1252 lines
165 KiB
XML
1252 lines
165 KiB
XML
<document id="78E3EA5CDF52BA0D1A0CED7318627C14" ID-CLB-Dataset="276884" ID-DOI="10.3390/d15101104" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3eab15cd-b859-4d4b-a30a-f22e45805215" ID-ISSN="1424-2818" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10128078" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1699643980222" checkinUser="julia" docAuthor="Dehling, J. Maximilian" docDate="2023" docId="03D95A2CFFABDA4CFE4B845CFD173E02" docLanguage="en" docName="Diversity.15.1104.1-16.pdf" docOrigin="Diversity 15 (1104)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15101104" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6EF4DFCDE4191B73C6A60D5CB4A490EE.1:Diversity.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="6EF4DFCDE4191B73C6A60D5CB4A490EE" docStyleName="Diversity.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Arthroleptis nyungwensis Dehling 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFE02254FFA9DA46FFF78049FFD73D75" masterDocTitle="A New Miniature Species of Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1700016958016" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2D1A95BABDD6726002F284679B330CCD">A New Miniature Species of Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="382A684DF3F47D8A123B7CC47C2BCB31" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="05171982D5C8DEC52446FBE063CF7E9D">Dehling, J. Maximilian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6CB00B8B3E46F581F5E61D6A613E20BA">Diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="679FF67E2C461959DAB69467C6FE7031">
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<mods:date id="E2D8EAC0982E0141E406638C39CE3402">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B33C42577C6646F039CDA0F7A792D85F">2023-10-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EA3FDFEBF0262F04107A31EFCD457B2A">1104</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D21A9FD5DF7B82E3D512075B5808C47A" type="DOI">10.3390/d15101104</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D95A2CFFABDA4CFE4B845CFD173E02" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217558482" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D95A2CFFABDA4CFE4B845CFD173E02" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D95A2CFFABDA4CFE4B845CFD173E02" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C36AB8B1FFABDA44FE4B845CFC863958" box="[444,849,1045,1069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFABDA44FE4B845CFC863958" blockId="2.[444,849,1045,1069]" box="[444,849,1045,1069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0875C56FFABDA44FE4B845CFC863958" box="[444,849,1045,1069]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B9043728FFABDA44FE4B845CFC863958" bold="true" box="[444,849,1045,1069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFABDA44FE4B845CFD393958" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[444,750,1045,1069]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9043728FFABDA44FE4B845CFD393958" bold="true" box="[444,750,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Arthroleptis nyungwensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFABDA44FD03845CFC863958" box="[756,849,1045,1069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36AB8B1FFABDA44FE4B847EFB0A3905" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFABDA44FE4B847EFD72393A" blockId="2.[444,1245,1079,1170]" box="[444,677,1079,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Nyungwe Squeaker</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFABDA44FE4B8411FB0A3905" blockId="2.[444,1245,1079,1170]" box="[444,1245,1112,1136]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E8F25561-AD7C-46D8-9107-73F6ED10799C</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36AB8B1FFABDA44FE4B8433FC3B39E4" box="[444,1004,1146,1170]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFABDA44FE4B8433FC3B39E4" blockId="2.[444,1245,1079,1170]" box="[444,1004,1146,1170]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFABDA44FE4B8433FDB539E7" box="[444,610,1146,1170]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFABDA44FE4B8433FDE839E7" box="[444,575,1146,1170]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Arthroleptis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFABDA44FD778433FC6439E7" author="Dehling, D. M. & Dehling, J. M." box="[640,947,1146,1170]" journalOrPublisher="Sci. Rep." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1710" part="13" refId="ref10332" refString="Dehling, D. M.; Dehling, J. M. Elevated alpha diversity in disturbed sites obscures regional decline and homogenization of amphibian taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. Sci. Rep. 2023, 13, 1710. [CrossRef] [PubMed]" title="Elevated alpha diversity in disturbed sites obscures regional decline and homogenization of amphibian taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity" type="journal article" year="2023">Dehling & Sinsch 2023: 13</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[17].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36AB8B1FFABDA44FE0384E0FD553B7A" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFABDA44FE0384E0FCB53876" blockId="2.[442,1497,1192,2087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B18E167FFABDA44FE0384E0FC893876" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4437451302" collectingDate="2014-09-17" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="J. M. Dehling" country="Rwanda" elevation="2200" latitude="-2.4635" location="small stream near Rukuzi" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="29.2293" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="ZFMK 104075" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFABDA44FE0384E0FDB139B4" bold="true" box="[500,614,1193,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
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<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFABDA44FE0384E0FDB139B4" box="[500,614,1193,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD64341FFABDA44FD8D84E0FCF139B5" box="[634,806,1192,1216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ZFMK 104075</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7620B3FFABDA44FCC384E1FC6D39B5" box="[820,954,1192,1216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
, from a
|
||
<location id="8EAFBDE1FFABDA44FBD584E1FA8C39B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D95A2CFFABDA4CFE4B845CFD173E02:8EAFBDE1FFABDA44FBD584E1FA8C39B5" box="[1058,1371,1192,1216]" country="Rwanda" latitude="-2.4635" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="29.2293" name="small stream near Rukuzi" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Western Province">small stream near Rukuzi</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE448DFDFFABDA44FA9B84E1FA0539B4" box="[1388,1490,1192,1217]" degrees="2.4635" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="5" value="-2.4635">2.4635 S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE448DFDFFABDA44FE4B8483FDE73997" box="[444,560,1226,1250]" degrees="29.2293" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="5" value="29.2293">29.2293 E</geoCoordinate>
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||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFABDA44FDCA8483FD413997" box="[573,662,1226,1250]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2200.0">
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<elevation id="005D0C09FFABDA44FDCA8483FD413997" box="[573,662,1226,1250]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<location id="8EAFBDE1FFABDA44FD598482FC0C3997" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D95A2CFFABDA4CFE4B845CFD173E02:8EAFBDE1FFABDA44FD598482FC0C3997" box="[686,987,1226,1251]" country="Rwanda" latitude="-2.4635" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="29.2293" name="Nyungwe National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Western Province">Nyungwe National Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFABDA44FC1E8482FB173997" box="[1001,1216,1226,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Western Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367ABAAFFABDA44FB3A8483FAE43997" box="[1229,1331,1226,1250]" name="Rwanda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="Rwanda">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFCECDFAFFABDA44FE4D84A5FD423871" box="[442,661,1259,1284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-09-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8A3412FFABDA44FE4D84A5FD423871" box="[442,661,1259,1284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-09-17">17 September 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="26858EECFFABDA44FD3784A5FC893876" box="[704,862,1259,1283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J. M. Dehling</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFABDA44FE038544FA6638DE" blockId="2.[442,1497,1192,2087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B18E167FFABDA44FE038544FD843833" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4437451304" collectingDate="2013-03" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="J. M. Dehling" country="Rwanda" latitude="-2.546" longitude="28.989" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="ZFMK 104076" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dehling" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFABDA44FE038544FDA63850" bold="true" box="[500,625,1293,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFABDA44FE038544FDBB3850" box="[500,620,1293,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD64341FFABDA44FD8E8544FCCC3850" box="[633,795,1293,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ZFMK 104076</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7620B3FFABDA44FCD38544FC773850" box="[804,928,1293,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
, from the type locality, collected in
|
||
<date id="FFCECDFAFFABDA44FAD98544FA653850" box="[1326,1458,1293,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2013-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8A3412FFABDA44FAD98544FA653850" box="[1326,1458,1293,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2013-03">March 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="26858EECFFABDA44FE4C8566FD983833" box="[443,591,1326,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J.M. Dehling</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B18E167FFABDA44FDAD8566FAAD381D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4437451303" collectingDate="2018-10-21" collectionCode="ZFMK" collectorName="J. M. Dehling" country="Rwanda" elevation="2000" latitude="-2.546" location="Cyamudongo Forest" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="28.989" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="ZFMK 104077" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Province" typeStatus="Paratypes">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD64341FFABDA44FDAD8566FD2A3832" box="[602,765,1327,1351]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ZFMK 104077</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7620B3FFABDA44FCFF8567FC523833" box="[776,901,1326,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
, from
|
||
<location id="8EAFBDE1FFABDA44FC388567FB6C3833" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D95A2CFFABDA4CFE4B845CFD173E02:8EAFBDE1FFABDA44FC388567FB6C3833" box="[975,1211,1326,1350]" country="Rwanda" latitude="-2.546" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="28.989" name="Cyamudongo Forest" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Western Province">Cyamudongo Forest</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE448DFDFFABDA44FB3F8567FACD3832" box="[1224,1306,1326,1351]" degrees="2.546" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="55" value="-2.546">2.546 S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
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<geoCoordinate id="EE448DFDFFABDA44FAD18566FA513833" box="[1318,1414,1327,1351]" degrees="28.989" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="55" value="28.989">28.989 E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFABDA44FE4B8519FDC3381D" box="[444,532,1360,1384]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2000.0">
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<elevation id="005D0C09FFABDA44FE4B8519FDC3381D" box="[444,532,1360,1384]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFABDA44FDDD8519FD28381D" box="[554,767,1360,1384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Western Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367ABAAFFABDA44FCFC8519FCA6381D" box="[779,881,1360,1384]" name="Rwanda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="Rwanda">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected
|
||
<date id="FFCECDFAFFABDA44FC078519FB66381D" box="[1008,1201,1360,1384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2018-10-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8A3412FFABDA44FC078519FB66381D" box="[1008,1201,1360,1384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2018-10-21">21 October 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="26858EECFFABDA44FB288519FAAD381D" box="[1247,1402,1360,1384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J.M. Dehling</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B18E167FFABDA44FA708519FDE238FC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4437451301" collectingDate="2014-06-14" collectionCode="SMNS" country="Rwanda" latitude="-2.5378" longitude="29.9942" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="SMNS 15743" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Dehling">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD64341FFABDA44FA708519FE2938FC" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SMNS 15743</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B18E167FFABDA44FDC98538FA7A38DE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4437451306" collectingDate="2014-06-14" collectionCode="SMNS" collectorName="J. M. Dehling" country="Rwanda" elevation="1830" latitude="-2.5378" location="Cyamudongo Forest" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="29.9942" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="15744" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Province">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD64341FFABDA44FDC98538FD5338FC" box="[574,644,1393,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">15744</specimenCode>
|
||
, two subadult males, from the edge of
|
||
<location id="8EAFBDE1FFABDA44FB928538FA8B38FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D95A2CFFABDA4CFE4B845CFD173E02:8EAFBDE1FFABDA44FB928538FA8B38FC" box="[1125,1372,1393,1417]" country="Rwanda" latitude="-2.5378" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="29.9942" name="Cyamudongo Forest" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Western Province">Cyamudongo Forest</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE448DFDFFABDA44FA9A8538FA0538FF" box="[1389,1490,1393,1418]" degrees="2.5378" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="5" value="-2.5378">2.5378 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE448DFDFFABDA44FE4B85DAFDFC38DF" box="[444,555,1427,1451]" degrees="29.9942" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="5" value="29.9942">29.9942 E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFABDA44FDC185DAFD5B38DE" box="[566,652,1427,1451]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1830.0">
|
||
<elevation id="005D0C09FFABDA44FDC185DAFD5B38DE" box="[566,652,1427,1451]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1830.0">1830 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFABDA44FD5785DAFCA738DE" box="[672,880,1427,1451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Western Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367ABAAFFABDA44FC8D85DAFC0938DE" box="[890,990,1427,1451]" name="Rwanda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="Rwanda">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected
|
||
<date id="FFCECDFAFFABDA44FBAF85DAFB3D38DE" box="[1112,1258,1427,1451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-06-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8A3412FFABDA44FBAF85DAFB3D38DE" box="[1112,1258,1427,1451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2014-06-14">14 June 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="26858EECFFABDA44FAE285DAFA7A38DE" box="[1301,1453,1427,1451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J.M. Dehling</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFABDA44FE0385FDFD553B7A" blockId="2.[442,1497,1192,2087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B18E167FFABDA44FE0385FDFDA93B7A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4437451305" collectingDate="2010-09-25" collectionCode="JMD" collectorName="J. M. Dehling" country="Rwanda" elevation="1800" location="Kamiranzovu Waterfall Trail" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="JMD 599" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Province">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFABDA44FE0385FDFD1C38B9" bold="true" box="[500,715,1460,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Referred material:</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD64341FFABDA44FD2285FCFCEA38B9" box="[725,829,1460,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">JMD 599</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7620B3FFABDA44FCBF85FDFC1F38B9" box="[840,968,1460,1484]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
, from the
|
||
<location id="8EAFBDE1FFABDA44FBB785FDFA4638B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D95A2CFFABDA4CFE4B845CFD173E02:8EAFBDE1FFABDA44FBB785FDFA4638B9" box="[1088,1425,1460,1484]" country="Rwanda" name="Kamiranzovu Waterfall Trail" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Western Province">Kamiranzovu Waterfall Trail</location>
|
||
, appr.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFABDA44FE4D859FFDDE3898" box="[442,521,1494,1518]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1800.0">
|
||
<elevation id="005D0C09FFABDA44FE4D859FFDDE3898" box="[442,521,1494,1518]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.,
|
||
<location id="8EAFBDE1FFABDA44FDBD859FFC8B389B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D95A2CFFABDA4CFE4B845CFD173E02:8EAFBDE1FFABDA44FDBD859FFC8B389B" box="[586,860,1494,1518]" country="Rwanda" name="Nyungwe National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Western Province">Nyungwe National Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFABDA44FC92859FFBFD389B" box="[869,1066,1494,1518]" country="Rwanda" name="Ouest" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Western Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F367ABAAFFABDA44FBC5859FFB45389B" box="[1074,1170,1494,1518]" name="Rwanda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="Rwanda">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected
|
||
<date id="FFCECDFAFFABDA44FAF4859FFA0F389B" box="[1283,1496,1494,1518]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2010-09-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8A3412FFABDA44FAF4859FFA0F389B" box="[1283,1496,1494,1518]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2010-09-25">25 September 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="26858EECFFABDA44FE1785B1FDA93B7A" box="[480,638,1527,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">J. M. Dehling</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AB8B1FFABDA44FE038650FA0E3AB7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFABDA44FE038650FA0E3AB7" blockId="2.[442,1497,1192,2087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFABDA44FE038650FDA23B44" bold="true" box="[500,629,1561,1585]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFABDA44FBE18650FB413B44" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1849" box="[1046,1174,1561,1585]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFABDA44FBE18650FB413B44" box="[1046,1174,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Arthroleptis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for exhibiting the following morphological characteristics [28]: pedal webbing absent, median dorsal skin raphe present, third finger elongate in adult males, dermal spines present on third finger. The new species differs from all other members of the genus by the combination of the following characteristics: small size (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFABDA44FCF686D6FCE23BC2" box="[769,821,1695,1719]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
of adult males 16.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFABDA44FBC386D7FB483BC2" box="[1076,1183,1694,1719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
); dorsal surfaces of head, trunk, and limbs and lateral surfaces of trunk finely shagreened; tympanum well visible externally; median lingual process absent; legs long, tibiotarsal joint reaching to eye; tibiofibular length equal to foot length; tip of third finger and tips of toes slightly enlarged; inner metatarsal tubercle very small and rounded, outer metatarsal tubercle absent; ventral colour reddish to orange with two slightly concave longitudinal yellow stripes and white dots; advertisement call consisting of single note, lasting 17.4 ± 6.4 [11–32] ms and dominant frequency at 5861 ± 188 [5531–6029] Hz; sequence of the 16S rRNA gene differing from available homologous sequences of other species by uncorrected p-distance of at least 4.6%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AB8B1FFABDA40FE038785FC143FFB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFABDA45FE038785FB243F87" blockId="2.[442,1497,1192,2087]" lastBlockId="3.[443,1496,261,754]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFABDA44FE038785FC9E3A91" bold="true" box="[500,841,1996,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFABDA44FD208785FC933A91" box="[727,836,1996,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFABDA44FBA68785FB6D3A91" box="[1105,1210,1996,2020]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are provided in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F2DE81FFABDA44FA898785FA063A91" box="[1406,1489,1996,2020]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[443,503,795,816]" captionTargetId="graphics-225@3.[95,1490,877,1346]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics of the adult male type specimens of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. (in mm). For abbreviations, see Materials and Methods." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0FBBB2FFAADA45FE4C8352FC733E26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="DF0FBBB2FFAADA45FE4C8352FC733E26">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Very small (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFABDA44FD7287A4FD3A3573" box="[645,749,2029,2054]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) adult male; body slender, widest at temporal region, slightly tapering to groin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFABDA44FD648846FCF33552" box="[659,804,2063,2087]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[444,514,928,950]" captionTargetBox="[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetId="figure-506@4.[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 1A,B</figureCitation>
|
||
); limbs slender; head large (HL/SVL 0.37, HW/SVL 0.33), longer than wide (HW/HL 0.89); snout moderately long (SL/HL 0.41), wider than long (SL/EE 0.79); rostral tip rounded in both dorsal view and lateral view; canthus rostralis moderately distinct, straight between eye and nostril; loreal region oblique; nostrils rounded, directed laterally, situated about halfway between eye and tip of snout (EN/NS 0.97), separated from each other by distance much larger than distance between eye and nostril (NN/EN 1.68); eye directed anterolaterally, hardly protruding, projecting just beyond margins of head in dorsal view, relatively large (ED/HL 0.35), its diameter shorter than snout (ED/SL 0.84); dorsal surface of eye lids slightly above dorsal surface of head in lateral view; interorbital distance much wider than upper eyelid (IO/EW 1.61) and smaller than internarial distance (IO/NN 0.89); tympanum well visible externally, its annulus well defined; upper jaw with dentition; teeth on premaxilla larger than teeth on maxilla; choanae small, rounded, located far anterolaterally at anterolateral margin of roof of mouth, completely covered by maxillary bone, not visible in ventral view; vomer ridges and teeth absent; tongue long and moderately broad, posteriorly expanded, hardly bilobed, free distally for about two-thirds its length; median lingual process absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FBBB2FFAADA45FE4C8352FC733E26" ID-Table-UUID="DF0FBBB2FFAADA45FE4C8352FC733E26" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0FBBB2FFAADA45FE4C8352FC733E26" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[443,503,795,816]" targetBox="[112,1452,887,1337]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAADA45FE4C8352FC733E26" blockId="3.[443,1496,794,851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FE4C8352FDD93E5A" bold="true" box="[443,526,794,816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometrics of the adult male type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAADA45FBDB8353FAF43E45" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[1068,1315,794,816]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FBDB8353FAF43E45" box="[1068,1315,794,816]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Arthroleptis nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFAADA45FADF8352FAAE3E45" box="[1320,1401,795,816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(in mm). For abbreviations, see Materials and Methods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAADA45FF87833EFA75385F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<table id="F970199AFFAA25B9FF87833EFA7B384C" box="[112,1452,887,1337]" gridcols="11" gridrows="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<tr id="3540E978FFAA25B9FF87833EFA7B3EF8" box="[112,1452,887,909]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FF87833EFF0F3EF8" box="[112,216,887,909]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FF87833EFF0F3EF8" bold="true" box="[112,216,887,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">specimen</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FF07833EFE983EF8" box="[240,335,887,909]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FEF78331FE973EF8" bold="true" box="[256,320,888,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">status</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FE71833EFE6E3EF8" box="[390,441,887,909]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FE798331FE663EF8" bold="true" box="[398,433,888,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sex</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FDFF833EFDEF3EF8" box="[520,568,887,909]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FDFF833EFDEF3EF8" bold="true" box="[520,568,887,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SVL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FD7B833EFD643EF8" box="[652,691,887,909]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FD798331FD663EF8" bold="true" box="[654,689,888,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">HL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FCF0833EFCE43EF8" box="[775,819,887,909]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FCF08331FCE43EF8" bold="true" box="[775,819,888,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">HW</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FC8A833EFC6E3EF8" box="[893,953,887,909]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FC728331FC653EF8" bold="true" box="[901,946,888,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">EYE</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FBF2833EFBFA3EF8" box="[1029,1069,887,909]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FBF08331FBFC3EF8" bold="true" box="[1031,1067,888,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TD</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FB74833EFB7B3EF8" box="[1155,1196,887,909]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FB7E833EFB713EF8" bold="true" box="[1161,1190,887,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SL</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FB08833EFAFC3EF8" box="[1279,1323,887,909]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FAF38331FAF03EF8" bold="true" box="[1284,1319,888,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">EN</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FA8D833EFA7B3EF8" box="[1402,1452,887,909]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FA75833EFA723EF8" bold="true" box="[1410,1445,887,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">NS</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540E978FFAA25B9FF8783D5FA7B3EBA" box="[112,1452,924,975]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FF8783D5FF0F3EBA" box="[112,216,924,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ZFMK 104075</th>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FF0783D5FE983EBA" box="[240,335,924,975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">holotype</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FE7183D5FE6E3EBA" box="[390,441,924,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">male</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FDFF83D5FDEF3EBA" box="[520,568,924,975]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">16.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FD7B83D5FD643EBA" box="[652,691,924,975]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FCF083D5FCE43EBA" box="[775,819,924,975]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FC8A83D5FC6E3EBA" box="[893,953,924,975]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FBF283D5FBFA3EBA" box="[1029,1069,924,975]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB7483D5FB7B3EBA" box="[1155,1196,924,975]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB0883D5FAFC3EBA" box="[1279,1323,924,975]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FA8D83D5FA7B3EBA" box="[1402,1452,924,975]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540E978FFAA25B9FF878394FA7B3965" box="[112,1452,989,1040]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FF878394FF0F3965" box="[112,216,989,1040]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ZFMK 104076</th>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FF078394FE983965" box="[240,335,989,1040]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">paratype</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FE718394FE6E3965" box="[390,441,989,1040]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">male</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FDFF8394FDEF3965" box="[520,568,989,1040]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">16.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FD7B8394FD643965" box="[652,691,989,1040]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FCF08394FCE43965" box="[775,819,989,1040]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FC8A8394FC6E3965" box="[893,953,989,1040]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FBF28394FBFA3965" box="[1029,1069,989,1040]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB748394FB7B3965" box="[1155,1196,989,1040]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB088394FAFC3965" box="[1279,1323,989,1040]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FA8D8394FA7B3965" box="[1402,1452,989,1040]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540E978FFAA25B9FF878456FA7B3924" box="[112,1452,1055,1105]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FF878456FF0F3924" box="[112,216,1055,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ZFMK 104077</th>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FF078456FE983924" box="[240,335,1055,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">paratype</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FE718456FE6E3924" box="[390,441,1055,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">male</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FDFF8456FDEF3924" box="[520,568,1055,1105]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">16.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FD7B8456FD643924" box="[652,691,1055,1105]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FCF08456FCE43924" box="[775,819,1055,1105]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FC8A8456FC6E3924" box="[893,953,1055,1105]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FBF28456FBFA3924" box="[1029,1069,1055,1105]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB748456FB7B3924" box="[1155,1196,1055,1105]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB088456FAFC3924" box="[1279,1323,1055,1105]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FA8D8456FA7B3924" box="[1402,1452,1055,1105]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540E978FFAA25B9FF878416FA7B3900" box="[112,1452,1119,1141]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FF878416FF0F3900" box="[112,216,1119,1141]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FF878416FF0F3900" bold="true" box="[112,216,1119,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">specimen</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FF078416FE983900" box="[240,335,1119,1141]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FEF78429FE973900" bold="true" box="[256,320,1120,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">status</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FE718416FE6E3900" box="[390,441,1119,1141]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FE7B8429FE633900" bold="true" box="[396,436,1120,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">NN</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FDFF8416FDEF3900" box="[520,568,1119,1141]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FDE68429FDF93900" bold="true" box="[529,558,1120,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">EE</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FD7B8416FD643900" box="[652,691,1119,1141]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FD7B8429FD643900" bold="true" box="[652,691,1120,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">EW</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FCF08416FCE43900" box="[775,819,1119,1141]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FCF88416FCFB3900" bold="true" box="[783,812,1119,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">IO</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FC8A8416FC6E3900" box="[893,953,1119,1141]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FC8A8429FC6E3900" bold="true" box="[893,953,1120,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">HND</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FBF28416FBFA3900" box="[1029,1069,1119,1141]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FBF28416FBFA3901" bold="true" box="[1029,1069,1119,1140]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3FL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB748416FB7B3900" box="[1155,1196,1119,1141]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FB748429FB7B3900" bold="true" box="[1155,1196,1120,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FoL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB088416FAFC3900" box="[1279,1323,1119,1141]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FB088429FAFC3900" bold="true" box="[1279,1323,1120,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TFL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FA8D8416FA7B3900" box="[1402,1452,1119,1141]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAADA45FA8D8429FA7B3900" bold="true" box="[1402,1452,1120,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">THL</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540E978FFAA25B9FF8784CDFA7B39C2" box="[112,1452,1156,1207]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FF8784CDFF0F39C2" box="[112,216,1156,1207]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ZFMK 104075</th>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FF0784CDFE9839C2" box="[240,335,1156,1207]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">holotype</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FE7184CDFE6E39C2" box="[390,441,1156,1207]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FDFF84CDFDEF39C2" box="[520,568,1156,1207]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FD7B84CDFD6439C2" box="[652,691,1156,1207]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FCF084CDFCE439C2" box="[775,819,1156,1207]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FC8A84CDFC6E39C2" box="[893,953,1156,1207]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FBF284CDFBFA39C2" box="[1029,1069,1156,1207]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB7484CDFB7B39C2" box="[1155,1196,1156,1207]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB0884CDFAFC39C2" box="[1279,1323,1156,1207]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FA8D84CDFA7B39C2" box="[1402,1452,1156,1207]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540E978FFAA25B9FF87848FFA7B398D" box="[112,1452,1222,1272]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FF87848FFF0F398D" box="[112,216,1222,1272]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ZFMK 104076</th>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FF07848FFE98398D" box="[240,335,1222,1272]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">paratype</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FE71848FFE6E398D" box="[390,441,1222,1272]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FDFF848FFDEF398D" box="[520,568,1222,1272]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FD7B848FFD64398D" box="[652,691,1222,1272]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FCF0848FFCE4398D" box="[775,819,1222,1272]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FC8A848FFC6E398D" box="[893,953,1222,1272]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FBF2848FFBFA398D" box="[1029,1069,1222,1272]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB74848FFB7B398D" box="[1155,1196,1222,1272]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB08848FFAFC398D" box="[1279,1323,1222,1272]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FA8D848FFA7B398D" box="[1402,1452,1222,1272]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3540E978FFAA25B9FF87854EFA7B384C" box="[112,1452,1287,1337]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<th id="76918004FFAA25B9FF87854EFF0F384C" box="[112,216,1287,1337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ZFMK 104077</th>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FF07854EFE98384C" box="[240,335,1287,1337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">paratype</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FE71854EFE6E384C" box="[390,441,1287,1337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FDFF854EFDEF384C" box="[520,568,1287,1337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FD7B854EFD64384C" box="[652,691,1287,1337]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FCF0854EFCE4384C" box="[775,819,1287,1337]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FC8A854EFC6E384C" box="[893,953,1287,1337]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FBF2854EFBFA384C" box="[1029,1069,1287,1337]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB74854EFB7B384C" box="[1155,1196,1287,1337]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FB08854EFAFC384C" box="[1279,1323,1287,1337]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76918004FFAA25B9FA8D854EFA7B384C" box="[1402,1452,1287,1337]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAADA45FE03853BFD2E3B44" blockId="3.[443,1496,1394,2088]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Dorsal surfaces of head, trunk, and limbs and lateral surfaces of trunk finely shagreened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFAADA45FDDE85DDFD7738D9" box="[553,672,1428,1452]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[444,514,928,950]" captionTargetBox="[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetId="figure-506@4.[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Figure 1
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAADA45FD7E85DDFD7738D9" box="[649,672,1428,1452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); median skin raphe barely visible on dorsal side in preservative, only discernible on head surface; supratympanic region smooth with no dermal fold; ventral side of head smooth; vocal sac present; chest and anterior part of abdomen smooth, posterior part of abdomen weakly areolate; ventral side of limbs smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFAADA45FAFD85B1FA563B65" box="[1290,1409,1528,1552]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[444,514,928,950]" captionTargetBox="[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetId="figure-506@4.[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Figure 1
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAADA45FA9985B1FA563B65" box="[1390,1409,1528,1552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); short transverse fold above vent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAADA45FE038672FC6D3A4B" blockId="3.[443,1496,1394,2088]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Forelimbs slender; hand small, but with very long third finger (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAADA45FB2D8672FACB3B26" box="[1242,1308,1595,1619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">HND</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAADA45FAD28672FA8A3B26" box="[1317,1373,1595,1619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
0.42); few keratinous spines along lateral sides of third finger; tips of fingers not enlarged into small disc, except slightly in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFAADA45FD388637FCCB3BE3" box="[719,796,1662,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Finger</collectingRegion>
|
||
III; relative length of fingers: I <IV <II <III; subarticular tubercles well developed, numbering one on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFAADA45FC2486E9FBFC3BCD" box="[979,1067,1696,1720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fingers</collectingRegion>
|
||
I and II, three on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFAADA45FB0B86E9FA9E3BCD" box="[1276,1353,1696,1720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Finger</collectingRegion>
|
||
III and two on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFAADA45FE138688FDE63BAC" box="[484,561,1729,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Finger</collectingRegion>
|
||
IV, proximal tubercles on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFAADA45FC808688FC073BAC" box="[887,976,1729,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fingers</collectingRegion>
|
||
III and IV and tubercles on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFAADA45FAC68688FA5D3BAC" box="[1329,1418,1729,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fingers</collectingRegion>
|
||
I and II singular, rounded; distal tubercles on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFAADA45FC6886AAFC2F3B8E" box="[927,1016,1763,1787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fingers</collectingRegion>
|
||
III and IV indistinctly bipartite; fingers without webbing; thenar tubercle small, low and oval; inner palmar tubercle large, low, and rounded, outer palmar tubercle absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAADA45FE03870EFA77355D" blockId="3.[443,1496,1394,2088]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Hind limbs slender, moderately long; heel reaching to level of eye when legs adpressed forwardly to body; crus moderately long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAADA45FC3F8720FC2A3AF4" box="[968,1021,1897,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TFL</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAADA45FBF18720FBEB3AF4" box="[1030,1084,1897,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
0.42), slightly shorter than thigh (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAADA45FE3487C3FE2F3AD7" box="[451,504,1930,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TFL</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAADA45FDF787C3FDEE3AD7" box="[512,569,1930,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">THL</collectionCode>
|
||
0.94); foot length about equal to crus length (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAADA45FBBB87C3FB533AD7" box="[1100,1156,1930,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FOL</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAADA45FB7B87C3FB173AD7" box="[1164,1216,1930,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TFL</collectionCode>
|
||
1.03); relative length of toes: I <II <VI <III <IV; toe tips slightly enlarged into small disks; subarticular tubercles singular, numbering one on Toes I and II, two on Toes III and V, and three on Toe IV; toes without webbing; inner metatarsal tubercle small, rounded and moderately prominent, about one-third length of metatarsus of Toe I; outer metatarsal tubercle indiscernible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FBBB2FFADDA42FE4B83E9FB343968" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[444,514,928,950]" targetBox="[445,959,254,902]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFADDA42FE4B83E9FB343968" blockId="4.[444,1494,928,1053]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FE4B83E9FDCC3EC0" bold="true" box="[444,539,928,950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FDDE83E9FDEB3EC0" bold="true" box="[553,572,928,949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
|
||
) Dorsolateral view and (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FCB283E9FC823EC0" bold="true" box="[837,853,928,949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
|
||
) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFADDA42FAAB83E9FDE93EAD" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FAAB83E9FDE93EAD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Arthroleptis nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFADDA42FDB3838AFD403EAD" box="[580,663,963,984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in life. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FD18838BFCD73EAD" bold="true" box="[751,768,962,984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
|
||
) Dorsolateral view and (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FBFE838BFBCA3EA2" bold="true" box="[1033,1053,962,983]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
|
||
) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFADDA42FE2083ADFD0F3E8F" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[471,728,996,1018]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FE2083ADFD0F3E8F" box="[471,728,996,1018]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Arthroleptis nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFADDA42FD2983ACFCE53E8F" box="[734,818,997,1018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in life. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FC7C83ACFC4D3E8F" bold="true" box="[907,922,997,1018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E</emphasis>
|
||
) Dorsolateral view and (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FB5283ACFB653E8F" bold="true" box="[1189,1202,997,1018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">F</emphasis>
|
||
) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFADDA42FCB3844EFB963969" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[836,1089,1031,1052]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FCB3844EFB963969" box="[836,1089,1031,1052]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Arthroleptis nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFADDA42FBB0844EFB4E3969" box="[1095,1177,1031,1052]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFADDA42FE038409FB653B3A" blockId="4.[443,1497,1088,2050]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FE038409FD35392D" bold="true" box="[500,738,1088,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Colouration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal basic colouration light brown. Slightly darker brown pattern on head and trunk hardly discernible, consisting of dark transversal interorbital bar and faint broad longitudinal band along spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFADDA42FBDC84CAFB7039EE" box="[1067,1191,1155,1179]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[444,514,928,950]" captionTargetBox="[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetId="figure-506@4.[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFADDA42FBDC84CAFB4739EE" box="[1067,1168,1155,1179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFADDA42FB7884CAFB7039EE" box="[1167,1191,1155,1179]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Top of head anterior to interorbital bar lighter brown. Dark brown stripe in straight line along ventral part of canthus rostralis from tip of snout to anterior edge of eye, continued downwardly curved from posterior edge of eye almost to arm insertion, just touching the posterodorsal edge of tympanum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFADDA42FDBD8540FD173854" box="[586,704,1289,1313]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[444,514,928,950]" captionTargetBox="[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetId="figure-506@4.[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFADDA42FDBD8540FD7E3854" box="[586,681,1289,1313]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFADDA42FD5E8540FD173854" box="[681,704,1289,1313]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral sides of head and trunk lighter, greyish to yellowish brown; dorsal side of upper arms and hands yellowish brown. Sides of head and forearm loosely, flanks more or less regularly and densely scattered with small white dots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFADDA42FAE28505FA5B3811" box="[1301,1420,1356,1380]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[444,514,928,950]" captionTargetBox="[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetId="figure-506@4.[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFADDA42FAE28505FAA23811" box="[1301,1397,1356,1380]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFADDA42FA828505FA5B3811" box="[1397,1420,1356,1380]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Base colour of ventral side yellowish brown with tiny dark brown speckles, most densely on ventral side of head; ventral side of head along the jaw and ventral parts of forelimbs darker reddish brown; ventral parts of leg and lateral sides of thigh dark red (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFADDA42FAA385F8FA1D38BC" box="[1364,1482,1457,1481]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[444,514,928,950]" captionTargetBox="[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetId="figure-506@4.[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFADDA42FAA385F8FA6138BC" box="[1364,1462,1457,1481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFADDA42FA4085F8FA1D38BC" box="[1463,1482,1457,1481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); abdomen yellowish brown with two bright yellow longitudinal, slightly concave stripes, faintly merging with each other at posterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFADDA42FBF285BDFBAC3B79" box="[1029,1147,1524,1548]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[444,514,928,950]" captionTargetBox="[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetId="figure-506@4.[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFADDA42FBF285BDFBB03B79" box="[1029,1127,1524,1548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFADDA42FB9F85BDFBAC3B79" box="[1128,1147,1524,1548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); small white dots on ventral side, few on forearm and thigh, densely on lateral sides of abdomen, around cloaca and on tarsus; irregularly shaped yellow flecks on abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFADDA42FBC6867FFB723B3A" box="[1073,1189,1590,1615]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[444,514,928,950]" captionTargetBox="[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetId="figure-506@4.[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B425D8FFADDA42FBC6867FFB453B3A" box="[1073,1170,1590,1615]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 1</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFADDA42FB65867EFB723B3A" box="[1170,1189,1591,1615]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFADDA42FE038611FC893BA1" blockId="4.[443,1497,1088,2050]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FE038611FC903B05" bold="true" box="[500,839,1624,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Colouration in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal basic colouration faded to greyish brown. Darker greyish brown dorsal pattern more conspicuous than in life. Ventral colour faded to uniformly yellowish creme-coloured. Dark brown speckling more conspicuous than in life. Yellow colour pattern indiscernible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFADDA42FE038697FBA93577" blockId="4.[443,1497,1088,2050]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFADDA42FE038697FDBB3B83" bold="true" box="[500,620,1758,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The adult male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFADDA42FCDC8697FC483B83" box="[811,927,1758,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
match the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFADDA42FBA88697FB103B83" box="[1119,1223,1758,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in general appearance, proportions, colouration, and colour pattern. Mensural variation within the species is shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F2DE81FFADDA42FDDB8768FDAC3A4C" box="[556,635,1825,1849]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[443,503,795,816]" captionTargetId="graphics-225@3.[95,1490,877,1346]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics of the adult male type specimens of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. (in mm). For abbreviations, see Materials and Methods." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0FBBB2FFAADA45FE4C8352FC733E26" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="DF0FBBB2FFAADA45FE4C8352FC733E26">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. The dorsal colour pattern was more conspicuous in life in one of the adult males (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFADDA42FDF8870BFD903A2F" box="[527,583,1858,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">JMD</collectionCode>
|
||
599) and in the subadults (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFADDA42FC71870BFBC23A2F" box="[902,1045,1858,1882]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[444,514,928,950]" captionTargetBox="[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetId="figure-506@4.[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Figure 1
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFADDA42FC1F870BFC2A3A2F" box="[1000,1021,1858,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFADDA42FBF6870BFBC23A2F" box="[1025,1045,1858,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the subadult specimens, the sides of the head and the flanks were dark grey in life and there was a black stripe running in a straight line from the nostril to the anterior edge of the eye and slightly ventrally curved from the posterior edge of the eye above the tympanum to the level of the arm insertion; the venter was light yellow in the centre, darkening to dark yellow then orange on the edges, without the conspicuous yellow stripes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFADDA42FC1F87A3FBA53577" box="[1000,1138,2026,2050]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[444,514,928,950]" captionTargetBox="[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetId="figure-506@4.[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Figure 1
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFADDA42FBBE87A3FB8B3577" box="[1097,1116,2026,2050]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFADDA42FB9687A3FBA53577" box="[1121,1138,2026,2050]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">F</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFACDA43FE03814CFB3D3F87" blockId="5.[442,1495,261,754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFACDA43FE03814CFD453C68" bold="true" box="[500,658,261,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bioacoustics.</emphasis>
|
||
Series of advertisement calls of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFACDA43FBB3814CFB663C68" box="[1092,1201,261,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7620B3FFACDA43FB4A814FFABC3C6B" box="[1213,1387,262,286]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">two paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
, another collected and two uncollected males were recorded at different ambient temperatures between 12
|
||
<superScript id="7C054672FFACDA43FDBE810BFD833C20" attach="right" box="[585,596,322,341]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">◦</superScript>
|
||
C and 20
|
||
<superScript id="7C054672FFACDA43FD32810BFD073C20" attach="right" box="[709,720,322,341]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">◦</superScript>
|
||
C. Males called from the leaf litter on the forest floor during both night and day. The most-often-emitted vocalisation was a single note (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFACDA43FAF18123FA563CF7" box="[1286,1409,362,386]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-608@5.[430,1237,769,1234]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FA9D8123FA563CF7" box="[1386,1409,362,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), and I regard this as the advertisement call. The call was repeated in series at irregular intervals of 2.5–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE448DFDFFACDA43FDFF81E4FDEB3CB1" box="[520,572,429,453]" degrees="8.8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="5555" value="-8.8">8.8 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. In most recordings, the note appeared unpulsed or diffusely pulsatile, but in a few instances, two separate pulses were visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFACDA43FC068187FBBD3C93" box="[1009,1130,462,486]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-608@5.[430,1237,769,1234]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FBA58187FBBD3C93" box="[1106,1130,462,486]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The note had a total duration of 17.4 ± 6.4 [11–32] ms (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FD1681B9FD2F3F7D" box="[737,760,496,520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">N</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7620B3FFACDA43FCE281B9FCA63F7D" box="[789,881,496,520]" count="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
|
||
). Individual pulses, when traceable, were separated by an interval of 1 ms duration and had an individual duration of 7 ms (first pulse) and 5 ms (second pulse (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFACDA43FD52827AFCCB3F3E" box="[677,796,563,587]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-608@5.[430,1237,769,1234]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FCF2827AFCCB3F3E" box="[773,796,563,587]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). There was no measurable frequency modulation in shorter notes of less than 20 ms and dominant frequency was at 5861 ± 188 [5531–6029] Hz. A fundamental was present at about 2950 Hz, and harmonics were present at 9000,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE448DFDFFACDA43FA72823FFA053FFB" box="[1413,1490,630,654]" degrees="12,000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="12.0">12,000</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE448DFDFFACDA43FE4D82DEFDD33FDA" box="[442,516,663,687]" degrees="15,000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="15.0">15,000</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, and 18,000 Hz (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFACDA43FD3682DEFCE03FDA" box="[705,823,663,687]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-608@5.[430,1237,769,1234]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FCD782DEFCE03FDA" box="[800,823,663,687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prevalent bandwidth was 5400–6300 Hz. In a few longer notes of more than 30 ms, the dominant frequency increased from 5404 ± 30 [5383–5426] Hz in the first third of the note to 5598 Hz in the last third of the note.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FBBB2FFACDA43FE4B8491FD8D3820" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" targetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFACDA43FE4B8491FD8D3820" blockId="5.[443,1492,1240,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFACDA43FE4B8491FDCB3998" bold="true" box="[444,540,1240,1262]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFACDA43FB5B8491FB683998" bold="true" box="[1196,1215,1240,1261]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
|
||
) an advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFACDA43FE4C84B3FD633865" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[443,692,1274,1296]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFACDA43FE4C84B3FD633865" box="[443,692,1274,1296]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Arthroleptis nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFACDA43FD4D84B2FCDA3865" box="[698,781,1275,1296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFACDA43FCE984B2FCF93865" bold="true" box="[798,814,1275,1296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
|
||
) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFACDA43FD728555FD413847" bold="true" box="[645,662,1308,1330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
|
||
) a variant of the aggressive call, and (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFACDA43FBD98554FB953847" bold="true" box="[1070,1090,1309,1330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</emphasis>
|
||
) a possible female courtship call. See text for details.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFACDA40FE038530FB0A3C4B" blockId="5.[442,1496,1401,2061]" lastBlockId="6.[443,1496,261,888]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
One of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFACDA43FD848530FD3238E4" box="[627,741,1401,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FD048530FC9738E4" box="[755,832,1401,1425]" collectionName="Germany, Bonn, Zoologische Forschungsinstitut und Museum "Alexander Koenig"" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
||
104077) was collected while duetting with another uncollected male. The
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7620B3FFACDA43FD7285D2FD2938C7" box="[645,766,1434,1458]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
emitted a second call
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFACDA43FBF485D2FBE038C6" box="[1027,1079,1435,1459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFACDA43FBB185D3FB0238C7" box="[1094,1237,1434,1458]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-608@5.[430,1237,769,1234]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FB5085D3FB6C38C7" box="[1191,1211,1434,1458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FB3785D3FB0238C7" box="[1216,1237,1434,1458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was impossible to differentiate between the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7620B3FFACDA43FD1F85F5FCB638A1" box="[744,865,1468,1492]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
in the recording, and therefore the following description is based on all recorded calls. The second call
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFACDA43FBEB8597FB863883" box="[1052,1105,1502,1526]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
likewise contained a prominent last note lasting 21.4 ± 10.1 [11–39] ms with the dominant frequency increasing from 5175 ± 197 [4866–5469] Hz in the first third of the note to 5480 ± 130 [5167–5727] Hz in the last third of the note (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFACDA43FD1C860BFCAB3B2F" box="[747,892,1602,1626]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-608@5.[430,1237,769,1234]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FCB8860BFCB43B2F" box="[847,867,1602,1626]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FC90860BFCAB3B2F" box="[871,892,1602,1626]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the main note was always initiated by a note group that had a much lower amplitude and was separated from the main note by an interval of 90.1 ± 13.6 [71–113] ms. The composition of the note group varied considerably. In about half of the recorded calls, it consisted of an uninterrupted series of 1–13 notes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFACDA43FD9C868EFD343B95" box="[619,739,1735,1760]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-608@5.[430,1237,769,1234]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FD278681FD343B95" box="[720,739,1736,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), in the other half, two or three subgroups, each consisting of 1–3 notes, were separated from each other by intervals of 37.3 ± 22.1 [19–86] ms. As calls with both interrupted and uninterrupted pulse groups were recorded in quick succession, these differences were not attributable to the two different calling individuals. Individual notes within the (sub)groups were repeated at a rate of 58.6 ± 4.9 [47.6–62.5] per second, were weakly pulsatile, and had a duration of 8.8 ± 3.3 [4–14] ms. Amplitude increased from the first to the last note of the group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFACDA43FCA987D9FC303ADD" box="[862,999,1936,1960]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-608@5.[430,1237,769,1234]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FC4B87D9FC183ADD" box="[956,975,1936,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FC2487D9FC303ADD" box="[979,999,1936,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), going along with an increase in dominant frequency from 4658 ± 323 [4177–5124] Hz in the first note to 4944 ± 210 [4608–5254] Hz in the last note (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFACDA43FD76879AFCC33A9E" box="[641,788,2003,2027]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-608@5.[430,1237,769,1234]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FD11879AFD2D3A9E" box="[742,762,2003,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFACDA43FD08879AFCC33A9E" box="[767,788,2003,2027]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Whereas the interrupted and uninterrupted note groups sounded like a trill, in one case, two widely separated initial notes had a relatively high amplitude, giving the impression that the main note was rapidly repeated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFAFDA40FAA7814CFA1C3C68" box="[1360,1483,261,285]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-608@5.[430,1237,769,1234]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAFDA40FA42814CFA1C3C68" box="[1461,1483,261,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Total duration of the second call
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFAFDA40FCCD816EFCB93C4A" box="[826,878,295,319]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
was 209.1 ± 40.2 [139–285] ms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAFDA40FE038101FD9F3C93" blockId="6.[443,1496,261,888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
On the same recording, a third call
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFAFDA40FC6F8100FC1A3C14" box="[920,973,329,353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
was identified. It had been recorded a total of three times and was a brief whistle that consisted of a single pulsatile note, lasting 40, 44 and 74 ms. The dominant frequency was markedly modulated, increasing from 3760 ± 108 [3660–3875] Hz in the first third to 4205 ± 25 [4177–4220] Hz in the last third (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFAFDA40FE348187FDEC3C93" box="[451,571,462,486]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-608@5.[430,1237,769,1234]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Figure 2
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAFDA40FDD38187FDEC3C93" box="[548,571,462,486]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D</collectionCode>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAFDA40FE0381A6FC143FFB" blockId="6.[443,1496,261,888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAFDA40FE0381A6FCEB3F72" bold="true" box="[500,828,495,520]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Habitat and natural history</emphasis>
|
||
: Calling males were observed in moist leaf litter of closed-canopy montane forest between 1800 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFAFDA40FC5F8258FC2C3F5C" box="[936,1019,529,553]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. Subadults were found at the forest edge in Cyamudongo Forest. The species is active at both night and day. The reproduction is unknown, but the species is suspected to deposit eggs in moist leaf litter and to undergo direct development without a tadpole stage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AB8B1FFAFDA40FE0382DEFA533FDA" box="[500,1412,663,688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAFDA40FE0382DEFA533FDA" blockId="6.[443,1496,261,888]" box="[500,1412,663,688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAFDA40FE0382DEFDA03FDA" bold="true" box="[500,631,663,687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
: The species is named after Nyungwe Forest in southern Rwanda.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AB8B1FFAFDA40FE0382F1FCB63E02" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAFDA40FE0382F1FCB63E02" blockId="6.[443,1496,261,888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAFDA40FE0382F1FCBC3FA5" bold="true" box="[500,875,696,721]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution and Conservation</emphasis>
|
||
: Despite intensive surveys in Nyungwe Forest and elsewhere in Rwanda [17,29], the species is currently known from only a few localities in the western part of Nyungwe Forest and in Cyamudongo Forest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFAFDA40FB4882B2FAF63E61" box="[1215,1313,763,788]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[444,514,1866,1888]" captionTargetBox="[446,1145,925,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-613@6.[425,1156,914,1852]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Map of Rwanda with major elevation zones and natural water bodies (top) and detail of map showing Nyungwe National Park including Cyamudongo Forest (bottom) in southwestern Rwanda; forested areas are displayed in green. The distribution of the three species of Arthroleptis in Nyungwe National Park and surroundings is indicated by coloured dots at localities where specimens were collected or observed: Arthroleptis adolfifriederici (orange), A. nyungwensis sp. nov. (blue), A. schubotzi (red). Type localities are marked with a white triangle in the centre of the coloured dot. Map courtesy of S. Seidel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128086/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). I propose the species to be classified as “Near Threatened” according to the criteria established by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAFDA40FC058376FBED3E22" box="[1010,1082,831,855]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IUCN</collectionCode>
|
||
) [7] in both the global Red List and the Rwandan national Red List [17].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FBBB2FFAFDA40FE4B8703FDE13558" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10128086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128086/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[444,514,1866,1888]" targetBox="[446,1145,925,1841]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAFDA40FE4B8703FDE13558" blockId="6.[443,1495,1866,2093]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAFDA40FE4B8703FDCE3A2A" bold="true" box="[444,537,1866,1888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of Rwanda with major elevation zones and natural water bodies (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAFDA40FB078703FAC33A2A" bold="true" box="[1264,1300,1866,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">top</emphasis>
|
||
) and detail of map showing Nyungwe National Park including Cyamudongo Forest (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAFDA40FB988724FB6A3AF7" bold="true" box="[1135,1213,1901,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">bottom</emphasis>
|
||
) in southwestern Rwanda; forested areas are displayed in green. The distribution of the three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAFDA40FB2F87C6FA9C3AD1" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1849" box="[1240,1355,1935,1956]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAFDA40FB2F87C6FA9C3AD1" box="[1240,1355,1935,1956]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Arthroleptis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Nyungwe National Park and surroundings is indicated by coloured dots at localities where specimens were collected or observed:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAFDA40FD5F879AFC7B3A9D" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[680,940,2003,2024]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adolfifriederici">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAFDA40FD5F879AFC7B3A9D" box="[680,940,2003,2024]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Arthroleptis adolfifriederici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(orange),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAFDA40FBE0879AFB633A9C" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[1047,1204,2003,2025]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAFDA40FBE0879AFB633A9C" box="[1047,1204,2003,2025]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFAFDA40FB4D879DFADB3A9C" box="[1210,1292,2004,2025]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(blue),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAFDA40FAAB879AFA033A9D" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[1372,1492,2003,2024]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAFDA40FAAB879AFA033A9D" box="[1372,1492,2003,2024]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red). Type localities are marked with a white triangle in the centre of the coloured dot. Map courtesy of S. Seidel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36AB8B1FFAEDA4CFE03814CFD173E02" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAEDA41FE03814CFC533E66" blockId="7.[443,1495,261,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FE03814CFCE03C68" bold="true" box="[500,823,261,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phylogenetic relationships</emphasis>
|
||
: The phylogenetic tree resulting from the ML analysis was well supported by nonparametric bootstrap values (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFAEDA41FBD3816EFB513C4A" box="[1060,1158,295,319]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[444,514,1529,1551]" captionTargetBox="[295,1293,832,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-689@7.[258,1316,784,1529]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Phylogram inferred from mitochondrial nucleotide sequence data of 16S rRNA (563 BP). Numbers below branches are non-parametric bootstrap support values from ML (1000 replicates). Sequences are listed with species name, voucher number, and GenBank accession number, respectively. Specimens of the three species occurring in Rwanda are depicted on the right at the level of their corresponding samples." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128088/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). All samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FAB8816EFD9F3C15" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FAB8816EFD9F3C15" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Arthroleptis nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a clade that was weakly supported as being sister to a clade containing two deeply divergent clades assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FC538123FBFB3CF7" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[932,1068,362,386]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FC538123FBFB3CF7" box="[932,1068,362,386]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one from Rwanda (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FAD58123FA7C3CF7" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[1314,1451,362,386]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FAD58123FA7C3CF7" box="[1314,1451,362,386]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAEDA41FA458123FA1E3CF7" box="[1458,1481,362,386]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</collectionCode>
|
||
), the other from Bwindi, Uganda (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FCBC81C5FC023CD6" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[843,981,395,419]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FCBC81C5FC023CD6" box="[843,981,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAEDA41FC2981C2FC253CD6" box="[990,1010,395,419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B</collectionCode>
|
||
). The three clades are all from montane forests in the central and northern Albertine Rift. They were sister to a clade containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FE4C8186FD563C93" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1933" box="[443,641,462,486]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenodactyloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FE4C8186FD563C93" box="[443,641,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. xenodactyloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FD4D8186FC9A3C93" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1905" box="[698,845,462,486]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenochirus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FD4D8186FC9A3C93" box="[698,845,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. xenochirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFAEDA41FCAC8187FC6D3C93" box="[859,954,462,486]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[444,514,1529,1551]" captionTargetBox="[295,1293,832,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-689@7.[258,1316,784,1529]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Phylogram inferred from mitochondrial nucleotide sequence data of 16S rRNA (563 BP). Numbers below branches are non-parametric bootstrap support values from ML (1000 replicates). Sequences are listed with species name, voucher number, and GenBank accession number, respectively. Specimens of the three species occurring in Rwanda are depicted on the right at the level of their corresponding samples." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128088/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), two species that are distributed from Angola to southern DRC, southern Tanzania and northwards to Kenya. Another sequence assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FE2F8258FCD33F5C" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1933" box="[472,772,529,553]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenodactyloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FE2F8258FCD33F5C" box="[472,772,529,553]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Arthroleptis xenodactyloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was resolved as sister to all aforementioned clades, suggesting that the identification of the source specimens of these three latter sequences need to be revised. The third Rwandan species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FC4F821DFBAE3F19" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[952,1145,596,620]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adolfifriederici">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FC4F821DFBAE3F19" box="[952,1145,596,620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. adolfifriederici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is only distantly related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FE4C823FFDB93FF8" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[443,622,630,653]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FE4C823FFDB93FF8" box="[443,622,630,653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FD5F823FFCE73FFB" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[680,816,630,654]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FD5F823FFCE73FFB" box="[680,816,630,654]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and appears to be most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FAD4823FFA443FF8" authorityName="Grandison" authorityYear="1983" box="[1315,1427,630,653]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FAD4823FFA443FF8" box="[1315,1427,630,653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. tanneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Usambara Mountains in Tanzania (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFAEDA41FC7F82DEFC3D3FDA" box="[904,1002,663,687]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[444,514,1529,1551]" captionTargetBox="[295,1293,832,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-689@7.[258,1316,784,1529]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Phylogram inferred from mitochondrial nucleotide sequence data of 16S rRNA (563 BP). Numbers below branches are non-parametric bootstrap support values from ML (1000 replicates). Sequences are listed with species name, voucher number, and GenBank accession number, respectively. Specimens of the three species occurring in Rwanda are depicted on the right at the level of their corresponding samples." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128088/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FB4B82DEFAB93FDA" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[1212,1390,663,687]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FB4B82DEFAB93FDA" box="[1212,1390,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differed from each other by 0.00–0.54% and from samples of all other species by at least 4.6% in uncorrected p-distance. Samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FCA88293FC313F87" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[863,998,730,754]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FCA88293FC313F87" box="[863,998,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A from Rwanda differed from the sample of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FE2D82B5FD883E66" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[474,607,763,787]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FE2D82B5FD883E66" box="[474,607,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
B from Uganda by 5.6%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FBBB2FFAEDA41FE4B85B0FD273BED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10128088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128088/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[444,514,1529,1551]" targetBox="[295,1293,832,1495]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAEDA41FE4B85B0FD273BED" blockId="7.[444,1496,1529,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FE4B85B0FDCD3B7B" bold="true" box="[444,538,1529,1551]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogram inferred from mitochondrial nucleotide sequence data of 16S rRNA (563 BP). Numbers below branches are non-parametric bootstrap support values from ML (1000 replicates). Sequences are listed with species name, voucher number, and GenBank accession number, respectively. Specimens of the three species occurring in Rwanda are depicted on the right at the level of their corresponding samples.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFAEDA4EFE0386F2FA803F3F" blockId="7.[442,1495,1723,2082]" lastBlockId="8.[442,1497,261,2060]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FE0386F2FCEA3BA6" bold="true" box="[500,829,1723,1747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Morphological comparison</emphasis>
|
||
: The very small size (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFAEDA41FBC886F5FBA43BA1" box="[1087,1139,1724,1748]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
of adult males 16.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFAEDA41FA9F86F2FA193BA1" box="[1384,1486,1723,1748]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FD958694FCC23B80" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[610,789,1757,1781]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FD958694FCC23B80" box="[610,789,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFAEDA41FCEC8697FCAF3B80" box="[795,888,1758,1781]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the other species in the wider region that are larger, i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FDCB86B6FD2F3A63" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[572,760,1790,1814]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adolfifriederici">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FDCB86B6FD2F3A63" box="[572,760,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. adolfifriederici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: males 27.6–32.0 mm;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FBF586B6FAE43A63" authority="Loveridge, 1953" authorityName="Loveridge" authorityYear="1953" box="[1026,1331,1790,1815]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="francei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FBF586B6FBBA3A62" box="[1026,1133,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. francei</emphasis>
|
||
Loveridge, 1953
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFAEDA41FA8886B6FA043A63" box="[1407,1491,1791,1815]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FE4C8769FCCD3A4D" authority="(Laurent, 1976)" baseAuthorityName="Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[443,794,1824,1848]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phrynoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FE4C8769FD813A4D" box="[443,598,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. phrynoides</emphasis>
|
||
(Laurent, 1976)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFAEDA41FC9A8769FC0F3A42" box="[877,984,1824,1848]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.04" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="20.4">20.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FC108769FB2B3A4D" authority="Nieden, 1911" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[999,1276,1824,1848]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reichei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FC108769FB863A4D" box="[999,1105,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. reichei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFAEDA41FBAD8769FB2B3A4D" author="Nieden, F." box="[1114,1276,1824,1848]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Museum in Berlin. Sitzungsberichte Der Ges. Naturforschender Freunde Zu Berl." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="436 - 441" part="1910" refId="ref9625" refString="Nieden, F. Neue ostafrikanische Frosche aus dem Kgl. Zool. Museum in Berlin. Sitzungsberichte Der Ges. Naturforschender Freunde Zu Berl. 1911, 1910, 436 - 441." title="Neue ostafrikanische Frosche aus dem Kgl" type="journal article" year="1911">Nieden, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: males to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFAEDA41FA8B8769FA053A42" box="[1404,1490,1824,1848]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FE4C870BFD963A2C" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[443,577,1857,1881]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FE4C870BFD963A2C" box="[443,577,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: males
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFAEDA41FD6B870BFCEB3A2C" box="[668,828,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0549999999999997" metricValueMax="2.12" metricValueMin="1.9899999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="20.549999999999997" valueMax="21.2" valueMin="19.9">19.9–21.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FC328708FA403A2C" authority="Laurent, 1954" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[965,1431,1857,1881]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Schoutedenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FC328708FB273A2C" box="[965,1264,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Schoutedenella discodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFAEDA41FB00870BFA403A2C" author="Laurent" box="[1271,1431,1857,1881]" firstAuthor="Laurent" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Musee R. Congo Belg. Sci. Zool." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="34 - 40" part="1" refId="ref9104" refString="Laurent, R. F. Remarques sur le genre Schoutedenella Witte. Ann. Musee R. Congo Belg. Sci. Zool. 1954, 1, 34 - 40." title="Remarques sur le genre Schoutedenella Witte" type="journal article" year="1954">Laurent, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with males
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFAEDA41FDFD872AFD493A0E" box="[522,670,1891,1915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.825" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="18.25" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="17.5">17.5–19 mm</quantity>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FD43872AFC203A0E" authority="Boulenger, 1919" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1919" box="[692,1015,1891,1915]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FD43872AFCFC3A0E" box="[692,811,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. spinalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFAEDA41FCC3872AFC203A0E" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[820,1015,1891,1915]" journalOrPublisher="Rev. Zool. Afr." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="186 - 187" part="7" refId="ref9659" refString="Boulenger, G. A. Descriptions d'un ophidien et d'un batracien nouveaux du Congo. Rev. Zool. Afr. 1919, 7, 186 - 187." title="Descriptions d'un ophidien et d'un batracien nouveaux du Congo" type="journal article" year="1919">Boulenger, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: male
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFAEDA41FBBE872AFB643A0F" box="[1097,1203,1891,1915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="21.4">21.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FB36872AFE243AE8" authority="Pfeffer, 1893" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1893" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenodactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FB36872AFAAD3A0E" box="[1217,1402,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. stenodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
Pfeffer, 1893
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: males to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFAEDA41FD9B87CCFD173AE9" box="[620,704,1925,1949]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FD3B87CCFBFD3AE9" authority="Boulenger, 1905" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1905" box="[716,1066,1924,1948]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenochirus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FD3B87CCFCB23AE9" box="[716,869,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. xenochirus</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FB4387CDFDEA3ACB" authority="de Witte, 1921" authorityName="de Witte" authorityYear="1921" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Schoutedenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FB4387CDFA793AE9" box="[1204,1454,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Schoutedenella globosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFAEDA41FA4187CDFDEA3ACB" author="de Witte" firstAuthor="de Witte" journalOrPublisher="Rev. Zool. Afr." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 27" part="9" refId="ref9326" refString="de Witte, G. - F. Description de batraciens nouveaux du Congo Belge. Rev. Zool. Afr. 1921, 9, 1 - 27." title="Description de batraciens nouveaux du Congo Belge" type="journal article" year="1921">de Witte, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FD4B87EFFC0E3ACB" authority="de Witte, 1921" authorityName="de Witte" authorityYear="1921" box="[700,985,1958,1982]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lameeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FD4B87EFFCFB3ACB" box="[700,812,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. lameeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFAEDA41FCC587EFFC0E3ACB" author="de Witte" box="[818,985,1958,1982]" firstAuthor="de Witte" journalOrPublisher="Rev. Zool. Afr." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 27" part="9" refId="ref9326" refString="de Witte, G. - F. Description de batraciens nouveaux du Congo Belge. Rev. Zool. Afr. 1921, 9, 1 - 27." title="Description de batraciens nouveaux du Congo Belge" type="journal article" year="1921">de Witte, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FBE487EFFA743ACB" authority="de Witte, 1933" authorityName="de Witte" authorityYear="1933" box="[1043,1443,1958,1982]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Schoutedenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FBE487EFFB233ACB" box="[1043,1268,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Schoutedenella muta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFAEDA41FB0C87EFFA743ACB" author="de Witte, G. - F." box="[1275,1443,1958,1982]" journalOrPublisher="Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="97 - 103" part="24" refId="ref9950" refString="de Witte, G. - F. Batraciens nouveaux du Congo Belge. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 1933, 24, 97 - 103. [CrossRef]" title="Batraciens nouveaux du Congo Belge" type="journal article" year="1933">de Witte, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see also [5]): males with enlarged third finger
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFAEDA41FC4C878EFB9B3AAA" box="[955,1100,1991,2015]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="20.25" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="16.5">16.5–24 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FBAE8781FA033AAA" authority="Boulenger, 1909" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1909" box="[1113,1492,1991,2015]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenodactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FBAE8781FADC3AAA" box="[1113,1291,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. xenodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1909
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: males to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFAEDA41FDDF87A0FDAA3575" box="[552,637,2025,2049]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFAEDA41FD7D87A0FC2C3574" authority="Hewitt, 1933" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1933" box="[650,1019,2025,2049]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenodactyloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFAEDA41FD7D87A0FC8F3574" box="[650,856,2025,2049]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. xenodactyloides</emphasis>
|
||
Hewitt, 1933
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: males to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFAEDA41FB8287A0FB1C3575" box="[1141,1227,2025,2049]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The very small inner metatarsal tubercle distinguishes the new species from all remaining species with large, elongate, prominent inner metatarsal tubercle that is about two-thirds the length of the first metatarsus, i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFD5D816EFC0D3C4A" authority="de Witte, 1933" authorityName="de Witte" authorityYear="1933" box="[682,986,295,319]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loveridgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFD5D816EFCE63C4A" box="[682,817,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. loveridgei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFA1DA4EFCCF816EFC0D3C4A" author="de Witte, G. - F." box="[824,986,295,319]" journalOrPublisher="Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="97 - 103" part="24" refId="ref9950" refString="de Witte, G. - F. Batraciens nouveaux du Congo Belge. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 1933, 24, 97 - 103. [CrossRef]" title="Batraciens nouveaux du Congo Belge" type="journal article" year="1933">de Witte, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(also outer palmar tubercle present, ventral side of thigh coarsely granular, discs of toes strongly enlarged vs. outer palmar tubercle absent, thigh smooth, discs of toes slightly enlarged);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFBB28123FA443CF7" authority="(Laurent, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[1093,1427,362,386]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFBB28123FB023CF7" box="[1093,1237,362,386]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFA1DA4EFB118123FA5B3CF7" author="Laurent" box="[1254,1420,362,386]" firstAuthor="Laurent" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Musee R. Congo Belg. Sci. Zool." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="34 - 40" part="1" refId="ref9104" refString="Laurent, R. F. Remarques sur le genre Schoutedenella Witte. Ann. Musee R. Congo Belg. Sci. Zool. 1954, 1, 34 - 40." title="Remarques sur le genre Schoutedenella Witte" type="journal article" year="1954">Laurent, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(also discs of toes strongly enlarged vs. slightly enlarged); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFB8281C5FA043CD6" authority="Boulenger, 1905" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1905" box="[1141,1491,395,419]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenochirus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFB8281C5FAD93CD6" box="[1141,1294,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. xenochirus</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(also venter uniformly off-white, throat grey in males vs. venter reddish to orange with longitudinal yellow stripes and white dots, throat yellowish brown with tiny dark brown speckles).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFDC381B9FC6A3F7D" authority="Blackburn, 2009" authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="2009" box="[564,957,496,520]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fichika">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFDC381B9FD283F7D" box="[564,767,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Arthroleptis fichika</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFA1DA4EFCF281B9FC6A3F7D" author="Blackburn" box="[773,957,496,520]" firstAuthor="Blackburn" journalOrPublisher="Breviora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 17" part="517" refId="ref9284" refString="Blackburn, D. C. Description and phylogenetic relationships of two new species of miniature Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. Breviora 2009, 517, 1 - 17. [CrossRef]" title="Description and phylogenetic relationships of two new species of miniature Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania" type="journal article" year="2009">Blackburn, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFC0181B9FACE3F7D" authority="Blackburn, 2009" authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="2009" box="[1014,1305,496,520]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kidogo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFC0181B9FB8D3F7D" box="[1014,1114,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. kidogo</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFA1DA4EFB9681B9FACE3F7D" author="Blackburn" box="[1121,1305,496,520]" firstAuthor="Blackburn" journalOrPublisher="Breviora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 17" part="517" refId="ref9284" refString="Blackburn, D. C. Description and phylogenetic relationships of two new species of miniature Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. Breviora 2009, 517, 1 - 17. [CrossRef]" title="Description and phylogenetic relationships of two new species of miniature Arthroleptis (Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania" type="journal article" year="2009">Blackburn, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known only from females that are much smaller (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA1DA4EFC848258FC703F5C" box="[883,935,529,553]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFC5A8258FB863F5C" box="[941,1105,529,553]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.385" metricValueMax="1.42" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="13.85" valueMax="14.2" valueMin="13.5">13.5–14.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFB7B8258FAE63F5C" box="[1164,1329,529,553]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.41" metricValueMin="1.39" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="14.1" valueMin="13.9">13.9–14.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively) than the new species, and differ in having a dappled ventral colour pattern [7].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFA1DA4FFE03821DFB833F19" blockId="8.[442,1497,261,2060]" lastBlockId="9.[442,1496,261,620]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Morphological differentiation between the similarly sized species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFAE5821DFA433F19" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1849" box="[1298,1428,596,620]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFAE5821DFA433F19" box="[1298,1428,596,620]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Arthroleptis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Albertine Rift is hampered by the shortage of external diagnostic characters, especially in preserved specimens, in combination with the briefness of the original descriptions that specify only a handful of characteristics, some of which are not diagnostic. In addition, the whereabouts and the identity of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFA1DA4EFC998292FC783F86" box="[878,943,731,755]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of several species described by Laurent [3,16] are currently vague. The life colouration can be a useful character to easily distinguish between species if it is thoroughly documented. The distributional range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFA938354FDA73E23" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFA938354FDA73E23" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Arthroleptis nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFA1DA4EFD808376FD023E23" box="[631,725,831,854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
overlaps with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFC178376FBBE3E23" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[992,1129,830,854]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFC178376FBBE3E23" box="[992,1129,830,854]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in western Rwanda, although the two species are usually found in different habitats. The Rwandan specimens match the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFA1DA4EFE4B83CBFE2B3EEF" box="[444,508,898,922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFDD683CBFD703EEC" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[545,679,897,921]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFDD683CBFD703EEC" box="[545,679,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFA1DA4EFCF983CBFC993EEF" box="[782,846,898,922]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of its junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFBAE83C8FE243ECE" authority="de Witte, 1941" authorityName="de Witte" authorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Schoutedenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kivuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFBAE83C8FAB13EEC" box="[1113,1382,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Schoutedenella kivuensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFA1DA4EFA9A83C8FE243ECE" author="de Witte, G. F." bookContentInfo="261 p." journalOrPublisher="Fondation pour Favoriser les Recherches Scientifiques en Afrique: Bruxelles, Belgium" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1933 - 1935" refId="ref9689" refString="de Witte, G. F. Batraciens et reptiles. In Exploration du Parc National Albert, Mission G. F. de Witte (1933 - 1935), Fascicle 33; Fondation pour Favoriser les Recherches Scientifiques en Afrique: Bruxelles, Belgium, 1941; 261 p." title="Batraciens et reptiles" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Exploration du Parc National Albert, Mission G. F. de Witte" year="1941">de Witte, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, very well.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFD7583EAFCA13ECE" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[642,886,931,955]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFD7583EAFCA13ECE" box="[642,886,931,955]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Arthroleptis schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(males
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFC2283EAFBAC3ECF" box="[981,1147,931,955]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0549999999999997" metricValueMax="2.12" metricValueMin="1.9899999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="20.549999999999997" valueMax="21.2" valueMin="19.9">19.9–21.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFA1DA4EFB3E83EAFAFF3ECE" box="[1225,1320,931,955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFAA783EAFA043ECE" authorityName="de Witte" authorityYear="1941" box="[1360,1491,931,955]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Schoutedenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kivuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFAA783EAFA043ECE" box="[1360,1491,931,955]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. kivuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFE4D838DFDF73EA9" box="[442,544,964,988]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="19.8">19.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; females
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFD7C838DFCFB3EA9" box="[651,812,964,988]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.135" metricValueMax="2.16" metricValueMin="2.11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="21.35" valueMax="21.6" valueMin="21.1">21.1–21.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFA1DA4EFC7B838DFC233EA9" box="[908,1012,964,988]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
currently
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFB9B838DFB053EA9" box="[1132,1234,964,988]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="19.2">19.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, previously measured
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFE4B83AFFDDB3E88" box="[444,524,998,1022]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
|
||
[13] and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFD8E83AFFD1D3E88" box="[633,714,998,1022]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
[20], female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFA1DA4EFCA883AFFC6A3E8B" box="[863,957,998,1022]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFC1583AFFBB43E8B" authorityName="de Witte" authorityYear="1941" box="[994,1123,998,1022]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Schoutedenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kivuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFC1583AFFBB43E8B" box="[994,1123,998,1022]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. kivuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFB9E83AFFB183E8B" box="[1129,1231,998,1022]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="20.6">20.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) is significantly larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFE0F8441FD7D396A" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[504,682,1032,1055]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFE0F8441FD7D396A" box="[504,682,1032,1055]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFA1DA4EFD468441FCDA396A" box="[689,781,1032,1055]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(males 16.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFC5F844EFBD9396A" box="[936,1038,1031,1055]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), has relatively shorter legs (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA1DA4EFA96844EFA41396A" box="[1377,1430,1031,1055]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TFL</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA1DA4EFA69844EFA03396A" box="[1438,1492,1031,1055]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
0.36–0.41 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFDA28460FD0B3934" box="[597,732,1065,1089]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1176" metricValueMax="1.1684" metricValueMin="1.0668" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="0.44" valueMax="0.46" valueMin="0.42">0.42–0.46 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFD158460FC463935" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[738,913,1065,1088]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFD158460FC463935" box="[738,913,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a relatively larger tympanum (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA1DA4EFAFD8460FAE73934" box="[1290,1328,1065,1089]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TD</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA1DA4EFACE8460FAA53934" box="[1337,1394,1065,1089]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">EYE</collectionCode>
|
||
in adult males>0.60 vs. <0.48), a relatively shorter head (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA1DA4EFC0F8403FBF73917" box="[1016,1056,1098,1122]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">HL</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA1DA4EFBDE8403FBB63917" box="[1065,1121,1098,1122]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
0.31–0.33 vs. 0.35–0.37), and its dorsum is granular, covered with small, low tubercles, especially in males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFA1DA4EFAB38425FA7F39F1" box="[1348,1448,1132,1156]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[444,514,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[447,1482,659,1576]" captionTargetId="figure-610@9.[447,1482,659,1576]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Arthroleptis schubotzi from Cyamudongo Forest, Rwanda, in life. (A) Dorsal view of adult female (ZFMK 104089) and (B) adult male (ZFMK 104090). (C) Corresponding ventral view of adult female and (D) adult male, showing the distinct ventral colour pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
; vs. dorsum finely shagreened). It is most easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFB4884C7FAA539D0" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[1215,1394,1166,1189]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFB4884C7FAA539D0" box="[1215,1394,1166,1189]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFA1DA4EFA8D84C7FA0F39D0" box="[1402,1496,1166,1189]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(venter reddish to orange with longitudinal yellow stripes and white dots,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFA1DA4EFAD284E6FA5339B2" box="[1317,1412,1199,1223]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[444,514,928,950]" captionTargetBox="[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetId="figure-506@4.[445,959,254,902]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. (A) Dorsolateral view and (B) ventral view of the holotype (ZFMK 104075) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (C) Dorsolateral view and (D) ventral view of an adult male (JMD 599) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life. (E) Dorsolateral view and (F) ventral view of one of the subadult paratypes (SMNS 15743) of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128080/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) by its conspicuous ventral pattern consisting of an off-white background with dark reticulation, with the ventral side of the head having a higher proportion of dark pattern than the breast and abdomen in females and the gular region of males being black with few whitish flecks, and bright red thighs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFA1DA4EFD26857CFCE13839" box="[721,822,1332,1357]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[444,514,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[447,1482,659,1576]" captionTargetId="figure-610@9.[447,1482,659,1576]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Arthroleptis schubotzi from Cyamudongo Forest, Rwanda, in life. (A) Dorsal view of adult female (ZFMK 104089) and (B) adult male (ZFMK 104090). (C) Corresponding ventral view of adult female and (D) adult male, showing the distinct ventral colour pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). This colour pattern was also described in the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFA1DA4EFE4B851FFDF1381B" box="[444,550,1366,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFDB9851FFD0F381B" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[590,728,1366,1390]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFDB9851FFD0F381B" box="[590,728,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[20] and described and depicted for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFA1DA4EFB30851EFADF381A" box="[1223,1288,1367,1391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFAC7851FFDF538FA" authorityName="de Witte" authorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Schoutedenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kivuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFAC7851FFDF538FA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Schoutedenella kivuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[15]. There are a number of similarly sized, but poorly defined taxa from eastern DRC that are only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFA1DA4EFC6385D0FC1E38C4" box="[916,969,1433,1457]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series [3,16] and whose taxonomic status is doubtful. A very similar ventral colour pattern to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFBEC85F2FB7338A7" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[1051,1188,1466,1490]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFBEC85F2FB7338A7" box="[1051,1188,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFA1DA4EFA8485F2FA6338A6" box="[1395,1460,1467,1491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFE4C8595FCAA3881" authority="(Laurent, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[443,893,1500,1524]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mossoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFE4C8595FD683881" box="[443,703,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Arthroleptis mossoensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFA1DA4EFD398595FCA23881" author="Laurent" box="[718,885,1500,1524]" firstAuthor="Laurent" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Musee R. Congo Belg. Sci. Zool." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="34 - 40" part="1" refId="ref9104" refString="Laurent, R. F. Remarques sur le genre Schoutedenella Witte. Ann. Musee R. Congo Belg. Sci. Zool. 1954, 1, 34 - 40." title="Remarques sur le genre Schoutedenella Witte" type="journal article" year="1954">Laurent, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFC7F8595FB603881" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" box="[904,1207,1500,1524]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Schoutedenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFC7F8595FB603881" box="[904,1207,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Schoutedenella discodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(currently considered a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFD6F85B7FCCB3B60" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[664,796,1533,1557]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFD6F85B7FCCB3B60" box="[664,796,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFCA985B7FB753B60" authority="Laurent, 1952" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1952" box="[862,1186,1533,1557]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhoscelis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFCA985B7FC2B3B60" box="[862,1020,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. pyrrhoscelis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFA1DA4EFBF485B7FB753B60" author="Laurent, R." box="[1027,1186,1533,1557]" journalOrPublisher="Rev. De Zool. Et De Bot. Afr." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="18 - 34" part="46" refId="ref9741" refString="Laurent, R. Reptiles et batraciens nouveaux du massif du mont Kabobo et du plateau des Marungu. Rev. De Zool. Et De Bot. Afr. 1952, 46, 18 - 34." title="Reptiles et batraciens nouveaux du massif du mont Kabobo et du plateau des Marungu" type="journal article" year="1952">Laurent, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and these taxa are readily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFD5D8656FC893B42" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[682,862,1567,1591]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFD5D8656FC893B42" box="[682,862,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFA1DA4EFC918656FC1D3B43" box="[870,970,1567,1590]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFC2F8656FB0A3B42" baseAuthorityName="Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[984,1245,1567,1591]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mossoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFC2F8656FB0A3B42" box="[984,1245,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Arthroleptis mossoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from Murugaragara, Mosso, Territoire de Rutana, Burundi, at an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFB018609FA9C3B2D" box="[1270,1355,1600,1624]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
, based on a single female (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA1DA4EFD92862BFD4F3B0F" box="[613,664,1634,1658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFD68862BFCD23B0F" box="[671,773,1634,1658]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2399999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="22.4">22.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) that remains the only specimen of the species ever collected. It further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFD3E86CDFCAA3BEE" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[713,893,1668,1691]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFD3E86CDFCAA3BEE" box="[713,893,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFA1DA4EFC7286CDFC323BEE" box="[901,997,1668,1691]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in its short hindlimbs (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA1DA4EFAF486CAFAEF3BEE" box="[1283,1336,1667,1691]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TFL</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA1DA4EFAB686CAFAA03BEE" box="[1345,1399,1667,1691]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
0.36 vs. 0.42–0.46), the tibio-tarsal articulation only reaching the shoulder (vs. reaching the eye).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFE4C868FFD1C3BAB" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1952" box="[443,715,1734,1758]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pyrrhoscelis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFE4C868FFD1C3BAB" box="[443,715,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Arthroleptis pyrrhoscelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Kabobo Plateau in eastern DRC is similar in size (male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CB5598FFA1DA4EFE4B86A1FE2B3A75" box="[444,508,1768,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFDF586A1FD733A75" box="[514,676,1768,1792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.565" metricValueMax="1.6199999999999999" metricValueMin="1.51" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="15.649999999999999" valueMax="16.2" valueMin="15.1">15.1–16.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFD2686A1FC543B8A" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[721,899,1768,1791]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFD2686A1FC543B8A" box="[721,899,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFA1DA4EFC7E86A1FC303B8A" box="[905,999,1768,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, but has shorter hindlimbs, the tibiotarsal joint reaching only to tympanum (vs. to eye). The posterior part of the abdomen and the ventral side of the thighs are coarsely granular (vs. weakly areolate), an outer palmar tubercle and several prominent metacarpal tubercles are present (vs. absent), and the inner metatarsal tubercle is large, elongate and prominent (vs. small and rounded).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFAC08727FD963AD2" authorityName="Laurent" authorityYear="1954" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Schoutedenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="discodactyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFAC08727FD963AD2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Schoutedenella discodactyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lutunguru in the North Kivu Province of DRC (currently referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFE4C87F8FD973ABC" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[443,576,1969,1993]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFE4C87F8FD973ABC" box="[443,576,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) differs by its markedly dilated discs of fingers and toes (vs. tip of third finger only and tips of toes slightly enlarged).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA1DA4EFC76879BFAEF3A9F" authority="(Laurent, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[897,1336,2002,2026]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vercammeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA1DA4EFC76879BFB513A9F" box="[897,1158,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Arthroleptis vercammeni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFA1DA4EFB63879BFAE63A9F" author="Laurent" box="[1172,1329,2002,2026]" firstAuthor="Laurent" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Musee R. Congo Belg. Sci. Zool." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="34 - 40" part="1" refId="ref9104" refString="Laurent, R. F. Remarques sur le genre Schoutedenella Witte. Ann. Musee R. Congo Belg. Sci. Zool. 1954, 1, 34 - 40." title="Remarques sur le genre Schoutedenella Witte" type="journal article" year="1954">Laurent, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mwana in eastern DRC is a very small species (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA1DA4EFC7087BDFC6D3579" box="[903,954,2036,2060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
of males
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFBDD87BAFB72357E" box="[1066,1189,2035,2059]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, of females
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA1DA4EFAD887BAFA70357E" box="[1327,1447,2035,2059]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 mm</quantity>
|
||
[3]) and thus even smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFCE4814FFC1E3C68" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[787,969,262,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFCE4814FFC1E3C68" box="[787,969,262,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFA0DA4FFC25814FFBE13C68" box="[978,1078,262,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(males 16.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA0DA4FFB2B814CFA913C68" box="[1244,1350,261,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), the throat is blackish in males (vs. yellowish brown with tiny dark brown speckles), the tibia is noticeably longer than the foot (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA0DA4FFCC18101FCBC3C15" box="[822,875,328,352]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TFL</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6173FFFFA0DA4FFC848101FC7C3C15" box="[883,939,328,352]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FOT</collectionCode>
|
||
1.10–1.25 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA0DA4FFBB98101FB003C15" box="[1102,1239,328,352]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="2.6162" metricValueMin="2.4638" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="1.0" valueMax="1.03" valueMin="0.97">0.97–1.03 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFB298100FA473C15" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[1246,1424,329,352]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFB298100FA473C15" box="[1246,1424,329,352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the tips of fingers and toes are clearly dilated [3] (vs. tip of third finger only and tips of toes slightly enlarged).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFD6081C2FBB63CD6" authority="(Laurent, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Laurent" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[663,1121,395,419]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hematogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFD6081C2FC7B3CD6" box="[663,940,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Arthroleptis hematogaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE196CBFFA0DA4FFC4C81C2FB8D3CD6" author="Laurent" box="[955,1114,395,419]" firstAuthor="Laurent" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Musee R. Congo Belg. Sci. Zool." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="34 - 40" part="1" refId="ref9104" refString="Laurent, R. F. Remarques sur le genre Schoutedenella Witte. Ann. Musee R. Congo Belg. Sci. Zool. 1954, 1, 34 - 40." title="Remarques sur le genre Schoutedenella Witte" type="journal article" year="1954">Laurent, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a poorly known species from the South Kivu Province in eastern DRC. The species is similar in size (only known male
|
||
<quantity id="4C8846DFFFA0DA4FFE4D8187FDF73C93" box="[442,544,462,486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), but is reported to have a uniform ventral colouration varying from orange-red to blood-red [3] (vs. yellowish brown) and lacks the distinct two longitudinal yellow ventral stripes and the white dots on venter, arms and thighs that are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFAF48258FA673F5C" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[1283,1456,529,553]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFAF48258FA673F5C" box="[1283,1456,529,553]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFA0DA4FFA40825BFE383F3F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the foot is relatively shorter with FOL/SVL 0.38–0.41 (vs. 0.43–0.45), and finger tips and toe tips are strongly enlarged (vs. slightly enlarged).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0FBBB2FFA0DA4FFE4B860AFB7E3BE8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10128090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128090/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[444,514,1603,1625]" targetBox="[447,1482,659,1576]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFA0DA4FFE4B860AFB7E3BE8" blockId="9.[444,1491,1603,1694]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFE4B860AFDCD3B2C" bold="true" box="[444,538,1603,1625]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFDD6860DFD2D3B2C" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[545,762,1604,1625]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFDD6860DFD2D3B2C" box="[545,762,1604,1625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Arthroleptis schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cyamudongo Forest, Rwanda, in life. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFB2F860AFB3C3B2D" bold="true" box="[1240,1259,1603,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
|
||
) Dorsal view of adult female (ZFMK 104089) and (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFD11862FFD213B0E" bold="true" box="[742,758,1638,1659]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
) adult male (ZFMK 104090). (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFBC5862FFB943B09" bold="true" box="[1074,1091,1638,1660]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
|
||
) Corresponding ventral view of adult female and (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFDC886C1FD843BE8" bold="true" box="[575,595,1672,1693]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
|
||
) adult male, showing the distinct ventral colour pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFA0DA4CFE038688FC573CF4" blockId="9.[443,1495,1729,2088]" lastBlockId="10.[443,1496,261,888]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFE038688FCC23BAC" bold="true" box="[500,789,1729,1753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bioacoustic comparison</emphasis>
|
||
: The advertisement calls of only about half the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFE4C86AAFDEC3B8E" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1849" box="[443,571,1763,1787]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFE4C86AAFDEC3B8E" box="[443,571,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Arthroleptis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known [1]. The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFBF886AAFAF63B8F" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[1039,1313,1763,1787]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFBF886AAFAF63B8F" box="[1039,1313,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Arthroleptis nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFA0DA4FFAD186AAFAA83B8F" box="[1318,1407,1763,1786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(single note, 17.4 ± 6.4 [11–32] ms duration, dominant frequency at 5861 ± 188 [5531–6029] Hz;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134BF7BFFFA0DA4FFE4B876FFDCB3A4B" box="[444,540,1830,1854]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[444,514,1240,1262]" captionTargetBox="[453,1218,790,1208]" captionTargetId="figure-608@5.[430,1237,769,1234]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Waveform (top) and corresponding sound spectrogram of (A) an advertisement call of Arthroleptis nyungwensis sp. nov., (B) an aggressive call, consisting of a thirteen-notes group followed by the main note, (C) a variant of the aggressive call, and (D) a possible female courtship call. See text for details." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10128084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10128084/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs from all described calls of its congeners. The call of one of the two other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFDCD870EFD683A2A" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1849" box="[570,703,1863,1887]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFDCD870EFD683A2A" box="[570,703,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Arthroleptis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded from Rwanda,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFC05870EFB663A2A" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[1010,1201,1863,1887]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adolfifriederici">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFC05870EFB663A2A" box="[1010,1201,1863,1887]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. adolfifriederici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is similar in consisting of a single, brief (52–65 ms) note, but has a much lower dominant frequency of about 2900 Hz [17]. The known advertisement calls of the phylogenetically closely related species differ markedly from the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFCDF87E5FC043AB6" authority="Dehling, 2023" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[808,979,1964,1987]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFCDF87E5FC043AB6" box="[808,979,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2378A53FFA0DA4FFC2D87E5FBE23AB6" box="[986,1077,1964,1987]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFB9A87E5FB283AB6" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1905" box="[1133,1279,1963,1987]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenochirus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFB9A87E5FB283AB6" box="[1133,1279,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. xenochirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: high-pitched trill, seven notes, repeated at a rate of 15/s, dominant frequency at 4600 Hz [22];
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFAD18784FA073A90" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1909" box="[1318,1488,1997,2021]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenodactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFAD18784FA073A90" box="[1318,1488,1997,2021]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. xenodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: brief whistle, duration 50 ms, repeated two or three times per second, dominant frequency at 6400–7000 Hz [22];
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA0DA4FFD3F8859FC40355D" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1933" box="[712,919,2064,2088]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenodactyloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA0DA4FFD3F8859FC40355D" box="[712,919,2064,2088]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. xenodactyloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: single note, 88–95 ms, repeated at an interval of 340–390 ms, composed of three pulses, each lasting 16–24 ms, dominant frequency at 6300–6500 ms [30]; brief, cricket-like chirp, consisting of three brief clicks, dominant frequency at 5500 Hz [22]; call duration 0.05–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE448DFDFFA3DA4CFC108101FBCB3C15" box="[999,1052,328,352]" degrees="0.1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5555" value="-0.1">0.1 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, repeated every 0.3–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE448DFDFFA3DA4CFAEF8101FA983C15" box="[1304,1359,328,352]" degrees="0.7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5555" value="-0.7">0.7 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, dominant frequency 5.2–6.4 kHz, 2–4 pulses [31].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCFEB3AFFA3DA4CFE0381C2FD173E02" blockId="10.[443,1496,261,888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Based on observations of males of its junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA3DA4CFB9E81C2FAA43CD6" authorityName="de Witte" authorityYear="1941" box="[1129,1395,395,419]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Schoutedenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kivuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA3DA4CFB9E81C2FAA43CD6" box="[1129,1395,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Schoutedenella kivuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA3DA4CFE2D81E4FDB73CB0" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[474,608,429,453]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA3DA4CFE2D81E4FDB73CB0" box="[474,608,429,453]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been described onomatopoeically as “cri-cri, cri-cri” and characterized as “extremely piercing and very characteristic cry, absolutely similar to that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA3DA4CFAA98186FA003C93" box="[1374,1495,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA3DA4CFAA98186FA073C93" authorityName="de Witte" authorityYear="1921" box="[1374,1488,462,486]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Schoutedenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globosa">S. globosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA3DA4CFE2381B9FDB03F7D" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1905" box="[468,615,496,520]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xenochirus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA3DA4CFE2381B9FDB03F7D" box="[468,615,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. xenochirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], “quite comparable to the ‘song’ of our cricket, but much louder” [15]. This was subsequently cited as a “harsh series of double chirps” [1,22]. The call description agrees with the results of the analysis of call recordings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA3DA4CFB9B827AFB243F3E" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[1132,1267,563,587]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA3DA4CFB9B827AFB243F3E" box="[1132,1267,563,587]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Rwanda [17]: call duration 246–429 ms, 5–6 notes, each lasting 23–29 ms and composed of three pulses, internote interval 34–40 ms, dominant frequency 4331–4450 Hz. The advertisement call of males assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA3DA4CFD4982DEFC9F3FDA" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[702,840,663,687]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA3DA4CFD4982DEFC9F3FDA" box="[702,840,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Kibale National Park, Uganda, differs from the advertisement call of Rwandan specimens in consisting of only either two or three notes, the first two being separated from each other by an interval of 80 [59–98] ms, the second and third by an interval of 94 [84–113] ms; in having a slightly higher dominant frequency of 4661 [4462–4892] Hz; and in a briefer call duration of 158 [92–273] ms [32]. The advertisement calls of both populations assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA3DA4CFC138376FBBB3E23" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1911" box="[996,1132,830,854]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA3DA4CFC138376FBBB3E23" box="[996,1132,830,854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. schubotzi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from the advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7090B9FFA3DA4CFDFE8329FD6F3E0D" authorityName="Dehling" authorityYear="2023" box="[521,696,864,888]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nyungwensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9043728FFA3DA4CFDFE8329FD6F3E0D" box="[521,696,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. nyungwensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |