treatments-xml/data/18/73/E5/1873E5250F6EFF83FF342069281D8E1A.xml

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<mods:title id="D94603EED181558C144AF9B93007F624">A new species of Brachygasterina Macquart from Colombia, and description of the males of B. stuebeli Röder and B. muisca Soares &amp; Carvalho (Diptera: Muscidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D68A5F579773BDF4E375259D08A9ED89">Wolff, Marta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="26AC02AD4B7F13D4856879F909F6D06E">De, Claudio J. B.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="D8C007B80F6EFF83FF34206929C3893F" box="[151,651,568,595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="906554330F6EFF83FF34206929C3893F" blockId="1.[151,651,568,595]" box="[151,651,568,595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="CB2DE35F0F6EFF83FF34206929C3893F" bold="true" box="[151,651,568,595]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FF34206929C3893F" bold="true" box="[151,651,568,595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FF4D206829CD893F" ID-CoL="3CCP" authority="Macquart, 1851" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1851" box="[238,645,568,595]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FF4D20682AFE893E" bold="true" box="[238,438,569,595]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Brachygasterina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F44B29C20F6EFF83FE1E206929CD893F" author="Macquart" box="[445,645,568,594]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Macquart, J. (1851) Dipteres Exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Suite du 4. e Supplement publie dans les memoires de 1849 [part]. Memoires de la Societe (Royale) des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts a Lille, 1850, 134 - 294." type="journal article" year="1851">Macquart, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8C007B80F6EFF83FF34202A285089FD" box="[151,792,634,656]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="906554330F6EFF83FF34202A285089FD" blockId="1.[151,792,634,656]" box="[151,792,634,656]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<typeStatus id="4F61EA910F6EFF83FF34202A2B8089FD" box="[151,200,635,656]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FE85202B285C89FD" authority="Macquart, 1851" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1851" box="[294,788,634,656]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceiventris">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FE85202B292289FD" box="[294,618,634,656]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Brachygasterina violaceiventris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F44B29C20F6EFF83FDD3202A285C89FD" author="Macquart" box="[624,788,634,656]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Macquart, J. (1851) Dipteres Exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Suite du 4. e Supplement publie dans les memoires de 1849 [part]. Memoires de la Societe (Royale) des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts a Lille, 1850, 134 - 294." type="journal article" year="1851">Macquart, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8C007B80F6EFF83FF3420EC28968F33" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="906554330F6EFF83FF3420EC2BBB88C0" blockId="1.[151,1437,701,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FF3420EC2A4289BB" bold="true" box="[151,266,701,726]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(modified from Soares &amp; de Carvalho 2007). General body color generally dark-brown with metallic blue, bluish-purple or greenish-blue. A few exceptions to this body color are found in 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FBFE20B32ED48994" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[1117,1436,737,761]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvohumeralis">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FBFE20B32E6D8994" box="[1117,1317,737,761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. fulvohumeralis</emphasis>
(Malloch)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FF6F215729E78870" authority="Couri, Carvalho &amp; Pont. In" authorityName="Couri, Carvalho &amp; Pont. In" box="[204,687,773,797]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FF6F21572A118870" box="[204,345,773,797]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. maculata</emphasis>
Couri, Carvalho &amp; Pont. In
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FD1F215728C18870" box="[700,905,773,797]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvohumeralis">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FD1F215728C18870" box="[700,905,773,797]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. fulvohumeralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the humeral callus and anterior spiracle are yellowish and in 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FEF9217B2AAA882C" box="[346,482,809,833]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FEF9217B2AAA882C" box="[346,482,809,833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the segments of abdomen are yellow. Males are holoptic with short or long hairs on the eyes; postpedicel usually strongly dilated; arista almost bare; palpus dilated; dorsocentrals 2:4; meron and katepimeron bare; hind tibia with strong calcar; ovipositor long, tergites 6–7 anchor-shaped; sternites 6 and 7 divided.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="906554330F6EFF83FF6421E828968F33" blockId="1.[151,1437,701,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
Geographical records of previously known species are as follows: 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FC1F21E82FF788BC" box="[956,1215,953,977]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andin">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FC1F21E82FF788BC" box="[956,1215,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Brachygasterina andin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a Carvalho &amp; Pont: 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FF34218D2A408899" box="[151,264,988,1012]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FEB5218D2A3F8899" box="[278,375,988,1012]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
; 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FE26218F29A18899" authority="Soares &amp; Carvalho" authorityName="Soares &amp; Carvalho" box="[389,745,988,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bochica">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FE26218F29488898" box="[389,512,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. bochica</emphasis>
Soares &amp; Carvalho
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FD54218D28218899" box="[759,873,988,1012]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Colombia</collectingCountry>
; 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FCD4218F2FE58899" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[887,1197,988,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvohumeralis">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FCD4218F2F098898" box="[887,1089,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. fulvohumeralis</emphasis>
Malloch
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FB19218D2FB28899" box="[1210,1274,988,1012]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Chile</collectingCountry>
; 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FAAB218F2A278F7A" authority="Soares &amp; Carvalho" authorityName="Soares &amp; Carvalho" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FAAB218F2ED48898" box="[1288,1436,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. humboldti</emphasis>
Soares &amp; Carvalho
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FEDA21AE2AA28F7A" box="[377,490,1023,1047]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FE5621AE291C8F7A" box="[501,596,1023,1047]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FDFD21AE299D8F7A" box="[606,725,1023,1047]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
; 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FD7C26502F338F7A" authority="Couri, Carvalho &amp; Pont" authorityName="Couri, Carvalho &amp; Pont" box="[735,1147,1023,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FD7C2650282E8F75" box="[735,870,1024,1048]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. maculata</emphasis>
Couri, Carvalho &amp; Pont
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FB2721AE2F8C8F7A" box="[1156,1220,1023,1047]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Chile</collectingCountry>
; 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FB6C26502ED18F7A" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[1231,1433,1023,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FB6C26502E788F75" box="[1231,1328,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. major</emphasis>
Malloch
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FF3426722A418F56" box="[151,265,1059,1083]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FEB026722A1B8F56" box="[275,339,1059,1083]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Chile</collectingCountry>
; 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FEFD267529E38F56" authority="Soares &amp; Carvalho" authorityName="Soares &amp; Carvalho" box="[350,683,1059,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muisca">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FEFD26752A848F56" box="[350,460,1060,1083]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. muisca</emphasis>
Soares &amp; Carvalho
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FD162672286F8F56" box="[693,807,1059,1083]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Colombia</collectingCountry>
; 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FC9226752F408F56" authority="Roder" authorityName="Roder" box="[817,1032,1059,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stuebeli">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FC92267528EE8F56" box="[817,934,1059,1083]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. stuebeli</emphasis>
(Röder)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FBB126722FCB8F56" box="[1042,1155,1059,1083]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FB2D26722FA78F56" box="[1166,1263,1059,1083]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
; 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FB5A26752AC98F33" authority="Pamplona &amp; Couri" authorityName="Pamplona &amp; Couri" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FB5A26752ED48F56" box="[1273,1436,1059,1083]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. valdiviensis</emphasis>
(Pamplona &amp; Couri)
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FE2F26172A848F33" box="[396,460,1094,1118]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Chile</collectingCountry>
; 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FE742616285A8F33" authority="Macquart" authorityName="Macquart" box="[471,786,1094,1118]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceiventris">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FE74261629D38F33" box="[471,667,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">B. violaceiventris</emphasis>
Macquart
</taxonomicName>
: 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FCBF261728C68F33" box="[796,910,1094,1118]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FC39261728928F33" box="[922,986,1094,1118]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D8C007B80F6EFF83FF642638281D8E1A" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="906554330F6EFF83FF642638281D8E1A" blockId="1.[151,1437,701,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FF6426382ACA8FEC" ID-CoL="3CCP" box="[199,386,1129,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FF6426382ACA8FEC" box="[199,386,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Brachygasterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been examined in recent literature, with a comprehensive redescription of the genus, descriptions of species and a key to the species (de 
<bibRefCitation id="F44B29C20F6EFF83FD7026DD289A8FC9" author="Carvalho" box="[723,978,1164,1188]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="de Carvalho, C. J. B &amp; Pont, A. C. (2006) Taxonomy, cladistics and biogeography of the South American genus Brachygasterina Macquart (Diptera: Muscidae). Zootaxa, 1151, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2006">Carvalho &amp; Pont 2006</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="F44B29C20F6EFF83FC7F26DD2FD38FC9" author="Couri" box="[988,1179,1164,1189]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Couri, M. S., de Carvalho, C. J. B. &amp; Pont, A. C. (2007) A new species of Brachygasterina Macquart from Chile (Diptera, Muscidae, Azeliinae). Neotropical Entomology, 36, 229 - 232." type="journal article" year="2007">
Couri 
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FB8026DF2F138FC8" box="[1059,1115,1165,1189]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
, Soares &amp; de Carvalho 2007). The genus was recently included in a cladistic analysis of Reinwardtiinae (
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FBF826E02FD18FA5" box="[1115,1177,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">sensu</emphasis>
Couri &amp; de 
<bibRefCitation id="F44B29C20F6EFF83FA9626FE2B9B8F86" author="Carvalho" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Couri, M. S. &amp; de Carvalho, C. J. B. (2003) Systematic relations among Philornis Meinert, Passeromyia Rodhain &amp; Villeneuve and allied genera (Diptera, Muscidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 63, 223 - 232." type="journal article" year="2003">Carvalho 2003</bibRefCitation>
), within the doctoral thesis of Elaine D.G. Soares. As understood in the present paper, 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FB3F26822E1F8F86" ID-CoL="3CCP" box="[1180,1367,1235,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FB3F26822E1F8F86" box="[1180,1367,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Brachygasterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not a monophyletic group and the cladistic analysis of 
<bibRefCitation id="F44B29C20F6EFF83FD4426A728CE8E63" author="Soares" box="[743,902,1270,1294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Soares, E. D. G. (2008) Reinwardtiinae (Diptera: Muscidae) e um grupo monofiletico?: uma abordagem cladistica morfologica e molecular. Ph. D. Thesis, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Entomologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba. 160 pp." type="book" year="2008">Soares (2008)</bibRefCitation>
suggests a new taxonomic arrangement along with the other Andean genera 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FE59274B28928E5C" ID-CoL="62MGV" authority="Malloch, Dalcyella Carvalho" authorityName="Malloch, Dalcyella Carvalho" box="[506,986,1305,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Correntosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FE59274B29C88E5C" box="[506,640,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Correntosia</emphasis>
Malloch, 
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FD5A2748282E8E5C" box="[761,870,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Dalcyella</emphasis>
Carvalho
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FC4B27482F938E5C" ID-CoL="6CW8" authority="Rondani" authorityName="Rondani" box="[1000,1243,1305,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Palpibracus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FC4B27482F398E5C" box="[1000,1137,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Palpibracus</emphasis>
Rondani
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FAB427482A6D8E39" ID-CoL="747R" authority="Stein. Today" authorityName="Stein. Today" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Psilochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FAB427482ED38E5C" box="[1303,1435,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Psilochaeta</emphasis>
Stein. Today
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="57DA2FB00F6EFF83FE93276C2AA28E38" ID-CoL="3CCP" box="[304,490,1341,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Brachygasterina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A2AE88210F6EFF83FE93276C2AA28E38" box="[304,490,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Brachygasterina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises 11 species (including the new species described herein), six of which are found at higher altitudes in 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FE68270E29628E1A" box="[459,554,1375,1399]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FD95270E29EC8E1A" box="[566,676,1375,1399]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="E8CD14A30F6EFF83FD79270E28198E1A" box="[730,849,1375,1399]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>