198 lines
25 KiB
XML
198 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="953B843C6E4FDB636EDA1101365C476D">Amphibians and reptiles in North Sweden: distribution, habitat affinities, and abundance (Classes: Amphibia and Reptilia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C803E2D100DE801C77D23E17998C865B">Elmberg, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="EDA3468E439049309D34CA42579C5EC8">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BE87CBFF8A4A6AB8887B86400FF9AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87CBFF8A4A6AB8887B86400FF9AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87CBFF8A4A6AB8887B86400FF9AC" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
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<subSubSection id="C30D6556FF8A4A65B8887B86463BF93D" box="[151,821,1698,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF8A4A65B8887B86463BF93D" blockId="7.[151,821,1698,1725]" box="[151,821,1698,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
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<heading id="D0E081B1FF8A4A65B8887B86463BF93D" bold="true" box="[151,821,1698,1725]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B963EACFFF8A4A65B8887B86463BF93D" bold="true" box="[151,821,1698,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
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Great Crested Newt
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF8A4A65B9877B87463BF93D" ID-CoL="595F4" ID-ENA="8323" authority="(Laurenti 1768)" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[408,821,1698,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
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<emphasis id="B963EACFFF8A4A65B9877B874765F93C" bold="true" box="[408,619,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Triturus cristatus</emphasis>
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(Laurenti 1768)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D6556FF8A4A6AB8887BCE47B0FCB8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF8A4A65B8887BCE4435F8CC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1770,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
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<emphasis id="B963EACFFF8A4A65B8887BCE4427F885" bold="true" box="[151,297,1770,1796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Distribution</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF8A4A65B9227BCF44ADF884" box="[317,419,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[161,1426,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of Triturus cristatus in North Sweden.Areas colored darker denote more continuous range, and lighter color areas where records are more scattered. Likely disjunct occurrences are shown by filled circles and an offshore record by a triangle. A question mark shows area where presence is likely but has not been documented." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030442/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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). Included records from
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<emphasis id="B963EACFFF8A4A65BAD37BCF4641F884" box="[716,847,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Artportalen</emphasis>
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(N=320): due to risk of confusion with the more widespread
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF8A4A65B9017A2B44F4F8A8" box="[286,506,1807,1833]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Lissotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis id="B963EACFFF8A4A65B9017A2B44F4F8A8" box="[286,506,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Lissotriton vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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only records documented by a photograph or made by experienced observers have been included.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF8A4A6AB8D87A734400FE08" blockId="7.[151,1437,1770,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1581]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
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Widely distributed in the Southern Boreal; in a regular sampling grid covering the entire provinces of Gästrikland and Hälsingland,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF8A4A65B9417A5F470FF814" author="Sterner, M." box="[350,513,1914,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" pagination="19" refId="ref18352" refString="Sterner, M. (2005) Inventering av Vattensalamandrar i Gavleborgs lan 2005. Rapport, Naturenheten Lansstyrelsen i Gavleborgs lan, Gavle, 2005, 19. [unknown pagination, in Swedish]" type="book chapter" year="2005">Sterner (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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found the species in 21% of 111 squares in which randomly selected wetlands (<1 hectare, presumed free from predatory fish) were investigated. It is more evenly distributed in Gästrikland than in Hälsingland, and in both provinces there is a clear pattern of more numerous occurrence in areas near the coast. In a similar randomized survey of Medelpad and southern Ångermanland,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6ABC1E7DB3400DFF30" author="Olofsson, F. & Persbo, F. & Ohmark, S." box="[1025,1283,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="9" refId="ref17374" refString="Olofsson, F., Persbo, F. & Ohmark, S. (2008) Inventering av storre vattensalamander Triturus cristatus i Vasternorrlands lan 2006. Lansstyrelsen Vasternorrland Miljoavdelningen Rapport Harnosand, 2008, 9. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Olofsson
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<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6ABC6E7DB341A3FF30" box="[1137,1197,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
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(2008)
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</bibRefCitation>
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recorded the species in 3% of 155 randomly selected small wetlands. In coastal southern Medelpad the occurrence is more or less continuous (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6AB94C7DFB474BFF78" author="Aronsson, A. & Karlberg, A. & Persson, B. & Ohrling, H. & Gothe, L." box="[339,581,222,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" refId="ref15498" refString="Aronsson, A., Karlberg, A., Persson, B., Ohrling, H. & Gothe, L. (2005) Oversiktlig kustinventering 2002 - 2004. Lansstyrelsen Vasternorrland, avdelningen for Kultur och natur. Rapport, 2005, 3. [in Swedish]" type="journal volume" year="2005">
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Aronsson
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<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6AB9D67DFB470CFF78" box="[457,514,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
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2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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), as it is in coastal Hälsingland and Gästrikland. In the Middle Boreal there are scattered records north to 63
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<superScript id="7C629B95FF854A6ABA1B7C27472DFE9C" attach="right" box="[516,547,259,285]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">oN</superScript>
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, most of which from east-central
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<collectingRegion id="49D3F83FFF854A6ABBBE7C274104FE9C" box="[929,1034,259,285]" country="Sweden" name="Jamtland" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Jämtland</collectingRegion>
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. A recent photo-documented record in NE Ångermanland suggests that the species may range further north along the coast than currently known. The only record from the Northern Boreal during the study period is a possibly disjunct occurrence in western
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<collectingRegion id="49D3F83FFF854A6ABD287C6F4092FEE4" box="[1335,1436,331,357]" country="Sweden" name="Jamtland" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Jämtland</collectingRegion>
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(
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<figureCitation id="132C2A58FF854A6AB8807C4B440FFE08" box="[159,257,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[161,1426,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of Triturus cristatus in North Sweden.Areas colored darker denote more continuous range, and lighter color areas where records are more scattered. Likely disjunct occurrences are shown by filled circles and an offshore record by a triangle. A question mark shows area where presence is likely but has not been documented." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8030442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8030442/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF854A6AB8D87CB744CDFE74" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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Although most known extant breeding sites are in coastal lowland, at least three are at
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<quantity id="4CEF9B38FF854A6ABCA27CB74031FE2C" box="[1213,1343,403,429]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="300.0">300–400 m</quantity>
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altitude (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6AB8807C93444CFE50" author="Elmberg, J." box="[159,322,438,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="57 - 82" refId="ref16209" refString="Elmberg, J. (1995) Groddjurens och kraldjurens utbredning i Norrland. Natur i Norr, 15 (2), 57 - 82. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="1995">Elmberg 1995</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6AB9527C93473DFE50" author="Olofsson, F. & Persbo, F. & Ohmark, S." box="[333,563,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="9" refId="ref17374" refString="Olofsson, F., Persbo, F. & Ohmark, S. (2008) Inventering av storre vattensalamander Triturus cristatus i Vasternorrlands lan 2006. Lansstyrelsen Vasternorrland Miljoavdelningen Rapport Harnosand, 2008, 9. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Olofsson
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<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6AB9A77C9344FEFE50" box="[440,496,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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). An extinct population at Långselberget (Lycksele lappmark (Middle Boreal)) was even higher, at
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<specimenCount id="9D11FD54FF854A6AB96A7CFF44CDFE74" box="[373,451,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="generic">
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<quantity id="4CEF9B38FF854A6AB96A7CFF44B1FE74" box="[373,447,475,501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF854A6AB8D87CDB4010FDE0" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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Offshore occurrence is known from only one site in North
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<collectingCountry id="F300764DFF854A6ABB767CDB46CCFD98" box="[873,962,511,537]" name="Sweden" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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(Kråkön, Hälsingland). However, several breeding wetlands on the mainland are very near the sea (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6ABB3F7F0746BBFDBC" author="Sterner, M." box="[800,949,546,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="19" refId="ref18352" refString="Sterner, M. (2005) Inventering av Vattensalamandrar i Gavleborgs lan 2005. Rapport, Naturenheten Lansstyrelsen i Gavleborgs lan, Gavle, 2005, 19. [unknown pagination, in Swedish]" type="book chapter" year="2005">Sterner 2005</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6ABBDE7F0741A5FDBC" author="Olofsson, F. & Persbo, F. & Ohmark, S." box="[961,1195,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="9" refId="ref17374" refString="Olofsson, F., Persbo, F. & Ohmark, S. (2008) Inventering av storre vattensalamander Triturus cristatus i Vasternorrlands lan 2006. Lansstyrelsen Vasternorrland Miljoavdelningen Rapport Harnosand, 2008, 9. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Olofsson
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<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6ABC317F074169FDBC" box="[1070,1127,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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). This indicates a fair general dispersal capacity, since such wetlands, created by land uplift, are often less than 200 years old.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF854A6AB8D87F4F47B0FCB8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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One local extinction has been documented in the Middle Boreal: the isolated occurrence in Lycksele lappmark, comprising only neotenic individuals, went extinct due to fish introduction in the 1960’s (Långselberget, Stensele;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6AB8887F97449DFD4C" author="Gislen T. & Kauri H." box="[151,403,690,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="197 - 397" refId="ref16560" refString="Gislen T. & Kauri H. (1959) Zoogeography of the Swedish amphibians and reptiles, with notes on their growth and ecology. Acta Vertebratica, 1 (3), 197 - 397." type="journal article" year="1959">Gislén & Kauri 1959</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6AB9BC7F97474DFD4C" author="Dolmen, D." box="[419,579,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="171 - 177" refId="ref15964" refString="Dolmen, D. (1978) De neotene salamanderne (" skrattabborrene ") ved Stensele. Fauna och Flora, 73 (4), 171 - 177. [in Norwegian]" type="journal article" year="1978">Dolmen 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6ABA4C7F974689FD4C" author="Elmberg, J. & Ericsson, S." box="[595,903,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref16314" refString="Elmberg, J. & Ericsson, S. (1983) Skrattabbarn - om mindre vattenodlan Triturus vulgaris (L.) i Vasterbottens lan. Natur i Norr, 2 (1), 1 - 22. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="1983">Elmberg & Ericsson 1983</bibRefCitation>
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). There is not any indication that the general distribution has changed recently in North
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<collectingCountry id="F300764DFF854A6ABA9F7FF347D2FD70" box="[640,732,727,753]" name="Sweden" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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||
. Instead, the species has previously been much overlooked. It is more widespread, more numerous, and the range more extensive to the northwest than depicted in any previous source (cf.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6AB90B7E3B470DFCB8" author="Gislen T. & Kauri H." box="[276,515,798,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="197 - 397" refId="ref16560" refString="Gislen T. & Kauri H. (1959) Zoogeography of the Swedish amphibians and reptiles, with notes on their growth and ecology. Acta Vertebratica, 1 (3), 197 - 397." type="journal article" year="1959">Gislén & Kauri 1959</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6ABA107E3B47BCFCB8" author="Elmberg, J." box="[527,690,798,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="57 - 82" refId="ref16209" refString="Elmberg, J. (1995) Groddjurens och kraldjurens utbredning i Norrland. Natur i Norr, 15 (2), 57 - 82. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="1995">Elmberg 1995</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30D6556FF854A6AB8D87E664444FAF8" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="biology_ecology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF854A6AB8D87E6647B5FBB4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
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||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6AB8D87E6644E6FCDC" bold="true" box="[199,488,834,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Habitat and movements</emphasis>
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. Most known breeding wetlands in North
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<collectingCountry id="F300764DFF854A6ABBD27E674128FCDC" box="[973,1062,835,861]" name="Sweden" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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are small fishless tarns bordered by coniferous forest (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6AB9D07E434768FC00" author="Sterner, M." box="[463,614,870,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="19" refId="ref18352" refString="Sterner, M. (2005) Inventering av Vattensalamandrar i Gavleborgs lan 2005. Rapport, Naturenheten Lansstyrelsen i Gavleborgs lan, Gavle, 2005, 19. [unknown pagination, in Swedish]" type="book chapter" year="2005">Sterner 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6ABA697E434665FC00" author="Olofsson, F. & Persbo, F. & Ohmark, S." box="[630,875,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="9" refId="ref17374" refString="Olofsson, F., Persbo, F. & Ohmark, S. (2008) Inventering av storre vattensalamander Triturus cristatus i Vasternorrlands lan 2006. Lansstyrelsen Vasternorrland Miljoavdelningen Rapport Harnosand, 2008, 9. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Olofsson
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6ABAF87E43462DFC00" box="[743,803,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These wetlands are generally oligotrophic and have floating mats of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D5EFF854A6AB9857EAF471EFC24" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[410,528,907,933]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6AB9857EAF471EFC24" box="[410,528,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Sphagnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along the shore. However, in coastal areas a fair number of breeding sites of anthropogenic origin are known: farmland ponds, disused fishponds, peat quarries, gravel pits, and golf course ponds. Many of these are meso- to eutrophic and thus more resemble typical breeding habitats in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F300764DFF854A6ABD227EF74097FC6C" box="[1341,1433,979,1005]" name="Sweden" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Most known breeding wetlands are permanent, but some are more ephemeral, such as depressions in wet forest and rock pools near the Baltic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6AB9DA793F47A1FBB4" author="Olofsson, F. & Persbo, F. & Ohmark, S." box="[453,687,1051,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="9" refId="ref17374" refString="Olofsson, F., Persbo, F. & Ohmark, S. (2008) Inventering av storre vattensalamander Triturus cristatus i Vasternorrlands lan 2006. Lansstyrelsen Vasternorrland Miljoavdelningen Rapport Harnosand, 2008, 9. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Olofsson
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6ABA2C793F4762FBB4" box="[563,620,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF854A6AB8D8791B4099FBFC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Observations of moving or migrating individuals are exceedingly few. Their scarcity and location strongly suggest very limited movements away from breeding wetlands and imply a largely aquatic lifestyle in summer, too.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF854A6AB8D879A347ADFA8C" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
Summer habitat use is almost unknown; a few records of terrestrial adults have been made, mainly under woody debris or in brooks in old spruce-dominated forest near breeding wetlands. During field work at Galtström (Medelpad) August 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C629B95FF854A6AB99C79EB4480FB5C" attach="none" box="[387,398,1231,1245]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">st</superScript>
|
||
, we found active adults on land and in a nearby breeding pond, as well as hiding under woody debris in the upper part of the seashore littoral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF854A6AB8D878334444FAF8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
Nothing is known about hibernation habits in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F300764DFF854A6ABB0278334676FAB0" box="[797,888,1303,1329]" name="Sweden" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
, that is, whether terrestrial or aquatic. However, aquatic hibernation must have been the rule in the extinct neotenic population at Stensele in Lycksele lappmark (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6AB880787B4430FAF8" author="Dolmen, D." box="[159,318,1375,1401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="171 - 177" refId="ref15964" refString="Dolmen, D. (1978) De neotene salamanderne (" skrattabborrene ") ved Stensele. Fauna och Flora, 73 (4), 171 - 177. [in Norwegian]" type="journal article" year="1978">Dolmen 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D6556FF854A6AB8D878A6400FF9AC" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF854A6AB8D878A647B1F988" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6AB8D878A64746FA1C" bold="true" box="[199,584,1410,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Abundance estimates and trends</emphasis>
|
||
. There are not any data about local abundance. Given the patchy distribution, suggesting abundance estimates for larger areas is unwise. However, the surveys by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6ABC45788341F0FA40" author="Sterner, M." box="[1114,1278,1446,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="19" refId="ref18352" refString="Sterner, M. (2005) Inventering av Vattensalamandrar i Gavleborgs lan 2005. Rapport, Naturenheten Lansstyrelsen i Gavleborgs lan, Gavle, 2005, 19. [unknown pagination, in Swedish]" type="book chapter" year="2005">Sterner (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B2CFF854A6ABD287883442BFA64" author="Olofsson, F. & Persbo, F. & Ohmark, S." pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="9" refId="ref17374" refString="Olofsson, F., Persbo, F. & Ohmark, S. (2008) Inventering av storre vattensalamander Triturus cristatus i Vasternorrlands lan 2006. Lansstyrelsen Vasternorrland Miljoavdelningen Rapport Harnosand, 2008, 9. [in Swedish]" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Olofsson
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EACFFF854A6AB88878EF45DEFA64" box="[151,208,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which covered a mere fraction of the suitable wetlands in the Southern Boreal suggest there must be several hundred breeding wetlands in this region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836DDFF854A6AB8887B37400FF9AC" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[151,1281,1554,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">There are no indications of changes in abundance over the last 50 years, apart from local extinctions.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |