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<document id="C6763A84EF738B3DE6240AEA2E600B47" ID-CLB-Dataset="162549" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5195.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c0f41ff6-556c-4638-9e5e-260d0f035fdf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7184659" ID-ZooBank="9201D79E-FAA0-404A-9A83-D570BFFA167F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1665471953383" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Flórez-V, Camilo" docDate="2022" docId="03DB87CBFF86FFDE07F8F9251022FC0A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5195.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5195 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Oropedium Flórez-V 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="146" masterDocId="FFE2FFB3FF87FFDD076FFFE31513FFE7" masterDocTitle="A new genus and a new species of treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from the páramo of Tatamá in Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="154" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="144" updateTime="1699407225213" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="02BF543CDB109563F601B7B4F005A62E">A new genus and a new species of treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae) from the páramo of Tatamá in Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DCA63204CF7EB903D1A19A8E15B44339">Flórez-V, Camilo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B30F205E6019DB101D2F5DE080E6A05F">Grupo Biología CES, Colecciones Biológicas de la Universidad CES, Calle 10 A No. 22 - 04, Medellín-Antioquia, Colombia. kmilofv @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6091 - 8150 &amp; Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvannia State University, 548 ASI Building, University Park, PA, USA, 16802.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="034A3BEA4A4DE9C915E2A2C7AFAD21FE">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DB87CBFF86FFDE07F8F9251022FC0A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7186004" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202591850" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7186004" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB87CBFF86FFDE07F8F9251022FC0A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DB87CBFF86FFDE07F8F9251022FC0A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<subSubSection id="C3686556FF86FFDC07F8F9251486F906" box="[151,405,1734,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF86FFDC07F8F9251486F906" blockId="1.[151,965,1734,1797]" box="[151,405,1734,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<heading id="D08581B1FF86FFDC07F8F9251486F906" bold="true" box="[151,405,1734,1761]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF86FFDC07F8F9251486F906" bold="true" box="[151,405,1734,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF86FFDC07F8F9251433F906" authority="Flórez-V, 2022" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,288,1734,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Oropedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF86FFDC07F8F9251433F906" bold="true" box="[151,288,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Oropedium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23557B4FF86FFDC0648F9241486F906" box="[295,405,1735,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3686556FF86FFDC07F8F90916D6F8E2" box="[151,965,1770,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="description">
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<uri id="FFE33ADFFF86FFDC07F8F90916D6F8E2" box="[151,965,1770,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFD40C08FF86FFDC06C8F90916D6F8E2" box="[423,965,1770,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">26B00DDC-7120-4773-95BF-14BFEA067C62</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3686556FF86FFDC07F8F8D3177AF8A0" box="[151,617,1839,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF86FFDC07F8F8D3177AF8A0" blockId="1.[151,617,1839,1864]" box="[151,617,1839,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<typeStatus id="54C9887FFF86FFDC07F8F8D315DAF8AF" box="[151,201,1840,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF86FFDC0649F8CC1701F8A0" authority="Flórez-V, 2022" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2022" box="[294,530,1839,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Oropedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatamaense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF86FFDC0649F8CC1701F8A0" box="[294,530,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Oropedium tatamaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF86FFDC0576F8CC177AF8A0" bold="true" box="[537,617,1839,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23557B4FF86FFDC0576F8CC177AF8A0" box="[537,617,1839,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686556FF86FFDF07F8F89611E6FEFA" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="1" pageNumber="144" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF86FFDF07F8F89611E6FEFA" blockId="1.[151,1436,1909,2008]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2019]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF86FFDC07F8F8961407F868" bold="true" box="[151,276,1909,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="144">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Head octogonal, area around ocelli convex above, concave below; supra-antennal ledges and inferior margin of frontoclypeus foliaceous, slightly folded forward. Pronotum plateau-shaped anteriorly, metopidium outline in lateral view vertical, forming almost an angle of 90º, descending abruptly at posterior third to the acute posterior process apex; one dorsolateral carina on each side, extended from dorsomedial carina above metopidium to above humeral angles; humeral angles triangular, slightly laterally produced; lateral surface of pronotal posterior process undulate. Forewing vein R initially divided into R
<subScript id="17F63498FF85FFDF0457FF121670FF18" attach="left" box="[824,867,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">1+2+3</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="17F63498FF85FFDF04DEFF1216D8FF18" attach="left" box="[945,971,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">4+5</subScript>
. Pro- and mesothoracic tibia foliaceous. Metathoracic tibia with row I and II of cucullate setae enlarged as spines. Abdomen finely punctate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686556FF85FFDF07A8FEC517A0FCDE" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF85FFDF07A8FEC5108FFCF2" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF07A8FEC51448FEA7" bold="true" box="[199,347,294,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Description:</emphasis>
Male.
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF06C6FEC414F5FEA6" box="[425,486,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF85FFDF069BFEC4172BFEA6" box="[500,568,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1077,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oropedium tatamaense sp. nov. A) Frontal view, B) dorsal view, C) lateral view, D) frontolateral view. lc: lateral carinae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
): Octagonal in frontal view, area around ocelli convex above, concave below; supra-antennal ledges and inferior margin of frontoclypeus foliaceous, slightly folded forward.
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF038CFEA81027FE82" box="[1251,1332,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF85FFDF0229FEA8109EFE82" box="[1350,1421,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1077,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oropedium tatamaense sp. nov. A) Frontal view, B) dorsal view, C) lateral view, D) frontolateral view. lc: lateral carinae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
): Pronotum plateau-shaped, metopidium forming an angle of 90º with dorsal outline, descending abruptly at posterior third to the apically acute posterior process; dorsomedial carina elevated and foliaceous; one dorsolateral carina, extended from dorsomedial carina above metopidium to above humeral angles; humeral angles triangular, slightly laterally produced; lateral surface of pronotal posterior process undulate, slightly depressed behind humeral angles, then inflated at anterior 1/3, depressed behind and then slightly inflated again at posterior 1/3 and then depressed again toward apex of posterior process. Forewing vein R initially divided into R
<subScript id="17F63498FF85FFDF0375FDD61156FDA4" attach="left" box="[1050,1093,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">1+2+3</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="17F63498FF85FFDF03E1FDD611BBFDA4" attach="left" box="[1166,1192,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">4+5</subScript>
, 2 m-cu crossveins, 1 s crossvein, often with one or two additional r-m crossveins and/or irregular veins toward apex, clavus acuminate. Hindwing with 1 r-m and 1 m-cu crossvein, first and third apical cell slightly longer than second apical cell. Tibia foliaceous, tarsi subequal in length, metathoracic tibia with cucullate setal row III smaller than rows I and II, rows I and II enlarged as spines.
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF06A5FD501727FD2A" box="[458,564,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF85FFDF052CFD50179BFD2A" box="[579,648,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,345,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-358@7.[151,1436,345,1905]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male abdomen and genitalia of Oropedium tatamaense sp. nov.: Abdomen views: A) Dorsal, B) ventral, C) lateral. Pygofer views: D) ventral, E) lateral. Subgenital plate views: F) ventral, G) dorsolateral. Styles views: H) ventral, I) dorsal, J) lateral. Aedeagus views: K) lateral, L) posterolateral, M) anterolateral, N) caudal. tr: transversal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184667/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
): Male genitalia. Subgenital plate divided almost from base, each lobe barely narrowing at apex; lateral plate suboval, globular; style apex hooklike, slender throughout; aedeagus Ushaped, broad throughout, with minute teeth on anterior and anterolateral surfaces of the apex of the posterior arm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF85FFDF07A8FCFC17A0FCDE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2019]" box="[199,691,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Female, egg masses, and nymphs unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686556FF85FFDF07A8FCA111AEFCBA" box="[199,1213,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF85FFDF07A8FCA111AEFCBA" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2019]" box="[199,1213,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF07A8FCA11470FCBB" bold="true" box="[199,355,834,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F365764DFF85FFDF0605FCA01717FCBA" box="[362,516,835,861]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49B6F83FFF85FFDF0561FCA0176FFCBA" box="[526,636,835,861]" country="Colombia" name="Risaralda" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Risaralda</collectingRegion>
: Santuario (páramo de Tatamá,
<quantity id="4C8A9B38FF85FFDF04B1FCA11147FCBA" box="[990,1108,834,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="m" value="3750.0">3750 masl</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF85FFDF0305FCA011BFFCBA" box="[1130,1196,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[177,1420,248,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-43@4.[167,1420,237,1731]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Known record of Oropedium tatamaense sp. nov. The arrow indicates Piedra Bomba (3750 masl), the place where specimens were collected." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184661/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686556FF85FFDF07A8FC851611FC66" box="[199,770,870,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF85FFDF07A8FC851611FC66" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2019]" box="[199,770,870,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF07A8FC851486FC67" bold="true" box="[199,405,870,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Species included:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF06F3FC8417B1FC67" authority="Flórez-V, 2022" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2022" box="[412,674,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Oropedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatamaense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF06F3FC8417B1FC67" box="[412,674,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Oropedium tatamaense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF05C7FC841611FC66" bold="true" box="[680,770,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23557B4FF85FFDF05C7FC841611FC66" box="[680,770,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686556FF85FFDF07A8FC68160BFC2E" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF85FFDF07A8FC68160BFC2E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF07A8FC681441FC42" bold="true" box="[199,338,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF06B9FC681746FC42" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2022" box="[470,597,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Oropedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF06B9FC681746FC42" box="[470,597,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Oropedium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the Latin word
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF0419FC6816FDFC42" box="[886,1006,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">oropedium</emphasis>
, which means “plateau”. It denotes to the plateau-shape of the pronotum. The gender is neutral.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686556FF85FFDE07A8FC301022FC0A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF85FFDF07A8FC301148FAEA" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF07A8FC30142EFC0A" bold="true" box="[199,317,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Remarks:</emphasis>
The new genus
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0687FC301774FC0A" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2022" box="[488,615,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Oropedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF0687FC301774FC0A" box="[488,615,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Oropedium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0416FC301100FC0A" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[889,1043,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Membracinae">Membracinae</taxonomicName>
based on the following combination of characters: pronotum well-developed, covering scutellum, wider at humeral angles than head width, forewing with two m-cu crossveins, metathoracic tibia with cucullate setal row III greatly reduced in comparison with rows I and II (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF07F0FBDC146EFBBE" author="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; McKamey, S. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L." box="[159,381,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="213 - 239" refId="ref5837" refString="Dietrich, C. H., McKamey, S. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L. (2001) Morphology - based phylogeny of the treehopper family Membracidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea). Systematic Entomology, 26, 213 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2001.00140. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
Dietrich
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF066CFBDC1427FBBE" box="[259,308,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
). Following
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF0566FBDC1677FBBE" author="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; McKamey, S. H." box="[521,868,1086,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref5787" refString="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; McKamey, S. H. (1995) Two new Neotropical treehopper genera and investigation of the phylogeny of the subfamily Membracinae (Homoptera: Membracidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1995">Dietrich and McKamey (1995)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF0400FBDC1018FBBE" author="Creao-Duarte, A. J. &amp; Sakakibara, A. M." box="[879,1291,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="823 - 846" refId="ref5613" refString="Creao-Duarte, A. J. &amp; Sakakibara, A. M. (1998). Analise cladistica dos generos de Membracinae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Membracidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 15 (4), 823 - 846." type="journal article" year="1998">Creão-Duarte and Sakakibara (1998)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF022FFBDC1432FB9A" author="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; McKamey, S. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L." pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="213 - 239" refId="ref5837" refString="Dietrich, C. H., McKamey, S. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L. (2001) Morphology - based phylogeny of the treehopper family Membracidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea). Systematic Entomology, 26, 213 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2001.00140. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
Dietrich
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF07F8FB8015D4FB9A" box="[151,199,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. (2001)
</bibRefCitation>
, this genus could be related to
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF051DFB80161DFB9A" authorityName="Goding" authorityYear="1892" box="[626,782,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aconophorini">Aconophorini</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF045FFB8016DBFB9A" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1929" box="[816,968,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hypsoprorini">Hypsoprorini</taxonomicName>
, based on R vein divided in R
<subScript id="17F63498FF85FFDF027EFB96102FFB64" attach="left" box="[1297,1340,1141,1155]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">1+2+3</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="17F63498FF85FFDF02ECFB96108EFB64" attach="left" box="[1411,1437,1141,1155]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">4+5</subScript>
on forewings, the non-clavate metathoracic tibia, and metathoracic tarsi subequal in length to pro- and mesothoracic tarsi. Despite overall body shape resemble species in
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0580FB48166BFB22" box="[751,888,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Membracini">Membracini</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF04D7FB481130FB23" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1894" box="[952,1059,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Leioscyta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF04D7FB481130FB23" box="[952,1059,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Leioscyta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0335FB4811F8FB22" authorityName="Stål" authorityYear="1869" box="[1114,1259,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" genus="Tropidoscyta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF0335FB4811F8FB22" box="[1114,1259,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Tropidoscyta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0244FB48108FFB22" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1323,1436,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Talipedini">Talipedini</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF07BCFB2C1421FB0E" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[211,306,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Erechtia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF07BCFB2C1421FB0E" box="[211,306,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Erechtia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0623FB2C14D8FB0E" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2022" box="[332,459,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Oropedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF0623FB2C14D8FB0E" box="[332,459,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Oropedium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits a unique combination of characters, and a comprehensive phylogenetic and taxonomic revision of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF06FBFB10173DFAEA" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[404,558,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Membracinae">Membracinae</taxonomicName>
will be necessary to establish its correct position.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF85FFDF07A8FAF41470F992" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF07A8FAF41455FAD6" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2022" box="[199,326,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Oropedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF07A8FAF41455FAD6" box="[199,326,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Oropedium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0560FAF417BAFAD6" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[527,681,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Membracinae">Membracinae</taxonomicName>
tribes by the following characters: the new genus lacks a lateroapical carinae in the pronotum (unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0532FAD817C1FAB2" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[605,722,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Talipedini">Talipedini</taxonomicName>
; Sakakibara 2012); the lateral edges of the metathoracic tibia are parallel and tarsi are subequal in length, different from the metathoracic tibia clavate like
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF038DFABC14C1FA7A" authority="(McKamey and Deitz 1996)" baseAuthorityName="McKamey and Deitz" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hoplophorionini">
Hoplophorionini (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF07F0FA6014DAFA7A" author="McKamey, S. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L." box="[159,457,1411,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="295 - 342" refId="ref6270" refString="McKamey, S. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L. (1996) Generic revision of the New World tribe Hoplophorionini (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Membracinae). Systematic Entomology, 21, 295 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1996. tb 00602. x" type="journal article" year="1996">McKamey and Deitz 1996</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
or club shaped like
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF05DCFA6016EFFA7A" authority="(Sakakibara 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[691,1020,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Talipedini">Talipedini (Sakakibara 2012)</taxonomicName>
; the pronotum covers a small portion of the apical limbus of the forewing, the apical limbus does not extended over the clavus and the abdomen is finely punctate (unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF06F6FA281721FA02" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1929" box="[409,562,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hypsoprorini">Hypsoprorini</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF0553FA281696FA02" author="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; McKamey, S. H." box="[572,901,1482,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref5787" refString="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; McKamey, S. H. (1995) Two new Neotropical treehopper genera and investigation of the phylogeny of the subfamily Membracinae (Homoptera: Membracidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1995">Dietrich and McKamey 1995</bibRefCitation>
); the pronotum has a dorsolateral carina on each side, the metopidium outline in lateral view is vertical, forming almost an angle of 90º with dorsal outline (unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF07F8F9F01425F9CA" authorityName="Goding" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,310,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aconophorini">Aconophorini</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF062DF9F01746F9CA" author="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L." box="[322,597,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref5744" refString="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L. (1991) Revision of the Neotropical treehopper tribe Aconophorini (Homoptera: Membracidae). North Carolina Agricultural research Service Technical Bulletin, 293, 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1991">Dietrich and Deitz 1991</bibRefCitation>
); and the R vein of forewing is initially divides into R
<subScript id="17F63498FF85FFDF03D8F9C611F1F9D4" attach="left" box="[1207,1250,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">1+2+3</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="17F63498FF85FFDF0243F9C61055F9D4" attach="left" box="[1324,1350,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">4+5</subScript>
(unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF07F8F9D41433F9B6" box="[151,288,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Membracini">Membracini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF063AF9D414D9F9B6" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[341,458,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Talipedini">Talipedini</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF06BBF9D4160EF9B6" author="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; McKamey, S. H." box="[468,797,1590,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref5787" refString="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; McKamey, S. H. (1995) Two new Neotropical treehopper genera and investigation of the phylogeny of the subfamily Membracinae (Homoptera: Membracidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1995">Dietrich and McKamey 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF0448F9D411A0F9B6" author="Creao-Duarte, A. J. &amp; Sakakibara, A. M." box="[807,1203,1591,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="823 - 846" refId="ref5613" refString="Creao-Duarte, A. J. &amp; Sakakibara, A. M. (1998). Analise cladistica dos generos de Membracinae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Membracidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 15 (4), 823 - 846." type="journal article" year="1998">Creão-Duarte and Sakakibara 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF03D2F9D4108BF9B6" author="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; McKamey, S. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L." box="[1213,1432,1591,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="213 - 239" refId="ref5837" refString="Dietrich, C. H., McKamey, S. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L. (2001) Morphology - based phylogeny of the treehopper family Membracidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea). Systematic Entomology, 26, 213 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2001.00140. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
Dietrich
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF0270F9D41043F9B6" box="[1311,1360,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
, Sakakibara 2012).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF85FFDF07A8F99C1168F83A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
The forewing R vein divided into R
<subScript id="17F63498FF85FFDF0537F9721790F978" attach="left" box="[600,643,1681,1695]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">1+2+3</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="17F63498FF85FFDF05A2F97217F5F978" attach="left" box="[717,742,1681,1695]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">4+5</subScript>
is consistent among the
<specimenCount id="9D74FD54FF85FFDF0497F99C11BFF97E" box="[1016,1196,1663,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
examined in the new genus, and this branching pattern is like in
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF051AF9401607F95A" authorityName="Goding" authorityYear="1892" box="[629,788,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aconophorini">Aconophorini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0471F94016A0F95A" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1929" box="[798,947,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hypsoprorini">Hypsoprorini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0486F94011B7F95A" baseAuthorityName="McKamey and Deitz" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1001,1188,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hoplophorionini">Hoplophorionini</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF85FFDF03DCF9401022F95A" box="[1203,1329,1698,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Frontal view: A) Aconophora flavipes (Aconophorini), B) Enchenopa concolor (Membracini), C) Philya sp. (Hypsoprorini), D) Talipes fenestratus (Talipedini), E) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini). F) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini). Lateral view: G) A. flavipes, H) E. concolor, I) Philya sp., J) T. fenestratus. ac: accessory carinae; apl: apical limbus; cl: clavus; fc: frontoclypeus; ha: humeral angles; irr: irregular carinae; lap: lateral apical carina; lc: lateral carina; Rb: vein R bifurcation; sa: supra-antennal ledges; shc: suprahumeral carina; *: extra-crossveins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184671/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Fig. 5G, 5I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF85FFDF0253F940104CF95A" box="[1340,1375,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Lateral view: A) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini); B) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini), C) Leioscyta cf. spiralis (Membracini). Lateral view abdomen: D) Bolbonota sp.; E) Notocera crassicornis (Hypsoprorini); F) Cladonota apicalis (Hypsoprorini). mst: mesothoracic tarsus; mtt: metathoracic tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184675/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">6B</figureCitation>
), and different to
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0670F9241483F906" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[287,400,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Talipedini">Talipedini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF06A4F9241747F906" box="[459,596,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Membracini">Membracini</taxonomicName>
where the R vein initially divided into R
<subScript id="17F63498FF85FFDF035EF93A112AF900" attach="left" box="[1073,1081,1753,1767]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">1</subScript>
and Rs (
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF85FFDF03CCF9241034F906" box="[1187,1319,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Frontal view: A) Aconophora flavipes (Aconophorini), B) Enchenopa concolor (Membracini), C) Philya sp. (Hypsoprorini), D) Talipes fenestratus (Talipedini), E) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini). F) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini). Lateral view: G) A. flavipes, H) E. concolor, I) Philya sp., J) T. fenestratus. ac: accessory carinae; apl: apical limbus; cl: clavus; fc: frontoclypeus; ha: humeral angles; irr: irregular carinae; lap: lateral apical carina; lc: lateral carina; Rb: vein R bifurcation; sa: supra-antennal ledges; shc: suprahumeral carina; *: extra-crossveins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184671/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Fig. 5H, 5J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF85FFDF025AF9241048F906" box="[1333,1371,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Lateral view: A) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini); B) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini), C) Leioscyta cf. spiralis (Membracini). Lateral view abdomen: D) Bolbonota sp.; E) Notocera crassicornis (Hypsoprorini); F) Cladonota apicalis (Hypsoprorini). mst: mesothoracic tarsus; mtt: metathoracic tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184675/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">6A</figureCitation>
). The branching pattern of vein R is apparently constant among tribes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF0407F90811E4F8E2" author="Creao-Duarte, A. J. &amp; Sakakibara, A. M." box="[872,1271,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="823 - 846" refId="ref5613" refString="Creao-Duarte, A. J. &amp; Sakakibara, A. M. (1998). Analise cladistica dos generos de Membracinae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Membracidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 15 (4), 823 - 846." type="journal article" year="1998">Creão-Duarte and Sakakibara 1998</bibRefCitation>
). Phylogenetic analyses have shown
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF06E6F8EC170DF8CE" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1929" box="[393,542,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hypsoprorini">Hypsoprorini</taxonomicName>
as the sister group of the other
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF04EEF8EC1108F8CE" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[897,1051,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Membracinae">Membracinae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF0346F8EC101BF8CE" author="Dietrich, C. H. &amp; McKamey, S. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L." box="[1065,1288,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="213 - 239" refId="ref5837" refString="Dietrich, C. H., McKamey, S. H. &amp; Deitz, L. L. (2001) Morphology - based phylogeny of the treehopper family Membracidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea). Systematic Entomology, 26, 213 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.2001.00140. x" type="journal article" year="2001">
Dietrich
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF03E1F8EC11ACF8CE" box="[1166,1215,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
, 2017;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF0235F8EC15EAF8AA" author="Lin, C &amp; Danforth, B. N. &amp; Wood, T. K." pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="400 - 421" refId="ref6160" refString="Lin, C - P., Danforth, B. N. &amp; Wood, T. K. (2004) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution of Maternal Care in Membracine Treehoppers. Systematic Biology, 53 (3), 400 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10635150490445869" type="journal article" year="2004">
Lin
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF02E7F8EC15BEF8AA" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
). Then,
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF063DF8D014FDF8AA" authorityName="Goding" authorityYear="1892" box="[338,494,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aconophorini">Aconophorini</taxonomicName>
has been recovered as the sister group of a clade comprising
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF03C8F8D01071F8AA" baseAuthorityName="McKamey and Deitz" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1191,1378,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hoplophorionini">Hoplophorionini</taxonomicName>
+Tali pedini+
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0783F8B41728F896" authority="(Lin et al. 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Lin" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[236,571,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Membracini">
Membracini (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B2CFF85FFDF06EAF8B41720F896" author="Lin, C &amp; Danforth, B. N. &amp; Wood, T. K." box="[389,563,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" pagination="400 - 421" refId="ref6160" refString="Lin, C - P., Danforth, B. N. &amp; Wood, T. K. (2004) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution of Maternal Care in Membracine Treehoppers. Systematic Biology, 53 (3), 400 - 421. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10635150490445869" type="journal article" year="2004">
Lin
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF06D9F8B414FBF896" box="[438,488,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, while another phylogeny has recovered
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0363F8B411D4F896" baseAuthorityName="McKamey and Deitz" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[1036,1223,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hoplophorionini">Hoplophorionini</taxonomicName>
as the sister group of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF07DAF8981442F872" authorityName="Goding" authorityYear="1892" box="[181,337,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aconophorini">Aconophorini</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF0630F89814C1F872" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[351,466,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Talipedini">Talipedini</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF068FF8981676F872" authority="(Dietrich et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Dietrich" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[480,869,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Membracini">
Membracini (Dietrich
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF85FFDF05B0F8981601F872" box="[735,786,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. 2017)
</taxonomicName>
. The relationships within this clade have not been resolved consistently, and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF85FFDF06A9F87C175CF85E" box="[454,591,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Membracini">Membracini</taxonomicName>
has not been recovered as monophyletic in these analyses. Although this clade it is not fully resolved, it seems that bifurcation of R
<subScript id="17F63498FF85FFDF044CF8361638F804" attach="left" box="[803,811,2005,2019]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">1</subScript>
and Rs is a derived character.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF84FFDE07A8FF741021FE6E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
The overall shape of the new genus resembles species in
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE041DFF7416CEFF57" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1894" box="[882,989,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Leioscyta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE041DFF7416CEFF57" box="[882,989,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Leioscyta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some species of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE038EFF741068FF56" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1249,1403,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Membracinae">Membracinae</taxonomicName>
in
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE07F8FF581422FF32" box="[151,305,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">incertae sedis</emphasis>
(see Sakakibara 2012 for a complete list of these species) which exhibit a lateral carinae on each side of the pronotum and lack accessory carinae (like
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE05AAFF3C1650FF1E" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[709,835,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Enchenopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE05AAFF3C1650FF1E" box="[709,835,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Enchenopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-related groups,
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE0493FF3C1140FF1E" box="[1020,1107,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Frontal view: A) Aconophora flavipes (Aconophorini), B) Enchenopa concolor (Membracini), C) Philya sp. (Hypsoprorini), D) Talipes fenestratus (Talipedini), E) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini). F) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini). Lateral view: G) A. flavipes, H) E. concolor, I) Philya sp., J) T. fenestratus. ac: accessory carinae; apl: apical limbus; cl: clavus; fc: frontoclypeus; ha: humeral angles; irr: irregular carinae; lap: lateral apical carina; lc: lateral carina; Rb: vein R bifurcation; sa: supra-antennal ledges; shc: suprahumeral carina; *: extra-crossveins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
) or suprahumeral carinae (as
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE07F8FEE01418FEFA" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[151,267,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Talipedini">Talipedini</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE0678FEE01475FEFA" box="[279,358,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Frontal view: A) Aconophora flavipes (Aconophorini), B) Enchenopa concolor (Membracini), C) Philya sp. (Hypsoprorini), D) Talipes fenestratus (Talipedini), E) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini). F) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini). Lateral view: G) A. flavipes, H) E. concolor, I) Philya sp., J) T. fenestratus. ac: accessory carinae; apl: apical limbus; cl: clavus; fc: frontoclypeus; ha: humeral angles; irr: irregular carinae; lap: lateral apical carina; lc: lateral carina; Rb: vein R bifurcation; sa: supra-antennal ledges; shc: suprahumeral carina; *: extra-crossveins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
). However, the branching pattern of vein R in these species is different from that in
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE0278FEE01085FEFA" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2022" box="[1303,1430,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Oropedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE0278FEE01085FEFA" box="[1303,1430,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Oropedium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where the R vein initially divided into R
<subScript id="17F63498FF84FFDE0505FEDA1761FEA0" attach="left" box="[618,626,313,327]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">1</subScript>
and Rs seems to be consistent among
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE035CFEC411EAFEA6" box="[1075,1273,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE035CFEC4118DFEA7" box="[1075,1182,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Leioscyta</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE0265FEC41070FEA6" box="[1290,1379,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Lateral view: A) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini); B) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini), C) Leioscyta cf. spiralis (Membracini). Lateral view abdomen: D) Bolbonota sp.; E) Notocera crassicornis (Hypsoprorini); F) Cladonota apicalis (Hypsoprorini). mst: mesothoracic tarsus; mtt: metathoracic tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184675/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE07F8FEA81422FE82" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,305,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Membracinae">Membracinae</taxonomicName>
species in
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE06C5FEA8175FFE82" box="[426,588,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">incertae sedis.</emphasis>
This branching pattern along with other features such as the octagonal head, pronotum plateau-shaped, abdomen finely punctate distinguish the new genus from this group of species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF84FFDE07A8FE7011A9FDDA" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
This genus also differs in other external traits. The frontoclypeus is wider than long and subfoliaceous, different from
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE07BAFE541479FE36" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1929" box="[213,362,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hypsoprorini">Hypsoprorini</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE0616FE5414DCFE36" box="[377,463,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Frontal view: A) Aconophora flavipes (Aconophorini), B) Enchenopa concolor (Membracini), C) Philya sp. (Hypsoprorini), D) Talipes fenestratus (Talipedini), E) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini). F) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini). Lateral view: G) A. flavipes, H) E. concolor, I) Philya sp., J) T. fenestratus. ac: accessory carinae; apl: apical limbus; cl: clavus; fc: frontoclypeus; ha: humeral angles; irr: irregular carinae; lap: lateral apical carina; lc: lateral carina; Rb: vein R bifurcation; sa: supra-antennal ledges; shc: suprahumeral carina; *: extra-crossveins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
) and many
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE053BFE5417CEFE36" box="[596,733,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Membracini">Membracini</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE0472FE5416B2FE36" box="[797,929,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Frontal view: A) Aconophora flavipes (Aconophorini), B) Enchenopa concolor (Membracini), C) Philya sp. (Hypsoprorini), D) Talipes fenestratus (Talipedini), E) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini). F) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini). Lateral view: G) A. flavipes, H) E. concolor, I) Philya sp., J) T. fenestratus. ac: accessory carinae; apl: apical limbus; cl: clavus; fc: frontoclypeus; ha: humeral angles; irr: irregular carinae; lap: lateral apical carina; lc: lateral carina; Rb: vein R bifurcation; sa: supra-antennal ledges; shc: suprahumeral carina; *: extra-crossveins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 5B, 5E</figureCitation>
), while the supra-antennal ledges are slightly expanded over the frontoclypeus (
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE0575FE381766FE12" box="[538,629,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1077,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oropedium tatamaense sp. nov. A) Frontal view, B) dorsal view, C) lateral view, D) frontolateral view. lc: lateral carinae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184665/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). The abdominal terga do not bear dorsal fenestrae or tuberosities as in some
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE07B8FE1C1465FDFE" authorityName="Goding" authorityYear="1892" box="[215,374,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aconophorini">Aconophorini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE0610FE1C14E3FDFE" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[383,496,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Talipedini">Talipedini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE054BFE1C17F1FDFE" baseAuthorityName="McKamey and Deitz" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[548,738,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hoplophorionini">Hoplophorionini</taxonomicName>
, and they are finely punctate (
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE0342FE1C1197FDFE" box="[1069,1156,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,345,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-358@7.[151,1436,345,1905]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male abdomen and genitalia of Oropedium tatamaense sp. nov.: Abdomen views: A) Dorsal, B) ventral, C) lateral. Pygofer views: D) ventral, E) lateral. Subgenital plate views: F) ventral, G) dorsolateral. Styles views: H) ventral, I) dorsal, J) lateral. Aedeagus views: K) lateral, L) posterolateral, M) anterolateral, N) caudal. tr: transversal ridge." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184667/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
), contrary to the coarsely punctate pronotum in
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE06E1FDC01730FDDA" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1929" box="[398,547,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hypsoprorini">Hypsoprorini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE0536FDC017F1FDDA" box="[601,738,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Membracini">Membracini</taxonomicName>
species related to
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE04DEFDC01135FDDA" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[945,1062,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Bolbonota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE04DEFDC01135FDDA" box="[945,1062,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Bolbonota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE035AFDC011BDFDDA" box="[1077,1198,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Lateral view: A) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini); B) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini), C) Leioscyta cf. spiralis (Membracini). Lateral view abdomen: D) Bolbonota sp.; E) Notocera crassicornis (Hypsoprorini); F) Cladonota apicalis (Hypsoprorini). mst: mesothoracic tarsus; mtt: metathoracic tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184675/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 6DF</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF84FFDE07A8FDA41779FCF2" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
Other features of the new genus resemble species in other groups. The overall shape of the head and pronotum of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE07D8FD881425FD62" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2022" box="[183,310,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Oropedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE07D8FD881425FD62" box="[183,310,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Oropedium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles some
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE0695FD881778FD62" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[506,619,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Talipedini">Talipedini</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE05C1FD8816A1FD62" box="[686,946,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Talipes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculatus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE05C1FD8816A1FD62" box="[686,946,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Talipes appendiculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE0484FD881199FD62" box="[1003,1162,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE0484FD881195FD62" box="[1003,1158,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Talipes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestratus">T. fenestratus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE03FCFD8811F7FD62" box="[1171,1252,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Frontal view: A) Aconophora flavipes (Aconophorini), B) Enchenopa concolor (Membracini), C) Philya sp. (Hypsoprorini), D) Talipes fenestratus (Talipedini), E) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini). F) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini). Lateral view: G) A. flavipes, H) E. concolor, I) Philya sp., J) T. fenestratus. ac: accessory carinae; apl: apical limbus; cl: clavus; fc: frontoclypeus; ha: humeral angles; irr: irregular carinae; lap: lateral apical carina; lc: lateral carina; Rb: vein R bifurcation; sa: supra-antennal ledges; shc: suprahumeral carina; *: extra-crossveins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
). It has a lateral carina at each side as in
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE06D8FD6C173BFD4E" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[439,552,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Talipedini">Talipedini</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE0555FD6C1798FD4E" box="[570,651,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Frontal view: A) Aconophora flavipes (Aconophorini), B) Enchenopa concolor (Membracini), C) Philya sp. (Hypsoprorini), D) Talipes fenestratus (Talipedini), E) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini). F) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini). Lateral view: G) A. flavipes, H) E. concolor, I) Philya sp., J) T. fenestratus. ac: accessory carinae; apl: apical limbus; cl: clavus; fc: frontoclypeus; ha: humeral angles; irr: irregular carinae; lap: lateral apical carina; lc: lateral carina; Rb: vein R bifurcation; sa: supra-antennal ledges; shc: suprahumeral carina; *: extra-crossveins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
) and some
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE047BFD6C168EFD4E" box="[788,925,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Membracini">Membracini</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE0486FD6C1174FD4E" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[1001,1127,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Enchenopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE0486FD6C1174FD4E" box="[1001,1127,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Enchenopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE0318FD6C140BFD2A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE0318FD6C100FFD4E" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[1143,1308,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Enchophyllum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Enchophyllum</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE0245FD6C108BFD4F" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1894" box="[1322,1432,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Leioscyta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leioscyta</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE07F8FD501407FD2A" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,276,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Tritropidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tritropidia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE064DFD50146DFD2A" box="[290,382,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Frontal view: A) Aconophora flavipes (Aconophorini), B) Enchenopa concolor (Membracini), C) Philya sp. (Hypsoprorini), D) Talipes fenestratus (Talipedini), E) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini). F) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini). Lateral view: G) A. flavipes, H) E. concolor, I) Philya sp., J) T. fenestratus. ac: accessory carinae; apl: apical limbus; cl: clavus; fc: frontoclypeus; ha: humeral angles; irr: irregular carinae; lap: lateral apical carina; lc: lateral carina; Rb: vein R bifurcation; sa: supra-antennal ledges; shc: suprahumeral carina; *: extra-crossveins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
). The forewing has extra crossveins like some
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE04F1FD50114AFD2A" baseAuthorityName="McKamey and Deitz" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[926,1113,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hoplophorionini">Hoplophorionini</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE0305FD5011D0FD2A" box="[1130,1219,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Lateral view: A) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini); B) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini), C) Leioscyta cf. spiralis (Membracini). Lateral view abdomen: D) Bolbonota sp.; E) Notocera crassicornis (Hypsoprorini); F) Cladonota apicalis (Hypsoprorini). mst: mesothoracic tarsus; mtt: metathoracic tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184675/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE0268FD50108FFD2A" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1929" box="[1287,1436,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hypsoprorini">Hypsoprorini</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE07F0FD3415FDFD16" box="[159,238,726,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Frontal view: A) Aconophora flavipes (Aconophorini), B) Enchenopa concolor (Membracini), C) Philya sp. (Hypsoprorini), D) Talipes fenestratus (Talipedini), E) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini). F) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini). Lateral view: G) A. flavipes, H) E. concolor, I) Philya sp., J) T. fenestratus. ac: accessory carinae; apl: apical limbus; cl: clavus; fc: frontoclypeus; ha: humeral angles; irr: irregular carinae; lap: lateral apical carina; lc: lateral carina; Rb: vein R bifurcation; sa: supra-antennal ledges; shc: suprahumeral carina; *: extra-crossveins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
). The metathoracic tibia is subfoliaceous and tarsi are subequal in length like some
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE03F3FD341036FD16" box="[1180,1317,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Membracini">Membracini</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE025AFD34109CFD16" box="[1333,1423,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1801,1825]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1777]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Lateral view: A) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini); B) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini), C) Leioscyta cf. spiralis (Membracini). Lateral view abdomen: D) Bolbonota sp.; E) Notocera crassicornis (Hypsoprorini); F) Cladonota apicalis (Hypsoprorini). mst: mesothoracic tarsus; mtt: metathoracic tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184675/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE07F8FD181420FCF2" authorityName="Goding" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,307,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Aconophorini">Aconophorini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE0606FD1814EDFCF2" authorityName="Haupt" authorityYear="1929" box="[361,510,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hypsoprorini">Hypsoprorini</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE0561FD18174FFCF2" box="[526,604,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[174,1413,181,1829]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Some important morphological traits in Membracinae. Frontal view: A) Aconophora flavipes (Aconophorini), B) Enchenopa concolor (Membracini), C) Philya sp. (Hypsoprorini), D) Talipes fenestratus (Talipedini), E) Bolbonota sp. (Membracini). F) Alchisme grossa (Hoplophorionini). Lateral view: G) A. flavipes, H) E. concolor, I) Philya sp., J) T. fenestratus. ac: accessory carinae; apl: apical limbus; cl: clavus; fc: frontoclypeus; ha: humeral angles; irr: irregular carinae; lap: lateral apical carina; lc: lateral carina; Rb: vein R bifurcation; sa: supra-antennal ledges; shc: suprahumeral carina; *: extra-crossveins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36DDFF84FFDE07A8FCFC1022FC0A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
The single species of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE06ACFCFC1751FCDE" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2022" box="[451,578,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Oropedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE06ACFCFC1751FCDE" box="[451,578,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Oropedium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has irregular and not well pronounced carinae in the posterior third of the posterior pronotal process (
<figureCitation id="13492A58FF84FFDE06A3FCA0175BFCBA" box="[460,584,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1077,1101]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[151,1436,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oropedium tatamaense sp. nov. A) Frontal view, B) dorsal view, C) lateral view, D) frontolateral view. lc: lateral carinae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7184665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7184665/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Fig. 3BD</figureCitation>
). Using different light sources and views, it is possible to observe variation in the carinae among the three examined specimens. Members of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE0400FC8416F3FC66" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[879,992,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Talipedini">Talipedini</taxonomicName>
exhibit one pair of latero-apical carinae at the posterior third of posterior process (Sakakibara 2012). However, this carina in talipedines is well-marked, parallel to the lateral margins and merges with the median carina at the apex of the posterior process (Sakakibara 2012), while in
<taxonomicName id="4C724D5EFF84FFDE0627FC3014D4FC0A" authorityName="Flórez-V" authorityYear="2022" box="[328,455,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Oropedium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EACFFF84FFDE0627FC3014D4FC0A" box="[328,455,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Oropedium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this carina is irregular, barely elevated and not parallel to the lateral margins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>