1475 lines
114 KiB
XML
1475 lines
114 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.62661" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39fded52-ff10-4f83-b72f-a872983e1f50" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183732508" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-5-151" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6C080CE25D155E638A30013AE5158E51" ID-ZooBank="62F729927781495B8899E72AE637ABD0" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F2204639-4B59-4071-A033-5BE637144BEE" ModsDocID="2535-0730-5-151" checkinTime="1627091666875" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Carrion-Olmedo, Julio C. & Ron, Santiago R." docDate="2021" docId="77498C97373659109C0C81229C58BD55" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 5(2): 151-175" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 5" docPubDate="2021-07-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.62661" docTitle="Pristimantis petersioides Carrión-Olmedo & Ron 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="F2204639-4B59-4071-A033-5BE637144BEE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="6C080CE25D155E638A30013AE5158E51" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="6C080CE25D155E638A30013AE5158E51" masterDocTitle="A new cryptic species of the Pristimantis lacrimosus group (Anura, Strabomantidae) from the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="151" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1634713290511" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A new cryptic species of the Pristimantis lacrimosus group (Anura, Strabomantidae) from the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Carrion-Olmedo, Julio C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Museo de Zoologia, Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca, Aptdo. 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6300-9350</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Museo de Zoologia, Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca, Aptdo. 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">santiago.r.ron@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2021-07-23</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>151</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>175</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.62661</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.5.62661</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-5-151</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">62F729927781495B8899E72AE637ABD0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6C080CE25D155E638A30013AE5158E51</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="results">
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183732508" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F2204639-4B59-4071-A033-5BE637144BEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77498C97373659109C0C81229C58BD55" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F2204639-4B59-4071-A033-5BE637144BEE" authority="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron, 2021" authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides" status="sp. nov.">Pristimantis petersioides</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="151">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron, 2021" authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eleutherodactylus petersi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi" status="sp. nov.">Eleutherodactylus petersi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lynch & Duellman 1980 (in part)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron, 2021" authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi" status="sp. nov.">Pristimantis petersi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Batallas & Brito 2016
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron, 2021" authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi" status="sp. nov.">Pristimantis petersi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1299529" author="Brito, JM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="125 - 156" refId="B10" refString="Brito, JM, Batallas, D, Yanez-Munoz, MH, 2017. Ranas terrestres Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae) de los bosques montanos del rio Upano, Ecuador: Lista anotada, patrones de diversidad y descripcion de cuatro especies nuevas . Neotropical Biodiversity 3: 125 - 156, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1299529" title="Ranas terrestres Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae) de los bosques montanos del rio Upano, Ecuador: Lista anotada, patrones de diversidad y descripcion de cuatro especies nuevas." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1299529" volume="3" year="2017">Brito et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. QCAZ 58939, adult female, SVL = 22.02 mm. Sangay National Park, Sardinayacu, Ecuador. A lateral view of live individual, B dorsal view of live individual, C dorsal view of preserved individual, D ventral view of preserved individual. Photographs A, B by Juan Carlos Sanchez, C, D by Julio C. Carrion-Olmedo" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569828" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Hand and foot of the holotype of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. QCAZ 58939, adult female. Ventral views of right foot A and right hand B. Abbreviations: B = basal, D = distal, HD = hyperdistal. Photographs by Julio C. Carrion-Olmedo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569829" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) QCAZ58939, adult female from Ecuador, Morona Santiago Province, Sangay National Park, Sardinayacu (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.0983" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.0983">2.0983°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.1555" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.1555">78.1555°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 1406 m. Found in amplexus with QCAZ58940. collected by Daniel Rivadeneira and Santiago R. Ron on 21 January 2015.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569828" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 3" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. QCAZ58939, adult female, SVL = 22.02 mm. Sangay National Park, Sardinayacu, Ecuador.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of live individual,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of live individual,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of preserved individual,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of preserved individual. Photographs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
by Juan Carlos
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
by Julio C.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carrión-Olmedo">Carrion-Olmedo</normalizedToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569829" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 4" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Hand and foot of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. QCAZ58939, adult female. Ventral views of right foot
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
and right hand
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Abbreviations: B = basal, D = distal, HD = hyperdistal. Photographs by Julio C.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carrión-Olmedo">Carrion-Olmedo</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="paratypes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Paratypes</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">(54: 39 adult males, 15 adult females).</emphasis>
|
||
All individuals are adults unless otherwise noticed. All from Ecuador.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Morona Santiago Province</emphasis>
|
||
: Sangay National Park: QCAZ58871, female, QCAZ58944, male from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.1008" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.1008">2.1008°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.1559" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.1559">78.1559°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1345 m), collected by Daniel Rivadeneira, David
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Velalcázar">Velalcazar</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Javier Pinto, Francy Mora, Darwin
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Juan Sanchez, and Andrea Correa; QCAZ58936, 58939, QCAZ58941, females, QCAZ58940, 58942-43, males from Refuge 1 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.0988" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.0988">2.0988°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.1561" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.1561">78.1561°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1406 m), QCAZ58937-38, males from Chimerella lagoon (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.0885" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.0885">2.0885°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.2069" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.2069">78.2069°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1650 m) collected by Daniel Rivadeneira, Francy Mora, Juan
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Andrea Correa; QCAZ58881, 58950, females, QCAZ58949 male from the proximities of Cormorant lagoon (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.0738" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.0738">2.0738°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.2195" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.2195">78.2195°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1835 m) collected by Javier Pinto, David
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Velalcázar">Velalcazar</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Darwin
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, QCAZ58880, 58951, males from El Enmascarado lagoon (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.0600" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.06">2.0600°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.2207" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.2207">78.2207°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1796 m) collected by Javier Pinto, David
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Velalcázar">Velalcazar</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Darwin
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
. in January 2015. QCAZ59166, female, QCAZ59167, 58945-48, males from Refuge 3 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.0757" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.0757">2.0757°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.2157" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.2157">78.2157°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1724 m), collected by Santiago Ron, Diego Paucar, Pablo Venegas, Pamela
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Baldeón">Baldeon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Marcel Caminer and Kunam Nucirquia; QCAZ59169-71, males from Cormorant lagoon (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.0738" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.0738">2.0738°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.2195" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.2195">78.2195°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1835 m), collected by Santiago Ron, Diego Paucar, Pablo Venegas, Pamela
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Baldeón">Baldeon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Marcel Caminer and Kunam Nucirquia, in February 2015.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pastaza Province</emphasis>
|
||
: QCAZ53227, female, from Anzu river (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.4177" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.4177">1.4177°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.0485" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0485">78.0485°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1272 m a.s.l), collected by Mauricio Ortega in May 2012. Llanganates National Park: QCAZ45846-50, 45892, 45898, males, from Challuwa Yacu river, Ankaku Reserve (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.2792" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.2792">1.2792°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.0779" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0779">78.0779°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2300 m) collected by Elicio Tapia and Silvia
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aldás">Aldas</normalizedToken>
|
||
in October 2009; QCAZ66553, male, from Ankaku Reserve (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.2770" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.277">1.2770°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.0698" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0698">78.0698°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2216 m) collected by Diego Almeida, Santiago
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guamán">Guaman</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Darwin
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
|
||
Navarrete,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Verónica">Veronica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Andrade, Angel Alvarado, Fernando Alvarado in January 2017, QCAZ59625, male, from Nuchimingue river (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.3626" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.3626">1.3626°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.0582" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0582">78.0582°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1350 m); QCAZ59456, male, from Yurugyacu river (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.3560" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.356">1.3560°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.0592" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0592">78.0592°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1354 m); QCAZ59451, 59467-68, 59479, males, from Zarentza community (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.3556" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.3556">1.3556°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.0597" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0597">78.0597°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1363 m); QCAZ59458-59, females from near Yurugyacu river (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.3527" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.3527">1.3527°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.0596" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0596">78.0596°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1354 m); QCAZ59457, 59465 females, QCAZ59454-55, 59462-63, 59466, males from the ravines of Yurugyacu river (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.3523" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.3523">1.3523°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.0597" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0597">78.0597°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1419 m); QCAZ59470, 59472, females, QCAZ59471, 59473, males from Gustavo Ushpa house trail to Yurugyacu river (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.3430" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.343">1.3430°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.0574" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0574">78.0574°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1221 m); QCAZ59461, female, from La paila waterfall (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.3397" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.3397">1.3397°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.0594" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0594">78.0594°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1360 m) collected by Daniel Rivadeneira, Francy Mora, Juan Carlos
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, David
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Velalcázar">Velalcazar</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Darwin
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Javier Pinto in February 2015.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="referred specimens">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Referred specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Napo Province</emphasis>
|
||
: QCAZ46159, male, from Salcedo-Tena highway, km 60 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0.9847" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-0.9847">0.9847°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.1928" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.1928">78.1928°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2253 m), collected by Elicio Tapia and Fernando
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
in November 2009.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pastaza Province</emphasis>
|
||
: QCAZ59452-53, 59460, 59464, juveniles from the ravines of Yurugyacu river (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.3523" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.3523">1.3523°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.0597" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0597">78.0597°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1419 m) collected by Daniel Rivadeneira, Francy Mora, Juan Carlos
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, David
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Velalcázar">Velalcazar</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Darwin
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nuñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Javier Pinto in February 2015.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="suggested common name">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Suggested common name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
English:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sardinayacu’s">Sardinayacu's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Rain Frog. Spanish:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cutín">Cutin</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Sardinayacu
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
The assignment of the new species to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on the phylogeny (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of the Pristimantis lacrimosus group inferred from a partitioned analysis of 4026 aligned sites of DNA sequences of the mitochondrial genes 12 S, 16 S, and ND- 1 and the nuclear gene RAG- 1. Bold characters highlight individuals included for the first time in a phylogeny, red taxa highlight previously misidentified species. Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. is highlighted in blue. SH-aLRT support (above branch) and ultrafast bootstrap support (below) are shown as percentages; asterisks denote 100 % for both measures. Outgroups are not shown. Number for voucher museum specimens are shown to the left of the species name; locality is shown to the right and country abbreviation at the end, as follows: ECU Ecuador, PER Peru, COL Colombia, VEN Venezuela, GUY Guyana, PAN Panama." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569824" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) Skin on dorsum smooth to shagreen with or without scattered small tubercles, head with or without one interorbital small tubercle, skin of venter shagreened to weakly areolate; discoidal fold present, ill-defined; dorsolateral folds absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus present, round, its length 2/5 to 1/2 of eye diameter; its upper border weakly concealed by inconspicuous supratympanic fold; (3) snout rounded to truncate in dorsal view, truncate in lateral view, bearing a small rostral papilla; (4) interorbital space flat, broader than upper eyelid; upper eyelid with one distinct subconical tubercle surrounded by lower, indistinct rounded tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) vomerine odontophores low to prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) males with prominent, subgular vocal sac and vocal slits; (7) first finger shorter than second; all fingers long, discs broadly expanded, rounded to truncate; all fingers bearing a hyperdistal tubercle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Hand and foot of the holotype of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. QCAZ 58939, adult female. Ventral views of right foot A and right hand B. Abbreviations: B = basal, D = distal, HD = hyperdistal. Photographs by Julio C. Carrion-Olmedo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569829" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
); (8) fingers with narrow lateral fringes; (9) few ulnar tubercles; (10) no knee and heel tubercles, outer tarsal fold bearing one to three indistinct tubercles; (11) two metatarsal tubercles, inner oval, 3x the size of outer conical and elliptical metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles numerous; (12) all toes with hyperdistal tubercles; toes with narrow lateral fringes; basal toe webbing absent, discs broadly expanded, Toe IV much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches proximal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V exceeds the distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV), discs as expanded as those on fingers (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Hand and foot of the holotype of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. QCAZ 58939, adult female. Ventral views of right foot A and right hand B. Abbreviations: B = basal, D = distal, HD = hyperdistal. Photographs by Julio C. Carrion-Olmedo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569829" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
); (13) SVL 22.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.4 mm (20.4-24.8 mm;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 15) in females, 18.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5 mm (15.8-23.9 mm;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 39) in males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Comparison with other species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Color comparisons are based on digital photos of live specimens, unless otherwise noted.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is most similar to other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. lacrimosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="lacrimosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. lacrimosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, especially
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lynch & Duellman, 1980),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. bromeliaceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="bromeliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. bromeliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lynch, 1979),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. lacrimosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="lacrimosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. lacrimosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
de la Espada, 1875),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. schultei" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="schultei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. schultei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Duellman, 1990),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. pastazensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="pastazensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. pastazensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Andersson, 1945), and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. rhodostichus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="rhodostichus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. rhodostichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Duellman & Pramuk, 1999) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 5. Live specimens of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. and most similar species. A Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov., QCAZ 58938, adult male (SVL 17.99 mm), B Pristimantis petersi, QCAZ 63455, adult male (SVL 16.49 mm), C Pristimantis sp., QCAZ 62940, adult male (SVL 23.45 mm), D Pristimantis bromeliaceus, QCAZ 56454, adult male (SVL 21.93 mm) E Pristimantis schultei, QCAZ 51551, adult male (SVL 24.60 mm). Photographs by Juan Carlos Sanchez A, by David Velalcazar B, by Valeria Chasiluisa C, by Jorge Brito D, by Diego Paucar E." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569830" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can only be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by differences in advertisement calls. Call duration is shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. 0.25 s (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the advertisement call of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. from two localities: Sardinayacu, Morona Santiago Province (2.0983 ° S, 78.1155 ° W, 1345 m) and Yurugyacu river, Llanganates National Park, Pastaza Province, Ecuador (1.3524 ° S, 78.0597 ° W, 1419 m) in comparison with Pristimantis petersi from Cocodrilos, Napo Province (0.6710 ° S, 77.7927 ° W, 1575 m). Mean is given with range in parentheses. Because the dominant frequency is on the first harmonic, it equals the fundamental frequency." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E00A838AA52EA655BF0786503D39B025" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" tableUuid="E00A838AA52EA655BF0786503D39B025">3</tableCitation>
|
||
; 0.19-0.32 s; n = 3) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 0.42 s (0.37-0.46 s; n = 2). Dominant frequencies also differ: 4430.79 Hz (4122-4837.22 Hz; n = 3) in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and 3956.75 Hz (3836.67-4076.84 Hz; n = 2) in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Call duration and dominant frequency are static call traits and, therefore, are less variable within species and most reliable to define species boundaries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4251.1.1" author="Koehler, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="001 - 124" refId="B40" refString="Koehler, J, Jansen, M, Rodriguez, A, Kok, PJR, Toledo, LF, Emmrich, M, Glaw, F, Haddad, CFB, Roedel, M-O, Vences, M, 2017. The use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice. Zootaxa 4251: 001 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4251.1.1" title="The use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4251.1.1" volume="4251" year="2017">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Crucially, the new species and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not sister species and are separated by large genetic distances: uncorrected pairwise
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
|
||
-genetic distances for gene 16S range from 7.9% to 8.4%.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. bromeliaceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="bromeliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. bromeliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by snout shape (rounded to truncate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. vs. subacuminate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. bromeliaceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="bromeliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. bromeliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), texture of ventral skin (weakly areolate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. vs. coarsely areolate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. bromeliaceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="bromeliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. bromeliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), iris coloration (reddish coppery in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. vs. brown flecked with gold or bronze in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. bromeliaceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="bromeliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. bromeliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by having an eyelid with one conical tubercle surrounded by lower tubercles (two to three non-conical tubercles in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. bromeliaceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="bromeliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. bromeliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. lacrimosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="lacrimosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. lacrimosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
de la Espada, 1875) in dorsal coloration (dark greenish brown to pale yellowish green in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. vs. golden brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. lacrimosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="lacrimosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. lacrimosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), presence of eyelid tubercles and narrow lateral fringes (both absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. lacrimosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="lacrimosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. lacrimosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and size of outer metatarsal tubercle (3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
bigger than the inner metatarsal tubercle in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. vs. 5-6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
bigger in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. lacrimosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="lacrimosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. lacrimosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. rhodostichus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="rhodostichus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. rhodostichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. schultei" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="schultei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. schultei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Peru and Ecuador. It can be distinguished from both by snout shape in dorsal view (rounded to truncate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. vs. long acuminate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. rhodostichus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="rhodostichus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. rhodostichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Duellman & Pramuk, 1999] and acuminate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. schultei" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="schultei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. schultei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It can be further distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. schultei" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="schultei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. schultei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking heel tubercles (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. schultei" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="schultei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. schultei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. rhodostichus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="rhodostichus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. rhodostichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking red markings on the dorsum (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. rhodostichus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="rhodostichus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. rhodostichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Duellman & Pramuk, 1999). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. pastazensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="pastazensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. pastazensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Andersson, 1945) by snout shape in dorsal view (rounded to truncate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. vs. subacuminate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. pastazensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="pastazensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. pastazensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Andersson, 1945), tubercles on upper eyelid (one distinct conical tubercle surrounded by lower, indistinct rounded tubercles in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. vs. several minute rounded tubercles in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. pastazensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="pastazensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. pastazensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andersson, LG" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" refId="B1" refString="Andersson, LG, 1945. Batrachians from East Ecuador collected 1937, 1938 by Wm. Clarke-MacIntyre and Rolf Blomberg. Arkiv foer Zoologi. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens, Stockholm. Arnoldia, Zimbabwe 37: e32143." title="Batrachians from East Ecuador collected 1937, 1938 by Wm. Clarke-MacIntyre and Rolf Blomberg. Arkiv foer Zoologi. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens, Stockholm. Arnoldia, Zimbabwe 37: e 32143." year="1945">Andersson 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and skin of venter (weakly areolate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. vs. coarsely granular in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. pastazensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="pastazensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. pastazensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andersson, LG" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" refId="B1" refString="Andersson, LG, 1945. Batrachians from East Ecuador collected 1937, 1938 by Wm. Clarke-MacIntyre and Rolf Blomberg. Arkiv foer Zoologi. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens, Stockholm. Arnoldia, Zimbabwe 37: e32143." title="Batrachians from East Ecuador collected 1937, 1938 by Wm. Clarke-MacIntyre and Rolf Blomberg. Arkiv foer Zoologi. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens, Stockholm. Arnoldia, Zimbabwe 37: e 32143." year="1945">Andersson 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For further comparison see Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Qualitative morphological characters of species most similar to P. petersioides sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/982071C8709E686BAB4B0C18276A5667" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" tableUuid="982071C8709E686BAB4B0C18276A5667">4</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="E00A838AA52EA655BF0786503D39B025" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E00A838AA52EA655BF0786503D39B025" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Table 3" startId="T3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from two localities: Sardinayacu, Morona Santiago Province (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="2.0983" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-2.0983">2.0983°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.1155" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.1155">78.1155°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1345 m) and Yurugyacu river, Llanganates National Park, Pastaza Province, Ecuador (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="1.3524" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-1.3524">1.3524°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="78.0597" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.0597">78.0597°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1419 m) in comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cocodrilos, Napo Province (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0.6710" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-0.671">0.6710°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77.7927" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-77.7927">77.7927°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1575 m). Mean is given with range in parentheses. Because the dominant frequency is on the first harmonic, it equals the fundamental frequency.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="2">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not collected)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not collected)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">QCAZ58940</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">QCAZ59466</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">(not collected)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Calls analyzed</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">47</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">37</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">13</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Call duration (s)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">0.19 (0.11-0.32)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">0.32 (0.16-0.39)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">0.25 (0.19-0.34)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">0.46 (0.41-0.49)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">0.37(0.31-0.44)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Call rate (calls/minute)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">11.26 (1.77-18.40)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">25.78 (4.52-35.14)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">22.64 (12-17.88)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">4.24 (1.86-6.62)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">9.04 (2.17-33.18)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Call interval (s)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">6.21 (3.03-33.66)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">2.49 (1.37-13.09)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">2.44 (1.82-3.05)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">20.16 (8.59-31.73)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">11.13(1.41-27.20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Call rise time (s)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">0.03 (0.021-0.036)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">0.013 (0.011-0.019)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">0.008 (0.004-0.015)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">0.064(0.04-0.12)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">0.0107(0.07-0.18)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Notes per call</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Fundamental frequency (Hz)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">4837.22 (4373.4-5092.6)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">4122 (3644.5-4382.8)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">4333.1 (4295.9-4392.8)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">3846.7(3820.3-3890.6)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">4076.8 (3914.1-4242.2)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Dominant frequency (Hz)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">1st harmonic</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">1st harmonic</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">1st harmonic</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">1st harmonic</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">1st harmonic</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="982071C8709E686BAB4B0C18276A5667" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/982071C8709E686BAB4B0C18276A5667" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Table 4" startId="T4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Table 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Qualitative morphological characters of species most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Maximun size in females</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Eyelid tubercle</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Discoidal fold</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Dorsal snout shape</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Lateral snout shape</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">TY/ED</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Knee tubercle</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Heel tubercle</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Dorsum</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Data source</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. bromeliaceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="bromeliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. bromeliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">27.2 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">2-3 non conical</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">prominent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">subacuminate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">pointed</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">1/4 to 2/5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">small wart</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">conical</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">smooth</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Lynch, 1979</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. lacrimosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="lacrimosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. lacrimosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">32.5 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">evident</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">rounded</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">rounded</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">3/10</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">finely shagreen</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
de la Espada, 1875
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">21.1 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">conical</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">rounded</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">truncate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">3/5 to 1/2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">smooth</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Herein</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">24.8 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">conical</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">ill-defined</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">rounded to truncate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">truncate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">2/5 to 1/2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">smooth to shagreen</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Herein</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. rhodostichus" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="rhodostichus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. rhodostichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">29.5 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">several low</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">prominent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">long, acuminate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">acutely rounded</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">2/5</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">finely shagreen</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Duellman and Pramuk, 1999</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. schultei" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="schultei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. schultei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">34.0 mm</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">several low</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">not evident</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">acuminate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">inclined posteroventrally</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">2/5 to 1/2</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">several low</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">shagreen</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Duellman, 1990</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569830" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 5" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Live specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and most similar species.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., QCAZ58938, adult male (SVL 17.99 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, QCAZ63455, adult male (SVL 16.49 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., QCAZ62940, adult male (SVL 23.45 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis bromeliaceus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bromeliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis bromeliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, QCAZ56454, adult male (SVL 21.93 mm)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis schultei" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schultei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis schultei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, QCAZ51551, adult male (SVL 24.60 mm). Photographs by Juan Carlos
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
, by David
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Velalcázar">Velalcazar</normalizedToken>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
|
||
, by Valeria Chasiluisa
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C</emphasis>
|
||
, by Jorge Brito
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D</emphasis>
|
||
, by Diego Paucar
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Adult female (QCAZ58939). Measurements (in mm): SVL 22.02; tibia length 12.07; foot length 10.72; head length 8.82; head width 9.09; eye diameter 2.96; tympanum diameter 1.35; interorbital distance 2.52; upper eyelid width 2.44; internarial distance 1.59; eye-nostril distance 2.59; tympanum-eye distance 0.71. Body slender; head slightly wider than long, wider than body; snout rounded to truncate with rostral papilla in dorsal view, truncate in lateral profile; canthus rostralis distinct, slightly curved in dorsal view; loreal region concave; interorbital space flat, no cranial crests; eye large, protuberant; upper eyelid about 97% of interorbital distance, bearing one subconical tubercle. Tympanic membrane and annulus distinct, rounded, with inconspicuous supratympanic fold, partially obscuring anterodorsal edge; horizontal diameter of tympanum about 13% of head length, separated from eye by a distance about one half tympanum length; choanae large, rounded, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arc; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, bearing a transverse row of five teeth; tongue big, elliptical, posterior border slightly notched, 40% of the anterior surface adherent to floor of mouth. Skin on dorsum smooth to shagreen; dorsolateral folds absent; skin on upper flanks bearing scattered low tubercles; skin on belly weakly areolate; skin on throat and chest smooth; discoidal fold ill-defined; skin in upper cloacal region shagreen. Forearms slender bearing low antebrachial tubercle and one subconical ulnar tubercle at the distal half of the forearm; fingers large and slender, all with broadly expanded pads, all fingers with discs; fingers bearing narrow lateral fringes; relative lengths of fingers I <II <IV <III; three subarticular tubercles on finger III (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Hand and foot of the holotype of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. QCAZ 58939, adult female. Ventral views of right foot A and right hand B. Abbreviations: B = basal, D = distal, HD = hyperdistal. Photographs by Julio C. Carrion-Olmedo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569829" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
), the most distal we refer as hyperdistal, all the tubercles well defined, round in ventral and lateral view; several supernumerary tubercles present, prominent at the base of the fingers and lower, indistinct at the palmar surface; palmar tubercle bifid, heart-shaped, about the same length and twice the width of elliptical thenar tubercle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Hand and foot of the holotype of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. QCAZ 58939, adult female. Ventral views of right foot A and right hand B. Abbreviations: B = basal, D = distal, HD = hyperdistal. Photographs by Julio C. Carrion-Olmedo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569829" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Hindlimbs slender; tibia length about 55% of SVL; upper surfaces of hindlimbs smooth; foot length about 48% of SVL, posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs slightly areolate; knee and heel lacking tubercles; outer surface of tarsus bearing three low, inconspicuous tubercles, equally distributed along tarsus; toes bearing narrow lateral fringes; webbing between toes absent; discs on toes broadly expanded as those on fingers, rounded; relative lengths of toes: I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches proximal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V exceeds the distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV), subarticular tubercles rounded, simple, elevated; plantar surface with low supernumerary tubercles, bearing four subarticular tubercles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Hand and foot of the holotype of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. QCAZ 58939, adult female. Ventral views of right foot A and right hand B. Abbreviations: B = basal, D = distal, HD = hyperdistal. Photographs by Julio C. Carrion-Olmedo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569829" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
), inner metatarsal tubercle prominent, elliptical, approximately 3x size of oval and conical outer metatarsal tubercle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 4. Hand and foot of the holotype of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. QCAZ 58939, adult female. Ventral views of right foot A and right hand B. Abbreviations: B = basal, D = distal, HD = hyperdistal. Photographs by Julio C. Carrion-Olmedo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569829" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Color of holotype in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. QCAZ 58939, adult female, SVL = 22.02 mm. Sangay National Park, Sardinayacu, Ecuador. A lateral view of live individual, B dorsal view of live individual, C dorsal view of preserved individual, D ventral view of preserved individual. Photographs A, B by Juan Carlos Sanchez, C, D by Julio C. Carrion-Olmedo" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569828" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) Background color pale grayish cream with scattered, irregular dark brown chevrons, head bearing dark brown supratympanic and canthal stripe, upper lip bearing ill-defined stripe formed by irregular dark brown dots; upper flanks bearing dark brown, irregular flecks and blotches densely distributed; venter, ventral surfaces of forearms and hindlimbs pale creamy white, chest and throat with diminutive dark brown dots uniformly distributed (visible under magnification); ventral surfaces of hands and foot with dense minute dark brown dots, posterior surfaces of thighs pale cream to dark brown; iris reddish coppery with fine, dense, black reticulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Color of holotype in life.</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. QCAZ 58939, adult female, SVL = 22.02 mm. Sangay National Park, Sardinayacu, Ecuador. A lateral view of live individual, B dorsal view of live individual, C dorsal view of preserved individual, D ventral view of preserved individual. Photographs A, B by Juan Carlos Sanchez, C, D by Julio C. Carrion-Olmedo" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569828" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) Dorsal surfaces yellowish green with scattered, irregular dark brown chevrons; canthal stripe and supratympanic fold black, upper flanks pale cream with dark brown irregular flecks and blotches; venter creamy white; axils pinkish white; ventral surfaces of limbs, thighs yellowish green; iris reddish copper with dark bronze faint horizontal streak and thin irregular black reticulations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Variation in preservative.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 6. Color variation in preserved individuals of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. A Dorsal view (left to right): QCAZ 59461 (SVL 22.95 mm), QCAZ 59470 (SVL 22.94 mm), QCAZ 58939 (SVL 22.02 mm), QCAZ 58951 (SVL 19.75 mm), B Dorsal view (left to right): QCAZ 59171 (SVL 19.50 mm), QCAZ 59456 (SVL 19.05 mm), QCAZ 59462 (SVL 19.00 mm), QCAZ 59468 (SVL 18,35 mm), C Ventral view of specimens in (A), D Ventral view of specimens in (B). Photographs by Julio C. Carrion-Olmedo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569831" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6</figureCitation>
|
||
) Adult males (15.79-23.93 mm) are smaller than adult females (20.42-24.81 mm). See Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Morphometric variables of P. petersioides sp. nov. and P. petersi. Mean + / - SD is given with range in parentheses. All measurements are in millimeters." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9C20557160295B422A335B454A4CBB21" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" tableUuid="9C20557160295B422A335B454A4CBB21">5</tableCitation>
|
||
for measurements of the type series. Males bearing vocal slits and prominent subgular sac, lacking nuptial pads. Skin tuberculation is less noticeable than in live specimens, it can vary from dorsum completely smooth (e.g., QCAZ58943, 59171) to shagreen (e.g., QCAZ59456). Tubercles on flanks remain conspicuous when dorsum is shagreen (e.g., QCAZ59470, 59472) and also upper eyelids tubercles and interorbital tubercle are more evident when dorsum is shagreen or flanks are tuberculated (e.g., QCAZ59456, 59470). Dorsal background coloration in preserved specimens varies from uniform dark brown (e.g., QCAZ58951, 59451, 59461) to pale cream (e.g., QCAZ58881, 58936, 59166). Marks on dorsum varies from scattered, irregular dark brown chevrons that form a triangle extending from the ilium to the scapula (e.g., QCAZ58950, 59468), ill-defined, dark brown flecks and spots (e.g., QCAZ58948, 59472), pale cream middorsal bar from the snout to the cloaca (e.g., QCAZ59456), to black dorsolateral stripes suffused with supratympanic stripes (e.g., QCAZ58943, 59171), with or without dark interorbital bar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="9C20557160295B422A335B454A4CBB21" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9C20557160295B422A335B454A4CBB21" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Table 5" startId="T5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Table 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric variables of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD is given with range in parentheses. All measurements are in millimeters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="3">Variable</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">male</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">female</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">male</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">female</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">n = 39</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">n = 15</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">n = 10</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">n = 2</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Snout-vent length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
18.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5 (15.8-23.9)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
22.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.4 (20.4-24.8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
18.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.7 (16.5 -22.7)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
20.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.4 (19.1-21.1)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Tibia length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
9.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8 (8.3-11.9)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
11.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0 (8.5-12.6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
9.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6 (8.6-11.0)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.6 (9.6-11.8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Foot length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
8.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.9 (6,9-10.7)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7 (8.8-11.6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
8.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.7 (7.8-10.1)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
10.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3 (9.8-10.2)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Head length</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
6.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6 (5.3-7.8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
8.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6 (7.2-9.1)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
6.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5 (5.5-7.1)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5 (6.8-7.5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Head width</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6 (5.9-8.5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
8.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5 (8.0-9.5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
6.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5 (6.3-8.1)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
7.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4 (7.5-8.0)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Eye diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 (2.2-3.1)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
3.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3 (2.4-3.5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 (2.4-3.1)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">2.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Tympanum diameter</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1 (0.7-1.1)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 (0.8-1.4)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1 (0.7-1.0)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1 (1.0-1.2)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Interorbital distance</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 (1.9-2.6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 (2.4-3.0)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1 (2.0-2.5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 (2.4-2.7)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Upper eyelid width</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3 (1.6-2.6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 (2.3-3.0)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4 (1.7-2.9)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">2.27</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">Internarial distance</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1 (1.2-1.7)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1 (1.5-2.0)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 (1.3-1.7)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 (1.4-1.7)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">eye-nostril distance</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 (1.6-2.5)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 (2.2-2.8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3 (1.8-2.9)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rowspan="1">
|
||
2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4 (2.0-2.6)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569831" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 6" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Color variation in preserved individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view (left to right): QCAZ59461(SVL 22.95 mm), QCAZ59470 (SVL 22.94 mm), QCAZ58939 (SVL 22.02 mm), QCAZ58951 (SVL 19.75 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view (left to right): QCAZ59171 (SVL 19.50 mm), QCAZ59456 (SVL 19.05 mm), QCAZ59462 (SVL 19.00 mm), QCAZ59468 (SVL 18,35 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of specimens in (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of specimens in (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
|
||
). Photographs by Julio C.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carrión-Olmedo">Carrion-Olmedo</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Variation in life.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Variation in live adult individuals of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. A QCAZ 59471 (SVL 17.45 mm), B QCAZ 59455 (SVL 18.2 mm), C QCAZ 58943 (SVL 17.73 mm), D QCAZ 59456 (SVL 19.05 mm), E QCAZ 58938 (SVL 17.99 mm), F QCAZ 59458 (SVL 21.84 mm), G QCAZ 58941 (SVL 20.42 mm), H QCAZ 59466 (SVL 19.06 mm). Dorsolateral view on the left, ventral view on the right. Photographs A and H by Santiago R. Ron, B-G by Juan Carlos Sanchez." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569832" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tuberculation pattern varies from dorsum completely smooth (e.g., QCAZ58943, 58951) to dorsum shagreen (e.g., QCAZ58938, 58939), some individuals bear scattered small tubercles on anterior half of dorsum (e.g., QCAZ58880) or have the dorsum densely tuberculated (e.g., QCAZ59463). When dorsum is tuberculated, flanks and limbs usually bear scattered tubercles more conspicuous than those in the dorsum. Similarly, the interorbital tubercle and upper eyelid tubercles are more prominent when the dorsum is tuberculated. There is extensive variation in dorsal coloration (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. Variation in live adult individuals of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. A QCAZ 59471 (SVL 17.45 mm), B QCAZ 59455 (SVL 18.2 mm), C QCAZ 58943 (SVL 17.73 mm), D QCAZ 59456 (SVL 19.05 mm), E QCAZ 58938 (SVL 17.99 mm), F QCAZ 59458 (SVL 21.84 mm), G QCAZ 58941 (SVL 20.42 mm), H QCAZ 59466 (SVL 19.06 mm). Dorsolateral view on the left, ventral view on the right. Photographs A and H by Santiago R. Ron, B-G by Juan Carlos Sanchez." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569832" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsum varies from dark greenish brown (e.g., QCAZ59471), bright orange (e.g., QCAZ58943), olive green (e.g., QCAZ58938), to pale yellowish green (e.g., QCAZ58941). Dark marks on dorsum vary from scattered dark brown flecks to irregular brown chevrons that form a triangle that extends from the ilium to the scapula, to ill-defined, dark brown flecks and spots (e.g., QCAZ58948, 59455). Some individuals bear bright orange blotches limited by dark brown contours (e.g., QCAZ58951, 59458), a bright orange middorsal bar that extends from the snout to the cloaca (e.g., QCAZ59456), black dorsolateral stripes suffused with supratympanic stripes (e.g., QCAZ58943). Bright orange to yellow with a darker contour interorbital stripe or bar may be present (e.g., QCAZ59455, 59458, 59462) or absent (e.g., QCAZ58943, 59456). Snout varies from dark greenish brown, pale yellowish green to bright orange (e.g., QCAZ59455, 59466, 59471).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569832" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 7" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in live adult individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ59471 (SVL 17.45 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ59455 (SVL 18.2 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ58943 (SVL 17.73 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ59456 (SVL 19.05 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ58938 (SVL 17.99 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ59458 (SVL 21.84 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">G</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ58941 (SVL 20.42 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">H</emphasis>
|
||
QCAZ59466 (SVL 19.06 mm). Dorsolateral view on the left, ventral view on the right. Photographs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">H</emphasis>
|
||
by Santiago R. Ron,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B-G</emphasis>
|
||
by Juan Carlos
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="advertisement call">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Advertisement call.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Quantitative measurements of the advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (QCAZ58940) are shown in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the advertisement call of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. from two localities: Sardinayacu, Morona Santiago Province (2.0983 ° S, 78.1155 ° W, 1345 m) and Yurugyacu river, Llanganates National Park, Pastaza Province, Ecuador (1.3524 ° S, 78.0597 ° W, 1419 m) in comparison with Pristimantis petersi from Cocodrilos, Napo Province (0.6710 ° S, 77.7927 ° W, 1575 m). Mean is given with range in parentheses. Because the dominant frequency is on the first harmonic, it equals the fundamental frequency." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E00A838AA52EA655BF0786503D39B025" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" tableUuid="E00A838AA52EA655BF0786503D39B025">3</tableCitation>
|
||
. The call is a metallic click with an average duration of 0.25 s (0.19-0.32 s; n = 3; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Advertisement calls of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. and Pristimantis petersi. (A) oscillogram and spectrogram of a call series of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov., (B) oscillogram (top), spectrogram (middle), and power spectrum (bottom) of a single call of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. and (C) oscillogram (top), spectrogram (middle), and power spectrum (bottom) of a single call of Pristimantis petersi." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569834" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The amplitude peak occurs at 20-30 ms and then decreases gradually towards the end (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. Advertisement calls of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. and Pristimantis petersi. (A) oscillogram and spectrogram of a call series of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov., (B) oscillogram (top), spectrogram (middle), and power spectrum (bottom) of a single call of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. and (C) oscillogram (top), spectrogram (middle), and power spectrum (bottom) of a single call of Pristimantis petersi." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569834" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The calls are repeated at a mean rate of 19.89 calls per minute (11.26-25.78; n = 3). Three or four harmonics are visible, but most of the energy is located on the first one. The dominant frequency (= fundamental frequency) is 4430.79 Hz (4122-4837.22 Hz; n = 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569834" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 8" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
) oscillogram and spectrogram of a call series of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
|
||
) oscillogram (top), spectrogram (middle), and power spectrum (bottom) of a single call of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C</emphasis>
|
||
) oscillogram (top), spectrogram (middle), and power spectrum (bottom) of a single call of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is known from six localities in the eastern Andean slopes of central Ecuador between 1221-2300 m (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 9. Records of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. (yellow) and P. petersi (red). Confirmed records are based on specimens deposited at the Museum of Zoology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. Unconfirmed records (diamonds) from Brito et al. (2017), Lynch and Duellman (1980), Mueses-Cisneros (2005), and Stuart et al. (2008)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569835" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). It inhabits the Eastern Andean Foothills Forest and Eastern Montane Forest natural regions (as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ron, SR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" publicationUrl="https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/amphibiaweb" refId="B76" refString="Ron, SR, Merino-Viteri, A, Ortiz, DA, 2019. Anfibios del Ecuador. Version 2019.0. Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/amphibiaweb" title="Anfibios del Ecuador. Version 2019.0. Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador." url="https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/amphibiaweb" year="2019">Ron et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has been recorded in primary forest and, less frequently, in secondary forest. Individuals were found during nocturnal surveys, usually perching on ferns, herbs, or
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Incertae sedis" family="Incertae sedis" genus="Heliconia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Heliconia" order="Incertae sedis" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Incertae sedis" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Heliconia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves, branches, or inside bromeliads up to 350 cm above the ground, usually near water bodies. Three amplectant pairs were found on January and February 2015 in Sardinayacu and Zarentza.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569835" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 9" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (yellow) and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red). Confirmed records are based on specimens deposited at the Museum of Zoology, Pontificia Universidad
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Católica">Catolica</normalizedToken>
|
||
del Ecuador. Unconfirmed records (diamonds) from
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1299529" author="Brito, JM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="125 - 156" refId="B10" refString="Brito, JM, Batallas, D, Yanez-Munoz, MH, 2017. Ranas terrestres Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae) de los bosques montanos del rio Upano, Ecuador: Lista anotada, patrones de diversidad y descripcion de cuatro especies nuevas . Neotropical Biodiversity 3: 125 - 156, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1299529" title="Ranas terrestres Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae) de los bosques montanos del rio Upano, Ecuador: Lista anotada, patrones de diversidad y descripcion de cuatro especies nuevas." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1299529" volume="3" year="2017">Brito et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16222" author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="Miscelaneous Publication, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 86" refId="B49" refString="Lynch, JD, Duellman, WE, 1980. The Eleutherodactylus of the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Miscelaneous Publication, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 69: 1 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16222" title="The Eleutherodactylus of the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Anura: Leptodactylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16222" volume="69" year="1980">Lynch and Duellman (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mueses-Cisneros, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Bogota" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="229 - 242" refId="B64" refString="Mueses-Cisneros, JJ, 2005. Fauna anfibia del Valle de Sibundoy, Putumayo-Colombia. Caldasia. Bogota 27: 229 - 242" title="Fauna anfibia del Valle de Sibundoy, Putumayo-Colombia. Caldasia." volume="27" year="2005">Mueses-Cisneros (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stuart, SN" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" refId="B82" refString="Stuart, SN, Hoffmann, M, Chanson, J, Cox, N, Berridge, R, Ramani, P, Young, B, 2008. Threatened Amphibians of the World. Barcelona, Spain; International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland. Switzerland; Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, U.S.A.: Lynx Editions." title="Threatened Amphibians of the World. Barcelona, Spain; International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland. Switzerland; Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, U. S. A.: Lynx Editions." year="2008">Stuart et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
The specific epithet is a masculine noun in apposition. The suffix
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">oides</emphasis>
|
||
is derived from the Greek
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">eidos</emphasis>
|
||
meaning similar. The name makes reference to the similarity between the new species and its sister species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Four out of six known localities are inside National Parks (Sardinayacu in Parque Nacional Sangay and Ankaku, Zarentza and Salcedo-Tena road in Parque Nacional Llanganates); nonetheless, based on a vegetation cover map (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ministerio del Ambiente" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetic Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" publicationUrl="http://ide.ambiente.gob.ec/mapainteractivo/" refId="B58" refString="Ministerio del Ambiente, 2018a. Cobertura de la tierra, Ecuador. Map. http://ide.ambiente.gob.ec/mapainteractivo/" title="Cobertura de la tierra, Ecuador. Map." url="http://ide.ambiente.gob.ec/mapainteractivo/" year="2018 a">Ministerio del Ambiente 2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and a deforestation map 2016-2018 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ministerio del Ambiente" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetic Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" publicationUrl="http://ide.ambiente.gob.ec/mapainteractivo/" refId="B59" refString="Ministerio del Ambiente, 2018b. Deforestacion periodo 2016-2018. Map. http://ide.ambiente.gob.ec/mapainteractivo/" title="Deforestacion periodo 2016 - 2018. Map." url="http://ide.ambiente.gob.ec/mapainteractivo/" year="2018 b">Ministerio del Ambiente 2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Zarentza is <1 km from deforested areas for agriculture. At the year of collection (2009) the locality at Salcedo-Tena highway was in a forested region with small, deforested patches at distances> 2.5 km (based on a 2008 deforestation map by Ministerio de Ambiente). Sardinayacu, refuge 3 occur> 6 km from pastures, while Sardinayacu, refuge 1 is <0.5 km from deforested areas for agriculture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
In Sardinayacu, this species was one of the most common during surveys (24 individuals found in 9 days by 13 people) which suggest it can be locally abundant.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1299529" author="Brito, JM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="125 - 156" refId="B10" refString="Brito, JM, Batallas, D, Yanez-Munoz, MH, 2017. Ranas terrestres Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae) de los bosques montanos del rio Upano, Ecuador: Lista anotada, patrones de diversidad y descripcion de cuatro especies nuevas . Neotropical Biodiversity 3: 125 - 156, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1299529" title="Ranas terrestres Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae) de los bosques montanos del rio Upano, Ecuador: Lista anotada, patrones de diversidad y descripcion de cuatro especies nuevas." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1299529" volume="3" year="2017">Brito et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reported abundant populations in the upper basin of the Upano river, Sangay National Park, Morona Santiago Province (referred both as "
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" and also "
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersi">P. aff. petersi</taxonomicName>
|
||
"). Its extent of occurrence is 1402 km2 (based on a minimum convex polygon). Despite being locally abundant, we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. to be in the Red List category Vulnerable (VU) following B1, B2ab(iii) IUCN criteria because: (i) it is only known from six localities (sensu IUCN 2017), (ii) its Extent of Ocurrence is less than 5000 km2 (1433 km2); and approximately 9% of its Extent of Ocurrence has been affected by deforestation, human settlements and agriculture (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 10. Records of Pristimantis petersioides sp. nov. (blue circles) and its Extent of Ocurrence. Colors indicate vegetation cover based on Ministerio de Ambiente (2018 a)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569836" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/569836" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 10" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Records of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (blue circles) and its Extent of Ocurrence. Colors indicate vegetation cover based on Ministerio de Ambiente (2018a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carrión-Olmedo & Ron" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis petersioides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Pristimantis petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (QCAZ 60398, from Bombuscaro) by the snout shape (in dorsal view, rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., subacuminate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. QCAZ60398), venter texture (weakly areolate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.; coarsely areolate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. QCAZ60398), presence of small rostral papilla (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. QCAZ60398); furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. bears a complete, rounded tympanic annulus, weakly obscured posterodorsally by a thin supratympanic fold (tympanic annulus concealed posterodorsally by a thick supratympanic fold in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. QCAZ60398). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. nankints" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="nankints">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. nankints</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by snout shape in dorsal view (rounded to truncate in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. petersioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="petersioides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">P. petersioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. vs. acuminate in
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. nankints" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="nankints">P. nankints</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |