495 lines
80 KiB
XML
495 lines
80 KiB
XML
<document id="6EC76D3083DE30D63A8A1570433884A7" ID-CLB-Dataset="21207" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ffdfb2b7-ecf7-4eef-a826-cbaeed24bb17" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994811" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598027921682" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H. & Grischenko, Andrei V." docDate="2016" docId="03BE87C2D1085C1963D7FF74FE8DFC40" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.51.3-4.141-266.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Rhynchozoon maculosum Dick & Grischenko 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="245" masterDocId="FF87FFBAD16C5C716215FFFAFF85FFE8" masterDocTitle="Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="241" updateTime="1698845144665" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A35E07FB5FC4FA4497F9936EFFCE2FBB">
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<mods:title id="035256927FC61A6772D751313722F842">Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5C60D8968AF4297797D775C0210E9555" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8A78ABDA903CE5818D79508447A9F5CF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2B482D9C6B8F036738297A204C37CB8D">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="35FB013E3D3743399CBB0D31FFC8D433">Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1E268162BC34F1F9F82834780A898030">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4433C61EF24DB665D57B97EB77B33689">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1F1D02DC001887E29A37F20FA5490404">Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Aquatic Ecology, Biological Faculty, Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="05EA8AB58A34A13FD4EA42141A5B8D6F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F7F802FCE3F78BBBE334E4B4478086A3">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C448B1CDD48D8D4C9BD1CE86145E9D95">
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<mods:date id="12E6449204FC704B99865E40D782C429">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="06B8B8E24F983246D5C44031F6A3FF54">2016-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E7088DBFF42C7BBE69856E1485A3DA11" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="42A9868251406FE8408AA3FC09B26A50">51</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="C0C826DA32AA0956324438AEB7B37FBA">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="3F64D6FE92482EA9E48704D54608F51E" type="CLB-Dataset">21207</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BE87C2D1085C1963D7FF74FE8DFC40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4333644" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167288408" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4333644" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1085C1963D7FF74FE8DFC40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87C2D1085C1963D7FF74FE8DFC40" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">
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<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1085C1563D7FF74FCE7FF4F" box="[450,866,142,167]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1085C1563D7FF74FCE7FF4F" blockId="100.[450,866,142,202]" box="[450,866,142,167]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">
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<heading id="D0E081B8D1085C1563D7FF74FCE7FF4F" box="[450,866,142,167]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1085C1563D7FF74FD79FF4F" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[450,764,142,167]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="maculosum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1085C1563D7FF74FD79FF4F" bold="true" box="[450,764,142,167]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" reason="3">Rhynchozoon maculosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD1085C156110FF74FCE7FF4F" box="[773,866,142,167]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1085C156015FF4BFCA6FF22" box="[512,803,177,202]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1085C156015FF4BFCA6FF22" blockId="100.[450,866,142,202]" box="[512,803,177,202]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">
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<heading id="D0E081B8D1085C156015FF4BFCA6FF22" box="[512,803,177,202]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" reason="2">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1085C15601DFF4BFD01FF22" box="[520,644,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="100.[160,225,1555,1578]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 35. Rhynchozoon maculosum sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1186 (paratype), colony view, showing characteristic ‘peppered’ appearance due to areolae; (b) NSMT-Te 1184 (paratype), autozooids at colony margin, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) NSMT-Te 1190, autozooids at colony margin, showing orifice shape and position of suboral avicularium; (d) NSMT-Te 1183 (holotype), autozooids; (e) NSMT-Te 1190, ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NHMUK 2016.5.13.73 (paratype), ovicelled autozooids, with abundant frontal avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994881/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">Figures 35</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1085C1560D6FF4BFD64FF22" box="[707,737,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="101.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Figure 36. Interzooidal epibiont in two Rhynchozoon species. (a–d) Rhynchozoon maculosum, NSMT- Te 1187 (paratype): (a, b) calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with occasional openings (arrows); (c) enlargement of calcified tube (asterisk), with broken area showing tubular structure of epibiont (arrowhead) in cross section;(d) epibiont emerging from between vertical walls of two newly forming zooids (asterisk); annular structure of emergent epibiont (arrowhead) suggests it may be a hydroid; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation.(e, f) Rhynchozoon scimitar, NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype): calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with epibiont opening indicated by arrow; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, e, f) or dried but non-bleached (c, d) material. Scale bars: a, b, d–f = 300 µm; c = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994883/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">36</figureCitation>
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(a
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1085C1560E0FF4BFC86FF22" box="[757,771,177,202]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
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d))
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1085C1562B5FF0CFC46FEBD" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1085C1562B5FF0CFE98FEF8" blockId="100.[160,1155,246,341]" box="[160,285,246,272]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">
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<heading id="D0E081B8D1085C1562B5FF0CFE98FEF8" box="[160,285,246,272]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1085C1562B5FF0CFE98FEF8" bold="true" box="[160,285,246,272]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" reason="3">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1085C1562B5FEE1FC46FEBD" blockId="100.[160,1155,246,341]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">
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The specific name is an adjective (Latin
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1085C156049FEE1FD4AFEDB" box="[604,719,283,307]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">maculosus</emphasis>
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: mottled, full of spots), referring to the many areolae speckling the colony, giving it a
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1085C1560ADFEC7FD3BFEBD" box="[696,702,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">‘</emphasis>
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peppered
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1085C15613EFEC7FCB4FEBD" box="[811,817,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">’</emphasis>
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appearance.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1085C1762B5FE78FF48FF04" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1085C1562B5FE78FE05FE74" blockId="100.[160,1156,386,481]" box="[160,384,386,412]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">
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<heading id="D0E081B8D1085C1562B5FE78FE05FE74" box="[160,384,386,412]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" reason="5">
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||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1085C1562B5FE78FE05FE74" bold="true" box="[160,384,386,412]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1085C1562B5FE5CFB01FE09" blockId="100.[160,1156,386,481]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">
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<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D1085C1562B5FE5CFD61FE09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793311" collectionCode="SES" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" specimenCode="SES-14" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1085C1562B5FE5CFE8CFE56" box="[160,265,422,446]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: NSMT-Te 1182, dried specimen,
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<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1085C15606AFE5CFD23FE56" box="[639,678,422,446]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
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site; NSMT-Te 1183 (
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<specimenCode id="DBB19EAFD1085C156186FE5CFC61FE56" box="[915,996,422,446]" collectionCode="SES-" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" type="Herbarium">SES-14</specimenCode>
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), part of same colony as NSMT-Te 1182, bleached, on SEM stub
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1085C1560E7FE33FCE7FE09" box="[754,866,457,481]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: NSMT-Te 1184 (
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<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1085C15663CFE33FBE7FE09" box="[1065,1122,457,481]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
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15),
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF68665CD1085C1562B5F9E9FD2AF91F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994881" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994881/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" startId="100.[160,225,1555,1578]" targetBox="[178,1138,539,1523]" targetPageId="100">
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1085C1562B5F9E9FD2AF91F" blockId="100.[160,1157,1555,1783]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1085C1562B5F9E9FE8FF9C2" bold="true" box="[160,266,1555,1578]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">Figure 35.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1085C156306F9E9FD8EF9C2" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[275,523,1555,1578]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="maculosum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1085C156306F9E9FD8EF9C2" box="[275,523,1555,1578]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">Rhynchozoon maculosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD1085C156000F9E9FDEDF9C2" box="[533,616,1555,1578]" pageId="100" pageNumber="241" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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: (a) NSMT-Te 1186 (paratype), colony view, showing characteristic
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1085C156339F9CAFEB4F9AF" box="[300,305,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">‘</emphasis>
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peppered
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1085C156385F9CAFE10F9AF" box="[400,405,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">’</emphasis>
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appearance due to areolae; (b) NSMT-Te 1184 (paratype), autozooids at colony margin, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) NSMT-Te 1190, autozooids at colony margin, showing orifice shape and position of suboral avicularium; (d) NSMT-Te 1183 (holotype), autozooids; (e) NSMT-Te 1190, ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NHMUK 2016.5.13.73 (paratype), ovicelled autozooids, with abundant frontal avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1085C15603DF91AFDB0F91F" box="[552,565,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="241">–</emphasis>
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f = 300 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF68665CD1095C1462B5FB7FFBA3FA4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994883/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" startId="101.[160,225,1157,1180]" targetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" targetPageId="101">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1095C1462B5FB7FFBA3FA4C" blockId="101.[160,1156,1157,1444]" pageId="101" pageNumber="242">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1095C1462B5FB7FFE8CFB74" bold="true" box="[160,265,1157,1180]" pageId="101" pageNumber="242">Figure 36.</emphasis>
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Interzooidal epibiont in two
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1095C146038FB7FFD28FB74" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1895" box="[557,685,1157,1180]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1095C146038FB7FFD28FB74" box="[557,685,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="242">Rhynchozoon</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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species. (a
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1095C14610CFB7FFCA3FB74" box="[793,806,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="242">–</emphasis>
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d)
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1095C146154FB7FFBB3FB74" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[833,1078,1157,1180]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="maculosum">
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||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1095C146154FB7FFBB3FB74" box="[833,1078,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="242">Rhynchozoon maculosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, NSMT- Te 1187 (paratype): (a, b) calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with occasional openings (arrows); (c) enlargement of calcified tube (asterisk), with broken area showing tubular structure of epibiont (arrowhead) in cross section; (d) epibiont emerging from between vertical walls of two newly forming zooids (asterisk); annular structure of emergent epibiont (arrowhead) suggests it may be a hydroid; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. (e, f)
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1095C1462A1FACFFE03FAA4" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[180,390,1333,1356]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="scimitar">
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<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1095C1462A1FACFFE03FAA4" box="[180,390,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="242">Rhynchozoon scimitar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype): calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with epibiont opening indicated by arrow; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, e, f) or dried but non-bleached (c, d) material. Scale bars: a, b, d
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1095C146127FA77FCBAFA4C" box="[818,831,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="242">–</emphasis>
|
||
f = 300 µm; c = 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1095C1762B5FA0FFF48FF04" blockId="101.[160,1156,1525,1723]" lastBlockId="102.[160,1155,142,236]" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="101" pageNumber="242">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D1095C1462B5FA0FFDCCF99D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793302" collectionCode="SES" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" specimenCode="SES-18, SES-19, SES-51, MIN-20-1, NHMUK 2016.5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1185 (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB19EAFD1095C146072FA0FFD3CF9E5" box="[615,697,1525,1549]" collectionCode="SES-" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" type="Herbarium">SES-18</specimenCode>
|
||
), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1186 (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB19EAFD1095C1462B3F9E2FF72F9D8" box="[166,247,1560,1584]" collectionCode="SES-" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" type="Herbarium">SES-19</specimenCode>
|
||
), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1187 (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB19EAFD1095C1460DDF9E2FC9CF9D8" box="[712,793,1560,1584]" collectionCode="SES-" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" type="Herbarium">SES-51</specimenCode>
|
||
), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT- Te 1188 (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB19EAFD1095C146304F9C1FEF9F9BB" box="[273,380,1595,1619]" collectionCode="MIN-" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" type="Herbarium">MIN-20-1</specimenCode>
|
||
), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1189,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1095C14617BF9C1FC57F9BB" box="[878,978,1595,1619]" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
lot, four dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1095C14633CF9A7FED5F99D" box="[297,336,1629,1653]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site;
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB19EAFD1095C146382F9A7FDCCF99D" box="[407,585,1629,1653]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" type="Museum">NHMUK 2016.5</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D1095C14605EF9A7FD3DF970" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793304" collectionCode="NHMUK, SES" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" specimenCode="MIN-20" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
13.73 (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB19EAFD1095C14608FF9A7FD74F99D" box="[666,753,1629,1653]" collectionCode="MIN-" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" type="Herbarium">MIN-20</specimenCode>
|
||
), bleached, on SEM stub;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1095C14663EF9A7FB06F99D" box="[1067,1155,1629,1653]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2016.5.13.74-77, four dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1095C146048F97AFD01F970" box="[605,644,1664,1688]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D1095C1760D6F97AFF4FFF04" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793312" collectionCode="SES, REEF, MIN" lastPageId="102" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" specimenCode="SES-47" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Other material: NSMT-Te 1190 (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB19EAFD1095C14663CF97AFBFEF970" box="[1065,1147,1664,1688]" collectionCode="SES-" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" type="Herbarium">SES-47</specimenCode>
|
||
), bleached, on SEM stub with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1095C1463FEF959FD58F953" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[491,733,1699,1723]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="101" pageNumber="242" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="scimitar">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1095C1463FEF959FD58F953" box="[491,733,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="242">Rhynchozoon scimitar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; NSMT-Te 1191, 32 dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D10A5C1762B5FF74FF42FF4E" box="[160,199,142,166]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site; NSMT-Te 1192, 14 dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D10A5C1760B8FF74FD66FF4E" box="[685,739,142,166]" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">REEF</collectionCode>
|
||
site; NSMT-Te 1193, 12 dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D10A5C1762FBFF4BFE9EFF21" box="[238,283,177,201]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site; NSMT-Te 1194, dried specimen with externally calcified epibiont,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D10A5C176649FF4BFB06FF21" box="[1116,1155,177,201]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD10A5C1762B5FEEDFDB8F957" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10A5C1762B5FEEDFEC8FED9" blockId="102.[160,1156,279,444]" box="[160,333,279,305]" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10A5C1762B5FEEDFEC8FED9" box="[160,333,279,305]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10A5C1762B5FEEDFEC8FED9" bold="true" box="[160,333,279,305]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10A5C1762B5FEC6FEB8FE54" blockId="102.[160,1156,279,444]" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">
|
||
AzL, 0.46
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10A5C176312FEC6FE91FEBC" box="[263,276,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.63 (0.543 ± 0.048); AzW, 0.27
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10A5C17606FFEC6FD02FEBC" box="[634,647,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.36 (0.327 ± 0.026) (n = 18, 4). OrL,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D10A5C17662FFEC6FBF3FEBC" box="[1082,1142,316,340]" degrees="0.092" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" precision="55" value="0.092">0.092</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D10A5C176663FEC6FF59FE9F" degrees="0.128" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" precision="55" value="-0.128">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10A5C176663FEC6FB06FEBC" box="[1142,1155,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.128
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.106 ± 0.009); OrW,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D10A5C1763E7FEA5FDABFE9F" box="[498,558,351,375]" degrees="0.097" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" precision="55" value="0.097">0.097</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D10A5C17603BFEA5FDFDFE9F" box="[558,632,351,375]" degrees="0.120" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" precision="55" value="-0.12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10A5C17603BFEA5FDBEFE9F" box="[558,571,351,375]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.120
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.106 ± 0.006) (n = 18, 4). OvL, 0.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10A5C176652FEA5FBD1FE9F" box="[1095,1108,351,375]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.25 (0.183 ± 0.028); OvW, 0.17
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10A5C1763C0FE7BFE67FE71" box="[469,482,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.26 (0.224 ± 0.021) (n = 15, 2). Largest colony observed 40 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D10A5C1762F3FE5EFEBCFE54" box="[230,313,420,444]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10A5C1762B5FE12FEA3FDEA" blockId="102.[160,1156,488,1727]" box="[160,294,488,514]" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10A5C1762B5FE12FEA3FDEA" box="[160,294,488,514]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10A5C1762B5FE12FEA3FDEA" bold="true" box="[160,294,488,514]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="243" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10A5C1762B5FDF7FDB8F957" blockId="102.[160,1156,488,1727]" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">
|
||
Colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10A5C176315FDF7FEEBFDCD" box="[256,366,525,549]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="100.[160,225,1555,1578]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 35. Rhynchozoon maculosum sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1186 (paratype), colony view, showing characteristic ‘peppered’ appearance due to areolae; (b) NSMT-Te 1184 (paratype), autozooids at colony margin, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) NSMT-Te 1190, autozooids at colony margin, showing orifice shape and position of suboral avicularium; (d) NSMT-Te 1183 (holotype), autozooids; (e) NSMT-Te 1190, ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NHMUK 2016.5.13.73 (paratype), ovicelled autozooids, with abundant frontal avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994881/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; white or off- white (greyish or faintly tinged with orange or yellow); embryos light orange in dried specimens. Zooids at margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10A5C176392FDA8FE78FD82" box="[391,509,594,618]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="100.[160,225,1555,1578]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 35. Rhynchozoon maculosum sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1186 (paratype), colony view, showing characteristic ‘peppered’ appearance due to areolae; (b) NSMT-Te 1184 (paratype), autozooids at colony margin, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) NSMT-Te 1190, autozooids at colony margin, showing orifice shape and position of suboral avicularium; (d) NSMT-Te 1183 (holotype), autozooids; (e) NSMT-Te 1190, ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NHMUK 2016.5.13.73 (paratype), ovicelled autozooids, with abundant frontal avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994881/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
(b, c)) irregularly hexagonal; distinct, delineated by a shallow groove and a suture line flanked by areolae; even with age, zooidal outlines remain more or less discernable. Frontal wall without pseudopores and with four to six circular or oval areolae along each lateral margin. In marginal zooids, frontal wall convex, smooth, somewhat uneven. With increasing secondary calcification, frontal wall rapidly thickens, remaining smooth in surface texture but becoming more rugose, with scattered low, rounded tubercles or nodules; areolar openings increase in size. Primary orifice soon becomes immersed as zooids age, with an asymmetrical pseudosinus forming in rim of secondary orifice, to one side or other of midline. Primary orifice (including sinus) is as long as broad, or occasionally slightly broader than long; anter exclusive of sinus is broader than long. Sinus is moderately deep, rounded-Vshaped, extending between small, rounded condyles. Margin of anter is beaded with 14 or 15 (mode, 15; n = 5, 3) small denticles. Oral spines lacking. With age, rim of secondary orifice usually retains pseudosinus and bears from four to eight small, blunt processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10A5C17630BFBCDFE08FBA7" box="[286,397,1079,1103]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="100.[160,225,1555,1578]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 35. Rhynchozoon maculosum sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1186 (paratype), colony view, showing characteristic ‘peppered’ appearance due to areolae; (b) NSMT-Te 1184 (paratype), autozooids at colony margin, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) NSMT-Te 1190, autozooids at colony margin, showing orifice shape and position of suboral avicularium; (d) NSMT-Te 1183 (holotype), autozooids; (e) NSMT-Te 1190, ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NHMUK 2016.5.13.73 (paratype), ovicelled autozooids, with abundant frontal avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994881/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
(d
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10A5C1763B4FBCDFE2BFBA7" box="[417,430,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">–</emphasis>
|
||
f)) that are irregular, conical or cylindrical in shape. Suboral and frontal avicularia occur. Suboral avicularium develops from hemispherical chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10A5C1762BDFB86FE92FB7C" box="[168,279,1148,1172]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="100.[160,225,1555,1578]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 35. Rhynchozoon maculosum sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1186 (paratype), colony view, showing characteristic ‘peppered’ appearance due to areolae; (b) NSMT-Te 1184 (paratype), autozooids at colony margin, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) NSMT-Te 1190, autozooids at colony margin, showing orifice shape and position of suboral avicularium; (d) NSMT-Te 1183 (holotype), autozooids; (e) NSMT-Te 1190, ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NHMUK 2016.5.13.73 (paratype), ovicelled autozooids, with abundant frontal avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994881/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) occupying one-fifth to one-third the frontal area proximal to the orifice. Avicularian rostrum is offset to one side or other of midline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10A5C17618BFB65FB94FB5F" box="[926,1041,1183,1207]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="100.[160,225,1555,1578]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 35. Rhynchozoon maculosum sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1186 (paratype), colony view, showing characteristic ‘peppered’ appearance due to areolae; (b) NSMT-Te 1184 (paratype), autozooids at colony margin, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) NSMT-Te 1190, autozooids at colony margin, showing orifice shape and position of suboral avicularium; (d) NSMT-Te 1183 (holotype), autozooids; (e) NSMT-Te 1190, ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NHMUK 2016.5.13.73 (paratype), ovicelled autozooids, with abundant frontal avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994881/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)), tilted laterally towards orifice, and directed distolaterally; end hooked; crossbar complete; mandible long-triangular. Base of rostrum is extended as a rounded process (a socalled
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10A5C1762F8FAFDFF76FAF7" box="[237,243,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">‘</emphasis>
|
||
uncinate process
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10A5C1763ADFAFDFE3BFAF7" box="[440,446,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">’</emphasis>
|
||
) flanking the orificial pseudosinus and jutting into the peristome. With increased secondary calcification, suboral avicularium lies at edge of secondary orifice, or entirely within peristome. Frontal avicularia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10A5C1761DBFAB6FBC1FA8C" box="[974,1092,1356,1380]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="100.[160,225,1555,1578]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 35. Rhynchozoon maculosum sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1186 (paratype), colony view, showing characteristic ‘peppered’ appearance due to areolae; (b) NSMT-Te 1184 (paratype), autozooids at colony margin, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) NSMT-Te 1190, autozooids at colony margin, showing orifice shape and position of suboral avicularium; (d) NSMT-Te 1183 (holotype), autozooids; (e) NSMT-Te 1190, ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NHMUK 2016.5.13.73 (paratype), ovicelled autozooids, with abundant frontal avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994881/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
(e, f)) roughly same size as suboral avicularia; one to four per zooid, or lacking. Rostrum slightly raised from frontal plane distally, not hooked; crossbar complete; mandible acute, about twice as long as wide, directed laterally, distolaterally, proximolaterally or occasionally medially. Rostrum of frontal avicularia is occasionally diamond-shaped, but usually rounded at proximal end. Ovicell initially subimmersed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10A5C1761AAFA00FBABF9FA" box="[959,1070,1530,1554]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="100.[160,225,1555,1578]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 35. Rhynchozoon maculosum sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1186 (paratype), colony view, showing characteristic ‘peppered’ appearance due to areolae; (b) NSMT-Te 1184 (paratype), autozooids at colony margin, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) NSMT-Te 1190, autozooids at colony margin, showing orifice shape and position of suboral avicularium; (d) NSMT-Te 1183 (holotype), autozooids; (e) NSMT-Te 1190, ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NHMUK 2016.5.13.73 (paratype), ovicelled autozooids, with abundant frontal avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994881/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)) but later becoming endozooidal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10A5C1763EDF9E6FDEDF9DC" box="[504,616,1564,1588]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="100.[160,225,1555,1578]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 35. Rhynchozoon maculosum sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1186 (paratype), colony view, showing characteristic ‘peppered’ appearance due to areolae; (b) NSMT-Te 1184 (paratype), autozooids at colony margin, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) NSMT-Te 1190, autozooids at colony margin, showing orifice shape and position of suboral avicularium; (d) NSMT-Te 1183 (holotype), autozooids; (e) NSMT-Te 1190, ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NHMUK 2016.5.13.73 (paratype), ovicelled autozooids, with abundant frontal avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994881/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)). Ooecium broader than long; proximal face with transversely long-elliptical, semicircular or oval zone of membranous (non-calcified) ectooecium that, in cleaned specimens, becomes a window (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10A5C1761B5F998FB8AF992" box="[928,1039,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="100.[160,225,1555,1578]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 35. Rhynchozoon maculosum sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1186 (paratype), colony view, showing characteristic ‘peppered’ appearance due to areolae; (b) NSMT-Te 1184 (paratype), autozooids at colony margin, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) NSMT-Te 1190, autozooids at colony margin, showing orifice shape and position of suboral avicularium; (d) NSMT-Te 1183 (holotype), autozooids; (e) NSMT-Te 1190, ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NHMUK 2016.5.13.73 (paratype), ovicelled autozooids, with abundant frontal avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994881/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
(e), arrowhead) exposing the entooecium; labellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D10A5C1760D1F97EFCB9F974" box="[708,828,1668,1692]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="100.[160,225,1555,1578]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetId="figure@100.[178,1138,539,1523]" captionTargetPageId="100" captionText="Figure 35. Rhynchozoon maculosum sp. nov.: (a) NSMT-Te 1186 (paratype), colony view, showing characteristic ‘peppered’ appearance due to areolae; (b) NSMT-Te 1184 (paratype), autozooids at colony margin, showing aspect of suboral avicularian chamber; (c) NSMT-Te 1190, autozooids at colony margin, showing orifice shape and position of suboral avicularium; (d) NSMT-Te 1183 (holotype), autozooids; (e) NSMT-Te 1190, ovicelled autozooids (arrowhead, window in calcified ectooecium; arrow, labellum); (f) NHMUK 2016.5.13.73 (paratype), ovicelled autozooids, with abundant frontal avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm; b = 500 µm; c–f = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994881/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="243">Figure 35</figureCitation>
|
||
(e), arrow) narrow, usually complete. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD10B5C1962B5FF76FE8DFC40" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10B5C1662B5FF76FE83FF4E" blockId="103.[160,1156,140,1726]" box="[160,262,140,166]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D10B5C1662B5FF76FE83FF4E" box="[160,262,140,166]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1662B5FF76FE83FF4E" bold="true" box="[160,262,140,166]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10B5C1662B5FF4BFEE7FCD1" blockId="103.[160,1156,140,1726]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">
|
||
This species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1663D4FF4BFCD2FF21" authority="(Busk 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[449,855,177,201]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1663D4FF4BFD4DFF21" box="[449,712,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">Rhynchozoon rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C1660C2FF4BFCCAFF21" author="Busk G" box="[727,847,177,201]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="176 - 180" refId="ref60641" refString="Busk G. 1856. Zoophytology. Q J Microsc Sci. 4: 176 - 180." type="journal article" year="1856">Busk 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, originally described from the eastern Pacific at Mazatlán,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10B5C16601FFF2EFDD8FF04" box="[522,605,212,236]" name="Mexico" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The two species share the following characters: the suboral and frontal avicularia are similar in size and shape; the suboral avicularia are often immersed within the peristome, have an
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1660C4FEE2FD53FED8" box="[721,726,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">‘</emphasis>
|
||
uncinate process
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C16618CFEE2FC1AFED8" box="[921,927,280,304]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">’</emphasis>
|
||
at the base of the rostrum, and have a hooked tip; boundaries between mature zooids are indicated by marginal pores; the secondary orifice bears a deep pseudosinus and is surrounded by conspicuous peristomial processes; and oral spines are lacking (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C16616AFE7BFBA7FE71" author="Hastings AB" box="[895,1058,385,409]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="697 - 740" refId="ref62365" refString="Hastings AB. 1930. Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the vicinity of the Panama Canal collected by Dr. C. Crossland on the cruise of the S. Y. " St. George ". P Zool Soc Lond. 47: 697 - 740, Plates 1 - 17, 1929." type="journal article" year="1930">Hastings 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C166624FE7BFF52FE54" author="Osburn RC" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref64248" refString="Osburn RC. 1952. Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part 2, Cheilostomata-Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pac Exped. 14: 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1662F9FE5EFE77FE54" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[236,498,420,444]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1662F9FE5EFE77FE54" box="[236,498,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">Rhynchozoon rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C166091FE5EFC9BFE54" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[644,798,420,444]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="maculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C166091FE5EFC9BFE54" box="[644,798,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. maculosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the exposed entooecial area on the proximal face of the ooecium large, semicircular and opaque white, with the labellum typically lacking or incomplete. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1660C7FE13FCEAFDE9" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[722,879,489,513]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="maculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1660C7FE13FCEAFDE9" box="[722,879,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. maculosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the entooecial zone is markedly transversely long-elliptical or oval, and not conspicuously white, and the labellum is usually complete.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1663E1FDD4FD7EFDAE" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[500,763,558,582]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1663E1FDD4FD7EFDAE" box="[500,763,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">Rhynchozoon rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1661FDFDD4FB06FDAE" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[1000,1155,558,582]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="maculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1661FDFDD4FB06FDAE" box="[1000,1155,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. maculosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a shallower orificial sinus, a shorter mandible on the suboral avicularium, and fewer processes around the peristome. Finally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C1660D7FD89FCF6FD63" author="Hastings AB" box="[706,883,627,651]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="697 - 740" refId="ref62365" refString="Hastings AB. 1930. Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the vicinity of the Panama Canal collected by Dr. C. Crossland on the cruise of the S. Y. " St. George ". P Zool Soc Lond. 47: 697 - 740, Plates 1 - 17, 1929." type="journal article" year="1930">Hastings (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C166665FD89FE8EFD46" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C166665FD89FE8EFD46" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10B5C166326FD6CFE08FD46" box="[307,397,662,686]" name="Panama" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
to have a faintly greenish ectocyst, whereas our dried specimens are faintly yellowish, although this may not be a useful diagnostic character (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C166605FD43FE98FD1B" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref65236" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1964. The Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) of Scammon ' s Lagoon, Baja California, Mexico. Am Mus Novit. 2199: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">Soule and Soule 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is noteworthy that an opaque-white zone of exposed entooecium on the ovicell is not in itself diagnostic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C166023FD04FD3AFCFE" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[566,703,766,790]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C166023FD04FD3AFCFE" box="[566,703,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as it also occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1661BBFD04FBA4FCFE" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[942,1057,766,790]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="scimitar" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1661BBFD04FBA4FCFE" box="[942,1057,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. scimitar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD10B5C16663EFD04FB01FCFE" box="[1067,1156,766,790]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
described below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10B5C1662D5FCB9FD24F9BE" blockId="103.[160,1156,140,1726]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C1662D5FCB9FEF1FCB3" author="Hastings AB" box="[192,372,835,859]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="697 - 740" refId="ref62365" refString="Hastings AB. 1930. Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the vicinity of the Panama Canal collected by Dr. C. Crossland on the cruise of the S. Y. " St. George ". P Zool Soc Lond. 47: 697 - 740, Plates 1 - 17, 1929." type="journal article" year="1930">Hastings (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
appears to have been the only author subsequent to the original description to examine Busk
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1663FCFC9CFE6AFC96" box="[489,495,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">’</emphasis>
|
||
s
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D10B5C166016FC9CFDB0FC96" box="[515,565,870,894]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1660F5FC9CFCEEFC96" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[736,875,870,894]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1660F5FC9CFCEEFC96" box="[736,875,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mazatlán, and her description of conspecific material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10B5C16606FFC73FD50FC49" box="[634,725,905,929]" name="Panama" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
perhaps warrants more weight than other descriptions, among which there are discrepancies. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C1661CFFC51FBFAFC2B" author="Osburn RC" box="[986,1151,939,963]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref64248" refString="Osburn RC. 1952. Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part 2, Cheilostomata-Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pac Exped. 14: 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1662B5FC34FEAEFC0E" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[160,299,974,998]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1662B5FC34FEAEFC0E" box="[160,299,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a low-boreal to tropical distribution in the eastern Pacific, occurring from Point Conception, California, southward to the Galapagos. He considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C16667AFC0BFE88FBC3" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C16667AFC0BFE88FBC3" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also to occur in the western Atlantic under the junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C16661EFBE9FE03FBA6" authority="(Smitt 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="verruculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C16661EFBE9FF64FBA6" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. verruculatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C1662E2FBCCFEFBFBA6" author="Smitt FA" box="[247,382,1078,1102]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref65190" refString="Smitt FA. 1873. Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, described by F. A. Smitt. Part 2. K Svensk Vet Akad Handl. 10: 1 - 83, Plates 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1873">Smitt 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C166006FBCCFD4BFBA6" author="Hastings AB" box="[531,718,1078,1102]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="697 - 740" refId="ref62365" refString="Hastings AB. 1930. Cheilostomatous Polyzoa from the vicinity of the Panama Canal collected by Dr. C. Crossland on the cruise of the S. Y. " St. George ". P Zool Soc Lond. 47: 697 - 740, Plates 1 - 17, 1929." type="journal article" year="1930">Hastings (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C1660F7FBCCFC1CFBA6" author="Winston JE" box="[738,921,1078,1102]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref66042" refString="Winston JE. 1984. Shallow-water bryozoans of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Am Mus Novit. 2799: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1984">Winston (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C1661FFFBCCFEEDFB99" author="Winston JE & Heimberg BF" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref66066" refString="Winston JE, Heimberg BF. 1986. Bryozoans from Bali, Lombok, and Komodo. Am Mus Novit. 2847: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1986">Winston and Heimberg (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have established that these are different species. Some of the records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C16633FFB81FE3FFB7B" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[298,442,1147,1171]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C16633FFB81FE3FFB7B" box="[298,442,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the eastern Pacific are questionable.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C1661AEFB81FF62FB5E" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref65236" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1964. The Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) of Scammon ' s Lagoon, Baja California, Mexico. Am Mus Novit. 2199: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1964">Soule and Soule (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned marginal zooids with two to four oral spines in material they identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C166357FB3BFE57FB31" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[322,466,1217,1241]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C166357FB3BFE57FB31" box="[322,466,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Scammon
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C166083FB3BFD19FB31" box="[662,668,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">’</emphasis>
|
||
s Lagoon,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D10B5C166135FB3BFC49FB31" box="[800,972,1217,1241]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">Baja California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10B5C1661CAFB3BFBB6FB31" box="[991,1075,1217,1241]" name="Mexico" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C166651FB3BFEB9FB13" author="Soule DF & Soule JD & Chaney HW" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref65407" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD, Chaney HW. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara channel. Irene McCulloch Found Monogr Ser. 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">Soule et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1663D0FB19FDDDFB13" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[453,600,1251,1275]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1663D0FB19FDDDFB13" box="[453,600,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Santa Barbara Channel, southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D10B5C1662B5FAFCFE8AFAF6" box="[160,271,1286,1310]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10B5C166308FAFCFECAFAF6" box="[285,335,1286,1310]" name="United States of America" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, to have two oral spines on marginal zooids and a circular or transversely oval entooecial area on the ovicell, with a complete labellum, characters that conflict with Hastings
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C16638DFAB1FE1BFA8B" box="[408,414,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">’</emphasis>
|
||
s (1930) redescription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1660A8FAB1FCC3FA8B" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[701,838,1355,1379]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1660A8FAB1FCC3FA8B" box="[701,838,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Panamanian material. Specimens from Kodiak,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D10B5C1663DFFA94FD93FA6E" box="[458,534,1390,1414]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
, reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1660AEFA94FBD6FA6E" authority="(Dick and Ross 1988)" baseAuthorityName="Dick and Ross" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[699,1107,1390,1414]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1660AEFA94FCCCFA6E" box="[699,841,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C16614EFA94FBCEFA6E" author="Dick MH & Ross JRP" box="[859,1099,1390,1414]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" refId="ref61467" refString="Dick MH, Ross JRP. 1988. Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of the Kodiak vicinity, Alaska. Center for Pacific Northwest Studies Occasional Paper 23. Bellingham: Western Washington University." type="book" year="1988">Dick and Ross 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are instead
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1662EBFA6BFDD5FA41" authority="(Hincks 1882 b)" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[254,592,1425,1449]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tumulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1662EBFA6BFE1CFA41" box="[254,409,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. tumulosum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C1663BFFA6BFDCDFA41" author="Hincks T" box="[426,584,1425,1449]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="248 - 256" refId="ref62745" refString="Hincks T. 1882 b. Report on the Polyzoa of the Queen Charlotte Islands: preliminary notice of new species. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser. 5: 248 - 256." type="book chapter" year="1882">Hincks 1882b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dick et al. 2005;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C16613FFA6BFBC2FA41" author="Dick MH & Mawatari SF" box="[810,1095,1425,1449]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="344 - 354" refId="ref61435" refString="Dick MH, Mawatari SF. 2005. Morphological and molecular concordance of Rhynchozoon clades (Bryozoa, Cheilstomata) from Alaska. Invertebr Biol. 124: 344 - 354." type="journal article" year="2005">Dick and Mawatari 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We suspect that some of the inconsistencies (e.g. spines present or absent; variation in colony colour and the depth of the oral sinus) among descriptions of nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C16667AFA2CFE88F9F9" baseAuthorityName="Dick and Ross" baseAuthorityYear="1988" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C16667AFA2CFE88F9F9" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the eastern Pacific actually reflect interspecific differences, and that SEM examination of a broad range of material will resolve nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C1661B4F9E1FBAAF9DB" baseAuthorityName="Dick and Ross" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[929,1071,1563,1587]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C1661B4F9E1FBAAF9DB" box="[929,1071,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into a number of morphologically distinct species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D10B5C1962D5F99BFD3EFF21" blockId="103.[160,1156,140,1726]" lastBlockId="104.[160,1157,142,790]" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Indo-West Pacific records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C166018F99BFD13F991" baseAuthorityName="Dick and Ross" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[525,662,1633,1657]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C166018F99BFD13F991" box="[525,662,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have now been referred to other species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C1662B5F979FE00F973" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[160,389,1667,1691]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C16601BF979FD11F973" baseAuthorityName="Dick and Ross" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[526,660,1667,1691]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C16601BF979FD11F973" box="[526,660,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported from Java (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C166168F979FF52F956" author="Winston JE & Heimberg BF" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref66066" refString="Winston JE, Heimberg BF. 1986. Bryozoans from Bali, Lombok, and Komodo. Am Mus Novit. 2847: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1986">Winston and Heimberg 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D10B5C16635CF95CFE41F956" box="[329,452,1702,1726]" name="Philippines" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Scholz 1991) actually to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D10B5C166107F95CFBCFF956" authority="Hayward, 1988" authorityName="Hayward" authorityYear="1988" box="[786,1098,1702,1726]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="splendens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D10B5C166107F95CFC1CF956" box="[786,921,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="244">R. splendens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D10B5C1661B7F95CFBCFF956" author="Hayward PJ" box="[930,1098,1702,1726]" pageId="103" pageNumber="244" pagination="269 - 356" refId="ref62479" refString="Hayward PJ. 1988. Mauritian cheilostome Bryozoa. J Zool Soc Lond. 215: 269 - 356." type="journal article" year="1988">Hayward, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1045C1962B5FF74FEC2FF4E" author="Gordon DP" box="[160,327,142,166]" pageId="104" pageNumber="245" pagination="39 - 60" refId="ref61751" refString="Gordon DP. 2009. New bryozoan taxa from a new marine conservation area in New Zealand, with a checklist of Bryozoa from Greater Cook Strait. Zootaxa. 1987: 39 - 60." type="journal article" year="2009">Gordon (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1045C196072FF74FC95FF4E" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="2009" box="[615,784,142,166]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="104" pageNumber="245" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="zealandicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1045C196072FF74FC95FF4E" box="[615,784,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">R. zealandicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1045C196159FF74FC61FF4E" box="[844,996,142,166]" name="New Zealand" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
material previously reported (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1045C196372FF4BFE7BFF21" author="Gordon DP" box="[359,510,177,201]" pageId="104" pageNumber="245" pagination="307 - 323" refId="ref61663" refString="Gordon DP. 1970. Reproductive ecology of some northern New Zealand Bryozoa. Cah Biol Mar. 11: 307 - 323, Plate 1." type="journal article" year="1970">Gordon 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1045C19603BFF4BFD30FF21" baseAuthorityName="Dick and Ross" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[558,693,177,201]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="104" pageNumber="245" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="rostratum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1045C19603BFF4BFD30FF21" box="[558,693,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">R. rostratum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1045C1962D5FF2EFD30FCFE" blockId="104.[160,1157,142,790]" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">
|
||
Two of the six colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1045C1963E9FF2EFD1FFF04" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[508,666,212,236]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="104" pageNumber="245" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="maculosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1045C1963E9FF2EFD1FFF04" box="[508,666,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">R. maculosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we examined by SEM had a filamentous, ramifying epibiont in the interzooidal grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1045C1960C5FF0CFCC5FEE6" box="[720,832,246,270]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="101.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Figure 36. Interzooidal epibiont in two Rhynchozoon species. (a–d) Rhynchozoon maculosum, NSMT- Te 1187 (paratype): (a, b) calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with occasional openings (arrows); (c) enlargement of calcified tube (asterisk), with broken area showing tubular structure of epibiont (arrowhead) in cross section;(d) epibiont emerging from between vertical walls of two newly forming zooids (asterisk); annular structure of emergent epibiont (arrowhead) suggests it may be a hydroid; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation.(e, f) Rhynchozoon scimitar, NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype): calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with epibiont opening indicated by arrow; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, e, f) or dried but non-bleached (c, d) material. Scale bars: a, b, d–f = 300 µm; c = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994883/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">Figure 36</figureCitation>
|
||
(a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1045C196141FF0CFCE4FEE6" box="[852,865,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">–</emphasis>
|
||
d)). The bryozoan zooids deposited a thin layer of gymnocystal calcification beneath the filaments of the epibiont growing on the colony surface, encased them completely in calcified tubes, or caused the tubes to become completely immersed between zooids by depositing secondary calcification over them (arrowheads,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1045C196179FE7BFC65FE71" box="[876,992,385,409]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="101.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Figure 36. Interzooidal epibiont in two Rhynchozoon species. (a–d) Rhynchozoon maculosum, NSMT- Te 1187 (paratype): (a, b) calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with occasional openings (arrows); (c) enlargement of calcified tube (asterisk), with broken area showing tubular structure of epibiont (arrowhead) in cross section;(d) epibiont emerging from between vertical walls of two newly forming zooids (asterisk); annular structure of emergent epibiont (arrowhead) suggests it may be a hydroid; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation.(e, f) Rhynchozoon scimitar, NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype): calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with epibiont opening indicated by arrow; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, e, f) or dried but non-bleached (c, d) material. Scale bars: a, b, d–f = 300 µm; c = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994883/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">Figure 36</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b)); in the last case, the tubes emerged to the surface by way of irregularly occurring circular openings (arrows,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1045C19636FFE3CFE6EFE36" box="[378,491,454,478]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="101.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Figure 36. Interzooidal epibiont in two Rhynchozoon species. (a–d) Rhynchozoon maculosum, NSMT- Te 1187 (paratype): (a, b) calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with occasional openings (arrows); (c) enlargement of calcified tube (asterisk), with broken area showing tubular structure of epibiont (arrowhead) in cross section;(d) epibiont emerging from between vertical walls of two newly forming zooids (asterisk); annular structure of emergent epibiont (arrowhead) suggests it may be a hydroid; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation.(e, f) Rhynchozoon scimitar, NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype): calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with epibiont opening indicated by arrow; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, e, f) or dried but non-bleached (c, d) material. Scale bars: a, b, d–f = 300 µm; c = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994883/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">Figure 36</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b)). Examination of an unbleached specimen showed that the soft filaments of the epibiont are hollow (arrowhead,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1045C196194FE13FC77FDE9" box="[897,1010,489,513]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="101.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Figure 36. Interzooidal epibiont in two Rhynchozoon species. (a–d) Rhynchozoon maculosum, NSMT- Te 1187 (paratype): (a, b) calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with occasional openings (arrows); (c) enlargement of calcified tube (asterisk), with broken area showing tubular structure of epibiont (arrowhead) in cross section;(d) epibiont emerging from between vertical walls of two newly forming zooids (asterisk); annular structure of emergent epibiont (arrowhead) suggests it may be a hydroid; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation.(e, f) Rhynchozoon scimitar, NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype): calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with epibiont opening indicated by arrow; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, e, f) or dried but non-bleached (c, d) material. Scale bars: a, b, d–f = 300 µm; c = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994883/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">Figure 36</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)), and one emergent filament produced an annulated section reminiscent of a hydroid stalk (arrowhead,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1045C196320FDD4FE2DFDAE" box="[309,424,558,582]" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="101.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="Figure 36. Interzooidal epibiont in two Rhynchozoon species. (a–d) Rhynchozoon maculosum, NSMT- Te 1187 (paratype): (a, b) calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with occasional openings (arrows); (c) enlargement of calcified tube (asterisk), with broken area showing tubular structure of epibiont (arrowhead) in cross section;(d) epibiont emerging from between vertical walls of two newly forming zooids (asterisk); annular structure of emergent epibiont (arrowhead) suggests it may be a hydroid; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation.(e, f) Rhynchozoon scimitar, NSMT-Te 1206 (paratype): calcified tubes (arrowheads) secreted by bryozoan around epibiont, with epibiont opening indicated by arrow; note that epibiont appears to have suppressed avicularium formation. Panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached (a, b, e, f) or dried but non-bleached (c, d) material. Scale bars: a, b, d–f = 300 µm; c = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994883" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994883/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">Figure 36</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)), leading us to speculate that the ramifying epibiotic filaments were hydroid stolons. The epibiont affected the bryozoan colonies in at least two ways: the extensive surficial gymnocystal calcification produced to
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1045C1961E5FD89FC73FD63" box="[1008,1014,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">‘</emphasis>
|
||
wall off
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1045C196658FD89FBD6FD63" box="[1101,1107,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">’</emphasis>
|
||
the epibiont must have incurred an energetic cost, and the epibiont appears to have inhibited the production of avicularia. In one affected colony, zooids produced no avicularia at all; in the other, while some zooids produced avicularia, both the suboral and frontal
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1045C19633EFD04FEEDFCFE" box="[299,360,766,790]" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">types</typeStatus>
|
||
were reduced in frequency.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1045C1962B5FCB2FEA1FC8A" blockId="104.[160,1155,840,936]" box="[160,292,840,866]" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1045C1962B5FCB2FEA1FC8A" box="[160,292,840,866]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="104" pageNumber="245" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1045C1962B5FCB2FEA1FC8A" bold="true" box="[160,292,840,866]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="245" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1045C1962B5FC97FE8DFC40" blockId="104.[160,1155,840,936]" pageId="104" pageNumber="245">
|
||
This species was common or abundant at all three sites (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C695036FD1045C196143FC97FC2BFC6D" box="[854,942,877,901]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="7.[160,216,142,165]" captionText="Table 1. Relative abundance, local occurrence and status in Japan for rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoan species detected in west-central Okinawa, Japan." pageId="104" pageNumber="245">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), the only known localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |