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<document id="41A1850551E3719CDED90F3F49AAF32D" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2024.2388791" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14241324" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1732836998606" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, AbdulAziz M. A., Georgiadis, Christos, Nasser, Mohamed G. &amp; Aldawood, Abdulrahman S." docDate="2024" docId="03D9FD3BFFB4FF9DFE70FC57AE47FE07" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.58.41-44.1705-1786.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 58 (41 - 44)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2388791" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Monomorium subopacum" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="1754" masterDocId="FFE08543FF9BFFACFFE7FFABAD31FF9B" masterDocTitle="Filling gaps in global myrmecology: ants of the Kingdom of Bahrain (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="1786" masterPageNumber="1705" pageNumber="1752" updateTime="1732842936398" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8FB393AC746074B27A06CF6C7D67A9D9">Filling gaps in global myrmecology: ants of the Kingdom of Bahrain (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="59CDF266C14F51ABE699D0D56A521F9D">Sharaf, Mostafa R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4422A78A3815F996D28E917C4257BD57">Wetterer, James K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="30EE9C01986E4DBB35EF578595CC4E98">Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="0C8D719DD77AA88D3C7B31EF4BE42B80">Agriculture Affairs, Ministry of Municipalities Affairs and Agriculture, Kingdom of Bahrain;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="FA1898A48E841CE70B1C846D14C711DD">Section of Zoology-Marine Biology and Zoological Museum, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="74A994CAC549F7C7A39987924C0CF591">Nasser, Mohamed G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="228D44F5DE24100ED30E86D5D880F3A3">Research Laboratory of Biogeography and Wildlife Parasitology (RLBWP), Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Egypt</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FCF5E0E31C61112E292279A5ABD08A7F">Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DD639262128A719085D239D7BD644684">Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B8E5C429EDF9BD799736DE92CC40E0DC">2024</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFB4FF83FE70FC57AEBDFB8C" blockId="47.[407,908,1020,1047]" box="[407,908,1020,1047]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">
<heading id="D087FB41FFB4FF83FE70FC57AEBDFB8C" box="[407,908,1020,1047]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFFB4FF83FE70FC57AEBDFB8C" ID-CoL="73PZC" authority="(Smith, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[407,908,1020,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subopacum">
<emphasis id="B904903FFFB4FF83FE70FC57AFD0FB8C" bold="true" box="[407,737,1020,1047]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">Monomorium subopacum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFB4FF83FD17FC57AEB2FB8C" author="Smith F" box="[752,899,1020,1047]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752" refId="ref24766" refString="Smith F. 1858. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum; p. 216. doi: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20858." type="journal volume" year="1858">Smith, 1858</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFB4FF83FDA8FB98AFE5FBD5" blockId="47.[591,724,1075,1102]" box="[591,724,1075,1102]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">
(
<figureCitation id="134B50A8FFB4FF83FDB0FB98AFFDFBD5" box="[599,716,1075,1102]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="48.[160,227,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[386,929,144,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-3@48.[384,932,142,1722]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Figure 30. Monomorium subopacum. Worker. (A) Body in profile. (B) Head in full-face view, ANTWEB1041896, AntWeb.org (Michele Esposito). (C) Distribution map." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241385/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">Figure 30</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FFB4FF83FF27FBC2A919FB19" box="[192,1064,1129,1154]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFB4FF83FF27FBC2A919FB19" blockId="47.[192,1064,1129,1154]" box="[192,1064,1129,1154]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB606B03FFB4FF83FF27FBC2A919FB19" box="[192,1064,1129,1154]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD16A3CFFB4FF83FF27FBC2AF5CFB19" author="Smith F" box="[192,621,1129,1154]" page="127" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752" year="1858">
<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFFB4FF83FF27FBC2AF5CFB19" ID-CoL="CMD57" authority="Smith, 1858, p. 127" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1858" box="[192,621,1129,1154]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subopaca">
<emphasis id="B904903FFFB4FF83FF27FBC2ACBFFB19" box="[192,398,1129,1154]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">Myrmica subopaca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFB4FF83FE71FBC2AF2AFB19" author="Smith F" box="[406,539,1129,1154]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752" refId="ref24766" refString="Smith F. 1858. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum; p. 216. doi: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20858." type="journal volume" year="1858">Smith, 1858</bibRefCitation>
, p. 127
</taxonomicName>
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(w.q.)
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(
<collectingRegion id="49B482CFFFB4FF83FCC2FBC2AEB0FB19" box="[805,897,1129,1154]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">Madeira</collectingRegion>
I.). Palaearctic.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FFB4FF83FF47FB1FAC6BFA5B" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFB4FF83FF47FB1FAC25FB55" blockId="47.[160,1156,1204,1472]" box="[160,276,1204,1230]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">
<emphasis id="B904903FFFB4FF83FF47FB1FAC25FB55" bold="true" box="[160,276,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFB4FF83FF47FB7CAC6BFA5B" blockId="47.[160,1156,1204,1472]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">
<emphasis id="B904903FFFB4FF83FF47FB7CADCFFB6A" bold="true" box="[160,254,1239,1265]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">Worker.</emphasis>
This species can be recognised by the following characters: colour brown, varying in shade but usually gaster darker than head and mesosoma; eyes with 911 ommatidia in longest row; mesosoma in profile with metanotal groove feebly impressed; cephalic dorsum without standing setae behind level of frontal; mesosoma without standing setae; petiole and postpetiole each with a single pair of setae; first gastral tergite with an apical transverse row of setae; cephalic surface reticulate-granulate to shagreenate-punctulate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FFB4FF9DFF47FA59A92CFF51" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="1754" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFB4FF83FF47FA59AC4EF997" blockId="47.[160,408,1522,1583]" box="[160,383,1522,1548]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">
<emphasis id="B904903FFFB4FF83FF47FA59AC4EF997" bold="true" box="[160,383,1522,1548]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">Material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFB4FF83FF47F9BDACA9F9B4" blockId="47.[160,408,1522,1583]" box="[160,408,1558,1583]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">Four sites: 2; 9; 15; 31.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFB4FF83FF47F9CAA9B5F95B" blockId="47.[160,1156,1633,1728]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">
<emphasis id="B904903FFFB4FF83FF47F9CAAC4DF9E0" bold="true" box="[160,380,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">Geographic range.</emphasis>
Species widely distributed in North Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, and the Afrotropical, Malagasy, and
<collectingRegion id="49B482CFFFB4FF83FDB2F92EAF81F905" box="[597,688,1669,1694]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">Oriental</collectingRegion>
regions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFB4FF83FCC4F92EAE83F905" author="Bolton B" box="[803,946,1669,1694]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752" pagination="263 - 452" refId="ref18907" refString="Bolton B. 1987. A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: formicidae). Bull Br Mus Nat Hist Entomol. 54: 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton 1987</bibRefCitation>
). On the Arabian Peninsula, the species was recorded from the
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFFB4FF83FD29F90CAFCBF95B" box="[718,762,1703,1728]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">KSA</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFB4FF83FCEAF90CAED5F95B" author="Collingwood CA" box="[781,996,1703,1728]" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752" pagination="230 - 302" refId="ref19269" refString="Collingwood CA. 1985. Hymenoptera: fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna Saudi Arabia. 7: 230 - 302. doi: 10.5281 / zenodo. 26692." type="journal article" year="1985">Collingwood 1985</bibRefCitation>
; Sharaf
<emphasis id="B904903FFFB4FF83FBAEF90CA94CF95B" box="[1097,1149,1703,1728]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="1752">et al</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFABFF9CFF47F971AE50F895" blockId="48.[160,1157,1754,1806]" pageId="48" pageNumber="1753">
<emphasis id="B904903FFFABFF9CFF47F971AC21F96A" bold="true" box="[160,272,1754,1777]" pageId="48" pageNumber="1753">Figure 30.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFFABFF9CFEFAF971AF11F96A" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[285,544,1754,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="1753" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subopacum">
<emphasis id="B904903FFFABFF9CFEFAF971AF11F96A" box="[285,544,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="1753">Monomorium subopacum</emphasis>
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. Worker. (A) Body in profile. (B) Head in full-face view, ANTWEB1041896, AntWeb.org (Michele Esposito). (C) Distribution map.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFAAFF9DFF47FF25A92CFF51" blockId="49.[160,1156,142,202]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">
2023),
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFFAAFF9DFF0EFF25AC1CFF3C" box="[233,301,142,167]" name="Oman" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">Oman</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFAAFF9DFEDEFF25AFB3FF3C" author="Collingwood CA &amp; Agosti D" box="[313,642,142,167]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754" pagination="300 - 385" refId="ref19301" refString="Collingwood CA, Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna Saudi Arabia. 15: 300 - 385." type="journal article" year="1996">Collingwood and Agosti 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
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Sharaf
<emphasis id="B904903FFFAAFF9DFD3FFF25AE37FF3C" box="[728,774,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">et al</emphasis>
. 2018b
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFFAAFF9DFC8EFF25AE86FF3C" box="[873,951,142,167]" name="Yemen" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">Yemen</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFAAFF9DFC24FF25AC17FF51" author="Collingwood CA &amp; Agosti D" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754" pagination="300 - 385" refId="ref19301" refString="Collingwood CA, Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna Saudi Arabia. 15: 300 - 385." type="journal article" year="1996">Collingwood and Agosti 1996</bibRefCitation>
), the
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFFAAFF9DFE80FF1AACA7FF51" box="[359,406,177,202]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">UAE</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFAAFF9DFE44FF1AAF9FFF51" author="Collingwood CA &amp; Agosti D &amp; Sharaf MR &amp; van Harten A" box="[419,686,177,202]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754" pagination="405 - 474" refId="ref19333" refString="Collingwood CA, Agosti D, Sharaf MR, van Harten A. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna UAE. 4: 405 - 474. doi: 10.5281 / zenodo. 1168586." type="journal article" year="2011">
Collingwood
<emphasis id="B904903FFFAAFF9DFDDCFF1AAF5BFF51" box="[571,618,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFFAAFF9DFD12FF1AAE02FF51" box="[757,819,177,202]" name="Qatar" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">Qatar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFAAFF9DFCD8FF1AA921FF51" author="Sharaf MR &amp; Abdel-Dayem MS &amp; Mohamed AA &amp; Fisher BL &amp; Aldawood AS" box="[831,1040,177,202]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754" pagination="533 - 560" refId="ref23380" refString="Sharaf MR, Abdel-Dayem MS, Mohamed AA, Fisher BL, Aldawood AS. 2020 a. A preliminary synopsis of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Qatar with remarks on the zoogeography. Ann Zool. 70 (4): 533 - 560. doi: 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2020.70.4.005." type="journal article" year="2020">
Sharaf
<emphasis id="B904903FFFAAFF9DFC68FF1AAE8EFF51" box="[911,959,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">et al</emphasis>
. 2020a
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FFAAFF9DFF47FF5CAE47FE07" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFAAFF9DFF47FF5CAE47FE07" blockId="49.[160,1156,247,412]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">
<emphasis id="B904903FFFAAFF9DFF47FF5CACA4FE8A" bold="true" box="[160,405,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">Ecology and biology.</emphasis>
Little is known about the ecology and biology of the species, but it was reported from a highly degraded site on the Canary Island at
<quantity id="4C88E1C8FFAAFF9DFC9DFEB0AE8EFEAF" box="[890,959,283,308]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFAAFF9DFC2CFEB0A947FEAF" author="Espadaler X" box="[971,1142,283,308]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754" refId="ref20088" refString="Espadaler X. 2007. The ants of El Hierro (Canary Islands). In: Snelling RR, Fisher BL, Ward PS, editors. Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Vol. 80. Gainesville (FL); Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute; p. 690." type="journal volume" year="2007">Espadaler 2007</bibRefCitation>
), whereas in
<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFFAAFF9DFEF8FE96AC52FECD" box="[287,355,317,342]" name="Oman" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">Oman</collectingCountry>
it was found foraging next to an
<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFFAAFF9DFD3EFE96AE10FECD" box="[729,801,317,342]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904903FFFAAFF9DFD3EFE96AE10FECD" box="[729,801,317,342]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tree in a dry valley (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFAAFF9DFBE7FE96ADD7FEE2" author="Sharaf MR &amp; Fisher BL &amp; Al Dhafer HM &amp; Polaszek A &amp; Aldawood AS" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754" refId="ref24206" refString="Sharaf MR, Fisher BL, Al Dhafer HM, Polaszek A, Aldawood AS. 2018 b. Additions to the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Oman: an updated list, new records and a description of two new species. Asian Myrm. 10: e 010004.1 - 38. doi: 10.20362 / am. 010004." type="journal volume" year="2018">
Sharaf
<emphasis id="B904903FFFAAFF9DFBA8FE96A94FFECD" box="[1103,1150,317,342]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">et al</emphasis>
. 2018b
</bibRefCitation>
). The species was described as halophilic in the Sahara (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFAAFF9DFC81FECBA900FEE2" author="Barech G &amp; Khaldi M &amp; Espadaler X &amp; Cagniant H" box="[870,1073,352,377]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754" pagination="151 - 157" refId="ref18638" refString="Barech G, Khaldi M, Espadaler X, Cagniant H. 2017. The genus Monomorium Mayr, 1855 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Maghreb (North Africa): identification key, redescription of Monomorium major Bernard, 1953 and new records from Algeria. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa. 61: 151 - 157." type="journal article" year="2017">
Barech
<emphasis id="B904903FFFAAFF9DFC5BFECBAEDDFEE2" box="[956,1004,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="1754">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
), but it was not collected from saline habitats on the Arabian Peninsula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>