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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3748525" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1586358796837" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burgin, Connor" docDate="2019" docId="885887A2FFE78A00F895EE1CFAD4D2BF" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinolophus inops K Andersen 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="20" lastPageNumber="320" masterDocId="7461FFDAFFCF8A29FFCCFFA1FF85D963" masterDocTitle="Rhinolophidae" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="319" updateTime="1658949228820" updateUser="felipe">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Rhinolophidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Burgin, Connor</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mittermeier, Russell A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>280</mods:start>
<mods:end>332</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3748525</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3808988" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163549951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3808988" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFE78A00F895EE1CFAD4D2BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/885887A2FFE78A00F895EE1CFAD4D2BF" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="320" pageId="40" pageNumber="319">
<subSubSection box="[1881,2889,4541,4602]" pageId="40" pageNumber="319" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph blockId="40.[1880,3434,4540,4652]" box="[1881,2889,4541,4602]" pageId="40" pageNumber="319">
<figureCitation box="[1881,1951,4541,4602]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="38.[159,201,4464,4491]" captionTargetBox="[116,3439,160,4676]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="On following pages: 78. New Guinea Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryotis); 79. Sulawesi Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus tatah; 80. Poso Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus belligerator); 81. Bornean Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus proconsulis); 82. Arcuate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus arcuatus); 83. Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus inops); 84. Small Rufous Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subrufus); 85. Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rufus); 86. Intermediate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus affinis); 87. Homfray's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus andamanensis); 88. Croslet Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus coelophyllus); 89. Shamel's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shameli); 90. Vietnamese Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus microglobosus); 91. Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus stheno)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3748533/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="319">83</figureCitation>
. Philippine Forest Horseshoe
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2793,2889,4541,4602]" pageId="40" pageNumber="319">Bat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="319" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="40.[1880,3434,4540,4652]" box="[2954,3427,4541,4602]" pageId="40" pageNumber="319">
<taxonomicName authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[2954,3427,4541,4602]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inops">
<emphasis box="[2954,3427,4541,4602]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="319">Rhinolophus inops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="40.[1880,3434,4540,4652]" box="[1880,3312,4617,4644]" pageId="40" pageNumber="319">
French:
<emphasis box="[1994,2346,4617,4644]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="319">Rhinolophe de Mindanao</emphasis>
/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2357,2475,4617,4644]" pageId="40" pageNumber="319">German</emphasis>
: Philippinen-Hufeisennase/
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2859,2979,4617,4644]" pageId="40" pageNumber="319">Spanish</emphasis>
: Herradura de Mindanao
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="320" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="41.[1025,1823,353,923]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
Taxonomy.
<taxonomicName authority="K Andersen, 1905" authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inops">
<emphasis box="[1250,1568,353,392]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Rhinolophus inops</emphasis>
K Andersen, 1905
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="320" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="41.[1025,1823,353,923]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597533963" country="Philippines" elevation="0" location="Mt. Apo, at Jodaya, Mindanao" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFE78A00F895EE1CFAD4D2BF:052E606FFFE68A00FB5BFE37F896D8DE" box="[1175,1811,406,445]" country="Philippines" name="Mt. Apo, at Jodaya, Mindanao" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Mt. Apo, at Jodaya, Mindanao</location>
,
<quantity box="[1027,1201,460,499]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000 feet</quantity>
[=
<elevation box="[1267,1427,460,499]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
<quantity box="[1267,1414,460,499]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.219" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" unit="m" value="1219.0">1219 m</quantity>
]
</elevation>
,”
<collectingCountry box="[1463,1681,460,499]" name="Philippines" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Philippines</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="320" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="41.[1025,1823,353,923]" lastBlockId="41.[200,1824,938,3036]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
<taxonomicName authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1028,1346,513,552]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inops">
<emphasis box="[1028,1346,513,552]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Rhinolophus inops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is included in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1835" box="[1693,1823,513,552]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euryotis">
<emphasis box="[1693,1823,513,552]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">euryotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. Along with
<emphasis box="[1558,1774,566,605]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1558,1768,566,605]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subrufus">R. subrufus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
it may be closely related to the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[1614,1823,619,658]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis box="[1614,1823,619,658]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">R. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex, based on genetic data (the specimens used in
<emphasis box="[1536,1657,725,764]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">recent</emphasis>
genetic
<emphasis box="[1027,1178,778,817]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">analyses</emphasis>
were not differentiated from
<emphasis box="[1027,1629,831,870]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1027,1251,831,870]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subrufus">R. subrufus</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[1296,1629,831,870]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inops">Rhinolophus inops</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is rather variable throughout its distribution and may represent a species complex; further studies are needed. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="320" type="distribution">
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3750076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3750076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3750076/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" targetBox="[200,995,358,914]" targetPageId="41">
<paragraph blockId="41.[200,1824,938,3036]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
Distribution.
<collectingCountry box="[465,679,990,1029]" name="Philippines" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(Luzon, Polillo, Mindoro,
<collectingRegion box="[1242,1492,990,1029]" country="Philippines" name="Catanduanes" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Catanduanes</collectingRegion>
, Samar, Negros,
<collectingRegion box="[202,304,1044,1083]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Cebu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[324,430,1044,1083]" country="Philippines" name="Southern Leyte" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Leyte</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[450,581,1044,1083]" country="Philippines" name="Biliran" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Biliran</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion box="[603,792,1044,1083]" country="Philippines" name="Camiguin" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Camiguin</collectingRegion>
, and Mindanao Is).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="320" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="41.[200,1824,938,3036]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
Descriptive
<emphasis bold="true" box="[428,540,1095,1134]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">notes.</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[557,810,1095,1134]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Head—body c</emphasis>
.
<quantity box="[816,1025,1095,1134]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="55.0">55—70 mm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity box="[1123,1325,1095,1134]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="17.0">17-27 mm</quantity>
, ear 21-3-28-
<quantity box="[1582,1699,1095,1134]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot 11—18-
<quantity box="[418,534,1148,1187]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
, forearm
<quantity box="[727,932,1148,1187]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="53.0" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="49.0">49-57 mm</quantity>
; weight 10-19-
<quantity box="[1220,1284,1148,1187]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" unit="g" value="6.0">6 g</quantity>
. Dorsal pelage is deep dark brown or slightly reddish brown, and ventral pelage is usually a litde paler. Ears are medium-sized to large. Noseleaf has moderately high lancet with straight sides;
<emphasis box="[1659,1821,1255,1294]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">connecting</emphasis>
process is strongly arcuate with nearly semicircular outline, and is covered in sparse stiff hairs; sella is approximately ovate in oudine or nearly parallel-sided (the
<typeStatus box="[1655,1820,1361,1400]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">holotype</typeStatus>
has peculiar and highly modified sella that is shaped into small triangular pouch with downward-turned opening); horseshoe is
<emphasis box="[1015,1103,1467,1506]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">wide</emphasis>
(
<emphasis box="[1140,1162,1467,1506]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">c</emphasis>
.
<quantity box="[1168,1316,1467,1506]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
), completely covering the muzzle, and has a deep median emargination. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is
<emphasis box="[345,516,1573,1612]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">relatively</emphasis>
strong (zygomatic breadth is greater than mastoid breadth); anterior median and lateral swellings are well developed; posterior swellings are less developed; sagittal crest is strong to very strong; frontal depression is conspicuous and moderately or very deep (especially proximally); supraorbital crests are well developed, strong, and thick. C1 is moderately developed; P2 is medium-sized and within tooth row; P3 is small to
<emphasis box="[362,470,1838,1877]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">rarely</emphasis>
medium-sized, and is external to tooth row; P2 and P4 are usually touching. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 58 and FN = 60 (
<collectingRegion box="[1308,1420,1892,1931]" country="Philippines" name="Southern Leyte" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Leyte</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="320" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="41.[200,1824,938,3036]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
Habitat. Primary and secondary lowland and montane forest, including mossy forests, at elevations from sea level up to
<quantity box="[862,1008,1998,2037]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" unit="m" value="2250.0">2250 m</quantity>
. Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bats appear to be less abundant at higher elevations and are usually absent from agricultural and heavily disturbed areas, although they have
<emphasis box="[1039,1267,2103,2142]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">occasionally</emphasis>
been found in disturbed forest and orchards.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[200,1824,938,3036]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[205,387,2210,2249]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Food and</emphasis>
Feeding. The Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat feeds on a variety of insects, particularly favoring
<taxonomicName box="[599,835,2263,2302]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[930,1076,2263,2302]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[200,1824,938,3036]" box="[206,1085,2316,2355]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Breeding. Females give birth to a single young.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[200,1824,938,3036]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[204,524,2368,2407]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bats appear to roost in caves and perhaps hollow trees. Call shape is FM/CF/FM with a mean peak frequency of 55-1 kHz.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="41.[200,1824,938,3036]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[206,905,2474,2513]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Movements, Home range and Social</emphasis>
organization. Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bats form large colonies,
<emphasis box="[606,834,2527,2566]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">occasionally</emphasis>
with Arcuate Horseshoe Bats (
<emphasis box="[1435,1652,2527,2566]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[1435,1640,2527,2566]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcuatus">R. arcuatus</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
and Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bats (.
<emphasis box="[771,881,2581,2620]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[771,862,2581,2620]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="320" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virgo">virgo</taxonomicName>
).
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="320" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="41.[200,1824,938,3036]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[207,681,2633,2672]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on
<emphasis box="[1296,1633,2633,2672]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">The IUCN Red List.</emphasis>
The Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat is widespread and common. The species has
<emphasis box="[1656,1824,2686,2725]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">probably</emphasis>
undergone declines due to habitat destruction,
<emphasis box="[1111,1176,2739,2778]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">but</emphasis>
its overall population still appears to be large.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="41" pageNumber="320" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="41.[200,1824,938,3036]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[208,413,2851,2878]" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Csorba et
<emphasis box="[586,616,2851,2878]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">al.</emphasis>
(2003),
<emphasis box="[747,859,2851,2878]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Heaney</emphasis>
(1991),
<emphasis box="[983,1093,2851,2878]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Heaney</emphasis>
, Balete, Dolar et al. (1998),
<emphasis box="[1518,1629,2851,2878]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Heaney</emphasis>
, Balete, Gee et al. (2005),
<emphasis box="[406,517,2904,2931]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Heaney</emphasis>
, Balete &amp; Rickart (2016),
<emphasis box="[895,965,2904,2931]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Ingle</emphasis>
&amp; Heaney (1992), Ong,
<emphasis box="[1331,1525,2904,2931]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Rosell-Ambal</emphasis>
, Tabaranza, Heaney, Sedlock
<emphasis box="[335,365,2956,2983]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">et</emphasis>
al. (2008), Patrick et al. (2013), Philip (2008), Rickart,
<emphasis box="[1160,1270,2956,2983]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Heaney</emphasis>
et al. (1993), Rickart, Mercier (1999),
<emphasis box="[208,322,3009,3036]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Sedlock</emphasis>
(2001), Sedlock, Krüger &amp;
<collectingRegion box="[715,790,3009,3036]" country="Ireland" name="Clare" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">Clare</collectingRegion>
(2014), Sedlock, Weyandt
<emphasis box="[1181,1212,3009,3036]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="320">et</emphasis>
al. (2008).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>