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<mods:title id="4715D449FE308B0F091A8A420A3D3AAF">A new giant nautilid species from the Middle Jurassic of Luxembourg and Southwest Germany</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F1AE26FF8F7428FF08FE9EFBEF0F3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12773174" ID-GBIF-Taxon="235608998" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12773174" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F1AE26FF8F7428FF08FE9EFBEF0F3A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F1AE26FF8F7428FF08FE9EFBEF0F3A" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C3424CBBFF8F7428FF08FE9EFE3C0A1C" box="[151,470,333,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE71F30FF8F7428FF08FE9EFE3C0A1C" blockId="3.[151,776,333,1925]" box="[151,470,333,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0AFA85CFF8F7428FF08FE9EFE3C0A1C" box="[151,470,333,357]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FF7BFE9EFE3C0A1C" authority="Hyatt, 1883" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1883" box="[228,470,333,357]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FF7BFE9EFEB80A1D" box="[228,338,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cenoceras</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FEC7FE9EFE3C0A1C" author="Hyatt, A." box="[344,470,333,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="253 - 338" refId="ref8660" refString="Hyatt, A. (1883). Genera of fossil Cephalopods. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 2, 253 - 338." type="journal article" year="1883">Hyatt, 1883</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE71F30FF8F7428FF08FEBEFE9C0ABC" blockId="3.[151,776,333,1925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FF08FEBEFEC60AFD" bold="true" box="[151,300,364,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="54E3A192FF8F7428FF08FEBEFF3A0AFC" box="[151,208,365,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FEA4FEBEFD6B0AFC" authority="Prinz, 1906" authorityName="Prinz" authorityYear="1906" box="[315,641,365,389]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FEA4FEBEFE100AFC" box="[315,506,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus orbignyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FD9CFEBEFD6B0AFC" author="Prinz, J." box="[515,641,365,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="201 - 243" refId="ref9225" refString="Prinz, J. (1906). Die Nautiliden in der Unteren Jura-Periode. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 4, 201 - 243." type="journal article" year="1906">Prinz, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FD0CFEBEFD4F0AFC" bold="true" box="[659,677,365,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FD37FEBEFE390ADD" authority="J. Sowerby, 1816" authorityName="J. Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FD37FEBEFEF30ADC" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus intermedius</emphasis>
J. Sowerby,
<quantity id="4CA0B2D5FF8F7428FE00FE5FFE1B0ADC" box="[415,497,396,421]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.61264" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="in" value="1816.0">1816 in</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FE67FE5EFD670ADC" author="Orbigny, A." box="[504,653,397,421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref9189" refString="Orbigny, A. (1843). Paleontologie francaise, Terrains jurassiques, Tome 1, Cephalopodes, livraison (Vol. 13, pp. 153 - 160). Paris: Masson." type="book" year="1843">Orbigny 1843</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 27), by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3424CBBFF8F7428FF08FE1EFBEF0F3A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE71F30FF8F7428FF08FE1EFF190E3C" blockId="3.[151,776,333,1925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FF08FE1EFF170A9C" bold="true" box="[151,253,461,485]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks</emphasis>
. There is great confusion about the nature, type horizon and stratigraphical range of
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FDFBFE3EFE49095C" authority="J. Sowerby, 1816" authorityName="J. Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FDFBFE3EFF0F095C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus intermedius</emphasis>
J. Sowerby, 1816
</taxonomicName>
, which has been controversially interpreted by numerous authors (for a recent overview see Țibuleac et al., 2020).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FE59FD9EFD8D091C" author="Tintant, H." box="[454,615,589,613]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="29 - 66" refId="ref9833" refString="Tintant, H. (1984). Contribution a la connaissance des Nautilaces jurassiques. 1. - Le sous-genre Cenoceras Hyatt dans le Lias du Sud-Est de la France. Geologie de la France, 1 - 2, 29 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1984">Tintant (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, who tried to trace the illustrated specimen in the Orbigny collection, reviewed the Early Jurassic representatives of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FF08FD7EFEEF09BD" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,261,685,708]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FF08FD7EFEEF09BD" box="[151,261,685,708]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cenoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He assigned a specimen of this collection originally labelled as
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FE1EFD1FFDD0099D" box="[385,570,716,740]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="striatus">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FE1EFD1FFDD0099D" box="[385,570,716,740]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus striatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to Sowerby
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FD21FD18FD2D099D" bold="true" box="[702,711,715,740]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
s species
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FF52FD3EFE50087C" authorityName="J. Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" box="[205,442,749,773]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FF52FD3EFE50087C" box="[205,442,749,773]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, this specimen has a much wider umbilicus than the specimen illustrated on Orbigny
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FE87FCF8FECB083D" bold="true" box="[280,289,811,836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
s plate 27, to which
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FD92FCFEFD70083C" author="Hyatt, A." box="[525,666,813,837]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="253 - 338" refId="ref8660" refString="Hyatt, A. (1883). Genera of fossil Cephalopods. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 2, 253 - 338." type="journal article" year="1883">Hyatt (1883)</bibRefCitation>
explicitly referred when erecting his new genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FDCEFC9EFD55081D" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1883" box="[593,703,845,868]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FDCEFC9EFD55081D" box="[593,703,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cenoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Tintant (in
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FF76FCBEFE7408FC" author="Enay, R. &amp; Fischer, J. - C. &amp; Gauthier, H. &amp; Mouterde, R. &amp; Thierry, J. &amp; Tintant, H." box="[233,414,877,901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref8102" refString="Enay, R., Fischer, J. - C., Gauthier, H., Mouterde, R., Thierry, J., &amp; Tintant, H. (1994). Revision Critique de la Paleontologie Francaise dʼAlcide dʼOrbigny. Paris: Masson." type="book" year="1994">Enay et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
) suspected that specimens were mixed up and that the illustration of plate 27 shows a chimaera by artificial combination of characters from various specimens of species of different ages and localities. Finally, he agreed that
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FE4BFC3EFF1B0F5C" authority="sensu Orbigny" authorityName="Orbigny" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FE4BFC3EFD550F7C" box="[468,703,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus intermedius</emphasis>
sensu Orbigny
</taxonomicName>
was conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FE63FBDEFEAA0F3D" authority="J. Sowerby, 1816" authorityName="J. Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FE63FBDEFD010F5C" box="[508,747,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus intermedius</emphasis>
J. Sowerby, 1816
</taxonomicName>
. However, interpreting the specimen illustrated on Orbigny
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FE13FB98FE7F0F1D" bold="true" box="[396,405,1099,1124]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
s plate 27 as a non-existent taxon would make Hyatt
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FEFDFBB8FE810FFD" bold="true" box="[354,363,1131,1156]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
s genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FE5BFBBEFDD80FFD" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1883" box="[452,562,1133,1156]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FE5BFBBEFDD80FFD" box="[452,562,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cenoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
invalid, since Tintant did not formally designate a type for
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FDFEFB5EFF530FBD" authorityName="Prinz" authorityYear="1906" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FDFEFB5EFF530FBD" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus orbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
amongst Orbigny
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FE1DFB78FE610FBD" bold="true" box="[386,395,1195,1220]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
s
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FE02FB7EFD6C0FBC" authorityName="J. Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" box="[413,646,1197,1221]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FE02FB7EFD6C0FBC" box="[413,646,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens. Treating
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FF62FB1EFE510F9C" authority="Prinz" authorityName="Prinz" authorityYear="1906" box="[253,443,1229,1253]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FF62FB1EFE9D0F9C" box="[253,375,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. orbignyi</emphasis>
Prinz
</taxonomicName>
as a “
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FD9BFB1EFD4C0F9C" box="[516,678,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">nomen nudum</emphasis>
” as suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FE98FB3EFE4C0E7C" author="Tintant, H." box="[263,422,1261,1285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="29 - 66" refId="ref9833" refString="Tintant, H. (1984). Contribution a la connaissance des Nautilaces jurassiques. 1. - Le sous-genre Cenoceras Hyatt dans le Lias du Sud-Est de la France. Geologie de la France, 1 - 2, 29 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1984">Tintant (1984)</bibRefCitation>
is impossible, because its
<typeStatus id="54E3A192FF8F7428FD52FB3EFF2C0E5C" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is by definition the illustrated specimen of Orbigny
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FD6BFAD8FD170E5D" bold="true" box="[756,765,1291,1316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
s plate 27.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE71F30FF8F7428FF32FA9EFBEF0F3A" blockId="3.[151,776,333,1925]" lastBlockId="3.[813,1437,235,1091]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Of course, it is well-known that the illustrations of Orbigny
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FF6EFAB8FF100EFD" bold="true" box="[241,250,1387,1412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
s plates are highly idealized and standardized (the apertures always pointing to the left), but he provided measurements of a concrete specimen, most likely of the illustrated one. Amongst the 15 surviving specimens in the Orbigny collection labelled as
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FDFAFA3EFF0F0D5C" authorityName="J. Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FDFAFA3EFF0F0D5C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the closest morphological resemblance is with a specimen (MNHN-F-A02204) from the Toarcian of Avallon (
<figureCitation id="136303B5FF8F7428FF54F99EFEE30D1C" box="[203,265,1613,1637]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[829,860,1846,1866]" captionTargetBox="[837,1412,1323,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-732@3.[837,1412,1323,1834]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 4 Nautilus intermedius Sowerby,from the dOrbigny collection (specimen MNHN-F-A02204);Toarcian of Avallon (photo: courtesy of Muséum national dhistoire naturelle, Paris)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12001058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12001058/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) (Tintant in
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FE03F99EFDBE0D1C" author="Enay, R. &amp; Fischer, J. - C. &amp; Gauthier, H. &amp; Mouterde, R. &amp; Thierry, J. &amp; Tintant, H." box="[412,596,1613,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref8102" refString="Enay, R., Fischer, J. - C., Gauthier, H., Mouterde, R., Thierry, J., &amp; Tintant, H. (1994). Revision Critique de la Paleontologie Francaise dʼAlcide dʼOrbigny. Paris: Masson." type="book" year="1994">Enay et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
). Tintant determined this specimen as
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FE35F9BEFEFB0DDC" authority="(Young &amp; Bird, 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Young &amp; Bird" baseAuthorityYear="1822" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="astacoides">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FE35F9BEFD780DFC" box="[426,658,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cenoceras astacoides</emphasis>
(Young &amp; Bird, 1822)
</taxonomicName>
, a species originally described from the Toarcian of Yorkshire,
<collectingCountry id="F34F5FA0FF8F7428FEE9F97EFDDC0DBC" box="[374,566,1709,1733]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FDD3F97EFD120DBC" author="Howarth, M. K." box="[588,760,1709,1733]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="93 - 136" refId="ref8622" refString="Howarth, M. K. (1962). The Yorkshire type ammonites and nautiloids of Young and Bird, Phillips, and Martin Simpson. Palaeontology, 5 (1), 93 - 136." type="journal article" year="1962">Howarth, 1962</bibRefCitation>
). MNHN-F-A02204 is the sole specimen of the surviving
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FF5AF93EFE580C7C" authorityName="J. Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" box="[197,434,1773,1797]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FF5AF93EFE580C7C" box="[197,434,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
material in Orbigny
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FD3FF938FD430C7D" bold="true" box="[672,681,1771,1796]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
s collection that originates from the vicinity of a locality cited by d
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FF55F8F8FF390C3D" bold="true" box="[202,211,1835,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
Orbigny (Tintant in
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FE23F8FEFD920C3C" author="Enay, R. &amp; Fischer, J. - C. &amp; Gauthier, H. &amp; Mouterde, R. &amp; Thierry, J. &amp; Tintant, H." box="[444,632,1837,1861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref8102" refString="Enay, R., Fischer, J. - C., Gauthier, H., Mouterde, R., Thierry, J., &amp; Tintant, H. (1994). Revision Critique de la Paleontologie Francaise dʼAlcide dʼOrbigny. Paris: Masson." type="book" year="1994">Enay et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
). Hence, we conclude that MNHN-F-A02204 was indeed the specimen on which Orbigny
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FE0BF8B8FE770CFD" bold="true" box="[404,413,1899,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
s plate 27 is based and which was subsequently assigned to a new species by Prinz, (1906),
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FCB2FED8FC070A5A" authorityName="Prinz" authorityYear="1906" box="[813,1005,267,291]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FCB2FED8FC070A5A" box="[813,1005,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus orbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FC62FED8FAAD0A5A" authority="Prinz, 1906" authorityName="Prinz" authorityYear="1906" box="[1021,1351,267,291]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FC62FED8FB540A5A" box="[1021,1214,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus orbignyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FB57FED8FAAD0A5A" author="Prinz, J." box="[1224,1351,267,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="201 - 243" refId="ref9225" refString="Prinz, J. (1906). Die Nautiliden in der Unteren Jura-Periode. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 4, 201 - 243." type="journal article" year="1906">Prinz, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is here considered a subjective junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FB60FEF8FBB70A1A" authority="Young &amp; Bird, 1822" authorityName="Young &amp; Bird" authorityYear="1822" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="astacoides">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FB60FEF8FC850A1A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus astacoides</emphasis>
Young &amp; Bird, 1822
</taxonomicName>
and, more importantly, the widely used genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FC68FEBFFB8F0AFA" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1883" box="[1015,1125,364,387]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FC68FEBFFB8F0AFA" box="[1015,1125,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cenoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can still be used in the strict sense of Tintant. We concur with
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FB5EFE58FA8F0ADA" author="Tintant, H." box="[1217,1381,395,419]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="29 - 66" refId="ref9833" refString="Tintant, H. (1984). Contribution a la connaissance des Nautilaces jurassiques. 1. - Le sous-genre Cenoceras Hyatt dans le Lias du Sud-Est de la France. Geologie de la France, 1 - 2, 29 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1984">Tintant (1984)</bibRefCitation>
that
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FCB2FE78FB5D0ABA" authority="Sowerby, 1816" authorityName="J. Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" box="[813,1207,427,451]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FCB2FE78FBFE0ABA" box="[813,1044,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus intermedius</emphasis>
Sowerby, 1816
</taxonomicName>
is a species from the Sinemurian. The illustration of the
<typeStatus id="54E3A192FF8F7428FB56FE18FAC10A9A" box="[1225,1323,459,483]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, however, is a very schematic drawing. Obviously this
<typeStatus id="54E3A192FF8F7428FAA3FE38FA76097A" box="[1340,1436,491,515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is untraceable, because
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FBA9FDD8FB57095A" author="Foord, A. H." box="[1078,1213,523,547]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref8284" refString="Foord, A. H. (1891). Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II Containing the remainder of the suborder Nautiloidea, consisting of the families Lituitidae, Trochochoceratidae, and Nautilidae, with a supplement. London." type="book" year="1891">Foord (1891</bibRefCitation>
, p. 192) referred to several specimens stored in the collection of the British Museum but explicitly not to Sowerbys illustrated specimen. Even the type locality of Sowerby
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FAACFDB9FAD609FA" bold="true" box="[1331,1340,618,643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
s
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FACBFDBFFBB409DA" authority=", Keynsham" authorityName="Keynsham" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FACBFDBFFC3009DA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus intermedius</emphasis>
, Keynsham
</taxonomicName>
in Somersetshire, was only cited with a question mark as a doubtful occurrence of this species. Tintant (in
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FBA7FD1FFB06099A" author="Enay, R. &amp; Fischer, J. - C. &amp; Gauthier, H. &amp; Mouterde, R. &amp; Thierry, J. &amp; Tintant, H." box="[1080,1260,715,740]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref8102" refString="Enay, R., Fischer, J. - C., Gauthier, H., Mouterde, R., Thierry, J., &amp; Tintant, H. (1994). Revision Critique de la Paleontologie Francaise dʼAlcide dʼOrbigny. Paris: Masson." type="book" year="1994">Enay et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
) illustrated two nautilids of Orbigny
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FB93FD39FBFF087A" bold="true" box="[1036,1045,746,771]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
s collection (MNHN-F-R09436 and MNHN-F-B48672) that he identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FB76FCDFFBD6083A" authority="(Sowerby, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedium">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FB76FCDFFC6D083A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cenoceras intermedium</emphasis>
(Sowerby, 1816)
</taxonomicName>
, however, these specimens were originally labelled as
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FB84FC98FAD4081A" authority="Sowerby" authorityName="Sowerby" box="[1051,1342,843,867]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="striatus">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FB84FC98FB3C081A" box="[1051,1238,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus striatus</emphasis>
Sowerby
</taxonomicName>
and did not belong to the series of
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FBFDFCBFFAEC08FA" box="[1122,1286,875,899]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FBFDFCBFFAEC08FA" box="[1122,1286,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">N. intermedius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Orbigny
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FA16FCB9FA7808FA" bold="true" box="[1417,1426,874,899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ʼ</emphasis>
s collection. Thus, replacing the type species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FAB1FC5FFC5F08BA" authority="Hyatt, 1883" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1883" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Cenoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FAB1FC5FFA7608DA" box="[1326,1436,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cenoceras</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FCB2FC7FFC5F08BA" author="Hyatt, A." box="[813,949,939,964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="253 - 338" refId="ref8660" refString="Hyatt, A. (1883). Genera of fossil Cephalopods. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 2, 253 - 338." type="journal article" year="1883">Hyatt, 1883</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by
<taxonomicName id="4C5864B3FF8F7428FC6DFC78FA7608BA" authority="Sowerby, 1816" authorityName="J. Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" box="[1010,1436,939,963]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Nautilidae" genus="Nautilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedius">
<emphasis id="B92CC322FF8F7428FC6DFC78FB0E08BA" box="[1010,1252,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nautilus intermedius</emphasis>
Sowerby, 1816
</taxonomicName>
without legitimation by the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature was a clear violation of the principles of zoological nomenclature (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC962C1FF8F7428FB41FBD8FA880F5A" author="ICZN" box="[1246,1378,1035,1059]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref8688" refString="ICZN. (1999). International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4 th ed.). Natural History Museum." type="book" year="1999">ICZN, 1999</bibRefCitation>
) and cannot be accepted.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>