289 lines
22 KiB
XML
289 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3748525" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1586358796837" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burgin, Connor" docDate="2019" docId="885887A2FFC78A21FF51FBD4FCA4C923" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinolophus alticolus Sanborn 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="23" lastPageNumber="287" masterDocId="7461FFDAFFCF8A29FFCCFFA1FF85D963" masterDocTitle="Rhinolophidae" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="287" updateTime="1658949228820" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rhinolophidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Burgin, Connor</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mittermeier, Russell A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>280</mods:start>
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<mods:end>332</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3748525</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3808855" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163550015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3808855" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFC78A21FF51FBD4FCA4C923" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/885887A2FFC78A21FF51FBD4FCA4C923" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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<subSubSection box="[157,989,1141,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[157,1603,1141,1202]" box="[157,989,1141,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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<figureCitation box="[157,224,1141,1202]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="2.[178,220,4371,4398]" captionTargetBox="[101,3527,129,4721]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="On following pages: 4. Lander's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus landeri); 5. Guinean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus guineensis); 6. Blasius's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus blasii); 7. Peters's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lobatus); 8. Swinny's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus swinnyi); 9. Cape Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus capensis); 10. Gorongosa Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus gorongosae); 11. Roberts's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rhodesiae); 12. Bushveld Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus simulato/); 13. Dent's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus denti); 14. Cameroon Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus alticolus); 15. Mehely's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mehelyi); 16. Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryale); 17. Hildebrandt's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii); 18. Mount Mabu Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mabuensis); 19. Cohen's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cohenae); 20. Smithers's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus smithersi); 21. Mozambican Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mossambicus); 22. Rüppell's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus fumigatus); 23. Eloquent Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus Bloquons)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3748527/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">14</figureCitation>
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.
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<collectingCountry box="[255,556,1141,1202]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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Horseshoe
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[894,989,1141,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Bat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1054,1603,1141,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[157,1603,1141,1202]" box="[1054,1603,1141,1202]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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<taxonomicName authority="Sanborn, 1936" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="1936" box="[1054,1603,1141,1202]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alticolus">
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<emphasis box="[1054,1603,1141,1202]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Rhinolophus alticolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[152,1557,1215,1242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[152,1557,1215,1242]" box="[152,1557,1215,1242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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French: Rhinolophe du
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<emphasis box="[473,614,1215,1242]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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<collectingCountry box="[473,614,1215,1242]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroun</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[640,763,1215,1242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">German:</emphasis>
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Kamerun-Hufeisennase /
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1116,1240,1215,1242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Spanish:</emphasis>
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Herradura
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<emphasis box="[1393,1426,1215,1242]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">de</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[1436,1557,1215,1242]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Camerûn</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="287" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[977,1778,1314,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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Taxonomy.
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<taxonomicName authority="Sanborn, 1936" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="1936" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="alcyone" subSpecies="alticolus">
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<emphasis box="[1197,1689,1314,1353]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Rhinolophus alcyone alticolus</emphasis>
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Sanborn, 1936
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="287" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[977,1778,1314,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864669302" elevation="1768" location="cave" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
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“
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFC78A21FF51FBD4FCA4C923:052E606FFFC78A21FB04FAF4FA92DC1F" box="[1224,1303,1365,1404]" name="cave" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">cave</location>
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at
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<quantity box="[1364,1549,1365,1404]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76784" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" unit="ft" value="5800.0">
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<elevation box="[1364,1549,1365,1404]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76784" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" unit="ft" value="5800.0">5,800 feet</elevation>
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</quantity>
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[=
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<elevation box="[1619,1769,1365,1404]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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<quantity box="[1619,1758,1365,1404]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.768" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="1768.0">1768 m</quantity>
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]
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</elevation>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFC78A21FF51FBD4FCA4C923:052E606FFFC78A21FC1FFA2DFA03DCD0" box="[979,1414,1420,1459]" name="on Mount Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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on
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<emphasis box="[1057,1185,1420,1459]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Mount</emphasis>
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Cameroon
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</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFC78A21FF51FBD4FCA4C923:052E606FFFC78A21FA60FA2DFBADDC8A" name="Cameroon Mandate" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroon Mandate</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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.”
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="287" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[977,1778,1314,1883]" lastBlockId="8.[153,1781,1900,4160]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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<taxonomicName box="[979,1367,1526,1565]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alticolus">
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<emphasis box="[979,1367,1526,1565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Rhinolophus alticolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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generally has been included as a subspecies of
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<emphasis box="[1544,1772,1579,1619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1904" box="[1544,1766,1579,1619]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulator">R simulator</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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but it is considered a separate species here due to its morphological distinction and distributional discontinuity.
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alticolus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Rhinolophus alticolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1823" box="[1300,1439,1791,1830]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis box="[1300,1439,1791,1830]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">capensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group, although its genetic material is not available and additional research is needed. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[153,1414,1952,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" type="distribution">
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749938" box="[153,1414,1952,1991]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749938/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" targetBox="[149,948,1317,1876]" targetPageId="8">
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||
<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1781,1900,4160]" box="[153,1414,1952,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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||
Distribution. N
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<collectingCountry box="[452,591,1952,1991]" name="Liberia" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Liberia</collectingCountry>
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, SE
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<collectingCountry box="[673,815,1952,1991]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[874,1018,1952,1991]" name="Nigeria" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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, and W
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<collectingCountry box="[1202,1408,1952,1991]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="287" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1781,1900,4160]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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Descriptive
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[385,497,2001,2040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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||
<quantity box="[748,954,2001,2040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="55.5" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="55.0">55-56 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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||
<quantity box="[1052,1257,2001,2040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="24.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="22.0">22-26 mm</quantity>
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||
, ear
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||
<quantity box="[1357,1495,2001,2040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
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||
, hindfoot c.
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||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7- 10 mm</quantity>
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||
, forearm
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||
<quantity box="[496,637,2057,2096]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="49.0">49 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight 12-
|
||
<quantity box="[866,931,2057,2096]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" unit="g" value="5.0">5 g</quantity>
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||
. Dorsal pelage ranges from dark brown to grayish brown (hairs are paler at bases); venter is distinctly paler. No orange morph is known. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are short (c.42-8% of forearm length). Noseleaf has triangular lancet, with straight or
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<emphasis box="[890,1120,2216,2255]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">only slighdy</emphasis>
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||
concave sides (distincdy different than the Bushveld Horseshoe
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[723,788,2269,2308]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Bat</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis box="[807,1032,2269,2308]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1904" box="[807,1020,2269,2308]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulator">R simulator</taxonomicName>
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||
)
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</emphasis>
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||
; connecting process is rounded; sella is naked, with sides nearly parallel or slighdy concave (wider than in the Bushveld Horseshoe Bat); narial lobes at base of sella are comparatively well developed; and horseshoe is moderate in width (wider than in the Bushveld Horseshoe Bat), with very indistinct lateral leaflets and deeply notched anterior emargination. Lower lip has three grooves, although lateral grooves are indistinct in some specimens.
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<emphasis box="[1292,1410,2535,2574]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Wings</emphasis>
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are dark brown or dark grayish brown, and uropatagium is nearly black. Skull is
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||
<emphasis box="[1385,1565,2587,2626]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">delicately</emphasis>
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||
built, with thin zygomatic arches and zygomatic width less than or equal to mastoid width; nasal swellings are
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||
<emphasis box="[410,579,2693,2732]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">relatively</emphasis>
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||
high and rounded; frontal depression is moderately deep; and sagittal crest is very
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||
<emphasis box="[524,837,2745,2784]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">underdeveloped</emphasis>
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and very low. Palatal bridge is 38% of upper tooth row length; P2 is small to medium-sized and in tooth row, separating C1 and P4;
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||
<emphasis box="[1736,1774,2799,2838]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Q</emphasis>
|
||
is smaller than C1; and P3 is tiny and completely displaced labially, allowing contact between P2 and P4.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="287" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1781,1900,4160]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[157,310,2960,2999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Habitat.</emphasis>
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||
Lowland and montane rainforests and forest savanna mosaics.
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<collectingCountry box="[1576,1777,2960,2999]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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Horseshoe Bats occur in lowland rainforests at elevations of
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||
<emphasis box="[1285,1306,3012,3051]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">c</emphasis>
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||
.
|
||
<quantity box="[1312,1431,3012,3051]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</quantity>
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||
in
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||
<collectingCountry box="[1491,1697,3012,3051]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
; forest savanna mosaic at
|
||
<quantity box="[577,716,3065,3104]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</quantity>
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||
on Jos
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||
<collectingRegion box="[860,1003,3065,3104]" country="Nigeria" name="Plateau" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Plateau</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry box="[1023,1166,3065,3104]" name="Nigeria" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
; and montane forests at
|
||
<quantity box="[1641,1777,3065,3104]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
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||
and above on Mount Nimba (
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||
<collectingCountry box="[726,868,3119,3158]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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||
and
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||
<collectingCountry box="[961,1173,3119,3158]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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||
border).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1781,1900,4160]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,524,3171,3210]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry box="[543,744,3171,3210]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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Horseshoe Bats forage by slow hawking and possibly gleaning. They are known to enter lit rooms at night.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1781,1900,4160]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[159,343,3277,3316]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Breeding.</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry box="[371,573,3277,3316]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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Horseshoe Bats are apparently seasonally monoestrous, although this requires additional research.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1781,1900,4160]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[157,483,3384,3423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[501,702,3384,3423]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
Horseshoe Bats are nocturnal and active in their roost during the day while other horseshoe bat species are
|
||
<emphasis box="[1189,1320,3436,3475]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">usually</emphasis>
|
||
torpid. They have been recorded roosting in caves and abandoned mines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1781,1900,4160]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,1135,3542,3581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1156,1357,3542,3581]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
Horseshoe Bats have been recorded singly or in groups. Small groups of four or 25-50 individuals have been recorded roosting together, although some caves are reported with 250 or more individuals.
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[399,600,3701,3740]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
Horseshoe Bats have been recorded roosting with Halcyon Horseshoe Bats (
|
||
<emphasis box="[482,688,3756,3795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
|
||
AE
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1852" box="[541,670,3756,3795]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcyone">alcyone</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="287" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1781,1900,4160]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[162,643,3808,3847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[659,732,3808,3847]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
assessed on
|
||
<emphasis box="[984,1046,3808,3847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">The</emphasis>
|
||
IUCN ed
|
||
<emphasis box="[1255,1329,3808,3847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">List.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1438,1640,3808,3847]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
Horseshoe
|
||
<emphasis box="[265,329,3860,3899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Bat</emphasis>
|
||
was previously included in
|
||
<emphasis box="[856,1077,3860,3899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="K Andersen" authorityYear="1904" box="[856,1071,3860,3899]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simulator">R simulator</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which is classified as Least Concern. It is considered rare and known from
|
||
<emphasis box="[894,976,3913,3952]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">only</emphasis>
|
||
a few scattered locations in
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1515,1606,3913,3952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">West</emphasis>
|
||
Africa;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1755,1781,3913,3952]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">it</emphasis>
|
||
apparently occurs in large numbers in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[897,1102,3968,4007]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="287" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[153,1781,1900,4160]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,371,4025,4052]" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
ACR (2018),
|
||
<emphasis box="[563,676,4025,4052]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Brosset</emphasis>
|
||
(1985),
|
||
<emphasis box="[793,905,4025,4052]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">Cotterill</emphasis>
|
||
& Happold (2013d), Csorba
|
||
<emphasis box="[1315,1346,4025,4052]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">et</emphasis>
|
||
al. (2003), Denys
|
||
<emphasis box="[1607,1638,4025,4052]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="287">et</emphasis>
|
||
al. (2013), Hutterer et al. (1992), Monadjem & Fahr (2007), Monadjem, Richards & Denys (2016), Monadjem, Taylor, Jacobs & Cotterill (2017c), Rosevear (1965).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |