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<document id="C2F230BDE33528740076F2DE333BEEBD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5073.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5760636" ID-ZooBank="AA3269D1-CA2F-4528-BC9D-3A4C75D05BD9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1638780779946" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hennemann, Frank H." docDate="2021" docId="03DB87EEFFB59D13FF405F01FDADF0B3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5073.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5073 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Ramulus Saussure 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="FFE2FF96FFF19D57FFD75E6AFFB3F318" masterDocTitle="Stick insects of Sulawesi, Peleng and the Sula Islands, Indonesia- a review including checklists of species and descriptions of new taxa (Insecta: Phasmatodea)" masterLastPageNumber="189" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1732148239118" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="FAAB61C3767167D9C2F2D0094AB46B3B">Stick insects of Sulawesi, Peleng and the Sula Islands, Indonesia- a review including checklists of species and descriptions of new taxa (Insecta: Phasmatodea)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BCD36F8FFB59D13FF405F01FDAEF29D" blockId="68.[151,541,363,426]" box="[151,541,363,390]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B906EAEAFFB59D13FF405F01FDAEF29D" bold="true" box="[151,541,363,390]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C724D7BFFB59D13FF395F01FDAEF29D" ID-CoL="8NYK5" authority="Saussure, 1862" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1862" box="[238,541,363,390]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ramulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EAEAFFB59D13FF395F01FEE8F29E" bold="true" box="[238,347,363,390]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Ramulus</emphasis>
Saussure, 1862
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3686573FFB59D13FF405FE5FE87F111" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCD36F8FFB59D13FF405FE5FE9DF2B2" blockId="68.[151,541,363,426]" box="[151,302,399,426]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
(
<figureCitation id="13492A7DFFB59D13FF485FE5FE95F2B2" box="[159,294,399,426]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 28" captionStart-1="FIGURE 29" captionStart-2="FIGURE 30" captionStart-3="FIGURE 31" captionStart-4="FIGURE 32" captionStart-5="FIGURE 33" captionStart-6="FIGURE 34" captionStart-7="FIGURE 35" captionStartId-0="70.[151,250,1158,1182]" captionStartId-1="72.[151,250,1626,1650]" captionStartId-2="74.[151,250,821,845]" captionStartId-3="76.[151,250,1729,1753]" captionStartId-4="81.[151,250,1697,1721]" captionStartId-5="82.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-6="85.[151,250,1445,1469]" captionStartId-7="86.[151,250,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,460,1135]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1437,192,1592]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1437,352,792]" captionTargetBox-3="[215,1374,194,1692]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,461,1670]" captionTargetBox-5="[175,1412,181,1920]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,189,1417]" captionTargetBox-7="[159,1427,964,1520]" captionTargetId-0="figure-131@70.[151,1436,453,1135]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@72.[151,1437,181,1602]" captionTargetId-2="figure-88@74.[151,1437,345,797]" captionTargetId-3="figure-20@76.[214,1374,181,1705]" captionTargetId-4="figure-146@81.[151,1436,453,1674]" captionTargetId-5="figure-20@82.[175,1412,181,1920]" captionTargetId-6="figure-16@85.[151,1436,181,1421]" captionTargetId-7="figure-376@86.[151,1437,957,1520]" captionTargetPageId-0="70" captionTargetPageId-1="72" captionTargetPageId-2="74" captionTargetPageId-3="76" captionTargetPageId-4="81" captionTargetPageId-5="82" captionTargetPageId-6="85" captionTargetPageId-7="86" captionText-0="FIGURE 28. Ramulus extensus n. sp. ♂, holotype [NHMB]: A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Terminal abdominal segments seen laterally; C. Terminal abdominal segments seen dorsally; D. Head and orothorax in dorsal aspect." captionText-1="FIGURE 29. Ramulus globosicaput (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907): A. ♀, dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0303-2]; B. ♀, dor- solateral view [coll. FH, No. 0303-1]; C. Terminal abdominal segments of ♀ seen laterally [coll. FH, No. 0303-1]; D. Terminal abdominal segments of ♀ seen dorsally [coll. FH, No. 0303-2]; E. Terminal abdominal segments of ♂ seen laterally [coll. FH, No. 0303-4]; F. Terminal abdominal segments of ♂ seen dorsally [coll. FH, No. 0303-4]; G. Terminal abdominal segments of ♂ seen ventrally [coll. FH, No. 0303-4]; H. Head with antennae and prothorax of ♀ in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0303-2]; J. Head with antennae and prothorax of ♀ in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0303-3]; K. Head and prothorax of ♀ in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0303-2]; L. Head with antennae and prothorax of ♂ in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0303-4]; M. Head with antennae and prothorax of ♂ in lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0303-4]." captionText-2="FIGURE 30. Ramulus melanurus n. sp. ♂, holotype [MNHU]: A. Habitus, dorso-lateral view; B. Terminal abdominal segments seen laterally; C. Head and prothorax seen laterally." captionText-3="FIGURE 31. Ramulus pelengense n. sp.: A. ♀ (PT), dorso-lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0790-5]; B. ♀ (PT), dorso-lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0790-6]; C. ♂ (PT), dorso-lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0790-6]; D. Lateral view of terminal abdominal segments of ♀ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 0790-4]; E. Dorsal view of terminal abdominal segments of ♀ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 0790-4]; F. Ventral view of terminal abdominal segments of ♀ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 0790-4]; G. Lateral view of terminal abdominal segments of ♂ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 0790-3]; H. Dorsal view of terminal abdominal segments of ♂ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 0790-3]; J. Dorsal view of median segment (= abdominal tergum I) of ♂ (HT) [ZSMC];K. Head and prothorax of ♀ (HT) seen dorso-laterally [ZSMC]; L. Head and prothorax of ♂ (HT) in dorsal view [ZSMC];M. Head and prothorax of ♀ (PT) seen dorso-laterally [coll. FH, No. 0790-5]; N. Head with antennae and prothorax of ♀ (PT) seen dorso-laterally [coll. FH, No. 0790-29]; O. Apex of right mesofemur of ♀ (PT) seen intero-laterally [coll. FH, No. 0790-4]." captionText-4="FIGURE 32. Ramulus togianense n. sp.: A. ♀ (PT), dorso-lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0733-4]; B. ♀ (PT), dorso-lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0733-]; C. ♂ (HT), dorso-lateral view [ZSMC]; D. Lateral view of terminal abdominal segments of ♀ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 0733-31]; E. Dorsal view of terminal abdominal segments of ♀ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 0733-31]; F. Ventral view of terminal abdominal segments of ♀ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 0733-31]; G. Lateral view of terminal abdominal segments of ♂ (HT) [ZSMC]; H. Dorsal view of terminal abdominal segments of ♂ (HT) [ZSMC]; J. Head and prothorax of ♀ (HT) seen dorsolaterally [ZSMC]; K. Head and prothorax of ♀ (PT) seen dorso-laterally [coll. FH, No. 0733-30]; L. Apex of right mesofemur of ♀ (PT) seen intero-laterally [coll. FH, No. 0733-6]." captionText-5="FIGURE 33. Ramulus togianense n. sp., live insects: A. ♀ (inset: head and prothorax); B. Close up of head, pro- and mesothorax of ♂; C. ♂." captionText-6="FIGURE 34. Ramulus torajanus n. sp.: A. ♀ (PT), lateral view [coll. FH, No. 1064-3]; B. ♂ (PT), lateral view [coll. FH, No. 1064-4]; C. Lateral view of terminal abdominal segments of ♀ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 1064-3]; D. Dorsal view of terminal abdominal segments of ♀ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 1064-3]; E. Ventral view of terminal abdominal segments of ♀ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 1064- 3]; F. Lateral view of terminal abdominal segments of ♂ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 1064-2]; G. Dorsal view of terminal abdominal segments of ♂ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 1064-2]; H. Ventral view of terminal abdominal segments of ♂ (PT) [coll. FH, No. 1064-2]; J. Apex of right mesofemur of ♀ (PT) seen intero-laterally [coll. FH, No. 1064-63]; K. Head and prothorax of ♂ (PT) in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 1064-5]; K. Head and prothorax of ♂ (PT) in dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 1064-5]; L. Head and prothorax of ♂ (PT) in dorso-lateral view [coll. FH, No. 1064-8]." captionText-7="FIGURE 35. Ramulus spp., eggs: A. R. globosicaput (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), dorsal view [coll. FH, No. 0303-E]; B. R. globosicaput (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), lateral view [coll. FH, No. 0303-E]; C. R. torajanus n. sp., dorsal view (PT) [coll. FH, No. 1064-E]; D. R. torajanus n. sp., lateral view (PT) [coll. FH, No. 1064-E]; E. R. togianense n. sp., dorsal view (PT) [coll. FH, No. 0733-E]; F. R. togianense n. sp., lateral view (PT) [coll. FH, No. 0733-E]; G. R. pelengense n. sp., dorsal view (PT) [coll. FH, No. 0790-E]; H. R. pelengense n. sp., lateral view (PT) [coll. FH, No. 0790-E];" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5760698" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5760702" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5760704" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5760706" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5760708" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5760710" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5760712" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5760714" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5760698/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5760702/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5760704/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5760706/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5760708/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5760710/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/5760712/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/5760714/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figs. 2835</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36F8FFB59D13FF405FB8FE87F111" blockId="68.[151,1436,466,521]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B906EAEAFFB59D13FF405FB8FE94F2F2" bold="true" box="[151,295,466,490]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Type-species:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C724D7BFFB59D13FEE75FB8FD72F2F2" authority="Saussure, 1862: 472" authorityName="Saussure" authorityPageNumber="472" authorityYear="1862" box="[304,705,466,490]" class="Insecta" family="Bacillidae" genus="Bacillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humberti">
<emphasis id="B906EAEAFFB59D13FEE75FB8FE54F2F2" box="[304,487,466,490]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Bacillus humberti</emphasis>
Saussure, 1862: 472
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="4C724D7BFFB59D13FD3E5FB8FC78F2F2" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[745,971,466,490]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ramulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudoporus">
<emphasis id="B906EAEAFFB59D13FD3E5FB8FC78F2F2" box="[745,971,466,490]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Ramulus pseudoporus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B09FFB59D13FC0C5FB8FB07F2F2" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[987,1204,466,490]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref129426" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Phasmidae. Printed by order of the Trustee, London, 195 pp., 40 pls." type="book" year="1859">Westwood, 1859: 42</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 4: 6)], by original monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686573FFB59D13FF405C5EFDADF0B3" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCD36F8FFB59D13FF405C5EFB28F07C" blockId="68.[151,1437,564,868]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B906EAEAFFB59D13FF405C5EFE91F156" bold="true" box="[151,290,564,590]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Comments:</emphasis>
This is one of the most speciose genera of Australasian
<taxonomicName id="4C724D7BFFB59D13FC5F5C5EFBAFF156" authorityName="Jacobson &amp; Bianchi" authorityYear="1902" box="[904,1052,564,590]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmatodea" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Phasmatodea</taxonomicName>
and due to intraspecific variability in
<specimenCount id="9D74FD71FFB59D13FF645C32FF6EF16A" box="[179,221,600,626]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
and strong sexual dimorphism obviously comprises numerous synonyms that have yet to be revealed. There-fore, the entire genus deserves a comprehensive revision at the species level.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B09FFB59D13FBD45C10FB6FF18D" author="Gunther, K." box="[1027,1244,634,661]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="54 - 92" refId="ref126636" refString="Gunther, K. (1938) Orthoptera Celebica Sarasiniana, II. Phasmoidae. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Basel, 49, 54 - 92." type="journal article" year="1938">Günther (1938: 58)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B09FFB59D13FAC25C10FEAFF1AF" author="Hennemann, F. H." pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="95 - 128" refId="ref126862" refString="Hennemann, F. H. (1998) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Phasmidenfauna von Sulawesi. Mit einem Katalog der bisher bekanntgewordenen Arten. Mitteilungen des Museums fur Naturkunde Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 74 (1), 95 - 128. https: // doi. org / 1010.1002 / mmnz. 19980740109" type="journal article" year="1998">Hennemann (1998: 124)</bibRefCitation>
have listed the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D7BFFB59D13FD9E5CF6FD18F1AE" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1862" box="[585,683,668,694]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ramulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EAEAFFB59D13FD9E5CF6FD18F1AE" box="[585,683,668,694]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Ramulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded from
<collectingRegion id="49B6F81AFFB59D13FC8C5CF6FC77F1AE" box="[859,964,668,694]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
. A list of all species that have so far been recorded from Wallacea is presented below. The author is aware of at least four further potentially undescribed species from
<collectingRegion id="49B6F81AFFB59D13FEDE5C88FEC2F1E4" box="[265,369,738,764]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
, but while one is only known from the
<specimenCount id="9D74FD71FFB59D13FCF85C88FCEAF1E4" box="[815,857,738,764]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
and is not unlikely be the opposite sex of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D7BFFB59D13FAED5C88FEE5F006" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ramulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="supernumerarius">
<emphasis id="B906EAEAFFB59D13FAED5C88FEE5F006" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Ramulus supernumerarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907; see comments on this species below), the other three species are only known from single rather incomplete
<specimenCount id="9D74FD71FFB59D13FDAD5D42FD3CF05A" box="[634,655,808,834]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="male"></specimenCount>
specimens. It is hope that more material of this genus from
<collectingRegion id="49B6F81AFFB59D13FAE05D4DFA2FF059" box="[1335,1436,807,833]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
becomes available to increase our knowledge of the true diversity of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D7BFFB59D13FC4C5D20FC4EF07C" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1862" box="[923,1021,842,868]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Ramulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EAEAFFB59D13FC4C5D20FC4EF07C" box="[923,1021,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Ramulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the island.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36F8FFB59D13FF405DFAFDADF0B3" blockId="68.[151,542,912,939]" box="[151,542,912,939]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B906EAEAFFB59D13FF405DFAFDADF0B3" bold="true" box="[151,542,912,939]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Species recorded from Wallacea:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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