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<document id="541767D219320F5E8FD109202BDCC74D" ID-CLB-Dataset="21028" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.708" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0c523d70-0815-45f8-a69d-1698f78a0998" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4011061" ID-ZooBank="DDF28821-1A4A-4457-BB53-1696F3BFB7B2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598986343633" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R. &amp; Maggioni, Davide" docDate="2020" docId="03D92045FFA5FFC3E6162673C4A0FE9F" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-708_galea_maggioni.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 708" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Thamnopteros uniserius Galea 2020, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="BFE82D80-8626-4B67-B66F-24C230D91882" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFE0583DFF88FFF7E4122242C06BFFF0" masterDocTitle="Plumularioid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1698845772904" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="509CED0C53AA6357E40E25DBF7B6CF77" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="279CDD9744FA6B55DD1086E20560CAB0">
<mods:title id="7640F53833CF4B0297E47CBDFFC2177E">Plumularioid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="413C1BC7C39844D2508A25D2201859DB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C3C189F0DA557BDDB79A5549C91A1C71">
<mods:roleTerm id="4D05922A0C8915B4012158A343ECF9FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D53C6C2B5B456890C6A65D4E91BC23C3">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6049FC604CAFA027AD4145CE45F5C24E" type="LSID">DE5AC672-0243-46F2-A910-AFF4E91A4C5D</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="039F7F2558937BCA33E2506D22492A74">Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, 405 Chemin Les Gatiers, 83170 Tourves, France. Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy. Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Marine and High Education (MaRHE) Center, 12030 Faafu Magoodhoo, Republic of the Maldives.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CC3775CA7BE9C88FA94D8B805B13A455" type="email">horia.galea@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D088319D8755029C0C50B5B3FFB78EA5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="71E7DF81661218ED8443D2FC000FFCAD">
<mods:roleTerm id="2FC504CA2BCBA71B32DA710CAD1689B2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="769AF474315318FE5BD1506F604700BA">Maggioni, Davide</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8393E1E0E93D14414202E9AC2A70A3D4" type="LSID">2A321960-E973-4742-B908-4394C0B9AF43</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CD34DCA65EC93423A4E3101D07F3526A" type="email">davide.maggioni@unimib.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="60922F4382A99C1A7C89C64A1DAD8A3A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="34FD9DB42FCB271D5DE4749A29688DB2">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="FA07AB3335F484383C7B4ED27F0B67EA">
<mods:date id="921A1D35D6D051B7FB18B09DCA5C93CB">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0EE4E6416A37770A7BC42A9E77E450E2" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="904FEDBC9096F917F49F2562C6AB6221">2020-08-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="2B8AA282166A15D77422EBF34478575F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D8B0015F1646EB1E7D9AB831E4030A18">708</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="AFFCD0BD60C9D5CAF93086C901A7166E">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="207F443CADBF497B7E436E4447BC2519">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A128A465E6C110F9F79F67700A32EF23" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2020.708</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="47159A417FBD91E1177518559DFD8E8E" type="GBIF-Dataset">0c523d70-0815-45f8-a69d-1698f78a0998</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EED5A26DA800D83FE593D9806C364793" type="Zenodo-Dep">4011061</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7CF4C4024BEA12D90784C6C3592CAE5B" type="ZooBank">DDF28821-1A4A-4457-BB53-1696F3BFB7B2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D92045FFA5FFC3E6162673C4A0FE9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335886" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167407437" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4335886" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BFE82D80-8626-4B67-B66F-24C230D91882" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D92045FFA5FFC3E6162673C4A0FE9F" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFA5FFDAE6162673C444FBBC" box="[516,1071,1073,1100]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA5FFDAE6162673C444FBBC" blockId="45.[373,1214,1073,1168]" box="[516,1071,1073,1100]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D087263FFFA5FFDAE6162673C444FBBC" box="[516,1071,1073,1100]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFA5FFDAE6162673C313FBBC" ID-CoL="84DSV" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2020" box="[516,888,1073,1100]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Thamnopteros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="uniserius" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA5FFDAE6162673C347FBBC" bold="true" box="[516,812,1073,1100]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Thamnopteros uniserius</emphasis>
Galea
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237F03AFFA5FFDAE76D2670C444FBBC" box="[895,1071,1074,1100]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFA5FFDAE5672616C3F3FB60" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA5FFDAE5672616C4D5FB9E" blockId="45.[373,1214,1073,1168]" box="[373,1214,1108,1134]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<uri id="FFE19D51FFA5FFDAE5672616C4D5FB9E" box="[373,1214,1108,1134]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFD6AB86FFA5FFDAE6862616C4D5FB9E" box="[660,1214,1108,1134]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">BFE82D80-8626-4B67-B66F-24C230D91882</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA5FFDAE6892634C3F3FB60" blockId="45.[373,1214,1073,1168]" box="[667,920,1142,1168]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<figureCitation id="134B8DD6FFA5FFDAE6892634C362FB60" box="[667,777,1142,1168]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,285,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[189,1398,285,1921]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 16. A. Monostaechas fisheri Nutting, 1905, two colonies from sample MNHN-IK-2015-605. — B. Thamnopteros uniserius Galea gen. et sp. nov., holotype colony, MNHN-IK-2015-611. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4011085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4011085/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 16B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134B8DD6FFA5FFDAE7072634C35DFB60" box="[789,822,1142,1168]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="48.[189,232,1719,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[246,1279,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 20 (opposite page). Thamnopteros uniserius Galea gen. et sp. nov., portion of fascicled stem giving rise laterally to a Halopteris-like branch, of which only the proximalmost part, showing the prosegment, is depicted (A); more distal portion of another branch, note slight change in the hydrothecal shape (the arrow indicates a cladial apophysis) (B); two cauline hydrothecae seen laterally, to show variation in the length of the lateral nematothecae (C–D); cladial hydrothecae seen laterally (E) and frontally (F), note differences in the size of the lateral nematothecae belonging to each pair; detail of the hydrothecal axil (G); nematothecae: mesial (H), of the component tubes of the fascicled stem (I), and from above the cauline hydrothecae (J); gonotheca (K); all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-611. Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C–F = 200 µm; G–J = 100 µm; K = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4012157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4012157/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">20</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6F2A4E8FFA5FFDAE7532634C3F3FB60" box="[833,920,1142,1168]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="46.[189,258,268,294]" captionText="Table 9. Measurements of Thamnopteros uniserius Galea gen. et sp. nov., in µm." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Table 9</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFA5FFDAE4AF26F4C53AFA1E" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA5FFDAE4AF26F4C15DFB20" blockId="45.[189,310,1206,1232]" box="[189,310,1206,1232]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D087263FFFA5FFDAE4AF26F4C15DFB20" bold="true" box="[189,310,1206,1232]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA5FFDAE4AF26F4C15DFB20" bold="true" box="[189,310,1206,1232]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA5FFDAE4AF26A6C53AFA1E" blockId="45.[189,1399,1252,1519]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
General description as for the genus. Branches with basal prosegment, followed by a regular succession of modules comprising hydro- and nematothecae, each hydrotheca accompanied by a lateral, cladial apophysis; apophyses alternate; hydrothecae truncated cones, with 5 associated nematothecae and 0–1 nematothecae above; cladia with short, proximal, quadrangular segment, followed by an succession of modules, each bearing a tubular hydrotheca and its complement of 5 nematothecae; no nematothecae between successive cladial hydrothecae. All hydrothecae ca ¼
<superScript id="7C053C1BFFA5FFDAE78327CCC3F4FA6C" attach="left" box="[913,927,1422,1436]" fontSize="6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">rd</superScript>
adnate, with one mesial, a pair of lateral (often of varied length), and two axillar nematothecae; all nematothecae bithalamic. Gonothecae borne on cladia; piriform, with 3 basal, elongated nematothecae, distally truncate, rim rounded, thickened.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFA5FFDAE4AF2457C2B0F98F" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA5FFDAE4AF2457C12FF9DF" blockId="45.[189,324,1557,1583]" box="[189,324,1557,1583]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D087263FFFA5FFDAE4AF2457C12FF9DF" bold="true" box="[189,324,1557,1583]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA5FFDAE4AF2457C12FF9DF" bold="true" box="[189,324,1557,1583]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA5FFDAE4AF2401C2B0F98F" blockId="45.[189,1399,1602,1663]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
From Latin ‘
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA5FFDAE54B2401C1FBF9AC" box="[345,400,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">ūnus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA5FFDAE5B32401C1D1F9AC" box="[417,442,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-a</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA5FFDAE5D92401C268F9AD" box="[459,515,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">-um’</emphasis>
, meaning ‘one’, and ‘
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA5FFDAE7032400C33EF9AC" box="[785,853,1602,1628]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">sěrĭēs</emphasis>
’, meaning ‘row’, to emphasize the unilateral arrangement of branches along the main stem.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFA5FFDAE4AF24E7C2C1F8A5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA5FFDAE4AF24E7C1C1F94F" blockId="45.[189,426,1701,1727]" box="[189,426,1701,1727]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D087263FFFA5FFDAE4AF24E7C1C1F94F" bold="true" box="[189,426,1701,1727]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA5FFDAE4AF24E7C1C1F94F" bold="true" box="[189,426,1701,1727]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA5FFDAE4F82491C137F91D" blockId="45.[189,1399,1747,1877]" box="[234,348,1747,1773]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA5FFDAE4F82491C137F91D" bold="true" box="[234,348,1747,1773]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<typeStatus id="54CB2FF1FFA5FFDAE4F82491C137F91D" box="[234,348,1747,1773]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA5FFDAE4AF24B7C2C1F8A5" blockId="45.[189,1399,1747,1877]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<materialsCitation id="3B189B0EFFA5FFDAE4AF24B7C2C1F8A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2854853338" collectingDate="2016-08-25" collectorName="KANACONO" country="New Caledonia" elevation="1014" latitude="-23.366667" location="PACIFIC OCEAN" longLatPrecision="1256" longitude="167.9" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="MNHN-IK-2015-611" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="8EAFC788FFA5FFDAE4AF24B7C1F0F8FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D92045FFA5FFC3E6162673C4A0FE9F:8EAFC788FFA5FFDAE4AF24B7C1F0F8FF" box="[189,411,1781,1807]" country="New Caledonia" latitude="-23.366667" longLatPrecision="1256" longitude="167.9" name="PACIFIC OCEAN" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">PACIFIC OCEAN</location>
•
<specimenCount id="9D765ADAFFA5FFDAE5AF24B7C211F8FF" box="[445,634,1781,1807]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">1 sterile colony</specimenCount>
broken into two pieces, basal part ca
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFA5FFDAE04524B7C4C0F8FF" box="[1111,1195,1781,1808]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="8.5">8.5 cm</quantity>
high, distal part ca
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFA5FFDAE4F32555C158F8C2" box="[225,307,1815,1842]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="8.7">8.7 cm</quantity>
high; off
<collectingCountry id="F367D1C3FFA5FFDAE5BC255AC202F8C1" box="[430,617,1815,1842]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, stn CP4754;
<geoCoordinate id="EE44F794FFA5FFDAE7012557C317F8C1" box="[787,892,1813,1841]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="-23.366667">23°22′ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE44F794FFA5FFDAE7992557C46EF8C2" box="[907,1029,1813,1842]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="925" value="167.9">167°54′ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFA5FFDAE0062555C4D7F8C2" box="[1044,1212,1815,1842]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.014" metricValueMax="1.019" metricValueMin="1.009" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1014.0" valueMax="1019.0" valueMin="1009.0">
<elevation id="005D7660FFA5FFDAE0062555C4D7F8C2" box="[1044,1212,1815,1842]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.014" metricValueMax="1.019" metricValueMin="1.009" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1014.0" valueMax="1019.0" valueMin="1009.0">1009–1019 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFCEB793FFA5FFDAE0D92555C519F8C1" box="[1227,1394,1815,1842]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2016-08-25">
<collectingDate id="EF8A4E7BFFA5FFDAE0D92555C519F8C1" box="[1227,1394,1815,1842]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2016-08-25">25 Aug. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="2685F485FFA5FFDAE4AF2578C10EF8A4" box="[189,357,1850,1876]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">KANACONO</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="DBD63928FFA5FFDAE5B52578C2CDF8A5" box="[423,678,1850,1877]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">MNHN-IK-2015-611</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFA5FFC7E4AF253EC567FD0A" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<heading id="D087263FFFA5FFDAE4AF253EC125F866" bold="true" box="[189,334,1916,1942]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA5FFDAE4AF253EC125F866" bold="true" box="[189,334,1916,1942]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA5FFC7E4AF25E8C567FD0A" blockId="45.[189,1398,1962,2024]" lastBlockId="48.[189,1399,267,763]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Colony erect, originally ca
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFA5FFDAE5EF25E8C237F835" box="[509,604,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="17.2">17.2 cm</quantity>
high, now broken into two, almost equal parts, of rigid appearance, with brown perisarc, arising from rhizoid stolon. Stem unbranched,
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFA5FFDAE7ED258FC436F818" box="[1023,1117,1997,2024]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
thick at base, strongly fascicled, displaying superficially a number of tortuous tubes that seem to wrap an internal beam of straight counterparts, as shown by a couple of small, less organized areas on surface that reveal a possible sheath-like general structure. Tubes on stem surface provided with two longitudinal, laterally-set rows of opposite nematothecae along their length. Upper half of stem gives rise unilaterally, at regular intervals, to monosiphonic,
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFA6FFD9E58924D0C273F95C" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[411,536,1682,1708]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA6FFD9E58924D0C273F95C" box="[411,536,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Halopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like branches arising from internal beam of component tubes; before each of these tubes becomes free from the fascicled stem, the distal ends of their fused parts become apparent at the surface of the stem for a varied length, displaying on their exposed side two closely-set rows of alternate nematothecae; a short distance (no longer than
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFA6FFD9E7D124BEC46AF8E6" box="[963,1025,1788,1814]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
) after diverging from the stem, each tube acquires suddenly a well-organized structure: a basal prosegment is followed by a regular succession of hydrothecae (with their associated nematothecae) and lateral apophyses supporting the cladia. Except for the prosegment, that is delimited at both ends by deeply-incised, very oblique nodes, the remainder of tube is unsegmented. The prosegment bears a hydrotheca devoid of cladial apophyses, its 5 associated nematothecae (1 mesial, far below the base, 1 pair of laterals and 1 pair of axillar), as well as up to 4 nematothecae in two rows above the hydrotheca. Remainder of tube with modules composed of a hydrotheca and its 5 associated nematothecae (as above), an apophysis lateral to it (except for proximalmost hydrotheca that has a pair), as well as 0–1 nematothecae above the hydrotheca. Hydrothecae shifted alternately left and right; truncated cones in shape (broader at base than at aperture), half free from the ‘internode’; abaxial wall straight, free adaxial wall slightly concave, both with quite thick perisarc; mesial nematotheca movable, with wall of upper chamber lowered on adaxial side; lateral nematothecae borne on fairly-developed apophyses fused distally to the hydrothecal wall, as illustrated by a peg-like projection of perisarc, running frontally for a short distance over the hydrothecal wall; lateral nematothecae of varied length, generally short on proximalmost cormidia, and exceedingly long distally; basal chamber very tall, upper chamber shallow, with circular, entire rim; axillar nematothecae bithalamic, wall of upper chamber slightly lowered on adaxial side. Cladial apophyses short, athecate, shifted laterally so that the two rows of hydrocladia they carry form an acute angle between them. Hydrocladia up to
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFB8FFC7E585204AC1B1FDD2" box="[407,474,520,546]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, unsegmented, except for a short, proximal, quadrangular segment; cladia comprising up to 10 modules, each with one hydrotheca and its 5 associated nematothecae (as above); there are no additional nematothecae between 2 successive hydrothecae; the lateral nematothecae are generally exceedingly tall and often of unequal length. Gonothecae, likely female, borne on cladia, each inserted laterally between the base of a hydrotheca and its mesial nematotheca through a short apophysis; pedicel of one short, quadrangular piece; gonotheca piriform, with 2–3 proximal, quite long nematothecae, distally truncate, with distinctly thickened, circular rim, apparently without lid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0FC1DBFFA6FFD9E4AF234EC418FED6" box="[189,1139,267,294]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA6FFD9E4AF234EC418FED6" blockId="46.[189,1139,267,294]" box="[189,1139,267,294]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA6FFD9E4AF234EC174FED5" bold="true" box="[189,287,267,294]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Table 9.</emphasis>
Measurements of
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFA6FFD9E5EB2349C334FED5" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2020" box="[505,863,267,293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Thamnopteros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="uniserius" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA6FFD9E5EB2349C37EFED5" box="[505,789,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Thamnopteros uniserius</emphasis>
Galea
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237F03AFFA6FFD9E775234EC471FED6" box="[871,1050,268,294]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFA6FFD9E7FF230EC4F9FA26" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<table id="F97063F3FFA60008E4D7230EC485FA26" box="[197,1262,332,1494]" gridcols="2" gridrows="33" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D7230EC485FE96" box="[197,1262,332,358]" gridrow="0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<th id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D7230EC485FE96" box="[197,1262,332,358]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA6FFD9E7FF230EC485FE96" bold="true" box="[1005,1262,332,358]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">MNHN-IK-2015-611</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D7232DC485FE7A" box="[197,1262,367,394]" gridrow="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D7232DC485FE7A" box="[197,1262,367,394]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA6FFD9E4D7232DC250FE7A" bold="true" box="[197,571,367,394]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Axis of
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFA6FFD9E531232DC1C9FE7A" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[291,418,367,394]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA6FFD9E531232DC1C9FE7A" bold="true" box="[291,418,367,394]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Halopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like branch
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D723D1C485FE5E" box="[197,1262,403,430]" gridrow="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D723D1C2D3FE5E" box="[197,696,403,430]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- prosegment, length</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E23D1C485FE5E" box="[1068,1262,403,430]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">1100–1255</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D723F4C485FE21" box="[197,1262,438,465]" gridrow="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D723F4C2D3FE21" box="[197,696,438,465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- diameter</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E23F4C485FE21" box="[1068,1262,438,465]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">190–235</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D72398C485FE05" box="[197,1262,474,501]" gridrow="4" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D72398C2D3FE05" box="[197,696,474,501]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- distance between successive hydrothecae</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E2398C485FE05" box="[1068,1262,474,501]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">485–510</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D723BFC485FDE7" box="[197,1262,509,535]" gridrow="5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D723BFC2D3FDE7" box="[197,696,509,535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA6FFD9E4D723BFC1A6FDE7" bold="true" box="[197,461,509,535]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hydrotheca (branch)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D72063C485FDCC" box="[197,1262,545,572]" gridrow="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D72063C2D3FDCC" box="[197,696,545,572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- free adaxial wall, length</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E2063C485FDCC" box="[1068,1262,545,572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">100–115</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D72006C485FDAF" box="[197,1262,580,607]" gridrow="7" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D72006C2D3FDAF" box="[197,696,580,607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- adnate adaxial wall, length</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E2006C485FDAF" box="[1068,1262,580,607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">155–170</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D7202AC485FD72" box="[197,1262,616,642]" gridrow="8" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D7202AC2D3FD72" box="[197,696,616,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- abaxial wall, length</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E202AC485FD72" box="[1068,1262,616,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">160–190</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D720C9C485FD56" box="[197,1262,651,678]" gridrow="9" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D720C9C2D3FD56" box="[197,696,651,678]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- diameter at rim</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E20C9C485FD56" box="[1068,1262,651,678]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">165–175</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D720EDC485FD39" box="[197,1262,687,713]" gridrow="10" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D720EDC485FD39" box="[197,1262,687,713]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- apophyses for lateral nematothecae, length</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D72090C485FD1D" box="[197,1262,722,749]" gridrow="11" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D72090C2D3FD1D" box="[197,696,722,749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- lateral nematothecae, length</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E2090C485FD1D" box="[1068,1262,722,749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">115–405</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D720B4C485FCE1" box="[197,1262,758,785]" gridrow="12" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D720B4C2D3FCE1" box="[197,696,758,785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- lateral nematothecae, diameter at rim</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E20B4C485FCE1" box="[1068,1262,758,785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">70–75</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D7215BC485FCC3" box="[197,1262,793,819]" gridrow="13" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D7215BC2D3FCC3" box="[197,696,793,819]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA6FFD9E4D7215BC173FCC3" bold="true" box="[197,280,793,819]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Cladia</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D7217EC485FCA7" box="[197,1262,828,855]" gridrow="14" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D7217EC2D3FCA7" box="[197,696,828,855]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- diameter</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E217EC485FCA7" box="[1068,1262,828,855]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">145–165</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D72122C485FC8B" box="[197,1262,864,891]" gridrow="15" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D72122C2D3FC8B" box="[197,696,864,891]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- distance between successive hydrothecae</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E2122C485FC8B" box="[1068,1262,864,891]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">535–555</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D721C1C485FC6E" box="[197,1262,899,926]" gridrow="16" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D721C1C2D3FC6E" box="[197,696,899,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA6FFD9E4D721C6C1B3FC6D" bold="true" box="[197,472,899,926]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hydrotheca (cladium)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D721E5C485FC32" box="[197,1262,935,962]" gridrow="17" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D721E5C2D3FC32" box="[197,696,935,962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- free adaxial wall, length</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E21E5C485FC32" box="[1068,1262,935,962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">85–95</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D72188C485FC15" box="[197,1262,970,997]" gridrow="18" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D72188C2D3FC15" box="[197,696,970,997]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- adnate adaxial wall, length</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E2188C485FC15" box="[1068,1262,970,997]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">205–215</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D721ACC485FBF9" box="[197,1262,1006,1033]" gridrow="19" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D721ACC2D3FBF9" box="[197,696,1006,1033]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- abaxial wall, length</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E21ACC485FBF9" box="[1068,1262,1006,1033]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">175–215</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D72653C485FBDC" box="[197,1262,1041,1068]" gridrow="20" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D72653C2D3FBDC" box="[197,696,1041,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- diameter at rim</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E2653C485FBDC" box="[1068,1262,1041,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">180–205</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D72677C485FBA0" box="[197,1262,1077,1104]" gridrow="21" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D72677C2D3FBA0" box="[197,696,1077,1104]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- lateral nematothecae, length</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E2677C485FBA0" box="[1068,1262,1077,1104]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">155–435</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D7261AC485FB83" box="[197,1262,1112,1139]" gridrow="22" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D7261AC2D3FB83" box="[197,696,1112,1139]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- lateral nematothecae, diameter at rim</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E261AC485FB83" box="[1068,1262,1112,1139]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ca 75</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D7263EC485FB66" box="[197,1262,1148,1174]" gridrow="23" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D7263EC2D3FB66" box="[197,696,1148,1174]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- mesial nematotheca, length</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E263EC485FB66" box="[1068,1262,1148,1174]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">100–110</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D726DDC485FB4A" box="[197,1262,1183,1210]" gridrow="24" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D726DDC2D3FB4A" box="[197,696,1183,1210]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- mesial nematotheca, diameter at rim</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E26DDC485FB4A" box="[1068,1262,1183,1210]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">70–80</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D72680C485FB2D" box="[197,1262,1218,1245]" gridrow="25" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D72680C2D3FB2D" box="[197,696,1218,1245]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- axillar nematotheca, length</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E2680C485FB2D" box="[1068,1262,1218,1245]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">75–85</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D726A4C485FAF1" box="[197,1262,1254,1281]" gridrow="26" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D726A4C2D3FAF1" box="[197,696,1254,1281]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- axillar nematotheca, diameter at rim</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E26A4C485FAF1" box="[1068,1262,1254,1281]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">40–45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D7274BC485FAD3" box="[197,1262,1289,1315]" gridrow="27" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D7274BC2D3FAD3" box="[197,696,1289,1315]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFA6FFD9E4D7274BC127FAD3" bold="true" box="[197,332,1289,1315]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Gonotheca</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D7276FC485FAB8" box="[197,1262,1325,1352]" gridrow="28" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D7276FC2D3FAB8" box="[197,696,1325,1352]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- length w/o pedicel</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E276FC485FAB8" box="[1068,1262,1325,1352]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ca 1055</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D72712C485FA9B" box="[197,1262,1360,1387]" gridrow="29" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D72712C2D3FA9B" box="[197,696,1360,1387]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- maximum width</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E2712C485FA9B" box="[1068,1262,1360,1387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ca 450</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D72736C485FA7E" box="[197,1262,1396,1422]" gridrow="30" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D72736C2D3FA7E" box="[197,696,1396,1422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- diameter at aperture</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E2736C485FA7E" box="[1068,1262,1396,1422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ca 420</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D727D5C485FA42" box="[197,1262,1431,1458]" gridrow="31" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D727D5C2D3FA42" box="[197,696,1431,1458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- nematothecae, length</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E27D5C485FA42" box="[1068,1262,1431,1458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">160–225</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35409311FFA60008E4D727F9C485FA26" box="[197,1262,1467,1494]" gridrow="32" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E4D727F9C2D3FA26" box="[197,696,1467,1494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">- nematothecae, diameter at rim</td>
<td id="7691FA6DFFA60008E03E27F9C485FA26" box="[1068,1262,1467,1494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">70–75</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFB8FFC7E4AF2161C413FC0C" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFB8FFC7E4AF2161C144FCCD" blockId="48.[189,303,803,829]" box="[189,303,803,829]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="D087263FFFB8FFC7E4AF2161C144FCCD" bold="true" box="[189,303,803,829]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E4AF2161C144FCCD" bold="true" box="[189,303,803,829]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFB8FFC7E4AF2110C413FC0C" blockId="48.[189,1399,850,1021]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFB8FFC7E6382110C47DFC9C" authority="(Stechow, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Stechow" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[554,1046,850,876]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Thamnopteros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E6382110C322FC9C" box="[554,841,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Thamnopteros valdiviae</emphasis>
(Stechow, 1923)
</taxonomicName>
in having: 1) all
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFB8FFC7E0FD2110C507FC9C" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[1263,1388,850,876]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E0FD2110C507FC9C" box="[1263,1388,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Halopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- like branchlets given off unilaterally from the stem, instead of pointing in all directions around it; 2) undivided axes and cladia; 3) cladia missing an intervening nematothecate internode between the proximalmost, quadrangular segment and the remainder of cladium; 4) hydrothecae with an even rim, not sinuated laterally; 5) bithalamic instead of scale-shaped axillar nematothecae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFB8FFC7E4AF2666C39EFB9F" box="[189,1013,1060,1135]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFB8FFC7E4AF2666C13DFBCE" blockId="48.[189,342,1060,1086]" box="[189,342,1060,1086]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="D087263FFFB8FFC7E4AF2666C13DFBCE" bold="true" box="[189,342,1060,1086]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E4AF2666C13DFBCE" bold="true" box="[189,342,1060,1086]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFB8FFC7E4AF2616C39EFB9F" blockId="48.[189,1013,1108,1135]" box="[189,1013,1108,1135]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Only known from its
<typeStatus id="54CB2FF1FFB8FFC7E5A82616C186FB9E" box="[442,493,1108,1134]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
locality, off
<collectingCountry id="F367D1C3FFB8FFC7E6932616C35CFB9E" box="[641,823,1108,1134]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC2D8FFB8FFC3E4AF26D9C4A0FE9F" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFB8FFC7E4AF26D9C1EAFB47" blockId="48.[189,385,1178,1207]" box="[189,385,1178,1207]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E4AF26D9C1EAFB47" bold="true" box="[189,385,1178,1207]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Genetic results</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFB8FFC7E4AF2692C26DFA32" blockId="48.[189,1399,1232,1474]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
The newly sequenced specimens were used to build updated phylogenetic hypotheses for the families
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFB8FFC7E4AF26B6C111FAFE" authorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" authorityYear="1890" box="[189,378,1268,1294]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aglaopheniidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFB8FFC7E59926B6C258FAFE" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[395,563,1268,1294]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Plumulariidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFB8FFC7E66E26B6C346FAFE" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1962" box="[636,813,1268,1294]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Halopterididae</taxonomicName>
, based on the 16S rRNA region (
<figureCitation id="134B8DD6FFB8FFC7E0C926B6C501FAFE" box="[1243,1386,1268,1294]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="50.[189,232,1899,1925]" captionStartId-1="50.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionStartId-2="51.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox-0="[188,1399,812,1882]" captionTargetBox-1="[201,1387,265,1754]" captionTargetBox-2="[188,1399,812,1882]" captionTargetId-0="figure@51.[188,1399,812,1882]" captionTargetId-1="figure@50.[201,1387,265,1754]" captionTargetId-2="figure@51.[188,1399,812,1882]" captionTargetPageId-0="51" captionTargetPageId-1="50" captionTargetPageId-2="51" captionText-0="Fig. 21 (opposite page). Phylogenetic hypothesis for the Aglaopheniidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890. Species discussed in this study are highlighted in yellow. Newly produced sequences are in bold. Numbers at nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and maximum likelihood bootstrap supports (BS), respectively, and are shown only when both BPP Ż 0.9 and BS Ż 75." captionText-1="Fig. 22. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the Plumulariidae McCrady, 1859. Species discussed in this study are highlighted in yellow. Newly produced sequences are in bold. Numbers at nodes represent BPP and BS, respectively, and are shown only when both BPP Ż 0.9 and BS Ż 75." captionText-2="Fig. 23. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the Halopterididae Millard, 1962. The species discussed in this study is highlighted in yellow, and the newly-produced sequence is in bold. Numbers at nodes represent BPP and BS, respectively, and are shown only when both BPP Ż 0.9 and BS Ż 75." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4012159" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4011091" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4011093" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4012159/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4011091/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4011093/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figs 21–23</figureCitation>
). Overall, all families showed a pervasive polyphyly of genera, as previously demonstrated by other studies using the same DNA region (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFB8FFC7E6B2277EC302FAA6" author="Galea H. R. &amp; Di Camillo C. G. &amp; Maggioni D. &amp; Montano S. &amp; Schuchert P." box="[672,873,1340,1366]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="21 - 59" refId="ref25051" refString="Galea H. R., Di Camillo C. G., Maggioni D., Montano S. &amp; Schuchert P. 2018. A reassessment of Halopteris polymorpha (Billard, 1913) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with descriptions of three new species. Revue suisse de Zoologie 125: 21 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 1196007" type="journal article" year="2018">
Galea
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E6F8277FC376FAA6" box="[746,797,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFB8FFC7E766277EC423FAA6" author="Moura C. &amp; Lessios H. &amp; Cortes J. &amp; Nizinski M. S. &amp; Reed J. &amp; Santos R. S. &amp; Collins A. G." box="[884,1096,1340,1366]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="17986" refId="ref25878" refString="Moura C., Lessios H., Cortes J., Nizinski M. S., Reed J., Santos R. S. &amp; Collins A. G. 2018. Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy. Scientific Reports 8: 17986. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
Moura
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E7DB277FC390FAA6" box="[969,1019,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
), but non-monophyly was also commonly observed using multi-locus approaches (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFB8FFC7E74D2722C437FA8B" author="Maronna M. M. &amp; Miranda T. P. &amp; Pena Cantero A. L. &amp; Barbeitos M. S. &amp; Marques A. C." box="[863,1116,1376,1403]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref25507" refString="Maronna M. M., Miranda T. P., Pena Cantero A. L., Barbeitos M. S. &amp; Marques A. C. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic classification of Leptothecata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Scientific Reports 6: 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 18075" type="journal article" year="2016">
Maronna
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E7C72723C460FA8A" box="[981,1035,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, a thorough integrative morpho-molecular revision is needed to better define the generic and specific boundaries in these plumularioid families.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFB8FFC7E4AF27A9C51DF981" blockId="48.[189,1399,1514,1649]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
In the
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFB8FFC7E51D27A8C1A2F9F4" authorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" authorityYear="1890" box="[271,457,1514,1540]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aglaopheniidae</taxonomicName>
tree (
<figureCitation id="134B8DD6FFB8FFC7E60627A8C204F9F5" box="[532,623,1514,1541]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[189,232,1899,1925]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,812,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[188,1399,812,1882]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 21 (opposite page). Phylogenetic hypothesis for the Aglaopheniidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890. Species discussed in this study are highlighted in yellow. Newly produced sequences are in bold. Numbers at nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and maximum likelihood bootstrap supports (BS), respectively, and are shown only when both BPP Ż 0.9 and BS Ż 75." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4012159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4012159/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
), the newly produced sequences represent the first genetic data for the analysed species, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFB8FFC7E678244DC400F9D9" authority="(Jaderholm, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[618,1131,1550,1577]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Gymnangium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="expansum">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E678244DC3ECF9D8" box="[618,903,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Gymnangium expansum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFB8FFC7E78A244CC409F9D9" author="Jaderholm E." box="[920,1122,1550,1577]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="259 - 312" refId="ref25274" refString="Jaderholm E. 1903. Aussereuropaische Hydroiden im schwedischen Reichsmuseum. Arkiv for Zoologi 1: 259 - 312." type="journal article" year="1903">Jäderholm, 1903</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, which clusters with a conspecific sequence. Sequences of the recently-described
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFB8FFC7E76E2471C574F9BD" authority="Galea, 2020" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2020" box="[892,1311,1586,1613]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Cladocarpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pennatus">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E76E2471C4EDF9BC" box="[892,1158,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Cladocarpus pennatus</emphasis>
Galea, 2020
</taxonomicName>
cluster in a monophyletic group, divergent from all other
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFB8FFC7E7092415C3D8F981" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1874" box="[795,947,1623,1649]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Cladocarpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E7092415C3D8F981" box="[795,947,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Cladocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequences, and the same happens for
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0FC1DBFFB8FFC7E4AF24F5C35FF81C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4012157" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4012157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4012157/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[246,1279,265,2019]" targetPageId="49">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFB8FFC7E4AF24F5C35FF81C" blockId="48.[189,1399,1719,2028]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E4AF24F5C17AF922" bold="true" box="[189,273,1719,1746]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 20</emphasis>
(opposite page).
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFB8FFC7E5C924FAC32BF922" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2020" box="[475,832,1720,1746]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Thamnopteros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="uniserius" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E5C924FAC29DF922" box="[475,758,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Thamnopteros uniserius</emphasis>
Galea
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237F03AFFB8FFC7E75A24FAC393F922" box="[840,1016,1720,1746]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, portion of fascicled stem giving rise laterally to a
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFB8FFC7E5972499C269F905" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[389,514,1755,1781]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Halopteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFB8FFC7E5972499C269F905" box="[389,514,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Halopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like branch, of which only the proximalmost part, showing the prosegment, is depicted (A); more distal portion of another branch, note slight change in the hydrothecal shape (the arrow indicates a cladial apophysis) (B); two cauline hydrothecae seen laterally, to show variation in the length of the lateral nematothecae (C–D); cladial hydrothecae seen laterally (E) and frontally (F), note differences in the size of the lateral nematothecae belonging to each pair; detail of the hydrothecal axil (G); nematothecae: mesial (H), of the component tubes of the fascicled stem (I), and from above the cauline hydrothecae (J); gonotheca (K); all from sample MNHN-IK-2015-611. Scale bars: A–B =
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFB8FFC7E4AF2593C170F81C" box="[189,283,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 µm</quantity>
; C–F =
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFB8FFC7E56B2593C1B3F81C" box="[377,472,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
; G–J =
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFB8FFC7E6202593C2FAF81C" box="[562,657,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
; K =
<quantity id="4C883CB6FFB8FFC7E6C32593C35BF81C" box="[721,816,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0FC1DBFFBAFFC5E4AF24BEC47BF8A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4011091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4011091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4011091/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[189,232,1788,1814]" targetBox="[201,1387,265,1754]" targetPageId="50">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFBAFFC5E4AF24BEC47BF8A7" blockId="50.[189,1399,1788,1879]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBAFFC5E4AF24BEC172F8E6" bold="true" box="[189,281,1788,1814]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 22.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic hypothesis for the
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBAFFC5E68E24BEC469F8E7" authority="McCrady, 1859" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[668,1026,1788,1815]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Plumulariidae McCrady, 1859</taxonomicName>
. Species discussed in this study are highlighted in yellow. Newly produced sequences are in bold. Numbers at nodes represent BPP and BS, respectively, and are shown only when both BPP Ż 0.9 and BS Ż 75.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0FC1DBFFBAFFC5E4AF2529C4E5F819" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4012159" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4012159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4012159/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[189,232,1899,1925]" targetBox="[188,1399,812,1882]" targetPageId="51">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFBAFFC5E4AF2529C4E5F819" blockId="50.[189,1399,1899,2025]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBAFFC5E4AF2529C17DF875" bold="true" box="[189,278,1899,1925]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 21</emphasis>
(opposite page). Phylogenetic hypothesis for the
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBAFFC5E7652529C090F855" authority="Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890" authorityName="Marktanner-Turneretscher" authorityYear="1890" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aglaopheniidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890</taxonomicName>
. Species discussed in this study are highlighted in yellow. Newly produced sequences are in bold. Numbers at nodes represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and maximum likelihood bootstrap supports (BS), respectively, and are shown only when both BPP Ż 0.9 and BS Ż 75.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFBBFFC4E4AF2349C13CFE42" blockId="51.[189,1399,267,435]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E4AF2349C296FED5" authority="Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003" authorityName="Vervoort &amp; Watson" authorityYear="2003" box="[189,765,267,294]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="digitulus">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E4AF2349C1A8FED5" box="[189,451,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Aglaophenia digitulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFBBFFC4E5D8234EC296FED5" author="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E." box="[458,765,267,294]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref27452" refString="Vervoort W. &amp; Watson J. E. 2003. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1 - 538. Available from https: // archive. org / details / niwabiodiversitymemoir 01192003 [accessed 12 Aug. 2020]." type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, highlighting the peculiar nature of these species and their possible belonging to other genera. Finally,
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E71F236DC4BDFEB9" authority="Schuchert, 2003" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="2003" box="[781,1238,302,329]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Cladocarpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="keiensis">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E71F236DC460FEB9" box="[781,1035,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cladocarpus keiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFBBFFC4E006236CC4BDFEB9" author="Schuchert P." box="[1044,1238,302,329]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="137 - 256" refId="ref26562" refString="Schuchert P. 2003. Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia 27 (2): 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
clusters with
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E4AF2310C25BFE9D" authority="Schuchert, 2005" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="2005" box="[189,560,338,365]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Cladocarpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unilateralis">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E4AF2310C10CFE9C" box="[189,359,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. unilateralis</emphasis>
Schuchert, 2005
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E6792310C3F6FE9C" authority="Jaderholm, 1919" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1919" box="[619,925,338,364]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Cladocarpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bocki">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E6792310C2A5FE9C" box="[619,718,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C. bocki</emphasis>
Jäderholm, 1919
</taxonomicName>
, and all together form a fully-supported monophyletic group with 3 species of
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E66B2337C372FE7F" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[633,793,373,399]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Streptocaulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E66B2337C372FE7F" box="[633,793,373,399]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Streptocaulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, suggesting that the scope of these genera is in need of a revision.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFBBFFC4E4AF239BC374FD1A" blockId="51.[189,1399,473,747]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Regarding the
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E578239BC264FE03" authorityName="McCrady" authorityYear="1859" box="[362,527,473,499]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Plumulariidae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134B8DD6FFBBFFC4E60C239BC21DFE04" box="[542,630,473,500]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[201,1387,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 22. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the Plumulariidae McCrady, 1859. Species discussed in this study are highlighted in yellow. Newly produced sequences are in bold. Numbers at nodes represent BPP and BS, respectively, and are shown only when both BPP Ż 0.9 and BS Ż 75." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4011091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4011091/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
), the newly-produced sequence of
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E01D2398C16AFDE7" authority="(Stechow, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Stechow" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Dentitheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="habereri">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E01D2398C490FE04" box="[1039,1275,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Dentitheca habereri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFBBFFC4E118239BC092FDE7" author="Stechow E." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 111" refId="ref26729" refString="Stechow E. 1909. Hydroidpolypen der japanischen Ostk ʾ ste. I. Teil: Athecata und Plumularidae. Abhandlungen der Koniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Supplementband zu den Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse 1 (6): 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="1909">Stechow, 1909</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
clusters with a conspecific sequence from
<collectingCountry id="F367D1C3FFBBFFC4E6E223BFC35DFDE7" box="[752,822,509,535]" name="Japan" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Japan</collectingCountry>
, and this species is closely-related to
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E0F723BCC51CFDE7" authorityName="Galea &amp; Maggioni" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Ansin Agis et al." baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1253,1399,510,535]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Dentitheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contraria" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E0F723BCC51CFDE7" box="[1253,1399,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">D. contraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237F03AFFBBFFC4E4AF2062C155FDCB" box="[189,318,544,571]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(confirming the assumption based on morphological grounds alone, see above), even though with low nodal support, and with
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E6492006C3A9FDAD" authority="(Nutting, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[603,962,579,605]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E6492006C290FDAD" box="[603,763,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">D. dendritica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFBBFFC4E71F2001C3D2FDAD" author="Nutting C. C." box="[781,953,579,605]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref25959" refString="Nutting C. C. 1900. American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin of the United States National Museum 4 (1): 1 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1327" type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E06B2001C523FDAD" box="[1145,1352,579,605]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Schizoplumularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E06B2001C523FDAD" box="[1145,1352,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Schizoplumularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are sister to the group composed of the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E7192024C3E7FD70" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1919" box="[779,908,614,640]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Dentitheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E7192024C3E7FD70" box="[779,908,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Dentitheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mentioned above, and the two species,
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E4AF20C8C292FD53" authority="Ansin Agis et al., 2016" authorityName="Ansin Agis" authorityYear="2016" box="[189,761,649,676]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Schizoplumularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E4AF20C8C187FD54" box="[189,492,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Schizoplumularia elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFBBFFC4E5E320C8C292FD53" author="Ansin Agis J. &amp; Ramil F. &amp; Calder D. R." box="[497,761,649,676]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="57 - 86" refId="ref24050" refString="Ansin Agis J., Ramil F. &amp; Calder D. R. 2016. One new genus and three new species of plumulariid hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Plumulariidae) from the western Pacific Ocean, with a re-examination of Plumularia insignis Allman, 1883 and related taxa. Zootaxa 4169 (1): 57 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4169.1.3" type="journal article" year="2016">
Ansín Agís
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E66A20C8C2C1FD54" box="[632,682,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
., 2016
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E73C20C8C3B9FD54" authority="Galea &amp; Maggioni, 2020" authorityName="Galea &amp; Maggioni" authorityYear="2020" box="[814,978,650,676]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Schizoplumularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="helicoidalis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E73C20C8C3B9FD54" box="[814,978,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. helicoidalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237F03AFFBBFFC4E7CA20C8C45AFD54" box="[984,1073,650,676]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
do not form a monophyletic group in our phylogenetic hypothesis. Sequences of
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E70D20EFC385FD37" box="[799,1006,685,711]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Schizoplumularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E70D20EFC385FD37" box="[799,1006,685,711]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Schizoplumularia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. and
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E04F20ECC484FD37" authorityName="Galea &amp; Maggioni" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Ansin Agis et al." baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1117,1263,686,711]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Dentitheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contraria" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E04F20ECC484FD37" box="[1117,1263,686,711]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">D. contraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237F03AFFBBFFC4E0E420EFC51CFD37" box="[1270,1399,685,711]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were also produced for the first time with this work.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0FC1DBFFBBFFC4E4AF25CAC417F81A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4011093" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4011093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4011093/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[188,1399,812,1882]" targetPageId="51">
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFBBFFC4E4AF25CAC417F81A" blockId="51.[189,1399,1928,2026]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBBFFC4E4AF25CAC177F852" bold="true" box="[189,284,1928,1954]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 23.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic hypothesis for the
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBBFFC4E6BE25CAC467F852" authority="Millard, 1962" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1962" box="[684,1036,1928,1954]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
Halopterididae
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFBBFFC4E77625CAC467F852" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[868,1036,1928,1954]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="261 - 319" refId="ref25723" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1962. The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part I. The Plumulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (11): 261 - 319." type="journal article" year="1962">Millard, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The species discussed in this study is highlighted in yellow, and the newly-produced sequence is in bold. Numbers at nodes represent BPP and BS, respectively, and are shown only when both BPP Ż 0.9 and BS Ż 75.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCF9153FFBCFFC3E4AF2349C4A0FE9F" blockId="52.[189,1398,267,368]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Finally, the sequence of
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBCFFC3E5FC2349C446FED5" authority="Ansin Agis et al., 2009" authorityName="Ansin Agis" authorityYear="2009" box="[494,1069,267,294]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Corhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pauciarmanta">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBCFFC3E5FC2349C296FED5" box="[494,765,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Corhiza pauciarmanta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFBCFFC3E7152349C446FED5" author="Ansin Agis J. &amp; Vervoort W. &amp; Ramil F." box="[775,1069,267,294]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="33 - 61" refId="ref23923" refString="Ansin Agis J., Vervoort W. &amp; Ramil F. 2009. Hydroids of the family Halopterididae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) collected in the western Pacific by various French expeditions. Zoosystema 31 (1): 33 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2009 n 1 a 3" type="journal article" year="2009">
Ansín Agis
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBCFFC3E78E234EC3BFFED5" box="[924,980,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
., 2009
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in the
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBCFFC3E0822349C555FED5" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1962" box="[1168,1342,267,293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Halopterididae</taxonomicName>
tree (
<figureCitation id="134B8DD6FFBCFFC3E4D42372C14BFEBA" box="[198,288,304,330]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,812,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[188,1399,812,1882]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 23. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the Halopterididae Millard, 1962. The species discussed in this study is highlighted in yellow, and the newly-produced sequence is in bold. Numbers at nodes represent BPP and BS, respectively, and are shown only when both BPP Ż 0.9 and BS Ż 75." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4011093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4011093/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
), forms a fully supported group with
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBCFFC3E6E02372C4C3FEBA" authority="Schuchert, 1997" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityYear="1997" box="[754,1192,304,330]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kiwiana">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBCFFC3E6E02372C3B1FEBA" box="[754,986,304,330]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Antennella kiwiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1ECA2FFBCFFC3E7F72372C4C3FEBA" author="Schuchert P." box="[997,1192,304,330]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref26517" refString="Schuchert P. 1997. Review of the family Halopterididae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 309: 1 - 162. Available from https: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 149017 [accessed 12 Aug. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1997">Schuchert, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C70EAD0FFBCFFC3E0FA2373C11BFE9F" authority="(Hincks, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="siliquosa">
<emphasis id="B9044D41FFBCFFC3E0FA2373C51DFEBA" box="[1256,1398,304,331]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A. siliquosa</emphasis>
(Hincks, 1877)
</taxonomicName>
, and represents the first genetic data obtained for both genus and species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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