299 lines
36 KiB
XML
299 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="E2ABD1315E44396A95DB742B020F2485" ID-CLB-Dataset="8654" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c95b424f-11b6-4d97-a30f-b6b36dd1b8ed" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4473370" ID-ZooBank="8537A0E1-5F78-47B3-916B-D4B988DC86E1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611651961816" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carpenter, James M. & Brown, Graham R." docDate="2021" docId="25728780813FFFDB7081D5FC7973F95E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4919.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4919 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Euodynerus Dalla Torre 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="26" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="D94BFFF8813AFFDE7016D56B781FFFE2" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698925372822" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="016D44855FF9C8F8D9373CD7F689D839">Catalogue of the Australian Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="94C9B4196035C24D1C475EF069CFDA52">Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E7CEE69BA2735210BA1CE07841DCF09">Brown, Graham R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9407F36F4AEAC7A5A879DE4BCF7B5F1E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0980099591080393B80355BF072A2B87">
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<mods:date id="8558C80B490F49B3205143EA644EFADE">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DFB0238C63C076155B8A2ACF69BA2058">2021-01-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CDC12450AD3514D9A87BE6FDCE968576">4919</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="4AE1EEC6D53C7A50712CA371D1A99331">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="446CEA7839B50A670858B50276FF5F4B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4919.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="25728780813FFFDB7081D5FC7973F95E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4473392" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177128971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4473392" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:25728780813FFFDB7081D5FC7973F95E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/25728780813FFFDB7081D5FC7973F95E" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="E5C1651D813FFFDB7081D5FC79EDFF53" box="[151,498,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AD643696813FFFDB7081D5FC79EDFF53" blockId="5.[151,498,151,177]" box="[151,498,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="F62C81FA813FFFDB7081D5FC79EDFF53" box="[151,498,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7081D5FC7902FF53" ID-CoL="4G4Z" ID-ENA="187861" authority="Dalla Torre 1904" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,285,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7081D5FC7902FF53" box="[151,285,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Euodynerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7145D5FC79EDFF53" box="[339,498,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E5C1651D813FFFDB7081D5B47973F95E" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="AD643696813FFFDB7081D5B47ADDFDFB" blockId="5.[151,1437,222,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB7081D5B47992FF1B" author="Giordani Soika, A." box="[151,397,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="57 - 202" refId="ref56222" refString="Giordani Soika, A. (1962 [" 1961 "]) Gli Odynerus sensu antiquo del continente australioano e della Tasmania. Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia, 14, 57 - 202." type="journal article" year="1962">Giordani Soika (1962</bibRefCitation>
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[1961]) broke up the old genus
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7317D5B47C0AFF1B" authority="Latreille 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[769,1045,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Odynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7317D5B47B71FF1B" box="[769,878,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Odynerus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB7360D5B47C0AFF1B" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[886,1045,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref58794" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1802) Histoire Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere des Crustaces et des Insectes, 3. F. Dufart, Paris, xii + 467 pp." type="book" year="1802">
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Latreille
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<quantity id="6A239B73813FFFDB73CBD5B47C0AFF1B" box="[989,1045,223,249]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.57708" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="1802.0">1802</quantity>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="D5CC7606813FFFDB742DD5B47CBAFF1B" box="[1083,1189,223,249]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
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. Before that, the very broad concept of
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7185D4687A1FFEFF" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[403,512,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Odynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7185D4687A1FFEFF" box="[403,512,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Odynerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was employed, dating back to the only worldwide monograph of the
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7526D4687950FEA3" authority=", de Saussure" authorityName="de Saussure" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vespidae, de Saussure</taxonomicName>
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(1852–1858).
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<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB71EAD44C7AE8FEA3" author="Giordani Soika, A." box="[508,759,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="57 - 202" refId="ref56222" refString="Giordani Soika, A. (1962 [" 1961 "]) Gli Odynerus sensu antiquo del continente australioano e della Tasmania. Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia, 14, 57 - 202." type="journal article" year="1962">Giordani Soika (1962</bibRefCitation>
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[1961]) transferred a number of the Australian species to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB712AD42079C4FE87" box="[316,475,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB712AD42079C4FE87" box="[316,475,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. He employed a broad concept of
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB737BD4207C13FE87" box="[877,1036,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB737BD4207C13FE87" box="[877,1036,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which he had used for some time (
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<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB70DBD40479A5FE6B" author="Giordani Soika, A." box="[205,442,366,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="235 - 267" refId="ref56074" refString="Giordani Soika, A. (1953 [" 1952 "]) Hymenopteres recoltes par une mission Suisse au Maroc (1947). Eumeninae. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, 32, 235 - 267." type="journal article" year="1953">Giordani Soika 1953</bibRefCitation>
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[1952]). This included a number of subgenera in
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB73FAD4047C94FE6B" box="[1004,1163,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB73FAD4047C94FE6B" box="[1004,1163,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; in
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<collectingCountry id="D5CC7606813FFFDB74A0D4047D02FE6B" box="[1206,1309,367,393]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Australia</collectingCountry>
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these were
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB70D0D4F8794BFE4F" box="[198,340,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Epiodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB70D0D4F8794BFE4F" box="[198,340,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Epiodynerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7174D4F87AA7FE4F" authority="Bluthgen 1951" authorityName="Bluthgen" authorityYear="1951" box="[354,696,402,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Syneuodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7174D4F87A13FE4F" box="[354,524,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Syneuodynerus</emphasis>
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Blüthgen 1951
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</taxonomicName>
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and the nominotypical subgenus. The first two came to be treated as genera by the time of Cardale’s catalogue, leaving just the species placed in the nominotypical subgenus or unplaced by
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<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB7161D4B07A73FE17" author="Giordani Soika, A." box="[375,620,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="57 - 202" refId="ref56222" refString="Giordani Soika, A. (1962 [" 1961 "]) Gli Odynerus sensu antiquo del continente australioano e della Tasmania. Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia, 14, 57 - 202." type="journal article" year="1962">Giordani Soika (1962</bibRefCitation>
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[1961] in
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB72F0D4B07B9AFE17" box="[742,901,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB72F0D4B07B9AFE17" box="[742,901,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, to which a few other species were added later (
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<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB70DBD49479A3FDFB" author="Giordani Soika, A." box="[205,444,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="109 - 138" refId="ref56473" refString="Giordani Soika, A. (1977) Contributo alla conoscenza degli Eumenidi australiani (Hymenoptera). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 55, 109 - 138." type="journal article" year="1977">Giordani Soika 1977</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB71D1D4947A0FFDFB" author="Giordani Soika, A." box="[455,528,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="125 - 149" refId="ref56866" refString="Giordani Soika, A. (1993 b) Contributo alla conoscenza degli Eumenidi dell'Australia e della Nuova Guinea (Hym. Vespoidea). Bolletino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia, 42, 125 - 149." type="journal article" year="1993">1993b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB720DD4947AA9FDFB" author="Borsato, W." box="[539,694,510,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="629 - 641" refId="ref54016" refString="Borsato, W. (2005) Notes on the genus Diemodynerus Giordani Soika and on the Australian species of the genus Pseudepipona Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea). Monografie (Museo Regionale Di Scienze Naturali Torino), 42, 629 - 641." type="journal article" year="2005">Borsato 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD643696813FFFDB7081D748792DFC63" blockId="5.[151,1437,222,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB7081D7487966FDDC" author="Borsato, W." box="[151,377,546,574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="629 - 641" refId="ref54016" refString="Borsato, W. (2005) Notes on the genus Diemodynerus Giordani Soika and on the Australian species of the genus Pseudepipona Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea). Monografie (Museo Regionale Di Scienze Naturali Torino), 42, 629 - 641." type="journal article" year="2005">Borsato (2005: 638)</bibRefCitation>
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||
questioned the assignment of Australian species to
|
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB73ADD7487C45FDDF" box="[955,1114,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB73ADD7487C45FDDF" box="[955,1114,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, stating: “The assignment of species to this genus is a provisional operation, awaiting a better knowledge of the
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<collectingRegion id="6F1FF874813FFFDB7466D72C7CD3FD83" box="[1136,1228,583,609]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Oriental</collectingRegion>
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species in general and of the Indo-Australian species in particular.” He also stated of
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB73D3D7007C7BFD67" box="[965,1124,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB73D3D7007C7BFD67" box="[965,1124,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: “A cosmopolitan genus in which some Australian species were temporaneously included, having in common some characters, such as the propodeum poorly developed, the shape of the tegulae and of the first tergite.” In fact, the Australian species share no diagnostic characters with
|
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7244D7BC7AEEFD13" box="[594,753,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7244D7BC7AEEFD13" box="[594,753,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is nowadays restricted primarily to Palearctic species. This is seen when running the Australian species through keys that include
|
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7407D7907CAFFCF7" box="[1041,1200,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7407D7907CAFFCF7" box="[1041,1200,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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in the modern sense. For example,
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<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7174D6747AAEFCDB" authority="(de Saussure 1855)" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[354,689,798,825]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulatus">
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<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7174D67479CFFCDB" box="[354,464,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">angulatus</emphasis>
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(de Saussure 1855)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB72A8D6747C12FCDB" authority="Giordani Soika 1977" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1977" box="[702,1037,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB72A8D6747B07FCDB" box="[702,792,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB7336D6747C12FCDB" author="Giordani Soika, A." box="[800,1037,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="109 - 138" refId="ref56473" refString="Giordani Soika, A. (1977) Contributo alla conoscenza degli Eumenidi australiani (Hymenoptera). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 55, 109 - 138." type="journal article" year="1977">Giordani Soika 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB745ED6747D83FCDB" authority="(de Saussure 1853)" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1096,1436,798,825]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB745ED6747CA2FCDA" box="[1096,1213,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">succinctus</emphasis>
|
||
(de Saussure 1853)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all run to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB712CD6287A90FCBF" authority="Dalla Torre 1904" authorityName="Dalla Torre" authorityYear="1904" box="[314,655,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB712CD62879DFFCBF" box="[314,448,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Euodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB71DFD6287A90FCBF" author="Dalla Torre, K. W." box="[457,655,835,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref55241" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. (1904) Hymenoptera Fam. Vespidae. In: Wytsma, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, 19, pp. 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1904">Dalla Torre 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the key to Nearctic genera of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB7400D6287CC6FCBF" author="Carpenter, J. M." box="[1046,1241,835,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="721 - 741" refId="ref54834" refString="Carpenter, J. M. (2004) Ancistroceroides de Saussure, a potter wasp genus new for the United States, with a new key to the genera of Eumeninae of America north of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 77 (4), 721 - 741. https: // doi. org / 10.2317 / E- 33.1" type="journal article" year="2004">Carpenter (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
at a couplet that contrasts:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD643696813FFFDB7081D6E07974FBF3" blockId="5.[151,1437,222,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">“Tegula variously shaped, less than two thirds as wide as long (Fig. 67); tergum I usually with transparent or translucent apical border (Fig. 68), at least laterally (sometimes narrow)” vs. “Tegula broadly rounded and expanded laterally, more than two thirds as wide as long (Fig. 69); tergum I without transparent or translucent apical border.”</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD643696813FFFDB7081D1707C61FB43" blockId="5.[151,1437,222,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The first choice leads to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB71A9D1707A5AFBD7" box="[447,581,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB71A9D1707A5AFBD7" box="[447,581,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Euodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the second to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7327D1707BCFFBD7" box="[817,976,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7327D1707BCFFBD7" box="[817,976,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7418D1707D56FBD7" authority="Bohart 1982" authorityName="Bohart" authorityYear="1982" box="[1038,1353,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Leucodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7418D1707CB4FBD7" box="[1038,1195,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Leucodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
Bohart 1982
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the Australian species the tegula is evenly broadened in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB731BD1547B9DFBBA" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[781,898,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB731BD1547B9DFBBA" box="[781,898,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">succinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the width is not two thirds the length, and it is longer. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7144D10879DFFB9F" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[338,448,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7144D10879DFFB9F" box="[338,448,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">angulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB71E1D1087A4EFB9F" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1977" box="[503,593,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB71E1D1087A4EFB9F" box="[503,593,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the tegula is not broadened. In none of these species is there an epicnemial carina or male mandibular notch, characters distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7348D1EC7BE2FB43" box="[862,1021,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7348D1EC7BE2FB43" box="[862,1021,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this key.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD643696813FFFDB7081D1C07C27F9CF" blockId="5.[151,1437,222,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
In the key to European genera of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB7208D1C07B3EFB27" author="Giordani Soika, A." box="[542,801,1195,1221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="30 - 41" refId="ref56503" refString="Giordani Soika, A. (1978) Tabella per l'identificazione dei generi europei della famiglia Eumenidae. Lavori della Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali, 3, 30 - 41." type="journal article" year="1978">Giordani Soika (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, these species do not key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7466D1C07D10FB27" box="[1136,1295,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7466D1C07D10FB27" box="[1136,1295,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the axillary fossa fits neither that genus nor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB728BD1A47BC8FB0B" authority="Bluthgen 1938" authorityName="Bluthgen" authorityYear="1938" box="[669,983,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Allodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB728BD1A47B3BFB0B" box="[669,804,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
Blüthgen 1938
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[1937] in the last couplet. They fail at that couplet because they do not key out to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB72A7D1987B28FAEF" box="[689,823,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB72A7D1987B28FAEF" box="[689,823,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Euodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as there are no superior propodeal carinae. In the key to European genera of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB71C7D07C7AA8FAD3" author="Gusenleitner, J." box="[465,695,1303,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="43 - 65" refId="ref57527" refString="Gusenleitner, J. (2000) Bestimmungstabellen mittel- und sudeuropaischer Eumeniden (Vespoidea, Hymenoptera) Teil 14: Der Gattungsschlussel und die bisher in dieser Reihe nicht behandelten Gattungen und Arten. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 32 (1), 43 - 65." type="journal article" year="2000">Gusenleitner (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, they run to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB73F8D07C7C6BFAD3" box="[1006,1140,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB73F8D07C7C6BFAD3" box="[1006,1140,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Euodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, if considered to have an apical border on the first metasomal tergum (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB72D1D0507B2AFAB7" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[711,821,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB72D1D0507B2AFAB7" box="[711,821,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">angulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has laternal remnants). If not considered to have such a border (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB712ED034798DFA9B" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1977" box="[312,402,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB712ED034798DFA9B" box="[312,402,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB71D9D0347A5BFA9A" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[463,580,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB71D9D0347A5BFA9A" box="[463,580,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">succinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) they key past the couplet with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB73A8D0347C42FA9B" box="[958,1117,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB73A8D0347C42FA9B" box="[958,1117,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because there are no upper propodeal carinae, and wander to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7252D0E87AD4FA7F" authorityName="Bluthgen" authorityYear="1938" box="[580,715,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Allodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7252D0E87AD4FA7F" box="[580,715,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but do not really key out. The result is the same with the key to Iranian genera of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB719BD0CC7AC0FA23" author="Ebrahimi, E. & Carpenter, J. M." box="[397,735,1447,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref55458" refString="Ebrahimi, E. & Carpenter, J. M. (2008) Catalog of the vespid wasps of Iran (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Zootaxa, 1785 (1), 1 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1785.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Ebrahimi & Carpenter (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB72FCD0CC7B6FFA23" box="[746,880,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB72FCD0CC7B6FFA23" box="[746,880,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Euodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7380D0CC7C02FA23" authorityName="Bluthgen" authorityYear="1938" box="[918,1053,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Allodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7380D0CC7C02FA23" box="[918,1053,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Allodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the key to Afrotropical genera of Carpenter
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7148D0A07987FA07" box="[350,408,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009) they do not run to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB72DBD0A07B73FA07" box="[717,876,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB72DBD0A07B73FA07" box="[717,876,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of the tegula as well.
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB74C6D0A07D5DFA07" box="[1232,1346,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Angulatus</emphasis>
|
||
keys to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB70D0D0847953F9EB" box="[198,332,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB70D0D0847953F9EB" box="[198,332,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Euodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
if considered to have the tergal border laterally;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7394D0847BE8F9EA" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[898,1015,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7394D0847BE8F9EA" box="[898,1015,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">succinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fails because the tegula is short, but neither it nor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7148D37879A7F9CF" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1977" box="[350,440,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7148D37879A7F9CF" box="[350,440,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
match
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB721CD3787A87F9CF" authorityName="de Saussure" authorityYear="1855" box="[522,664,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Antodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB721CD3787A87F9CF" box="[522,664,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Antodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part), the alternative at that couplet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD643696813FFFDB7081D35C7973F95E" blockId="5.[151,1437,222,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The key of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C94A4B67813FFFDB7136D35C79FCF9B3" author="Carpenter, J. M." box="[288,483,1591,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="721 - 741" refId="ref54834" refString="Carpenter, J. M. (2004) Ancistroceroides de Saussure, a potter wasp genus new for the United States, with a new key to the genera of Eumeninae of America north of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 77 (4), 721 - 741. https: // doi. org / 10.2317 / E- 33.1" type="journal article" year="2004">Carpenter (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not consider the apical border of the first metasomal tergum to be definitive for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB70F8D330796BF997" box="[238,372,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB70F8D330796BF997" box="[238,372,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Euodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is because species of the genus in the Nearctic are more variable in structure than in the Palearctic. The Australian species fit better in this concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB7390D3147C13F97B" box="[902,1036,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Euodynerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB7390D3147C13F97B" box="[902,1036,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Euodynerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6ADB4D15813FFFDB747DD3147D15F97B" box="[1131,1290,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Pseudepipona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FAFEA84813FFFDB747DD3147D15F97B" box="[1131,1290,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudepipona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and so they are reassigned.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |