506 lines
62 KiB
XML
506 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="4C45A0113CDBB1E1066B19CAA5B406D1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.212849" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eb500402-596b-4b1b-9c3c-ede2050bb1b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="212849" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460507649009" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wollenberg, Katharina C., Glaw, Frank & Vences, Miguel" docDate="2012" docId="280387924C37FFE7FF7EFD20314A7EE0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03421p060.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3421" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gephyromantis verrucosus Angel 1930" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="D43AFFEA4C3AFFF3FFE9FF9433107C2C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the little brown frogs in the Gephyromantis decaryi complex with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="32" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698312936495" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0C1CC41880FDB478708294469D9B4CF5">
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<mods:title id="82857AFC485629CC9C1510C5992F0FD7">Revision of the little brown frogs in the Gephyromantis decaryi complex with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="745FDEE82168CD0BA6544FCD6E5713B8">Wollenberg, Katharina C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9CC86C67F3A7432B52B8F3B8FF81C285">Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F1867B95DD63E12631AB5EA3C42FFC2">Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="72023D47C84827123DDB2FB86DCC705A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="45C8EF505E643F3CA43318AAE63B5E9D">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="832F4639430572C5B11D16178DB4EAA2">3421</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="FB74DC2F90FB3A39D48B50B84ACAB01A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.212849</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="280387924C37FFE7FF7EFD20314A7EE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672706" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119522889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672706" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:280387924C37FFE7FF7EFD20314A7EE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/280387924C37FFE7FF7EFD20314A7EE0" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="E8B0650F4C37FFFEFF7EFD2032DF7992" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A01536844C37FFFEFF7EFD2031657EE1" blockId="13.[151,629,691,718]" box="[151,629,691,718]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="FB5D81E84C37FFFEFF7EFD2031657EE1" bold="true" box="[151,629,691,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C37FFFEFF7EFD2031657EE1" ID-CoL="6KCLW" authority="Angel, 1930" authorityName="Angel" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,629,691,718]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFF7EFD2031657EE1" bold="true" box="[151,629,691,718]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFF7EFD2032CC7EE2" bold="true" box="[151,476,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">Gephyromantis verrucosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C43B4B754C37FFFEFE0AFD2731657EE1" author="Angel" box="[483,629,691,717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" refString="Angel, M. F. (1930) Sur la validite du Genre Gephyromantis (Batraciens) et diagnoses de deux especes et d'une variete nouvelles de ce genre. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 55, 548 - 553." type="journal article" year="1930">Angel, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A01536844C37FFFEFF7EFD6E313C7FC6" blockId="13.[151,1437,762,1975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFF7EFD6E31CE7F3F" bold="true" box="[151,734,762,787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">
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Resurrection, identity and
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<typeStatus id="7F1188264C37FFFEFE33FD6F31557F3F" box="[474,581,763,787]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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designation.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C37FFFEFD0FFD6F37057F3F" box="[742,1045,763,787]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFD0FFD6F37057F3F" box="[742,1045,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">Gephyromantis verrucosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, considered a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C37FFFEFAA0FD6F33F77F1A" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFAA0FD6F33F77F1A" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">G. boulengeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for more than 60 years, is hereby resurrected and considered to represent a valid species. The two
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<typeStatus id="7F1188264C37FFFEFAD3FC8B368C7F1B" box="[1338,1436,799,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C37FFFEFF5CFCD732F37F77" box="[181,483,835,859]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFF5CFCD732F37F77" box="[181,483,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">Gephyromantis verrucosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MNHN 1930.443 and 444) from a forest near Fort Carnot (at
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<quantity id="67529B614C37FFFEFB4DFCD637FB7F76" box="[1188,1259,834,858]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.), Farafangana province (=
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<collectingCountry id="D8BD76144C37FFFEFEB5FCF232A07F52" box="[348,432,870,894]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">Ikongo</collectingCountry>
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), are adult males, as recognizable from the presence of femoral glands in both specimens, and black color laterally on throat, representing vocal sacs, in MNHN 1930.444. Since this latter specimen is larger, in better state of preservation, and the secondary sexual characters are more clearly developed, we hereby designate this specimen as
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<typeStatus id="7F1188264C37FFFEFEBCFC4632AB7FC6" box="[341,443,978,1002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="38912A014C37FFFEFE22FC46310F7FC6" box="[459,543,978,1002]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1506,1529]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,987,1484]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,987,1485]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Preserved lectotypes of A— G. d e c a r y i (MNHN 1930.435) and B— G. verrucosus (MNHN 1930.444); photographs taken by A. Miralles. Note the poor state of preservation of the type of G. decaryi, with one hindlimb detached from the body. Scale bars represent 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212861/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A01536844C37FFFEFF20FC6232257902" blockId="13.[151,1437,762,1975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">
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The
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<typeStatus id="7F1188264C37FFFEFF15FC6232737822" box="[252,355,1014,1038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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has distinct and large dorsal tubercle, arranged in very irregular rows and especially prominent dorsolaterally. In the shoulder region, the tubercles very weakly are arranged along an imagined line representing the inner dorsolateral ridges, but no such ridges can be reliably identified. Although color and pattern are largely faded on dorsal and ventral side (with some dark brown pigment remaining especially on the tubercles of the dorsolateral region), it is possible to recognize on the left side of the head clear dark and light alternating patches on the upper lip with two distinct dark patches interrupted by a light patch under the eye. No webbing is recognizable and the hands and feet are rather elongated and thin. Dark crossbands are recognizable dorsally on thigh, shank, and upper forelimb. The length and width of femoral glands are 4.2 x
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<quantity id="67529B614C37FFFEFC95FB6630C37926" box="[892,979,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
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in the
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<typeStatus id="7F1188264C37FFFEFBC8FB6637977926" box="[1057,1159,1266,1290]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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and 3.2 x
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<quantity id="67529B614C37FFFEFB16FB6636457926" box="[1279,1365,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
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in the
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<typeStatus id="7F1188264C37FFFEFF7EFA8232227902" box="[151,306,1302,1326]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A01536844C37FFFEFF20FAAE32DF7992" blockId="13.[151,1437,762,1975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">
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The
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<typeStatus id="7F1188264C37FFFEFF15FAAE3272797E" box="[252,354,1338,1362]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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thus agrees in most morphological and chromatic characters with the specimens collected by us at Manombo and Vondrozo. These localities are in the same general region of Madagascar's south-eastern coast as the
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<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C37FFFEFF28FA17324B79B7" box="[193,347,1411,1435]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFF28FA17324B79B7" box="[193,347,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">G. verrucosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="7F1188264C37FFFEFE8BFA17328279B7" box="[354,402,1411,1435]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
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locality
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<collectingCountry id="D8BD76144C37FFFEFE1FFA16315579B6" box="[502,581,1410,1434]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">Ikongo</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="38912A014C37FFFEFDBCFA1631B979B6" box="[597,681,1410,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1976,1999]" captionTargetBox="[255,1370,301,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[223,1370,301,1940]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Distribution map of species of the Gephyromantis decaryi complex. Midongy du Sud and Ikongo (= Fort Carnot) refer to the type localities of G. decaryi and G. verrucosus, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212859/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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). Consequently we here revalidate the name
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<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C37FFFEFB4AFA1733C57993" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFB4AFA1733C57993" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">Gephyromantis verrucosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for these populations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E8B0650F4C37FFFEFF2EFA5F37E37A62" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="A01536844C37FFFEFF2EFA5F37E37A62" blockId="13.[151,1437,762,1975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFF2EFA5F322079CF" bold="true" box="[199,304,1483,1507]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">Remark.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C43B4B754C37FFFEFED0FA5E310D79CE" box="[313,541,1482,1507]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" refString="Vieites, D. R., Wollenberg, K. C., Andreone, F., Kohler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U. S. A., 106, 8267 - 8272." type="journal article">
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Vieites
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFE66FA5832D979CF" box="[399,457,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and Wollenberg
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFD08FA58300C79CF" box="[737,796,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
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(2011) considered the Vondrozo and Manombo populations as representing
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFE6FFA7B32E67A2B" box="[390,502,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">G. d e c a r y i</emphasis>
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, due to their geographical proximity to the
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<typeStatus id="7F1188264C37FFFEFC0FFA7B37067A2B" box="[998,1046,1519,1543]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
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locality of
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<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C37FFFEFB70FA7A36627A2A" authority="Midongy" authorityName="Midongy" box="[1177,1394,1518,1542]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFB70FA7A37FD7A2A" box="[1177,1261,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">decaryi</emphasis>
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(Midongy)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="D8BD76144C37FFFEFA94FA7B368C7A2B" box="[1405,1436,1519,1543]" name="American Samoa" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">As</collectingCountry>
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argued above, we here instead follow
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<bibRefCitation id="C43B4B754C37FFFEFDA9F98630527A06" author="Glaw" box="[576,834,1554,1578]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" refString="Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2000) A new species of Mantidactylus from northeastern Madagascar (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) with resurrection of Mantidactylus blanci (Guibe, 1974). Spixiana, 23, 71 - 83." type="journal article" year="2000">Glaw & Vences (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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and assign the name
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<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C37FFFEFBDAF98737977A07" box="[1075,1159,1555,1579]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFBDAF98737977A07" box="[1075,1159,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">decaryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to the Ranomafana population. This species was referred to as
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFDB9F9A331767A62" box="[592,614,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">G.</emphasis>
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sp.
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<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C37FFFEFD7FF9A2308C7A62" authority="Vondrozo" authorityName="Vondrozo" box="[662,924,1590,1614]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Mantidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
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aff.
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFD2AF9A230077A62" box="[707,791,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">decaryi</emphasis>
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(Vondrozo)
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="C43B4B754C37FFFEFC2FF9A237FF7A62" box="[966,1263,1590,1615]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" refString="Kaffenberger, N., Wollenberg, K. C., Kohler, J., Glaw, F., Vieites, D. R. & Vences, M. (2012) Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Malagasy frogs of the genus Gephyromantis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 555 - 560." type="journal article">
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Kaffenberger
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFB8BF9AC378A7A62" box="[1122,1178,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
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(2012)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E8B0650F4C37FFFEFF2EF9CE32117B9A" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A01536844C37FFFEFF2EF9CE32117B9A" blockId="13.[151,1437,762,1975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="92DEEA964C37FFFEFF2EF9CE32A77A5F" bold="true" box="[199,439,1626,1651]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFE2CF9CE32EF7A5E" box="[453,511,1626,1650]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
2507/2007 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFD73F9CE31FD7A5E" box="[666,749,1626,1650]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZCMV</collectionCode>
|
||
5451),
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFCB8F9CE309A7A5E" box="[849,906,1626,1650]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
2508/2007 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFBCCF9CE37687A5E" box="[1061,1144,1626,1650]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZCMV</collectionCode>
|
||
5495),
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFB34F9CE36067A5E" box="[1245,1302,1626,1650]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
2506/2007 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFF77F9EA33E17ABA" box="[158,241,1662,1686]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZCMV</collectionCode>
|
||
5450),
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFEAEF9EA32917ABA" box="[327,385,1662,1686]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
2462/2007 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFDE4F9EA31707ABA" box="[525,608,1662,1686]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZCMV</collectionCode>
|
||
5459), adult males, collected in Manombo, forest upstream, south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D8BD76144C37FFFEFF7EF93632307A96" box="[151,288,1698,1722]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coordinates not taken but less than
|
||
<quantity id="67529B614C37FFFEFD2DF93631EF7A96" box="[708,767,1698,1722]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C59E50434C37FFFEFCA1F93630F57A96" box="[840,997,1698,1722]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" precision="1" value="-23.028316">23° 01.699' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C59E50434C37FFFEFC1DF93637837A96" box="[1012,1171,1698,1722]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" precision="1" value="47.731533">47° 43.892' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, at ca.
|
||
<quantity id="67529B614C37FFFEFB01F93636337A96" box="[1256,1315,1698,1722]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level, by M. Vences, G. Safarek, E. Rajeriarison and T. Rajoafiarison on
|
||
<date id="D41410444C37FFFEFC12F95237DF7AF2" box="[1019,1231,1734,1758]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" value="2007-02-24">24 February 2007</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFB36F95236087AF2" box="[1247,1304,1734,1758]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZSM</collectionCode>
|
||
2505/2007 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFF77F97E33E17B2E" box="[158,241,1770,1794]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZCMV</collectionCode>
|
||
5438), adult male, collected at the administration buildings and campsite of Manombo Reserve, southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D8BD76144C37FFFEFF07F89A32677B0A" box="[238,375,1806,1830]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C59E50434C37FFFEFE6BF89A310B7B0A" box="[386,539,1806,1830]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" precision="1" value="-23.028316">23° 01.699' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C59E50434C37FFFEFDC1F89A31D37B0A" box="[552,707,1806,1830]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" precision="1" value="47.731533">47° 43.892' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="67529B614C37FFFEFD02F89A30347B0A" box="[747,804,1806,1830]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="44.0">44 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level, by M. Vences, G. Safarek, E. Rajeriarison and T. Rajoafiarison on
|
||
<date id="D41410444C37FFFEFE36F8A631BF7B66" box="[479,687,1842,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" value="2007-02-23">23 February 2007</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFD52F8A731E97B67" box="[699,761,1843,1867]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||
20097 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFCB3F8A630BD7B66" box="[858,941,1842,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZCMV</collectionCode>
|
||
660),
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFC13F8A737287B67" box="[1018,1080,1843,1867]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||
20129 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFB71F8A637FB7B66" box="[1176,1259,1842,1866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZCMV</collectionCode>
|
||
662),
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFAD1F8A7368C7B67" box="[1336,1436,1843,1867]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/q3sh-smdb" name="University dAntananarivo, Department de Biologie Animale" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">UADBA</collectionCode>
|
||
uncatalogued (
|
||
<collectionCode id="C6BBAE414C37FFFEFEA9F8C232837B42" box="[320,403,1878,1902]" pageId="13" pageNumber="45">ZCMV</collectionCode>
|
||
661), three adult males from Vondrozo village (not morphologically examined for this study),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C59E50434C37FFFEFF02F8EE32927BBE" box="[235,386,1914,1938]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" precision="1" value="-22.819717">22° 49.183' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C59E50434C37FFFEFE67F8EE31317BBE" box="[398,545,1914,1938]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" precision="1" value="47.320267">47°19.216' E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="67529B614C37FFFEFDC4F8EE31647BBE" box="[557,628,1914,1938]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="198.0">198 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level, collected by M. Vences and E. Rajeriarison on
|
||
<date id="D41410444C37FFFEFAD4F8EE33EE7B9A" pageId="13" pageNumber="45" value="2004-02-09">9 February 2004</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="F4D5660C4C34FFFDFF7EF8C431477BCD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212855/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1850]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C34FFFDFF7EF8C431477BCD" blockId="14.[151,1436,1872,2017]" pageId="14" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C34FFFDFF7EF8C432027B49" bold="true" box="[151,274,1872,1895]" pageId="14" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of dorsal skin structure in preserved specimens of (a)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C34FFFDFC54F8C437BA7B4A" box="[957,1194,1872,1894]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C34FFFDFC54F8C437BA7B4A" box="[957,1194,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="46">Gephyromantis decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZSM 2497/2007; field number ZCMV 5223), (b)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C34FFFDFE5BF8E431507BA9" box="[434,576,1904,1925]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C34FFFDFE5BF8E431507BA9" box="[434,576,1904,1925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="46">G. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZSM 2462/2007; ZCMV 5459), (c)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C34FFFDFC26F8E437677BA9" box="[975,1143,1903,1925]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hintelmannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C34FFFDFC26F8E437677BA9" box="[975,1143,1903,1925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="46">G. hintelmannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype ZSM 2500/2007; ZCMV 5230), and (d)
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C34FFFDFE96F81A32837B8F" box="[383,403,1934,1955]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="46">G.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 7 (ZSM 2492/2007; ZCMV 5485). Note continuous dorsolateral ridges in
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C34FFFDFB5DF81A36337B8F" box="[1204,1315,1933,1955]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C34FFFDFB5DF81A360F7B8F" box="[1204,1311,1933,1955]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">G. decaryi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
discontinuous ridges and elongated tubercles in
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C34FFFDFDFEF83931B97BEE" box="[535,681,1965,1986]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C34FFFDFDFEF83931B57BEE" box="[535,677,1965,1986]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">G. verrucosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and relatively smooth skin with weakly expressed ridges in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C34FFFDFAFBF83933AB7BCD" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hintelmannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C34FFFDFAFBF83933AB7BCD" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="46">G. hintelmannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C34FFFDFF05F85F32107BCC" box="[236,256,1995,2016]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="46">G.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 7. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F4D5660C4C35FFFCFF7EFB543716793F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212856/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[187,1435,270,1194]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C35FFFCFF7EFB543716793F" blockId="15.[151,1437,1216,1299]" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C35FFFCFF7EFB54320278FA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1216,1239]" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral photographs of the head in preserved specimens of the four species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C35FFFCFBA5FB54362978FA" box="[1100,1337,1216,1238]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C35FFFCFBA5FB54362978FA" box="[1100,1337,1216,1238]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">Gephyromantis decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. Same specimens pictured as in Fig. 6. Note distinct light-dark pattern of upper lip in
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C35FFFCFC07FB74374278D9" box="[1006,1106,1247,1269]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">G. d e c a r y i</emphasis>
|
||
and especially in
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C35FFFCFAE2FB74368C78D9" box="[1291,1436,1248,1269]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C35FFFCFAE2FB74368878D9" box="[1291,1432,1248,1269]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">G. verrucosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and absence of this pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C35FFFCFE2CFB6A317B793F" box="[453,619,1277,1299]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hintelmannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C35FFFCFE2CFB6A317B793F" box="[453,619,1277,1299]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">G. hintelmannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C35FFFCFD75FB6A31BF793F" box="[668,687,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">G.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 7. Scale bars represent 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E8B0650F4C35FFE3FF2EFAAE30E97DAB" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="15" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C35FFFCFF2EFAAE31F47B2F" blockId="15.[151,1437,1338,2011]" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C35FFFCFF2EFAAE3251797F" bold="true" box="[199,321,1338,1363]" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A member of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C35FFFCFD93FAAF3036797F" box="[634,806,1339,1363]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C35FFFCFD93FAAF3036797F" box="[634,806,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">Gephyromantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C35FFFCFC50FAAF3775797F" box="[953,1125,1339,1363]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C35FFFCFC50FAAF3775797F" box="[953,1125,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">Gephyromantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of (1) presence of intercalary elements between ultimate and penultimate phalanges of fingers and toes (verified by external examination), (2) small size (SVL below
|
||
<quantity id="67529B614C35FFFCFDDDFA17319879B7" box="[564,648,1411,1435]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
), (3) slightly enlarged terminal discs of fingers, (4) presence of outer metatarsal tubercle, (5) absence of webbing on hands and presence of only rudimentary webbing on feet, (6) tight connection of tissue surrounding the two lateral metatarsalia, (7) presence of femoral glands in males, (8) presence of paired or bilobed blackish vocal sacs in males, (9) diurnal calling behavior not concentrated at water bodies. Within the subgenus, distinguished from all other species by combination of (1) comparatively small to moderate size (male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="67529B614C35FFFCFEA7F9A332DC7A63" box="[334,460,1591,1615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="20.0">20–26 mm</quantity>
|
||
), (2) dorsum coarsely tubercular (the tubercles sometimes arranged such as to roughly form interrupted inner and outer dorsolateral ridges), (3) upper lip with light gray or white color interrupted by 2–4 distinct dark markings, (4) lower lip ventrally without a distinct alternating series of brown and yellowish markings; (5) dorsal color light gray with a contrasted, rather symmetrical dark pattern, (6) hindlimbs not particularly long, not reaching beyond snout tip, (7) calls consisting of a rather long series of>30 notes of indistinctly pulsed structure with a low note repetition rate of 3.6–4.6/s.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C35FFE3FF20F89B30E97DAB" blockId="15.[151,1437,1338,2011]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Assigned to the group of species here informally defined as the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C35FFFCFC77F89B37B67B0B" box="[926,1190,1807,1831]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C35FFFCFC77F89B37B67B0B" box="[926,1190,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">Gephyromantis decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex based on its molecular phylogenetic relationships (see above) and its calls consisting of long series of notes with a low note repetition rate. Distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C35FFFCFDEFF8CC316B7B43" box="[518,635,1879,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C35FFFCFDEFF8CC316B7B43" box="[518,635,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="47">G. decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by lacking inner and outer dorsolateral ridges (sometimes interrupted rows of tubercles present vs. distinct and usually not interrupted), by the small and externally indistinct femoral glands in males (vs. larger and more distinct), by shorter limbs (tibiotarsal articulation at most reaching snout tip vs. reaching beyond snout tip), and by a longer note duration (123–157 vs. 65–120 ms; see
|
||
<tableCitation id="ED28033F4C35FFFCFB43F85737EF7BF7" box="[1194,1279,1987,2011]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,365,470]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Numerical data of advertisement calls of species in the Gephyromantis decaryi complex. Duration of notes and intervals in milliseconds, given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum-maximum in parentheses), all based on measurements of 10 notes respectively intervals except data from Ranomafana (taken from Glaw & Vences 2000; based on 44 notes and 43 intervals)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F4D5660C4C3DFFF4FF7EFF0C33EE7D25" pageId="15" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="F4D5660C4C3DFFF4FF7EFF0C33EE7D25">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) in advertisement calls. Distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2AFFE3FE11FF0C31BF7C9C" box="[504,687,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hintelmannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2AFFE3FE11FF0C31BF7C9C" box="[504,687,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="48">G. hintelmannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(described below) by a much more granular dorsum (large regular granules versus smooth with small tubercles and traces of dorsolateral ridges,
|
||
<figureCitation id="38912A014C2AFFE3FBE4FF2837427CF8" box="[1037,1106,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of dorsal skin structure in preserved specimens of (a) Gephyromantis decaryi (ZSM 2497 / 2007; field number ZCMV 5223), (b) G. verrucosus (ZSM 2462 / 2007; ZCMV 5459), (c) G. hintelmannae (holotype ZSM 2500 / 2007; ZCMV 5230), and (d) G. sp. 7 (ZSM 2492 / 2007; ZCMV 5485). Note continuous dorsolateral ridges in G. decaryi, discontinuous ridges and elongated tubercles in G. verrucosus, and relatively smooth skin with weakly expressed ridges in G. hintelmannae and G. sp. 7. Scale bars represent 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212855/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="48">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), by the small and externally indistinct femoral glands in males (versus larger and more distinct), by the presence of distinct dark patches interrupting light color on upper lip (versus usually absence), by usually a contrasted dorsal pattern (versus usually uniform grayish), possibly by a lower number of notes per call (<80 versus>100), and by a longer note duration (123–157 vs. 81–103 ms; see
|
||
<tableCitation id="ED28033F4C2AFFE3FE01FED8312C7D48" box="[488,572,332,356]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,365,470]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Numerical data of advertisement calls of species in the Gephyromantis decaryi complex. Duration of notes and intervals in milliseconds, given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum-maximum in parentheses), all based on measurements of 10 notes respectively intervals except data from Ranomafana (taken from Glaw & Vences 2000; based on 44 notes and 43 intervals)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F4D5660C4C3DFFF4FF7EFF0C33EE7D25" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="F4D5660C4C3DFFF4FF7EFF0C33EE7D25">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) in advertisement calls.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2AFFE3FCB9FED930FA7D48" box="[848,1002,333,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2AFFE3FCB9FED930FA7D48" box="[848,1002,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="48">G. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also well separated from all species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2AFFE3FF37FEE432417DA4" box="[222,337,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2AFFE3FF37FEE432417DA4" box="[222,337,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="48">G. decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2AFFE3FDFFFEE431DD7DA4" box="[534,717,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hintelmannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2AFFE3FDFFFEE431DD7DA4" box="[534,717,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="48">G. hintelmannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by morphometry (
|
||
<figureCitation id="38912A014C2AFFE3FC4FFEFB30FA7DAB" box="[934,1002,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1094,1117]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1072]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1073]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphometric differentiation of specimens from Ranomafana (G. decaryi, open gray dots), from Ambohitsara (G. hintelmannae, filled gray dots), from Manombo (G. verrucosus, red filled dots), and Manakara (G. sp. 7, filled black dots). Polygonal shapes denote morphological differences among groups. A - G. verrucosus and G. sp. 7 differ in PCs 3 and 5; B – G. decaryi shows different PC 1 / SVL values as compared to all other species of the G. d e c a r y i complex. C – G. hintelmannae is well distinguished from G. sp. 7 by the residuals of TL and HL, but shows some overlap with specimens belonging to G. v e r r u - cosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212854/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="F4D5660C4C2AFFE3FF7EF93632B57ADA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212857/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[162,1429,438,1676]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C2AFFE3FF7EF93632B57ADA" blockId="16.[151,1436,1698,1782]" pageId="16" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2AFFE3FF7EF93632057A94" bold="true" box="[151,277,1698,1721]" pageId="16" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of the ventral surface of feet (above) and hands (below) in the four species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2AFFE3FAE8F93733F37AFB" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2AFFE3FAE8F93733F37AFB" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="48">Gephyromantis decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. Same specimens pictured as in Fig. 6. Note the distinctly longer feet of
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2AFFE3FBC1F95637877AFB" box="[1064,1175,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2AFFE3FBC1F95637837AFB" box="[1064,1171,1729,1751]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">G. decaryi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All photographs to scale; scale bar represents 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E8B0650F4C2AFFE7FF2EF8B630A07E10" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C2AFFE2FF2EF8B636327DD8" blockId="16.[151,1436,1826,2032]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="16" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2AFFE3FF2EF8B632647B17" bold="true" box="[199,372,1826,1851]" pageId="16" pageNumber="48">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on adult male specimen ZSM 2508/2007 from Manombo. Specimen in excellent state of preservation. A tissue sample has been taken for DNA analysis on the right femur. SVL
|
||
<quantity id="67529B614C2AFFE3FB79F8D337E97B73" box="[1168,1273,1863,1887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="16" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="22.1">22.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. For measurements see Table 1. Body slender, ratio of head length to head width HL/HW = 1.03, head slightly wider than body, snout pointed in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view; nostrils directed posterolaterally, slightly protuberant, canthus rostralis moderately distinct, rounded; loreal region concave; tympanum distinct, rounded, ratio of tympanum diameter to eye diameter TD/ED = 0.56; supratympanic fold prominent; tongue ovoid, posteriorly bifid; maxillary teeth present; vomerine teeth absent; choanae rounded. Arms slender, distinct single subarticular tubercles; inner and outer metacarpal tubercles distinct; fingers without webbing; relative length of fingers 1<2<4<3, fourth finger slightly longer than second finger; finger discs distinctly enlarged; nuptial pads absent. Hindlimbs slender; tibiotarsal articulation reaches the nostril when the hindlimb is adpressed along the body; lateral metatarsalia strongly connected; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct, outer metatarsal tubercle weakly recognizable; traces of webbing between toes; relative length of toes 1<2<5<3<4; fifth toe slightly shorter than third toe. Skin on the dorsal surface smooth, with numerous weakly developed, interrupted and inconsistently shaped dorsolateral and lateral ridges, scattered small tubercle-shaped ridges on the head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="38912A014C2BFFE2FD3CFE0030097D80" box="[725,793,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1851]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of dorsal skin structure in preserved specimens of (a) Gephyromantis decaryi (ZSM 2497 / 2007; field number ZCMV 5223), (b) G. verrucosus (ZSM 2462 / 2007; ZCMV 5459), (c) G. hintelmannae (holotype ZSM 2500 / 2007; ZCMV 5230), and (d) G. sp. 7 (ZSM 2492 / 2007; ZCMV 5485). Note continuous dorsolateral ridges in G. decaryi, discontinuous ridges and elongated tubercles in G. verrucosus, and relatively smooth skin with weakly expressed ridges in G. hintelmannae and G. sp. 7. Scale bars represent 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212855/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="49">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral skin smooth on throat, chest and limbs, granular on central, posterior and lateral belly. The subgular vocal sac is laterally black, probably indicating a paired or bilobed shape when inflated; femoral glands are very weakly developed, and indistinct in external view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F4D5660C4C2BFFE2FF7EFA6031917AA9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212858/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[151,1436,553,1502]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C2BFFE2FF7EFA6031917AA9" blockId="17.[151,1436,1524,1669]" pageId="17" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2BFFE2FF7EFA6032047A25" bold="true" box="[151,276,1524,1547]" pageId="17" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of the femoral glands of preserved specimens of species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2BFFE2FBDBFA6036317A26" box="[1074,1313,1524,1546]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2BFFE2FBDBFA6036317A26" box="[1074,1313,1524,1546]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="49">Gephyromantis decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex in internal view (after reflection of ventral skin of thigh). (a)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2BFFE2FD01F98030407A05" box="[744,848,1555,1577]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2BFFE2FD01F98030407A05" box="[744,848,1555,1577]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="49">G. decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZSM 2496/2007; field number ZCMV 5222), (b)
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2BFFE2FAB1F98033F67A64" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="49">G. v e rrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
(ZSM 2505/2007; ZCMV 5438), (c)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2BFFE2FD85F9A630037A6B" box="[620,787,1585,1607]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hintelmannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2BFFE2FD85F9A630037A6B" box="[620,787,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="49">G. hintelmannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZSM 2501/2007; ZCMV 5231), and (d)
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2BFFE2FB2EF9A637CB7A6B" box="[1223,1243,1586,1607]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="49">G.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 7 (ZSM 2491/ 2007; ZCMV 5424). Scale bars represent 1 mm. Note the slightly larger size of the scale bar in b vs. a, illustrating the larger size of the gland in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2BFFE2FEB7F9E432D57AA9" box="[350,453,1647,1669]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2BFFE2FEB7F9E432D57AA9" box="[350,453,1647,1669]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="49">G. decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2BFFE2FE06F9E4316D7AA9" box="[495,637,1648,1669]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">G. verrucosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C2BFFE1FF20F93832017CDB" blockId="17.[151,1436,1708,2020]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,151,247]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="17" pageNumber="49">
|
||
After almost three years in preservative, dorsally uniformly dark brown with diffuse dark markings on the dorsum. On the flanks, the dorsal color gradually fades into the light ventral coloration. The tympanic area is dark brown; the supratympanic fold is also dark. Under the eye, a whitish spot is bordered by two dark stripes. No white lip stripe is present. Dark-brown crossbands on the limbs. Ventrally, the color is light tan, shanks and thighs are brownish-mottled. A white irregular median band, bordered by tan coloration, runs along the throat and chest, which also has some additional white pigment. The lower lip shows ventrally a distinct alternating brown-white pattern (two white spots on each side). The anterior belly has some white mottling on tan background. Color in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="38912A014C2BFFE2FF76F83C33F57BEC" box="[159,229,1960,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1883,1906]" captionTargetBox="[214,1351,194,1826]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[199,1367,193,1834]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Comparative dorsolateral and ventral views of males of the four species respectively candidate species in the Gephyromantis decaryi complex. (a, b) Gephyromantis decaryi from Ranomafana, specimen photographed in 2007 and preserved in the UADBA collection; (c, d) Gephyromantis verrucosus from Manombo, specimen ZSM 2508 / 2007 (field number ZCMV 5495); (e, f) Gephyromantis hintelmannae from Ambohitsara, holotype specimen ZSM 2500 / 2007 (field number ZCMV 5230); (g, h) Gephyromantis sp. 7, specimen preserved in UADBA (field number ZCMV 5484)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212853/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="67529B614C2BFFE2FF3FF83C33F57BEC" box="[214,229,1960,1984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="49" unit="g" value="4.0">4</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g) very similar to that in preservative. Dorsally, the ground color was gray-brown, markings and pattern brown and dark brown. Ventrally, the light stripe on the throat and light marbling on chest were of a distinct silvery white. Some very weak yellowish tan was present on the posterior belly, in the ventral part of the inguinal region, and on the femoral glands. The iris was rather uniformly light brown, with a small dark brown spot centrally in its lower half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F4D5660C4C28FFE1FF7EF82C307C7BC1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212859/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[255,1370,301,1940]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C28FFE1FF7EF82C307C7BC1" blockId="18.[151,1436,1976,2030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C28FFE1FF7EF82C320F7BE2" bold="true" box="[151,287,1976,1999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map of species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C28FFE1FD6BF82D307F7BE3" box="[642,879,1977,1999]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C28FFE1FD6BF82D307F7BE3" box="[642,879,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="50">Gephyromantis decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. Midongy du Sud and Ikongo (= Fort Carnot) refer to the type localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C28FFE1FE52F84C31337BC1" box="[443,547,2007,2029]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C28FFE1FE52F84C31337BC1" box="[443,547,2007,2029]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="50">G. decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C28FFE1FDBDF84C31CF7BC2" box="[596,735,2008,2030]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C28FFE1FDBDF84C31CF7BC2" box="[596,735,2008,2030]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="50">G. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F4D5660C4C29FFE0FF7EFCA331CA7F85" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212860/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[152,1435,193,780]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C29FFE0FF7EFCA331CA7F85" blockId="19.[151,1436,823,938]" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C29FFE0FF7EFCA332307F61" bold="true" box="[151,288,823,846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved specimens of the species and candidate species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C29FFE0FC29FCAC37BF7F62" box="[960,1199,824,846]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C29FFE0FC29FCAC37BF7F62" box="[960,1199,824,846]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">Gephyromantis decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex; left—dorsal, right—ventral view. A—
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C29FFE0FE7FFCC332EC7F40" box="[406,508,854,876]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">G. d e c a r y i</emphasis>
|
||
(ZSM 2597/2007; field number ZCMV 5223); B—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C29FFE0FBFAFCC337A97F40" box="[1043,1209,854,876]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hintelmannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C29FFE0FBFAFCC337A97F40" box="[1043,1209,854,876]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">G. hintelmannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype 2500/2007; ZCMV 5230); C—
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C29FFE0FEB2FCE2327F7FA7" box="[347,367,886,907]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">G.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 7 (ZSM 2492/2007; ZCMV 5485); D—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C29FFE0FCDCFCE230D17FA7" box="[821,961,886,907]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C29FFE0FCDCFCE230D17FA7" box="[821,961,886,907]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">G. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZSM 2462/2007; ZCMV 5495). Not to scale (see Table 1 for precise measurements of the specimens).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F4D5660C4C29FFE0FF7EFA7632F77A1A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212861/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[153,1435,987,1484]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C29FFE0FF7EFA7632F77A1A" blockId="19.[151,1436,1506,1590]" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C29FFE0FF7EFA76323279D4" bold="true" box="[151,290,1506,1529]" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved lectotypes of A—
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C29FFE0FDBBFA7031A979D5" box="[594,697,1507,1529]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">G. d e c a r y i</emphasis>
|
||
(MNHN 1930.435) and B—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C29FFE0FC05FA70376A79D5" box="[1004,1146,1508,1529]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C29FFE0FC05FA70376A79D5" box="[1004,1146,1508,1529]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">G. verrucosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNHN 1930.444); photographs taken by A. Miralles. Note the poor state of preservation of the type of
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C29FFE0FC58F997370F7A34" box="[945,1055,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C29FFE0FC58F997370A7A34" box="[945,1050,1538,1560]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">G. decaryi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with one hindlimb detached from the body. Scale bars represent 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C29FFE0FF2EF9F631097B7F" blockId="19.[151,1437,1634,2019]" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C29FFE0FF2EF9F6322B7A57" bold="true" box="[199,315,1634,1659]" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
For differences in body size measurements see Table 1. Specimens ZSM 2462/2007 (ZCMV 5459), ZSM 2506/2007 (ZCMV 5450) and ZSM 2507/2007 (ZCMV 5451) have been dissected ventrally (presumably to check for internal parasites). Ventral coloration of ZSM 2505/2007 (ZCMV 5438) darker than in
|
||
<typeStatus id="7F1188264C29FFE0FB19F93F36467AEF" box="[1264,1366,1707,1731]" pageId="19" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; ZSM 2507/2007 (ZCMV 5451) showing a highly contrasted dorsal pattern (but structurally similar to
|
||
<typeStatus id="7F1188264C29FFE0FB0EF95B365E7ACB" box="[1255,1358,1743,1767]" pageId="19" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
); ZSM 2505/2007 (ZCMV 5438) having more strongly developed, smaller tubercle-like interrupted dorsolateral and lateral ridges and also above the eyes; color of ZSM 2505/2007 (ZCMV 5438) in preservative is a more reddish brown than in all other specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C29FFE7FF2EF8CB32677D30" blockId="19.[151,1437,1634,2019]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,716]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C29FFE0FF2EF8CB32987B5B" bold="true" box="[199,392,1886,1911]" pageId="19" pageNumber="51">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
In the village of Vondrozo, specimens were calling during the day in gardens and among shrubs, in a completely deforested area with single large fruit trees. At Manombo Special Reserve, specimens were calling in the afternoon from shrubs and logs at low perch heights (<
|
||
<quantity id="67529B614C29FFE0FC7EF83330CF7B93" box="[919,991,1959,1983]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
|
||
) in the forest, and in dense fern vegetation at the forest edge. Calls were also emitted during dusk and sporadically also heard after nightfall. At Manombo, calling specimens clearly were more common in clearings or at the forest edge than in dense forest. Calling males were evenly spaced. Reproduction and larval stages are unknown but the fact that calling males are not concentrated close to water bodies suggests a possible nidicolous reproduction as in other species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2EFFE7FF2DFE90327F7D30" box="[196,367,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2EFFE7FF2DFE90327F7D30" box="[196,367,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="52">Gephyromantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C2EFFE7FF2EFEB331407DE3" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,716]" pageId="20" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2EFFE7FF2EFEB332A97D6C" bold="true" box="[199,441,295,320]" pageId="20" pageNumber="52">Advertisement calls.</emphasis>
|
||
Two calls from Vondrozo consisted of 31 and 40 notes each. Intensity of notes increases from the first notes on, and slightly decreases again towards the end of the call. Note repetition rate was 3.7/s. Notes had the most clearly pulsed structure of all populations in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67AA4D074C2EFFE7FC76FEE437037DA4" box="[927,1043,368,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="decaryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2EFFE7FC76FEE437037DA4" box="[927,1043,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="52">G. decaryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex studied here, with 24–29 pulses/note (n=3). A fundamental frequency band is observed between 1800–2800 Hz, whereas dominant frequency ranges between 3800–5300 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C2EFFE7FF2EFE4830A07E10" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,716]" pageId="20" pageNumber="52">The two analyzed calls from Manombo consist of 50, 64 and 71 notes arranged in a regular series plus three notes emitted at somewhat longer intervals at the end of a call. Note repetition rate was 4.5/s. Notes were less distinctly pulsed than at Vondrozo, with 30–35 recognizable pulses (n=3).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E8B0650F4C2EFFE7FF2EFDD3314A7EE0" pageId="20" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A01536844C2EFFE7FF2EFDD3314A7EE0" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,716]" pageId="20" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="92DEEA964C2EFFE7FF2EFDD332707E4C" bold="true" box="[199,352,583,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from three low and mid-altitude localities in south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D8BD76144C2EFFE7FB90FDD336147E73" box="[1145,1284,583,607]" name="Madagascar" pageId="20" pageNumber="52">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
: (1) the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7F1188264C2EFFE7FA82FDDC368B7E4C" box="[1387,1435,584,608]" pageId="20" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality Fort Carnot (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D8BD76144C2EFFE7FE60FDF832CB7EA8" box="[393,475,620,644]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="20" pageNumber="52">Ikongo</collectingCountry>
|
||
) at
|
||
<quantity id="67529B614C2EFFE7FDE0FDF831437EA8" box="[521,595,620,644]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l., (2) Manombo Special Reserve (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="67529B614C2EFFE7FBDEFDF837627EA8" box="[1079,1138,620,644]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.), and (3) the village Vondrozo (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="67529B614C2EFFE7FED0FD1B32907E8B" box="[313,384,655,679]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.). We also heard calls probably referable to this species from along the road running from Vondrozo to the nearby Vevembe forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |