of Florida. Palaios, 5, 15 - 33." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Messing
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFF0403BAF9FAC63165FA1C" box="[1262,1315,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 32) reports colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFF0403BC7BFA1E369CFA34" box="[620,730,1441,1466]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFF0403BC7BFA1E369CFA34" box="[620,730,1441,1466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
up to
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFF0403BD32FA1E372BFA35" box="[805,877,1441,1467]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, which is roughly the size of our largest specimen. However, they describe the full colonies as “flabellate, sparsely branched colonies” (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFFF0403BC39FA4E3766F985" author="Messing" box="[558,800,1521,1547]" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" refString="Messing, C. G., Neumann, A. C. & Lang, J. C. (1990) Biozonation of deep-water lithoherms and associated hardgrounds in the northeastern Straits of Florida. Palaios, 5, 15 - 33." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Messing
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFF0403BC8CFA4E3697F984" box="[667,721,1521,1546]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 32, fig. 7a). Their figure suggests colonies without a trunk, differently from our largest specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D49F2A33FFFF0403BDB0F9A637A9F9BD" box="[935,1007,1561,1587]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,1089,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[264,1322,1089,1820]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): A, fragment, scale bar = 1 cm; B, branches showing distribution of polyp mounds, scale bar = 2 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156623/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The original description indicates that polyp aperture margins form 8 lobes; these lobes are absent in our specimens. Bayer’s (1964: fig. 3f) drawings show somewhat stouter pharyngeal rods (
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFF0403BAD7F9D6316DF90D" box="[1216,1323,1641,1667]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
long); our specimens show mostly longer (
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFF0403BD33F92E379CF925" box="[804,986,1681,1707]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.05" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.04">0.04–0.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
), slender rods, with spines chiefly on their extremities. However, a few stouter rods were also seen in our preparations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="18DB663EFFF80404BF1FF9353167F94A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156625/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[264,1322,313,1663]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFF80404BF1FF9353167F94A" blockId="4.[264,1323,1674,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFF80404BF1FF93535CDF92C" bold="true" box="[264,395,1674,1698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFF80404BF83F9353608F92F" box="[404,590,1674,1697]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFF80404BF83F9353608F92F" box="[404,590,1674,1697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Corallium medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNRJ 4265): sclerites: A, doubleclubs of coenenchymal surface; B, radiates of inner coenenchyme; C, radiates of tentacles; D, pharyngeal rods. Scale bar = 30 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFF80405BF2FF89F3762FCE8" blockId="4.[264,1323,1824,1890]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1324,284,870]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFF80404BF2FF89F3595F8B4" author="Bayer" box="[312,467,1824,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1964) The genus Corallium (Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Marine Sciences of the Gulf and Caribbean, 14 (3), 465 - 478. Bayer, F. M. (1981) Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (3), 901 - 947." type="journal article" year="1964">Bayer (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described two forms of branches in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFF80404BD95F89F37B7F8B7" box="[898,1009,1824,1849]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFF80404BD95F89F37B7F8B7" box="[898,1009,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The form associated with his “
|
||
<typeStatus id="931F8814FFF80404BF2AF8F73534F8EC" box="[317,370,1864,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
fragments” (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFF80404BC2BF8F73689F8EC" author="Bayer" box="[572,719,1864,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="7" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1964) The genus Corallium (Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Marine Sciences of the Gulf and Caribbean, 14 (3), 465 - 478. Bayer, F. M. (1981) Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (3), 901 - 947." type="journal article" year="1964">Bayer, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1 legend) has stout terminal branches and few lateral twigs. Their coenenchymal mounds are prominent and grouped in clusters. Bayer did not mention branch diameters, but his figure 2a shows a fragment with branch diameters, coenenchymal mounds excluded, of
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFF90405BCE7FED33738FE08" box="[752,894,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with terminal branch tips conspicuously clavate due to the clustering of autozooids. Bayer also described a “variation with irregular branching” (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFF90405BC24FE033683FE58" author="Bayer" box="[563,709,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="7" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1964) The genus Corallium (Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Marine Sciences of the Gulf and Caribbean, 14 (3), 465 - 478. Bayer, F. M. (1981) Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (3), 901 - 947." type="journal article" year="1964">Bayer, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 471, figs.1 right, 2b), which presented more slender branches (diameters, without coenenchymal mounds,
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFF90405BD8AFE5B3076FE70" box="[925,1072,484,510]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with several rather short lateral twigs. The autozooids of this form have less prominent mounds, not so obviously grouped in clusters, and the branch tips are not so conspicuously clavate. Our specimens have intermediate characteristics, with some stouter terminal (lateral) twigs like the “
|
||
<typeStatus id="931F8814FFF90405BF05FD3B3501FD10" box="[274,327,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
fragments”, but also several rather short lateral twigs like in the “variation”. Also, coenenchymal mound size is closer to that of the “
|
||
<typeStatus id="931F8814FFF90405BD72FD1337DCFD48" box="[869,922,684,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
fragments”, but their distribution seems to be closer to the “variation”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFF90405BCDEFD6B37E6FD60" author="Bayer" box="[713,928,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="7" refString="Bayer, F. M. (1964) The genus Corallium (Gorgonacea: Scleraxonia) in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Marine Sciences of the Gulf and Caribbean, 14 (3), 465 - 478. Bayer, F. M. (1981) Key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of Pennatulacea (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with diagnoses of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94 (3), 901 - 947." type="journal article" year="1964">Bayer (1964: 471)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested these forms could represent individual variation within one species or two species differing morphologically in only minor details. Our specimens indicate Bayer’s forms belong to a single species or even to different branches of the same colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="18DB663EFFF90405BF1FF8A93796F8DD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156626/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[283,1303,969,1787]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFF90405BF1FF8A93796F8DD" blockId="5.[264,1322,1814,1875]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFF90405BF1FF8A935C8F8A0" bold="true" box="[264,398,1814,1838]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFF90405BC51F8A83742F8A0" box="[582,772,1815,1838]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFF90405BC51F8A83742F8A0" box="[582,772,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Corallium medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Arrows in smaller map indicate known records; small arrow in larger map shows location of South Atlantic record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C1B36B6FFFA0406BF2FFEA33085FC98" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Part of the studied material (MNRJ 4263) was found associated (intermingled) with the deep water, reef forming, scleractinian coral
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFA0406BD5DFEFB3055FED3" box="[842,1043,324,349]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFA0406BD5DFEFB3055FED3" box="[842,1043,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lophelia pertusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFFA0406BAD0FEFB35DAFE08" pageId="6" pageNumber="8" refString="Messing, C. G., Neumann, A. C. & Lang, J. C. (1990) Biozonation of deep-water lithoherms and associated hardgrounds in the northeastern Straits of Florida. Palaios, 5, 15 - 33." type="journal article">
|
||
Messing
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFA0406BF1FFED33505FE0B" box="[264,323,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1990)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFA0406BFB0FED33635FE0B" box="[423,627,364,389]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFA0406BFB0FED33635FE0B" box="[423,627,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Corallium medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a quite common species in open sediment and low hardground environments in deepwater coral banks in the Straits of Florida (a trough between peninsular Florida and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="34B37626FFFA0406BC01FE0336EBFE58" box="[534,685,444,470]" name="Bahamas" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands), which are partly dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFA0406BA9DFE0335B2FE70" authority="Pallas, 1766" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="prolifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFA0406BA9DFE033501FE73" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lophelia prolifera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFFA0406BF4FFE5B35AAFE70" author="Pallas" box="[344,492,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="8" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis. Hagae Comitum, [i] - xvi + [17] - 28 + 1 - 451." type="journal article" year="1766">Pallas, 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFA0406BC00FE5B36C9FE73" box="[535,655,484,509]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFA0406BC00FE5B36C9FE73" box="[535,655,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. pertusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
acc.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFFA0406BCD9FE5B372CFE70" author="Cairns" box="[718,874,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="8" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2000) A revision of the shallow-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia of the western Atlantic. Studies on the Natural History of the Caribbean Region, 75, 1 - 240." type="journal article" year="2000">Cairns, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFA0406BD69FE5B37ABFE73" box="[894,1005,484,509]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFA0406BD69FE5B37ABFE73" box="[894,1005,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed in 21.1% of the “low hardground/pavement” frames of 867 photographs taken in these habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFFA0406BAC8FDB335F3FDC0" author="Messing" pageId="6" pageNumber="8" refString="Messing, C. G., Neumann, A. C. & Lang, J. C. (1990) Biozonation of deep-water lithoherms and associated hardgrounds in the northeastern Straits of Florida. Palaios, 5, 15 - 33." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Messing
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFA0406BF22FD8B3521FDC3" box="[309,359,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Deepwater coral banks have also been described off southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="34B37626FFFA0406BACBFD8B3161FDC0" box="[1244,1319,564,590]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, attaining up to hundreds of meters in length,
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFA0406BD0BFDE337C2FDF8" box="[796,900,604,630]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 m</quantity>
|
||
in height, and developing a 40kmlong coral field (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28354B47FFFA0406BFC3FD3B36EBFD10" author="Viana" box="[468,685,644,670]" pageId="6" pageNumber="8" refString="Viana, A. R., Faugeres, J. C., Kowsmann, R. O., Lima, J. A. N., Kaddah, L. F. G. & Rizzo, J. G. (1997) Hydrology, morphology and sedimentology of the Campos continental margin, offshore Brazil. Sedimentary Geology, 115, 133 - 157." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Viana
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFA0406BC32FD3B361AFD13" box="[549,604,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These coral fields also have live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFA0406BA4FFD3B3095FD13" box="[1112,1235,644,669]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFA0406BA4FFD3B3095FD13" box="[1112,1235,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L. pertusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(D.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="34B37626FFFA0406BB19FD3B3160FD10" box="[1294,1318,644,670]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Pires, pers. comm.) and they are just
|
||
<quantity id="8B5C9B53FFFA0406BCACFD133755FD48" box="[699,787,684,710]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="km" value="300.0">300 km</quantity>
|
||
away from the oceanic bank where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFA0406BAABFD13316CFD4B" box="[1212,1322,684,709]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFA0406BAABFD13316CFD4B" box="[1212,1322,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="34B37626FFFA0406BFBFFD6B35B5FD60" box="[424,499,724,750]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The size of these fields and their proximity suggest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFA0406BA49FD6B3088FD63" box="[1118,1230,724,749]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFA0406BA49FD6B3088FD63" box="[1118,1230,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be found there in the future. The known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BA44D35FFFA0406BD62FD4337A5FC9B" box="[885,995,764,789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Coralliidae" genus="Corallium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="medea">
|
||
<emphasis id="7ED0EAA4FFFA0406BD62FD4337A5FC9B" box="[885,995,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. medea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="D49F2A33FFFA0406BA6FFD4330F9FC98" box="[1144,1215,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[283,1303,969,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[283,1304,969,1787]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution of Corallium medea. Arrows in smaller map indicate known records; small arrow in larger map shows location of South Atlantic record." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156626/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |