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<document id="6583A27789CD2CC96607D24CD5BC8484" ID-CLB-Dataset="21028" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.708" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0c523d70-0815-45f8-a69d-1698f78a0998" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4011061" ID-ZooBank="DDF28821-1A4A-4457-BB53-1696F3BFB7B2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598986343633" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R. &amp; Maggioni, Davide" docDate="2020" docId="03D92045FFAAFFD3E6352528C19DFA4A" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-708_galea_maggioni.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 708" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Halopteris infundibulum Vervoort 1966" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FFE0583DFF88FFF7E4122242C06BFFF0" masterDocTitle="Plumularioid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698845772904" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="3C664B1E41461A47705EC0E3642FCE49">Plumularioid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="967FBB4B856A8676A20E6A609BA36894">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9D53E8449A41314F5B38A20D7C1E807C">Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, 405 Chemin Les Gatiers, 83170 Tourves, France. Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy. Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Marine and High Education (MaRHE) Center, 12030 Faafu Magoodhoo, Republic of the Maldives.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C1DC885544AF40C7067322DBDC4AE8F2" type="email">horia.galea@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E49F2F67BCBD0E0667DD8CC16BF32922">Maggioni, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D38AF17E564252D7247075E15791207F" type="email">davide.maggioni@unimib.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="035018C5746B29CC4774EE2125D4446C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="74A434F8058503EDA6F4E7067CB82365">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2993520C77C7CB82D38362CF7A99416A">708</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFAAFFD5E6352528C466F875" box="[551,1037,1898,1925]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFAAFFD5E6352528C466F875" blockId="34.[551,1037,1898,1960]" box="[551,1037,1898,1925]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="D087263FFFAAFFD5E6352528C466F875" box="[551,1037,1898,1925]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFAAFFD5E6352528C466F875" ID-CoL="3JFQT" authority="Vervoort, 1966" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1966" box="[551,1037,1898,1925]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFAAFFD5E6352528C33EF875" bold="true" box="[551,853,1898,1925]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Halopteris infundibulum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFAAFFD5E74F2529C466F875" author="Vervoort W." box="[861,1037,1899,1925]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref27334" refString="Vervoort W. 1966. Bathyal and abyssal hydroids. Scientific Results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition 1950 - 1952. Galathea Report 8: 97 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1966">Vervoort, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFAAFFD5E6A325CFC3E8F858" blockId="34.[551,1037,1898,1960]" box="[689,899,1933,1960]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<figureCitation id="134B8DD6FFAAFFD5E6A325CFC36CF858" box="[689,775,1933,1960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[190,233,1684,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[229,1357,259,2022]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 14 (opposite page). A–D. Corhiza patula Galea sp. nov., from holotype MNHN-IK-2015-602, proximal portion of cladium (A); nematothecae: mesial (B), lateral (C), and from ahydrothecate internode (D). — E–J. Corhiza pauciarmata Ansín Agís et al., 2009, from sample MNHN-IK-2015-604, portion of cladium (E); nematothecae: mesial (F), lateral (G) and from ahydrothecate internode in lateral (H) and adaxial (I) aspects; cnidome (J). — K. Halopteris campanula (Busk, 1852), portion of cladium from sample MNHN-IK-2015-597. — L–M. Halopteris infundibulum Vervoort, 1966, cladial hydrotheca in lateral (L) and frontal (M) aspects, both from sample MNHN-IK-2015-608. — N–P. Halopteris peculiaris Billard, 1913, proximal portion of cladium seen laterally (N); single (O) or paired (P) lateral nematothecae associated to cauline hydrothecae; all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-609. Scale bars: A, E = 500 µm; B–D, F–I, O–P = 100 µm; J = 10 µm; K–N = 300 µm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4012153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4012153/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 14</figureCitation>
L–M, 15C
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFAAFFD4E4AF258CC21AFEB9" blockId="34.[189,818,1998,2025]" lastBlockId="35.[189,1398,267,329]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB60B67DFFAAFFD4E4AF258CC21AFEB9" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1B742FFAAFFD5E4AF258CC2B8F818" author="Vervoort W." box="[189,723,1998,2025]" page="133" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1966">
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFAAFFD5E4AF258CC2B8F818" ID-CoL="3JFQT" authority="Vervoort, 1966: 133" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityPageNumber="133" authorityYear="1966" box="[189,723,1998,2025]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFAAFFD5E4AF258CC1B5F818" box="[189,478,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Halopteris infundibulum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFAAFFD5E5F7258DC2B8F818" author="Vervoort W." box="[485,723,1998,2025]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref27334" refString="Vervoort W. 1966. Bathyal and abyssal hydroids. Scientific Results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition 1950 - 1952. Galathea Report 8: 97 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1966">Vervoort, 1966: 133</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 36.
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFABFFD4E4AF2349C1B6FED5" ID-CoL="3JFQT" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1966" box="[189,477,267,293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFABFFD4E4AF2349C1B6FED5" box="[189,477,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Halopteris infundibulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1B742FFABFFD4E5EB2349C287FED5" author="Schuchert P." box="[505,748,267,293]" page="121" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFABFFD4E5EB2349C287FED5" author="Schuchert P." box="[505,748,267,293]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref26517" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162. Available from https: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 149017 [accessed 12 Aug. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert 1997: 121</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 44. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1B742FFABFFD4E761234EC4B8FED6" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[883,1235,267,294]" page="359" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFABFFD4E761234EC4B8FED6" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[883,1235,267,294]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref27452" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538. Available from https: // archive. org / details / niwabiodiversitymemoir 01192003 [accessed 12 Aug. 2020]." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003: 359</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 87c–j. —
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1B742FFABFFD4E4F8236DC24AFEB9" author="Ansin Agis J. &amp; Vervoort W. &amp; Ramil F." box="[234,545,302,329]" page="51" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFABFFD4E4F8236DC24AFEB9" author="Ansin Agis J. &amp; Vervoort W. &amp; Ramil F." box="[234,545,302,329]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="33 - 61" refId="ref23923" refString="Ansin Agis J., Vervoort W. &amp; Ramil F. 2009. Hydroids of the family Halopterididae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected in the western Pacific by various French expeditions. Zoosystema 31 (1): 33 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2009 n 1 a 3" type="journal article" year="2009">
Ansín Agís
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFABFFD4E567236DC1C3FEB9" box="[373,424,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
. 2009: 51
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 8.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFABFFD4E4AF2332C51CFE2D" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFABFFD4E4AF2332C1C1FE7A" blockId="35.[189,426,368,394]" box="[189,426,368,394]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="D087263FFFABFFD4E4AF2332C1C1FE7A" bold="true" box="[189,426,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFABFFD4E4AF2332C1C1FE7A" bold="true" box="[189,426,368,394]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFABFFD4E4AF23DDC51CFE2D" blockId="35.[189,1399,414,477]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B189B0EFFABFFD4E4AF23DDC518FE2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2854853364" collectingDate="2016-09-21" collectorName="KANADEEP" country="New Caledonia" elevation="385" latitude="-20.366667" location="PACIFIC OCEAN" longLatPrecision="1268" longitude="158.66667" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCode="MNHN-IK-2015-608" specimenCount="2">
<location id="8EAFC788FFABFFD4E4AF23DDC1FCFE49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D92045FFAAFFD3E6352528C19DFA4A:8EAFC788FFABFFD4E4AF23DDC1FCFE49" box="[189,407,415,441]" country="New Caledonia" latitude="-20.366667" longLatPrecision="1268" longitude="158.66667" name="PACIFIC OCEAN" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">PACIFIC OCEAN</location>
•
<specimenCount id="9D765ADAFFABFFD4E5A223DDC267FE49" box="[432,524,415,441]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">2 stems</specimenCount>
, both ca
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFABFFD4E66723DDC2C4FE49" box="[629,687,415,441]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
high, 1 bearing a (damaged) gonotheca; off
<collectingCountry id="F367D1C3FFABFFD4E0AB23DDC519FE48" box="[1209,1394,414,441]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, stn DW5026;
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE44F794FFABFFD4E5C62382C220FE2C" box="[468,587,448,476]" degrees="158" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="925" value="158.66667">158°40′ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFABFFD4E6452380C2B4FE2C" box="[599,735,450,476]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="385.0" valueMax="410.0" valueMin="360.0">
<elevation id="005D7660FFABFFD4E6452380C2B4FE2C" box="[599,735,450,476]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="385.0" valueMax="410.0" valueMin="360.0">360–410 m</elevation>
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;
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<collectingDate id="EF8A4E7BFFABFFD4E6F92380C3E3FE2C" box="[747,904,450,476]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2016-09-21">21 Sep. 2016</collectingDate>
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;
<collectorName id="2685F485FFABFFD4E7862380C45AFE2C" box="[916,1073,450,476]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">KANADEEP</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="DBD63928FFABFFD4E0612380C518FE2D" box="[1139,1395,450,477]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">MNHN-IK-2015-608</specimenCode>
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFABFFD3E4AF2041C220FD3C" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFABFFD4E4AF2041C125FDED" blockId="35.[189,334,515,541]" box="[189,334,515,541]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="D087263FFFABFFD4E4AF2041C125FDED" bold="true" box="[189,334,515,541]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFABFFD4E4AF2041C125FDED" bold="true" box="[189,334,515,541]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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Stems upright and quite rigid, simple, monosiphonic, ca
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFABFFD4E7492070C3FDFDBC" box="[859,918,562,588]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
high, arising from reticulate hydrorhiza; composed of long (
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFABFFD4E5B62017C26BFD9F" box="[420,512,597,624]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 cm</quantity>
) proximal part devoid of hydrothecae and hydrocladia, and comparatively shorter (
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFABFFD4E533203AC116FD63" box="[289,381,632,659]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
) distal part bearing hydrothecae and hydrocladia. Proximal part with few closely-set transverse nodes immediately above origin from stolon, as well as few, irregular, more distant ones above; nematothecae in two closely-set, longitudinal rows, only in distal part of this portion of stem; nematothecae alternate along most length of nematothecate part of stem, distalmost ones being gradually arranged in subopposite to opposite pairs. Upper part of stem starting with two consecutive prosegments delimited at both ends by deeply-incised, very oblique nodes, each comprising a proximally-placed, quite damaged hydrotheca, 11 nematothecae, and cladial apophysis arising only from side of second hydrotheca; nematothecae:one mesial, two pairs of laterals, as well as 3opposite pairs above hydrotheca, in two closely-set, longitudinal rows. Remainder of stem slightly geniculate, with faintly-marked to almost imperceptible segmentation through slightly oblique nodes; each internode with hydrotheca proximally, short cladial apophysis laterally, and at least 9 nematothecae: one mesial, two pairs of laterals and 2 pairs above hydrotheca; presence of axillar nematotheca could not be checked properly, for cladial apophyses being shifted on to anterior part of stem, forming acute angle between two rows. Cladia up to
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFABFFD4E123265CC51CFBC9" box="[1329,1399,1054,1081]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long, bearing up to 11 hydrothecate internodes; proximally short, almost indistinct, athecate internode, with proximal node straight and distal node oblique; nodes on remainder of cladium generally indistinct but, when present, transverse, immediately above each hydrotheca; each internode with hydrotheca, flanked by double pair of nematothecae, as well as 3–4 additional nematothecae above; anterior pair of laterals borne on conspicuous apophyses, thecae projecting above hydrothecal rim; posterior pair sessile, at base of apophyses supporting anterior pair; proximalmost nematotheca among those situated between consecutive hydrothecae always situated behind adaxial wall of proximal hydrotheca, either decidedly in axil or certain distance above. All nematothecae conical, bithalamic, wall of upper chamber slightly lowered on adaxial side. Hydrotheca tubular, rather deep, ¾
<superScript id="7C053C1BFFACFFD3E7FF2066C390FDC2" attach="left" box="[1005,1019,548,562]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">rd</superScript>
adnate, abaxial wall straight or nearly so, aperture circular, forming an angle of ca 40° with internode. Single gonotheca arising laterally from below basis of cladial hydrotheca; urn-shaped, slightly flattened, tapering abruptly basally, distally truncate, and there provided with ovoid, deciduous, filmy flap; two exceedingly long nematothecae inserted at above ¼
<superScript id="7C053C1BFFACFFD3E5B320F3C1C4FD4F" attach="left" box="[417,431,689,703]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">rd</superScript>
of its length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0FC1DBFFABFFD4E4AF2506C174F81B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4011083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4011083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4011083/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[189,232,1860,1886]" targetBox="[193,1394,1137,1812]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFABFFD4E4AF2506C174F81B" blockId="35.[189,1399,1860,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFABFFD4E4AF2506C133F8AE" bold="true" box="[189,344,1860,1886]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15. A–B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFABFFD4E57A2506C37FF8AF" authority="(Busk, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[360,788,1860,1887]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="campanula">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFABFFD4E57A2506C204F8AE" box="[360,623,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Halopteris campanula</emphasis>
(Busk, 1852)
</taxonomicName>
, female (A) and male (B) gonothecae from samples MNHN-IK-2015-598 and MNHN-IK-2015-597, respectively. —
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFABFFD4E7AF2525C3B9F871" bold="true" box="[957,978,1895,1921]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFABFFD4E7F22525C091F854" authority="Vervoort, 1966" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1966" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="infundibulum">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFABFFD4E7F22525C56AF871" box="[992,1281,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Halopteris infundibulum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFABFFD4E11A252AC091F854" author="Vervoort W." pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref27334" refString="Vervoort W. 1966. Bathyal and abyssal hydroids. Scientific Results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition 1950 - 1952. Galathea Report 8: 97 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1966">Vervoort, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, possible female gonotheca, from sample MNHN-IK-2015-608. —
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFABFFD4E02225C9C40CF855" bold="true" box="[1072,1127,1931,1957]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D–E</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFABFFD4E06B25C8C131F838" authority="Billard, 1913" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="peculiaris">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFABFFD4E06B25C8C51DF854" box="[1145,1398,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Halopteris peculiaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFABFFD4E4AF25ECC131F838" author="Billard A." box="[189,346,1966,1992]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref24372" refString="Billard A. 1913. Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie 7 a: 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, female (D) and male (E) gonothecae, both from sample MNHN-IK-2015-609. Scale bar: 300 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFACFFD3E4AF20B6C362FAD6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFACFFD3E4AF20B6C144FCFE" blockId="36.[189,303,756,782]" box="[189,303,756,782]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<heading id="D087263FFFACFFD3E4AF20B6C144FCFE" bold="true" box="[189,303,756,782]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFACFFD3E4AF20B6C144FCFE" bold="true" box="[189,303,756,782]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFACFFD3E4AF2161C25CFBC3" blockId="36.[189,1399,803,1075]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
The present material agrees generally well with the
<typeStatus id="54CB2FF1FFACFFD3E7022161C328FCCD" box="[784,835,803,829]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFACFFD3E7422161C397FCCD" author="Vervoort W." box="[848,1020,803,829]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref27334" refString="Vervoort W. 1966. Bathyal and abyssal hydroids. Scientific Results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition 1950 - 1952. Galathea Report 8: 97 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1966">Vervoort 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFACFFD3E0152161C4D5FCCD" author="Schuchert P." box="[1031,1214,803,829]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref26517" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162. Available from https: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 149017 [accessed 12 Aug. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert 1997</bibRefCitation>
) and specimens examined by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFACFFD3E5702104C2CDFC90" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[354,678,838,864]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref27452" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538. Available from https: // archive. org / details / niwabiodiversitymemoir 01192003 [accessed 12 Aug. 2020]." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFACFFD3E6F42104C479FC90" author="Ansin Agis J. &amp; Vervoort W. &amp; Ramil F." box="[742,1042,838,864]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="33 - 61" refId="ref23923" refString="Ansin Agis J., Vervoort W. &amp; Ramil F. 2009. Hydroids of the family Halopterididae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected in the western Pacific by various French expeditions. Zoosystema 31 (1): 33 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2009 n 1 a 3" type="journal article" year="2009">
Ansín Agís
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFACFFD3E76A2105C3C4FC90" box="[888,943,838,864]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, although it shows a number of differences: 1) it bears 2 opposite pairs of nematothecae above the cauline hydrothecae, while the occurrence of only two nematothecae in a row has been documented previously; 2) there are 3–4 nematothecae, instead of only two as documented earlier, between two successive cladial hydrothecae, of which the proximalmost can be either decidedly axillar or situated a short distance above the axil; 3) the gonotheca is urn-shaped and not piriform, as described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFACFFD3E7B121B5C489FBE0" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[931,1250,1014,1041]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref27452" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538. Available from https: // archive. org / details / niwabiodiversitymemoir 01192003 [accessed 12 Aug. 2020]." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, and bears 2 exceedingly long nematothecae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFACFFD3E4AF261EC362FAD6" blockId="36.[189,1399,1115,1318]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
I can see little reason to separate specifically the present material from that described earlier, as the species is still poorly-known, and the intraspecific variation insufficiently documented. The gonotheca in my material could belong to the opposite sex with respect to that described earlier by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFACFFD3E0FD26E0C104FB2F" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref27452" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538. Available from https: // archive. org / details / niwabiodiversitymemoir 01192003 [accessed 12 Aug. 2020]." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
; as to the length of the nematothecae it carries, this could likely not be used as a valid taxonomic criterion at this stage, given that, in this hydroid, at least the lateral nematothecae display a “very variable” length (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFACFFD3E5C3274EC296FAD6" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[465,765,1292,1318]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref27452" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538. Available from https: // archive. org / details / niwabiodiversitymemoir 01192003 [accessed 12 Aug. 2020]." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFACFFD3E4AF270FC19DFA4A" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFACFFD3E4AF270FC13DFA97" blockId="36.[189,342,1357,1383]" box="[189,342,1357,1383]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<heading id="D087263FFFACFFD3E4AF270FC13DFA97" bold="true" box="[189,342,1357,1383]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFACFFD3E4AF270FC13DFA97" bold="true" box="[189,342,1357,1383]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFACFFD3E4AF273EC19DFA4A" blockId="36.[189,1398,1403,1466]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<collectingRegion id="49B45FB1FFACFFD3E4AF273EC173FA66" box="[189,280,1404,1430]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tasman</collectingRegion>
Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFACFFD3E54C273EC264FA66" author="Vervoort W." box="[350,527,1403,1430]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="97 - 174" refId="ref27334" refString="Vervoort W. 1966. Bathyal and abyssal hydroids. Scientific Results of the Danish Deep-Sea Expedition 1950 - 1952. Galathea Report 8: 97 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1966">Vervoort 1966</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F367D1C3FFACFFD3E635273EC2ACFA65" box="[551,711,1403,1430]" name="New Zealand" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFACFFD3E6CB273EC466FA66" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[729,1037,1404,1430]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref27452" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538. Available from https: // archive. org / details / niwabiodiversitymemoir 01192003 [accessed 12 Aug. 2020]." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F367D1C3FFACFFD3E036273EC4B7FA65" box="[1060,1244,1403,1430]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFACFFD3E0FD273EC156FA49" author="Ansin Agis J. &amp; Vervoort W. &amp; Ramil F." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="33 - 61" refId="ref23923" refString="Ansin Agis J., Vervoort W. &amp; Ramil F. 2009. Hydroids of the family Halopterididae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected in the western Pacific by various French expeditions. Zoosystema 31 (1): 33 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2009 n 1 a 3" type="journal article" year="2009">
Ansín Agís
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFACFFD3E4AF27E2C09BFA49" box="[189,240,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
; present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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