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<document id="50ED519253DB6A26B7723B33E2A74E0C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5f8f53af-f522-4d05-a0ec-b7495aed4c66" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249157" ID-ZooBank="46D89ABD-850E-45AE-A978-DDEF689F2EC9" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460654361247" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Longino, John T." docDate="2013" docId="03DB87F700089F00FF60FCAC729EFB22" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03693p151.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3693 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eurhopalothrix pilulifera Brown &amp; Kempf 1960" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="FFE2FF8F002A9F23FFF7FFEE727DFF82" masterDocTitle="A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="135" updateTime="1698344459312" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2882C20C422C53E75882E0B5A1F41248">A review of the Central American and Caribbean species of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown and Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), with a key to New World species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="43D8C29A8518FDBE8D3B307DDE69B496">Longino, John T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6D386AD0BE77A672CE5FA24311F9340F">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DB87F700089F00FF60FCAC729EFB22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6158584" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119573346" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6158584" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB87F700089F00FF60FCAC729EFB22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DB87F700089F00FF60FCAC729EFB22" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
<subSubSection id="C368656A00089F01FF60FCAC7313FB82" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCD36E100089F01FF60FCAC7090FCDE" blockId="34.[151,749,834,893]" box="[151,749,834,860]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
<heading id="D085818D00089F01FF60FCAC7090FCDE" bold="true" box="[151,749,834,860]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C724D6200089F01FF60FCAC7090FCDE" ID-CoL="3CZQL" authority="Brown &amp; Kempf, 1960" authorityName="Brown &amp; Kempf" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,749,834,860]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilulifera">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300089F01FF60FCAC7090FCDE" bold="true" box="[151,749,834,860]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300089F01FF60FCAC73B1FCDE" bold="true" box="[151,460,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Eurhopalothrix pilulifera</emphasis>
Brown &amp; Kempf, 1960
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36E100089F01FF60FC8B732AFCFF" blockId="34.[151,749,834,893]" box="[151,343,869,893]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
(
<figureCitation id="13492A6400089F01FF68FC8B7280FCFF" box="[159,253,869,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A" captionStartId="8.[151,250,557,580]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,193,535]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[302,1284,193,536]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. A. Eurhopalothrix pilulifera, showing expanded infradental lamella. B. E. xibalba, showing narrow infradental lamella." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249164/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Figs 7A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492A6400089F01FEFFFC8B735BFCFF" box="[264,294,869,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1658,1681]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,1237,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[302,1284,1237,1637]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Eurhopalothrix pilulifera worker (Honduras, CASENT 0618717). Scale bars: face view = 0.2 mm, lateral view = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249182/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492A6400089F01FEC5FC8B7332FCFF" box="[306,335,869,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1741,1764]" captionTargetBox="[284,1302,497,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[284,1303,497,1712]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 35. Distribution maps of Eurhopalothrix species, Central American region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249190/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">35</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36E100089F01FF60FC437313FB82" blockId="34.[151,1436,941,1024]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C724D6200089F01FF60FC4370C1FC40" authority="Brown &amp; Kempf, 1960: 208" authorityName="Brown &amp; Kempf" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,700,941,963]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilulifera">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300089F01FF60FC4373EAFC41" box="[151,407,941,963]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Eurhopalothrix pilulifera</emphasis>
Brown &amp; Kempf, 1960: 208
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 38.
<typeStatus id="54C9884300089F01FCE2FC43710EFC41" box="[789,883,941,963]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
worker:
<collectingCountry id="F365767100089F01FC39FC437663FC41" box="[974,1054,941,963]" name="Mexico" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, Tabasco: Chichicastle,
<date id="FFCC102100089F01FAE6FC4377E5FC41" box="[1297,1432,941,963]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" value="1945-08-16">16 Aug 1945</date>
, in berlesate (F. Bonet, No. 1108) [MCZC] (not examined).
<typeStatus id="54C9884300089F01FCEBFC227108FC63" box="[796,885,972,993]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
queen:
<collectingCountry id="F365767100089F01FC32FC257678FC63" box="[965,1029,971,993]" name="Brazil" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Rio de Janeiro,
<date id="FFCC102100089F01FB59FC22774CFC63" box="[1198,1329,972,993]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" value="1932-03-18">18 Mar 1932</date>
(H. Souza Lopes) [MZSP].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C368656A00089F00FF60FBC2731CFD9A" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCD36E100089F01FF60FBC27685FBC7" blockId="34.[151,1437,1068,2029]" box="[151,1272,1068,1093]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300089F01FF60FBC27308FBC7" bold="true" box="[151,373,1068,1093]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Geographic range.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F365767100089F01FE8BFBC373A9FBC7" box="[380,468,1069,1093]" name="Mexico" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F365767100089F01FE17FBC37018FBC7" box="[480,613,1069,1093]" name="El Salvador" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F365767100089F01FD87FBC3709DFBC7" box="[624,736,1069,1093]" name="Honduras" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F365767100089F01FD1CFBC37115FBC7" box="[747,872,1069,1093]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. Uncertain:
<collectingCountry id="F365767100089F01FC07FBC37649FBC7" box="[1008,1076,1069,1093]" name="Brazil" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Rio de Janeiro).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36E100089F01FF30FBBE73EDFA77" blockId="34.[151,1437,1068,2029]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300089F01FF30FBBE7324FBEB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1104,1129]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B906EAF300089F01FE93FBBF73C9FBEB" box="[356,436,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Worker</emphasis>
. HW 0.530.58, HL 0.560.64, SL 0.350.40, SLL 0.080.11, CI 8997, SLI 2128 (n=45). Labrum anteriorly bilobed, possibly shaped like labrum of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D6200089F01FC51FB987661FB0F" box="[934,1052,1141,1165]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xibalba">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300089F01FC51FB987661FB0F" box="[934,1052,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">E. xibalba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A6400089F01FBDAFB9B760CFB0F" box="[1069,1137,1141,1165]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1561,1584]" captionTargetBox="[302,1284,301,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[302,1284,301,1540]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Eurhopalothrix labra. A. E. bolaui (Nicaragua, CASENT 0619922). B. E. semicapillum (Costa Rica, CASENT 0639342). C. E. ortizae (Costa Rica, LACM ENT 143281). D. E. gravis (Costa Rica, INB 0003212299). E. E. sepultura (Mexico, CASENT 0639334). F. E. mabuya (Cuba, CASENT 0630193). G. E. xibalba (Costa Rica, INB 0003698926). H. E. floridana (USA, LACM ENT 143276). I. E. cimu (Cuba, CASENT 0639337). A H are dissected labra imaged in fluid. I is dry-mounted specimen, basal portion is not visible, and maxilla are visible in background. With the exception of E. cimu, specimen codes are for dry-mounted specimens from the same series, not the dissected specimen. Images are not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249159/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
G) (based on partial view, specimen with closed mandibles); mandible short, triangular, dorsal surface strongly convex, apical half strongly down-curved, surface punctate, rounding into ventral surface; masticatory margin not observed clearly but partial view shows two tooth rows, an outer row of flattened, triangular teeth and an inner row of several longer needleshaped teeth; scape with very strongly developed basal lobe; scrobe deep, sharply delimited dorsally and ventrally, abutting deep antennal socket; surface of scrobe feebly foveolate; eye minute, comprising 13 fused ommatidia; clypeus minutely and shallowly punctate, shallowly convex medially, with shallow circular concavities anterolaterally, cuticle of these concavities transparent, contrasting with surrounding opaque cuticle; sides of head above eyes angulate, vertex margin strongly concave; surface of face uniformly convex, minutely and densely punctate; occipital carina distinct; undersurface of head uniformly punctate; postgenal suture visible as a longitudinal dark line.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36E100089F01FF30F9EF7744F92B" blockId="34.[151,1437,1068,2029]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Promesonotal profile low, shallowly convex, posterior margin a short step dropping to sloping, flat dorsal face of propodeum; metanotal groove not impressed; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum distinct, meeting at obtuse angle, dorsal face subequal in length to posterior face; propodeal spine laminar, translucent, in the form of a broad foliaceous lamella, upper margin right-angled, lamella extending down posterior face to propodeal lobe; propodeal spiracle small, directed somewhat posteriorly; entire mesosoma minutely and densely punctate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36E100089F01FF60F95B768AF8BB" blockId="34.[151,1437,1068,2029]" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Petiolar peduncle joins anterior face of petiolar node at a sharp (not rounded) obtuse angle; anterior face of node meets dorsal face at blunt right to slightly acute angle; posterior face of node short; ventral margin of petiole with large, blunt anteroventral tooth; postpetiole low and broad, with a feeble longitudinal sulcus dorsally; first gastral sternite lacking anterior sagittal keel; petiole, postpetiole, and gaster minutely and densely punctate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36E100089F00FF30F8AB733BFE76" blockId="34.[151,1437,1068,2029]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="34" pageNumber="135">Dorsal surface of scape uniformly covered with broadly spatulate, fully appressed ground pilosity; setae on leading edge of scape similar to dorsal pilosity, fully appressed and not at all projecting; ground pilosity on clypeus obsolete; ground pilosity of face conspicuous, ground setae decumbent, pompon-like, similar in form to the larger specialized projecting setae, but much smaller, about 1/4 the size, uniformly distributed across face (including frontal lobes) or sparser medially, denser peripherally; projecting specialized setae large, strongly pompon-like, full complement 18, with curved anterior row of 8, transverse median row of 4, and posterior row of 6 on vertex margin; dorsal promesonotum, dorsa of petiolar node and postpetiole, and first gastral tergite with ground pilosity similar to face; 3 pairs projecting pompon-like setae on promesonotum; legs with dense, strongly flattened, decumbent setae on apices of femora, posterior face of foretibia, entire midtibia, anterior face of hindtibia, somewhat sparser on other surfaces; setae at apices of tibiae not distinctly larger or differentiated from more proximal setae; basitarsus and remaining tarsomeres with abundant, strongly spatulate setae; two large pomponlike setae on hind margin of dorsal face of petiolar node; row of 4 pompon-like setae on hind margin of postpetiole, median pair only slightly smaller than lateral pair; specialized setae of first gastral tergite pompon-like, full complement about 20, distributed across entire tergite and along posterior margin, medial setae in two longitudinal rows of 5 pairs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36E100099F00FF30FE11731CFD9A" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" box="[199,353,511,536]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Color orange.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C368656A00099F00FF30FDCD73EDFD06" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BCD36E100099F00FF30FDCD73EDFD06" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300099F00FF30FDCD735AFDBE" bold="true" box="[199,295,547,572]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Biology.</emphasis>
This is a very rare species, known from
<specimenCount id="9D74FD6800099F00FCFCFDCA71E5FDBE" box="[779,920,548,572]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
from 5 widely-spaced localities. Collections have been in dry forest or second-growth wet forest habitats, all from Berlese or Winkler samples of forest floor litter and rotten wood.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C368656A00099F00FF30FD61729EFB22" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCD36E100099F00FF30FD6173E0FB8D" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300099F00FF30FD617335FD2A" bold="true" box="[199,328,655,680]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Comments</emphasis>
. A distinctive feature that is unique to
<taxonomicName id="4C724D6200099F00FCEAFD7F71D5FD2A" box="[797,936,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilulifera">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300099F00FCEAFD7F71D5FD2A" box="[797,936,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">E. pilulifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at least among New World species, is an absence of differentiated setae projecting from the anterior margin of the scape. The dorsal surface of the scape is uniformly covered with scale-like, fully appressed setae. These setae also line the anterior edge but do not project on stalks or differ in any other way from those on the dorsal surface. All other species I have examined have projecting setae on the anterior margin.
<taxonomicName id="4C724D6200099F00FDAFFCCE7109FCBA" box="[600,884,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilulifera">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300099F00FDAFFCCE7109FCBA" box="[600,884,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Eurhopalothrix pilulifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C724D6200099F00FBB1FCCF76A2FCBA" box="[1094,1247,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alopeciosa">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300099F00FBB1FCCF76A2FCBA" box="[1094,1247,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">E. alopeciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D6200099F00FAE1FCCF77E8FCBA" box="[1302,1429,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300099F00FAE1FCCF77E8FCBA" box="[1302,1429,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">E. clypeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sharing the small size; a similar arrangement and number of erect setae, these almost circular, nearly as broad as wide; and abundant ground pilosity that is strongly flattened and conspicuous. It has a simple clypeus, without an arcuate transverse carina (present in
<taxonomicName id="4C724D6200099F00FDB3FC6370BAFC26" box="[580,711,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeata">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300099F00FDB3FC6370BAFC26" box="[580,711,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">E. clypeata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The propodeal spine is in the form of a rectangular lamella extending down the posterior face of the propodeum (propodeal spine acute in
<taxonomicName id="4C724D6200099F00FBADFC5F7685FC4A" box="[1114,1272,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alopeciosa">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300099F00FBADFC5F7685FC4A" box="[1114,1272,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">E. alopeciosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with narrow infradental lamella).
<taxonomicName id="4C724D6200099F00FE7DFC3A70D7FC6E" box="[394,682,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilulifera">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300099F00FE7DFC3A70D7FC6E" box="[394,682,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Eurhopalothrix pilulifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also be confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C724D6200099F00FC09FC3B760BFC6E" box="[1022,1142,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Eurhopalothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xibalba">
<emphasis id="B906EAF300099F00FC09FC3B760BFC6E" box="[1022,1142,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">E. xibalba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is larger and has thinner ground pilosity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36E100099F00FF30FBF2729EFB22" blockId="35.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">
The
<typeStatus id="54C9884300099F00FF0CFBF27320FBB6" box="[251,349,1052,1076]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
differs from the four other examined specimens in being slightly larger and having a relatively more elongate head (CI 89 versus 9596). Brown and Kempf (1960) described a
<typeStatus id="54C9884300099F00FBA3FBAF76C9FBDB" box="[1108,1204,1089,1113]" pageId="35" pageNumber="136" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
queen from Rio de Janeiro,
<collectingCountry id="F365767100099F00FF00FB8A7342FBFE" box="[247,319,1124,1148]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. This record should be considered suspect, pending fuller characterization of the fauna in southern
<collectingCountry id="F365767100099F00FF60FB6672A2FB22" box="[151,223,1160,1184]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="136">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>