239 lines
35 KiB
XML
239 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="4B129FD1D644F64EA8FA282855199706" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e679b9-c179-4183-9f3f-c03af691178d" ModsDocID="z01560p019" checkinTime="1253452855985" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="William T. White, Peter R. Last & John D. Stevens" docDate="2007" docId="94D47905FB2858E1CAEE60FE751CE49D" docLanguage="en" docName="2007_White_Last_Stevens_2_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1560" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0CACC616-279B-4996-9DCB-0B6B2A39C159" docTitle="Cirrhigaleus australis White, Last & Stevens, 2007, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="851A650EAECEB3D19DA6EDAA4293B40F" masterDocTitle="Cirrhigaleus australis n. sp., a new Mandarin dogfish (Squaliformes: Squalidae) from the south-west Pacific." masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1701328002681" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="66F310C558CFAF033EA86F95DF81A039" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4FE976F550350102C2EA991736B182DD">
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<mods:title id="D64CDED509D3D7036E172541211BD38F">Cirrhigaleus australis n. sp., a new Mandarin dogfish (Squaliformes: Squalidae) from the south-west Pacific.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E4B99BB8CEFBB8193888324DEE1625A3" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="144A75A065D164A27FCE9455B9637A80">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E29E6B3A793676A017459A93EC423BF2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="84F6E86AE34AE7DB0071DC70EDAA2F61">William T. White</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C7CF50DA043D91677F9C1CACC59CD537" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="26A86562057DD16381A62BEC519514E3">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4BEA5A562776850A4FF7B7728A9FEB31">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="752D6BFBFE716E7E60061BD247920E03">Peter R. Last</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CC365DABD14FEECAA3E7A6E1D8641D88" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A17697842320B61E21CF2F3DD1BB088B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="98F08598CEDDAD35C0908B186211BE76">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="46BD72EE02C5E45D275C3B3A94162721">John D. Stevens</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6C9C59E7D71DC5AD476C9252F42E9D87">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="06400AC332542145A65BBC152934D7F5" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9657985B2AD9EBB7C83E4AC932D83D66">
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<mods:title id="B26E32561D0FAFEE28D35D1E2A4324F7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A02F735D3A37C7290B58019993E161C9">
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<mods:date id="F2A6B1266B4462F508DE37DD8B74CAAB">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="7A7F0B5200E05624AD1FD39055CD2266" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8873CD73D029533FA2388FC02DD1E28A">1560</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="754E37B409D807E5E3D0D4F174B1F005" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="9F4CE90A4FE8161632810F3BC76D2DFC">19</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="90B2F4D04BF16D698892F52FDE04389C">30</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="CFDE25414EBFEF96A155CB5983024EE2">
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<mods:url id="ED3A0B3D4FE59CE9BCC3839B643D978B">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0CACC616-279B-4996-9DCB-0B6B2A39C159</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="BFCE432DFA4FBE73A91792C4F7EB7AB7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6555C6105115A522C48C7A05336FBEE2" type="Plazi-Custom">z01560p019</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="87103502DE0E9E0A19884D405B877544" type="ZooBank">0CACC616-279B-4996-9DCB-0B6B2A39C159</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="94D47905FB2858E1CAEE60FE751CE49D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6252775" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100117101" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6252775" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:94D47905FB2858E1CAEE60FE751CE49D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/94D47905FB2858E1CAEE60FE751CE49D" lastPageNumber="29" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="2B2810A2AD588E8E7039E79C99F4B40D" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8015FCB198C59E19AE3116D0B33CE9BB" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="F516ACA7D8E5561A9EB4566636AC4372" ID-CoL="VGNZ" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">Cirrhigaleus australis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A513669AC569B6D0E1DDF0C64DDB095" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="29A924DCC18DDFDBDDDC1DE31B16646F" pageNumber="20">Southern Mandarin Dogfish</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="261A47C756FDDB5C7DC46FF2F30C69A6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="343A820AF3B754EA9109D261159A23AF" pageNumber="20">Figs 1-4; Table 1</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C0F5D329BD7607E913F7649465676B65" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4B7A192CB122F3219757D90EE68533B0" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="676147CE42C89E51668D32318804E33B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F8342AD-5B2F-4F36-BF56-A31609368E61" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka 1912:151" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbifer">Cirrhigaleus barbifer</taxonomicName>
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: (not Tanaka) Last and Stevens, 1994, Sharks and rays of Australia, pp 48, 68, figs 8.11, pi. 6; Bass, 1979, Records of little-known sharks from Australian waters, pp 250, 251, fig. 3.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CBFC12092A052351AD6A67D1B474D044" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="25E442EC5FE707C9F2ADD2924E608B7D" pageNumber="20">
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<materialsCitation id="63A97CE2B26CA8387B9E85B1403DA4AD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903845" collectingDate="2002-05-18" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" latitude="-41.916668" location="east of Bicheno, 360-414 m depth" longitude="148.61667" specimenCode="H 5789 - 01" stateProvince="Tasmania" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus id="E6D3E9FCCA0C62D6BE39FAA2D0C0B992">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="6E2132A8D87B7E437F892BA2167A5BA5" collectionName="Australia, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation">CSIRO</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="1A4BF0C0EEAA10530672A98807AB923E">H 5789-01</specimenCode>
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, female 970 mm TL,
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<location id="A3C1F6FDBCBB4AE12DADA21F19B023EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:94D47905FB2858E1CAEE60FE751CE49D:A3C1F6FDBCBB4AE12DADA21F19B023EF" country="Australia" latitude="-41.916668" longitude="148.61667" name="east of Bicheno" stateProvince="Tasmania">east of Bicheno</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="D1AF2226489B055F356A2CBAFE4C7DC7">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4A007FB92CB69F83F185190D823EE0FE" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-41.916668">41°55'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B107F6C88FD753DDD6FF8BF888A836F0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" value="148.61667">148°37'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<location id="EA38C723D61E9E03A732BF01242B07D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:94D47905FB2858E1CAEE60FE751CE49D:EA38C723D61E9E03A732BF01242B07D3" country="Australia" latitude="-41.916668" longitude="148.61667" name="360 - 414 m" stateProvince="Tasmania">360-414 m</location>
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,
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<date id="50D17F3C0B050D44AE59DEF51FC31159" day="18" month="05" value="2002-05-18" year="2002">
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<collectingDate id="D16F04C8D383A5F873DBDC74D273FA30" day="18" month="05" value="2002-05-18" year="2002">18 May 2002</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9FBA42CE933E34807C3E7A28FDBBE703" pageNumber="20">
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<materialsCitation id="F0CFDF235F6007976871E53DF693E78F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903844" collectingDate="1976-07-06" collectionCode="AMS" country="Australia" latitude="-35.566666" location="off Brush Island, 493 m depth" longitude="150.75" specimenCode="I 19154 - 001" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="Paratype">
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<typeStatus id="12CE1E9A16268F9FA1A21E393445BB04">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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. 3 specimens.
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<collectionCode id="908A06FC679ABE76761297AC0EE023CF" collectionName="Australia, New South Wales, Sydney, Australian Museum">AMS</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="8695C5389577A119185D4D6CF3A04DCC">I 19154-001</specimenCode>
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, female 713 mm TL,
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<location id="0717B28D94B642D52E24D4082406486F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:94D47905FB2858E1CAEE60FE751CE49D:0717B28D94B642D52E24D4082406486F" country="Australia" latitude="-35.566666" longitude="150.75" name="off Brush Island" stateProvince="New South Wales">off Brush Island</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="0AE6064FE9CC196D3819F8A9C268CE35">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DBCF0FFAC84D3F7DD9D26E45C95AB23B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-35.566666">35°34'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7BBB53BC85BF0D371AD2731677958E36" direction="east" orientation="longitude" value="150.75">150°45'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<location id="2BCB63C4191587FC210EEB8E0DD9E52A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:94D47905FB2858E1CAEE60FE751CE49D:2BCB63C4191587FC210EEB8E0DD9E52A" country="Australia" latitude="-35.566666" longitude="150.75" name="493 m" stateProvince="New South Wales">493 m</location>
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,
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<date id="8BCEE3EC884BE03ACAFDAA6F58A16D69" day="06" month="07" value="1976-07-06" year="1976">
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<collectingDate id="197F32E74814653F1B13CCE951F0F564" day="06" month="07" value="1976-07-06" year="1976">6 July 1976</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="F5A5A3F8F200E32CB3844863F25E4398" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903846" collectingDate="1986-03" collectionCode="AMS" country="Australia" latitude="-33.0" location="northeast of Sydney, 640 m depth" longitude="152.0" specimenCode="I 27022 - 001" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="Paratype">
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<collectionCode id="D1C81827860E8B37F701BF8ECD13E6B2" collectionName="Australia, New South Wales, Sydney, Australian Museum">AMS</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="37F21A253C1369065EC9D6B769AAD9A1">I 27022-001</specimenCode>
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, female 1230 mm TL,
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<location id="102861049532A97991D241CA12FF4B1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:94D47905FB2858E1CAEE60FE751CE49D:102861049532A97991D241CA12FF4B1F" country="Australia" latitude="-33.0" longitude="152.0" name="northeast of Sydney" stateProvince="New South Wales">northeast of Sydney</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="05B6EFA49BEBB00DF9C2AD9CE1E2EF68">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CA9E61CD615BE76B232B3F98D0A749E1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-33.0">33°00'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8DB9B7BDEC590D24094687017E2C7F5C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" value="152.0">152°00'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<location id="B32C228434C797D7B8254B3B17AAEF22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:94D47905FB2858E1CAEE60FE751CE49D:B32C228434C797D7B8254B3B17AAEF22" country="Australia" latitude="-33.0" longitude="152.0" name="640 m" stateProvince="New South Wales">640 m</location>
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,
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<date id="DB489B27DDE720AFD76F789FFBD401E6" month="03" value="1986-03" year="1986">
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<collectingDate id="8A2FF55514859210E1473CF98083AD19" month="03" value="1986-03" year="1986">March 1986</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="4535036B96C1E135012C8E1DD996030A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923903842" collectingDate="2003-11-03" collectionCode="AMS" country="Australia" latitude="-37.5" location="southeast of Green Cape, 400 m depth" longitude="150.5" specimenCode="I 42891 - 001" stateProvince="New South Wales" typeStatus="Paratype">
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<collectionCode id="765CD9F33EF4D12C9224436943709E89" collectionName="Australia, New South Wales, Sydney, Australian Museum">AMS</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="B10D3F086A424BA1C863FDDF85F50072">I 42891-001</specimenCode>
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, female 1124 mm TL,
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<location id="3C34FB45895F66B4E83C124ECE97BF46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:94D47905FB2858E1CAEE60FE751CE49D:3C34FB45895F66B4E83C124ECE97BF46" country="Australia" latitude="-37.5" longitude="150.5" name="southeast of Green Cape" stateProvince="New South Wales">southeast of Green Cape</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="E371AED5215A8A6DAC39E8D78B2B6216">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CA9116B71BF78BD204CB8303FF937B18" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-37.5">37°30'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="72738AF6263FE958721AB18232091368" direction="east" orientation="longitude" value="150.5">150°30'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<location id="0AF7000932D8D683C419364ACCEF0EBA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:94D47905FB2858E1CAEE60FE751CE49D:0AF7000932D8D683C419364ACCEF0EBA" country="Australia" latitude="-37.5" longitude="150.5" name="400 m" stateProvince="New South Wales">400 m</location>
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,
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<date id="DA3EE5132E3A87C5D9CED54D0B7CA61E" day="03" month="11" value="2003-11-03" year="2003">
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<collectingDate id="073807E544F4E403667BFA1E4D597E2A" day="03" month="11" value="2003-11-03" year="2003">3 November 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="571485CE986597377218A35FF342E667" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="32A8E0AA997D3C22D4EC3AFE86D104CB" lastPageNumber="21" pageNumber="20">
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Diagnosis. A moderately large dogfish of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="CEA100EB0C1AEBEB9D74FA7C55AC7E16" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4E999817-EDE8-4A6C-851D-88EEB1DC6F0A" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhigaleus Tanaka 1912:151" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cirrhigaleus</taxonomicName>
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with the following combination of characters: body very robust, trunk depth 11.8-14.2% TL; eyes relatively small, length 1.37-1.49 in horizontal preorbital length; upper labial furrows relatively short, 7.09-8.15 times mouth width; first dorsal fin moderately large, slightly raked, posterior margin 9.1-10.9% TL; second dorsal similar in size to first dorsal fin, raked, height 1.70-1.91 times its length, posterior margin 8.0-8.9% TL; first dorsal spine long, its exposed length 4.6-5.7% TL, 5.48-6.43 times in pectoral -pelvic space, its apex located just below apex of fin; second dorsal spine long, its exposed length 4.6-6.0% TL, 4.95-6.08 times in pectoral -pelvic space, 3.08-4.24 times in prepectoral length, its apex located at about level of fin apex; pectoral fins moderately large, inner margin 7.0-8.0% TL; prepectoral length 1.47-1.89 times distance from pectoral-fin insertion to first dorsal-fin midbase; flank denticles with three primary cusps, lateral cusps often with cusplets; 50 monospondylous centra, 85 precaudal centra, 114-115 total centra; maximum size at least 123 cm TL.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="74358563B16A9B5199796388C5BB8837" type="description">
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<paragraph id="515F740025CA3957DB95EF6512BEA981" pageNumber="21">Description. Body fusiform, robust, nape strongly humped; deepest near first dorsal-fin base, maximum depth 1.03 (0.85-1.01) times width; trunk depth 0.88 (0.93-0.95) times abdomen depth; head relatively short, 19.5 (19.1-19.8)% TL. Tail moderately elongate, subcircular in cross-section anteriorly, tapering slightly to second dorsal fin; tapering more rapidly beyond second dorsal fin, becoming broadly semicircular posteriorly; dorsal groove weakly developed, broad, very shallow; ventral groove well developed, broad, shallow, with weak medial ridge visible anteriorly; lateral keels very well developed, originating slightly posterior to level of insertion of second dorsal fin, terminating about three quarters of an eye length behind dorsal caudal-fin origin; pelvic -caudal space 1.67 (1.57-1.62) in pectoral -pelvic space, 1.00 (0.98-1.12) in prepectoral length; dorsal -caudal space 2.90 (2.50-2.82) in interdorsal length; dorsal caudal pit very weak, ventral caudal pit absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="65DB09F5C4D2A907D29C0F1C4A72991A" pageNumber="21">Head depressed, more flattened dorsally than ventrally, broad, width 1.06 (1.09-1.14) times trunk width, 1.07 (1.01-1.20) times abdomen width; becoming subtriangular in cross-section towards pectoral-fin origin; length 2.86 (2.72-3.03) in pre-vent length; height 0.83 (0.68-0.73) times width. Snout flattened dorsally, narrowly rounded ventrally, apex bluntly pointed; lateral prenarial margin broadly rounded, not forming a ridge; bluntly pointed, strongly tapered in dorsal view, horizontal length 1.49 (1.37-1.44) times eye length, 0.65 (0.60-0.65) times interorbital space; horizontal prenarial length 2.03 (0.97-2.10) times in preoral length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA4F232EE6D4F3CD5DC8D981DCA75677" pageNumber="21">Eye oval, moderately large, length 5.49 (4.83-5.93) in head, 2.14 (2.29-3.29) times height; weakly notched posteriorly, notch deepest anteriorly, not connected to anteroventral margin of spiracle. Spiracle moderately large, almost semicircular, greatest diameter 2.54 (2.40-2.64) in eye length; fold on posterior margin rudimentary, broad-based. Gill openings almost upright; first four subequal in size, fifth longest, height of fifth slit 2.6 (2.23-2.52)% TL.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B6A8B629BCD0015E728A840CA45364F9" pageNumber="21">Mouth broad, upper jaw weakly concave, width 0.95 (0.99-1.06) in preoral length; postoral groove prominent, almost twice length of upper labial furrows, extending posterolaterally from angle of jaws. Teeth similar in upper and lower jaws; upper teeth unicuspid, interlocking, blade-like; cusps directed strongly laterally, low, base of tooth broader than length of cusp.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2CAB210F4FDB6239291C03858E8B5892" pageNumber="22">Nostrils large, suboval; anterior nasal flap length 5.2 (4.3-5.1)% TL, with greatly enlarged medial barbel; barbel extending past lower jaw (not quite reaching mouth in paratype AMS I 42891-001); posterior nasal flap large; internarial space 2.03 (1.88-2.06) in preoral length, 1.65 (1.70-2.06) times nostril length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EBC3453268F9F9BF44BF718444832084" pageNumber="22">Dermal denticles on flank small, strongly imbricate; mainly tricuspidate. Crowns broad, directed posterolaterally, more elevated posteriorly than anteriorly; with pronounced median ridge (~1.0 mm in length); median ridge most strongly elevated anteriorly, originating forward of rest of crown, extending full length of crown; weak mesial furrow developing anteriorly on median ridge and converging towards posterior tip of crown; lateral cusps short and variable, usually with single short, blunt lateral cusps or two very short blunt cusplets; crowns lacking elevated ridges laterally.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="32EFADD3666E94D78CAD13C87D6DBD36" pageNumber="22">First dorsal fin tall, slightly raked, bluntly pointed apically; base robust, fleshy; anterior margin weakly convex; posterior margin moderately concave, upper portion directed slightly posteroventrally from fin apex, point of deepest concavity near middle of margin; rear lobe of fin moderately deep basally, long; free rear tip sharply acute; inner margin of fin almost straight; insertion of fin base almost midway between pectoral-fin insertion and pelvic-fin origin; fin origin over pectoral-fin free rear tip; exposed spine base broad, 0.8 (0.9- 1.0)% TL, exposed anteriorly at about junction of spine and soft portion of fin; soft portion of fin connected at about a third of total spine length; spine tapering gradually distally (abraded apically in all types), anterior margin very weakly convex; exposed portion only slightly raked, subequal in length to exposed portion of second dorsal-fin spine; height of spine at apex much lower than soft portion of fin; pre-first dorsal length 3.34 (3.21-3.33) times in TL; first dorsal-fin length 1.70 (1.60-1.75) times its height, 1.05 (1.01-1.04) times second dorsal-fin length; first dorsal-fin height 1.07 (1.07-1.20) in second dorsal-fin height; exposed first dorsal spine length 0.61 (0.47-0.54) in height of fin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="95FD3F434381BA288AC8225DDD5D4E13" lastPageNumber="23" pageNumber="22">Second dorsal fin large, raked; base very fleshy, much more thickened than first dorsal-fin base; anterior margin slightly convex, apex bluntly pointed; posterior margin strongly concave, maximum concavity about a third distance from free rear tip, upper portion almost straight, sloping very slightly anteroventrally from apex; free rear tip moderately elongate, acutely pointed; inner margin weakly convex, length 0.62 (0.56-0.69) times fin height; second dorsal-fin length 1.74 (1.70-1.91) times its height; spine length 0.63 (0.55-0.74) in height of fin; fin origin posterior to pelvic-fin insertion; origin of exposed dorsal spine posterior to free rear tip of pelvic fin; spine exposed near level of junction with soft portion of fin; exposed spine base broad, 0.9 (0.9- 1.0)% TL, spine tip when undamaged extending to about level of insertion of fin; soft portion and spine apices subequal in height (slightly shorter in paratype AMS I 42891-001); interdorsal ridge absent; interdorsal space 0.85 (0.86-0.91) in pre-pectoral length, 1.36 (1.40-1.53) in pre-first dorsal length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AAE32B5757B340EF84EEA99D8619A48B" pageNumber="23">Pectoral fin moderate in size, weakly falcate; anterior margin moderately convex; apex broadly pointed; posterior margin strongly concave; free rear tip broadly rounded; inner margin moderately convex, length 8.0 (7.1-7.9)% TL; base short, 2.95 (2.66-2.98) in length of anterior margin. Pelvic fins large, subtriangular; anterior margin weakly convex; posterior margin straight anteriorly with a subterminal notch (less apparent in paratypes); apex broadly rounded; free rear tip acute.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1459282C926B7B5EC60F24FCBEDBC91C" pageNumber="23">Caudal fin relatively long, broad lobed; upper caudal margin almost straight, tip bluntly pointed (similar to second dorsal-fin apex); preventral margin moderately convex, tip narrowly rounded; lower postventral margin short, almost upright, straight; caudal fork moderately concave; upper postventral margin strongly convex ventrally, with moderate concavity towards apex (less apparent in paratype AMS I 27022-001); dorsal caudal margin 0.91 (0.91-1.07) in head length; length of lower caudal lobe 1.61 (1.47-1.64) in upper lobe length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9EA32644381301928BF0AFB158101F75" pageNumber="23">Vertebral centra 115, monospondylous 50, precaudal 85 and caudal 30. Teeth (based on paratype AMS I 19154-001) in upper jaw 13+14=27, lower jaw 12+12=24.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="639102F365AE6A272EA3E82CB00016AE" pageNumber="23">Coloration. When fresh (based on holotype): dorsal surface of body uniformly medium greyish; ventral surface (from head to vent) mostly pale, with a few scattered darker blotches; nasal barbels almost uniformly pale; light and dark tonal areas most strongly demarcated on head, interface between them extending from snout to pectoral-fin base, passing well under eye through mid-gill slits. Dorsal fins mostly pale grey, with light and dark areas; upper posterior margin distinctly whitish, preceded by blackish submarginal bar, pattern extending from fin apex to point of maximum concavity; dark marginal streak extending from near first dorsal-fin apex to about insertion of exposed fin spine; additional white flecks on anterior margin of first dorsal fin in holotype (not apparent in paratypes); fin spines pale, greyish brown, most pronounced on anterior margins. Caudal fin mostly greyish; posterior margin with narrow white border, demarcated internally for its entire length by a blackish subterminal bar. In preservative (based on holotype): similar in coloration, but blackish markings on dorsal and caudal fins less apparent. Pectoral and pelvic fins on dorsal surfaces similar to upper body, but with narrow white posterior margins; ventral coloration slightly darker on posterior half of fin than on base.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2AAEF424DFE07D4F56B2E3627D71928F" pageNumber="23">
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Size. Types consist of four females between 713 and 1230 mm TL. Two New Zealand specimens reported by Garrick & Paul (1971), which may be conspecific with
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<taxonomicName id="7AA8AA6EF264AF8B5701CCF3C53F7AEE" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">Cirrhigaleus australis</taxonomicName>
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, were females (922 and 1082 mm TL).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="10EA66806502F0F0FF6311189FE11E24" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="B46D7EDDCAEE1E067CE12D73B3EA538E" pageNumber="23">Distribution. Type specimens collected from the mid-continental slope off southeastern Australia between Sydney (ca. 33°S) and eastern Tasmania (ca. 42°S) in depths of 360-640 m. New Zealand specimens were collected from the Bay of Plenty, North Island, in depths of 360 and 440 m (Garrick & Paul, 1971).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="98B412F5B1A19F341CB585A38A798B2B" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="C60AE885742303C606FDD8BE229B3747" pageNumber="27">Etymology. Derived from the Latin australis in reference to the distribution of this species in the temperate Southern Hemisphere.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3BE5B055B7CDA587461F349068AB3D3F" pageNumber="27">Common name. We propose “Southern Mandarin Dogfish” in allusion to its well accepted genus group name and its southern distribution.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C28A2F47D779A1E6AFDF83B676995A55" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="A0DD08BAC22BB5BD852E1388C231A99A" pageNumber="27">Discussion</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AB67273E122CC8A3DDA6AEDF9E49B7EF" pageNumber="27">
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The Mandarin sharks,
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<taxonomicName id="619100A4619A34CF33C72AA6B3F3D310" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">Cirrhigaleus australis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="0E113256216B189CA6D48142589380C2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F8342AD-5B2F-4F36-BF56-A31609368E61" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka 1912:151" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbifer">C. barbifer</taxonomicName>
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, differ from their congener
|
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<taxonomicName id="1F8F331277E43E91C778D9D3E5F54B06" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asper">C. asper</taxonomicName>
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, in possessing anterior nasal flaps with greatly elongated, moustache-like barbels that reach to (or almost to) the mouth rather than nasal flaps with very broad and short barbels that fall well short of the mouth.
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<taxonomicName id="2E7916E8EB83690904141840794F4E6B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">Cirrhigaleus australis</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 1-4) can be distinguished from
|
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<taxonomicName id="650DA29DDF610E6B09C1D31FBE3C376F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F8342AD-5B2F-4F36-BF56-A31609368E61" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka 1912:151" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbifer">C. barbifer</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 5-8) in a number of morphometric characters: smaller eye (eye length 3.3-4.1 vs. 3.9-4.3% TL, 1.4-1.5 vs. 1.0-1.1 in horizontal preorbital length), longerbased and more falcate second dorsal fin (base length 9.8-10.0 vs. 7.7-9.1% TL; anterior margin 14.5-14.8 vs. 12.5-14.0% TL; height 7.5-8.7 vs. 8.8-9.6% TL, 1.7-1.9 vs. 1.4-1.6 in its total length), shorter dorsal spines (perpendicular height of first dorsal spine 7.6-8.0 vs. 8.3-10.4% TL; perpendicular height of second dorsal spine 7.5-8.5 vs. 9.5-10.6 TL; exposed second dorsal spine length 5.0-6.1 vs. 3.9-4.7 in pectoral -pelvic space), slightly shorter upper labial furrow (mouth width 7.1-9.1 vs. 6.0-6.7 times labial furrow length), and shorter prenasal snout (2.0-2.2 vs. 2.5-3.2 times horizontal prenasal length). Additional morphometric differences between
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<taxonomicName id="3E9A2B532604D2F5AF0ACC6EAAAB9BF2" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">C. australis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D2EFFF902FA64D193D594A1E50BDDDC4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F8342AD-5B2F-4F36-BF56-A31609368E61" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka 1912:151" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbifer">C. barbifer</taxonomicName>
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include: dorsal -caudal space 7.6-8.1 vs. 8.0-8.7% TL and pectoral posterior margin 12.3-13.0 vs. 10.6-11.8% TL. Vertebral counts for the two species were similar (precaudal centra 85-87 in
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<taxonomicName id="2305569598F1E1772E17EB732B9B0340" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">C. australis</taxonomicName>
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vs. 84-86 in
|
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<taxonomicName id="1BD603041F2DC35FB07ED83C8C4232FF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F8342AD-5B2F-4F36-BF56-A31609368E61" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka 1912:151" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbifer">C. barbifer</taxonomicName>
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; total centra 114-115 vs. 112-114).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="446B65E63EE666F08D2666DA0B3EBF9E" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="4C235EF801FFF1C63C3C961D245AF097" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F8342AD-5B2F-4F36-BF56-A31609368E61" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka 1912:151" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbifer">Cirrhigaleus barbifer</taxonomicName>
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|
(Fig. 5) appears to have a more prominently humped nape than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EE243754C24377404375F7F46149F52D" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">C. australis</taxonomicName>
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|
(Fig. 1) but this may be related to posture or preservation. They also differ in dorsal coloration with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DF08C36DE55F0D5630B5E9F4B83DAE73" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">C. australis</taxonomicName>
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having a uniformly medium greyish colour compared to the darker brownish coloration of
|
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<taxonomicName id="B9BC395AD7570704C66238AD03743D5E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F8342AD-5B2F-4F36-BF56-A31609368E61" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka 1912:151" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbifer">C. barbifer</taxonomicName>
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(see Fig. 5 and description by Herre, 1935).
|
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<taxonomicName id="208E787EC870E14D2E728ADDB6BB81EF" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">Cirrhigaleus australis</taxonomicName>
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differs from Indonesian specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="877BBF7AF389AFCD492E316937E0F870" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F8342AD-5B2F-4F36-BF56-A31609368E61" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka 1912:151" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbifer">C. barbifer</taxonomicName>
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in the structure of the CO1 gene (B. Ward, CSIRO, pers. comm.). The flank denticles of the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5CA00D7C71E715DF6CA439397F21A1CA" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">C. australis</taxonomicName>
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|
are much smaller than in the similarly-sized Indonesian
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83F1ABD9E181195C29CFDBDBE483E3E7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F8342AD-5B2F-4F36-BF56-A31609368E61" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka 1912:151" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbifer">C. barbifer</taxonomicName>
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(crowns ~1.0 vs. 1.3 mm in length; Figs 4 and 7).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B159D0762AD5BE9EC76AC053F288F2A" pageNumber="27">
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A single record from Vanuatu (Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979) of a 950 mm TL individual cannot be accurately identified, due to the lack of adequate photographs or illustrations, as either
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BA7FEDDAB25487DB8AB61AE1BB917605" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">C. australis</taxonomicName>
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or
|
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<taxonomicName id="A8B82627658DFDB0195033360DDB4390" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F8342AD-5B2F-4F36-BF56-A31609368E61" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka 1912:151" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbifer">C. barbifer</taxonomicName>
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. Thus, further specimens from this region are required to confirm the true species involved.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B4DF55B28BAF0F199999A75EE4E87E48" pageNumber="29">Ontogenetic differences in morphometrics were observed between the smallest paratype (713 mm TL, AMS I 19154-001) and the three larger types (970-1230 mm TL). These include: prebranchial length 17.3 vs. 15.7-16.4% TL; prepelvic length 51.8 vs. 54.1-54.6% TL; pectoral -pelvic space 28.1 vs. 29.6-31.3% TL; pelvic -caudal space 17.5 vs. 18.7-19.0% TL; interorbital space 9.4 vs. 7.6-8.1% TL; eye length 4.1 vs. 3.3- 3.8% TL and exposed second dorsal spine length 4.6 vs. 5.2-6.0% TL.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D587A6A3BDC549956288F14C385E3D4" pageNumber="29">
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An Indonesian specimen of
|
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<taxonomicName id="A7B43D09D2FCEABE033B7214A4798AE2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F8342AD-5B2F-4F36-BF56-A31609368E61" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Cirrhigaleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cirrhigaleus barbifer Tanaka 1912:151" order="Squaliformes" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbifer">C. barbifer</taxonomicName>
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(CSIRO H 5875-09) differed from the Japanese specimens in some characters: exposed first dorsal spine length 8.0 vs. 5.0% TL, and distance from midpoint of first dorsal fin to pectoral-fin insertion 8.6 vs. 11.9-12.3% TL. Additional material and research is needed to test the conspecificity of Indonesian and Japanese populations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |