358 lines
57 KiB
XML
358 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="A664A4D4D5DA4335DDAE7801EE512C83" ID-CLB-Dataset="160069" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72def8b5-32ce-44ea-9b40-28a3d239c00c" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7145305" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611B0BC-F569-4135-A09C-6E527C2565A4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1664918879762" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gentis, Nicolas, Licht, Alexis, Boura, Anaïs, Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa & Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume" docDate="2022" docId="03B787F6A219FFAA8974FEEBE4A7EDAF" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.44.28.853-909.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 44 (28)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Dipterocarpoxylon jammuense Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="876" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EA200FFB08864FFDDE74BEA43" masterDocTitle="Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications" masterLastPageNumber="909" masterPageNumber="853" pageNumber="876" updateTime="1699387669439" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
|
|
<mods:mods id="42C40F107121398EE4CE8CBA31E98719" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="33BFFA14B7086FE1973E981D58FE6686">
|
|
<mods:title id="2AE6349ABD2C86F8183B6F0F2AD33CE5">Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="4D24C604C658B324CA204357DDECF03D" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="0EF0FE3BA54FA40EEBB89E2CC6F11D67">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="45C98CFBAFF45F7A6C7FE429D6890D8E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="0A673C78D705C278D30F1321D06E40AA">Gentis, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="ED393FBC14C9C1E30D7515C901380A6E" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="ECDFF6579D3DF6589536CE87B47F2682">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="14ACE0393A8E9B14EB4527BD7155380B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="A7793DD408FAEA5912250D720F3FDFD5">Licht, Alexis</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="413781D85565AD57570631340A2B7395" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="68154B2CBA35E8A96C91DE7918066825">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="9C3016FEB642C9E894AFF2FBE6F22FB5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="13193BF7E1FD5DED588B43C81745A43E">Boura, Anaïs</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="F2A908FD970822BA188954FBF8C915C3" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="0CE8131856E43B2490044F594EE9BB28">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="D515D74B7D7DE5BA43028C5563C193AA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="83F6D687D4AADB82AE33E62BFE42BE41">Aung, Dario De Franceschi Zaw Win Day Wa</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="28133B106DF26683FBE8370D63DDEB7A" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="AC81E7E4C02B533EF2E017A06A68D58D">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="B7568C0B66BB5B82CE06FA46C32699BC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="9EF2F4E608994C4EAE9435E214306545">Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="9BB763CBDD5FF3946424701D29B1276F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="C9DC1C9EFEEFD62558AB1C638496E186" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="856ABC323698C914886B720BD0BCBCBB">
|
|
<mods:title id="28A426893CB1CD54904C516E58B7454A">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="3B54065C7211F75F07330CE161BD095C">
|
|
<mods:date id="AFCBE879F2ECC02D8944EFCC76496182">2022</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="E089F6CF82E6D7CB162AAB5B0A8457BC" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="9FDB38523A797552A5C5858191987970">2022-09-29</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="D0EA03FE0DEC2B1320E944430F58DFC4" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="AFFA069D3E8679393E0754956E09E133">44</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="25EAD42B86BBB4341BE79927641BAE63" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="41207EEB5A6757A9D6D3A2FB82229383">28</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="3478178FE47E89C4BED4D2A51570B6C1" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="0AEF4B0B839F662447EA0682E80BF3A1">853</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="95078BE36784A2B74754074E8AE8E231">909</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification id="F335561F993A44499357D9E3C3A63082">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="86C3263128976399A5217A15EB3433CC" type="CLB-Dataset">160069</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="010BAC717163772B6EA247DC8719FE27" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a28</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="BEE1A0016B18314030909D5A2B5154CA" type="GBIF-Dataset">72def8b5-32ce-44ea-9b40-28a3d239c00c</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="9C9B5535BE43C499BEE49961BEE79A2C" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="F517E4DCEADA4DF04C7C278691CA1E87" type="Zenodo-Dep">7145305</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="8C8E4306231E335988C5B3E74E8A5089" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2611B0BC-F569-4135-A09C-6E527C2565A4</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="03B787F6A219FFAA8974FEEBE4A7EDAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7154179" ID-GBIF-Taxon="202152120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7154179" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6A219FFAA8974FEEBE4A7EDAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6A219FFAA8974FEEBE4A7EDAF" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="876" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA219FFA98974FEEBE6BFEBD2" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A219FFA98974FEEBE6BFEBD2" blockId="25.[272,634,310,401]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98974FEEBE515EB32" authority="Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava" authorityName="Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jammuense">
|
|
<heading id="D0E9818CA219FFA98974FEEBE531EB12" box="[272,634,310,337]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" reason="2">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98974FEEBE692EB12" bold="true" box="[272,473,310,337]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpoxylon</emphasis>
|
|
cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98A65FEEAE531EB12" bold="true" box="[513,634,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">jammuense</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A219FFA989C4FEAAE6A0EBD2" box="[416,491,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,157,1717,1734]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-104@26.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 12. — Dipterocarpoxylon cf. jammuense Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, MNHN.F.50189: A, Ts, seemingly exclusively solitary vessels,vasicentric parenchyma, small pores interpreted as solitary secretory canals or in short lines (arrows); B, D, Ts, short lines of secretory canals (arrows); C, Tls,1-6-seriate rays, with rows of uniseriate marginal cells up to 19 cells, frequent uniseriate rays and sheath cells present (arrow); E, Ts, vessel puggled with tyloses, surrounded par vasicentric parenchyma (black arrow), secretory canals solitary or in short lines, surrounded by parenchyma (white arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular rays with square or upright cells (black arrow) and procumbent cells (white arrow) mixed throughout the rays because of the presence of sheath cells, uniseriate rays and long row of marginal cells; G, Tls, vasicentric tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145327/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA219FFA988E0FE6DE60BEBA1" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A219FFA988E0FE6DE60BEBA1" blockId="25.[132,776,432,482]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA988E0FE6DE7E5EBA1" authority="Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, 2002: 230" authorityName="Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava" authorityPageNumber="230" authorityYear="2002" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jammuense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA988E0FE6DE6D4EB84" box="[132,415,432,456]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpoxylon jammuense</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA989C3FE6DE7E5EBA1" author="GULERIA J. S. & GUPTA S. S. & SRIVASTAVA R." pageId="25" pageNumber="876" pagination="225 - 246" refId="ref41745" refString="GULERIA J. S., GUPTA S. S. & SRIVASTAVA R. 2002. - Fossil woods from upper Tertiary sediments of Jammu region (Jammu & Kashmir) North-West India and their significance. The Palaeobotanist 50 (2 - 3): 225 - 246 (2001). https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 2001.1825" type="journal article" year="2002">Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, 2002: 230</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, pl. 1, figs 1-5.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA219FFA988E0FE27E5C3E8E5" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A219FFA988E0FE27E62FE804" blockId="25.[130,776,506,583]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">
|
|
MATERIAL. —
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25A219FFA98969FE27E624E851" box="[269,367,506,530]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" type="Herbarium">MNHN.F</collectionCode>
|
|
.50189 (field number: 17FN01). Estimated minimal diameter: non-assessable due to compression, but seemingly very parallel rays.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A219FFA988E0FD82E59AE834" blockId="25.[132,721,606,631]" box="[132,721,606,631]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">
|
|
LOCALITY. — Kalewa Township,
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802A219FFA989ACFD83E52AE835" box="[456,609,606,630]" country="Myanmar" name="Sagaing" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Sagaing Region</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3097670A219FFA98A0FFD82E586E834" box="[619,717,607,631]" name="Myanmar" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A219FFA988E0FD53E5C3E8E5" blockId="25.[132,648,654,678]" box="[132,648,654,678]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">AGE. — Upper lower to lowermost middle Miocene.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA219FFA988E0FD0BE44CEC6E" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A219FFA988E0FD0BE65EE8B3" blockId="25.[130,778,726,1581]" box="[132,277,726,752]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A219FFA988E0FD28E44CEC6E" blockId="25.[130,778,726,1581]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">
|
|
Wood diffuse-porous.Growth rings indistinct.Vessels exclusively solitary (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A219FFA988BBFCC8E677E96C" box="[223,316,789,815]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,157,1717,1734]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-104@26.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 12. — Dipterocarpoxylon cf. jammuense Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, MNHN.F.50189: A, Ts, seemingly exclusively solitary vessels,vasicentric parenchyma, small pores interpreted as solitary secretory canals or in short lines (arrows); B, D, Ts, short lines of secretory canals (arrows); C, Tls,1-6-seriate rays, with rows of uniseriate marginal cells up to 19 cells, frequent uniseriate rays and sheath cells present (arrow); E, Ts, vessel puggled with tyloses, surrounded par vasicentric parenchyma (black arrow), secretory canals solitary or in short lines, surrounded by parenchyma (white arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular rays with square or upright cells (black arrow) and procumbent cells (white arrow) mixed throughout the rays because of the presence of sheath cells, uniseriate rays and long row of marginal cells; G, Tls, vasicentric tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145327/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
|
), rounded to oval, 4-9 per mm² (average: 7); tangential diameter 115-230 µm (average: 170 µm). Tyloses sometimes present (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A219FFA98905FC88E688E933" box="[353,451,853,880]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,157,1717,1734]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-104@26.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 12. — Dipterocarpoxylon cf. jammuense Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, MNHN.F.50189: A, Ts, seemingly exclusively solitary vessels,vasicentric parenchyma, small pores interpreted as solitary secretory canals or in short lines (arrows); B, D, Ts, short lines of secretory canals (arrows); C, Tls,1-6-seriate rays, with rows of uniseriate marginal cells up to 19 cells, frequent uniseriate rays and sheath cells present (arrow); E, Ts, vessel puggled with tyloses, surrounded par vasicentric parenchyma (black arrow), secretory canals solitary or in short lines, surrounded by parenchyma (white arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular rays with square or upright cells (black arrow) and procumbent cells (white arrow) mixed throughout the rays because of the presence of sheath cells, uniseriate rays and long row of marginal cells; G, Tls, vasicentric tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145327/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Vessel elements 90-300 µm (average: 170 µm) long. Perforation plates simple, horizontal. Intervessel pits not visible. Vasicentric tracheids present and abundant (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A219FFA98964FC68E623E98C" box="[256,360,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,157,1717,1734]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-104@26.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 12. — Dipterocarpoxylon cf. jammuense Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, MNHN.F.50189: A, Ts, seemingly exclusively solitary vessels,vasicentric parenchyma, small pores interpreted as solitary secretory canals or in short lines (arrows); B, D, Ts, short lines of secretory canals (arrows); C, Tls,1-6-seriate rays, with rows of uniseriate marginal cells up to 19 cells, frequent uniseriate rays and sheath cells present (arrow); E, Ts, vessel puggled with tyloses, surrounded par vasicentric parenchyma (black arrow), secretory canals solitary or in short lines, surrounded by parenchyma (white arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular rays with square or upright cells (black arrow) and procumbent cells (white arrow) mixed throughout the rays because of the presence of sheath cells, uniseriate rays and long row of marginal cells; G, Tls, vasicentric tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145327/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Fig. 12G</figureCitation>
|
|
). Parenchyma mostly vasicentric and surrounding secretory canals in aliform-shaped short bands (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A219FFA988E9FC29E608EE4C" box="[141,323,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,157,1717,1734]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-104@26.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 12. — Dipterocarpoxylon cf. jammuense Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, MNHN.F.50189: A, Ts, seemingly exclusively solitary vessels,vasicentric parenchyma, small pores interpreted as solitary secretory canals or in short lines (arrows); B, D, Ts, short lines of secretory canals (arrows); C, Tls,1-6-seriate rays, with rows of uniseriate marginal cells up to 19 cells, frequent uniseriate rays and sheath cells present (arrow); E, Ts, vessel puggled with tyloses, surrounded par vasicentric parenchyma (black arrow), secretory canals solitary or in short lines, surrounded by parenchyma (white arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular rays with square or upright cells (black arrow) and procumbent cells (white arrow) mixed throughout the rays because of the presence of sheath cells, uniseriate rays and long row of marginal cells; G, Tls, vasicentric tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145327/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Fig. 12A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
|
); parenchyma cells estimated 75 µm long in average, 21-31 µm wide (average:26 µm) in tangential section. Rays 1- to 6-(7)-seriate, numerous uniseriate rays (25-50%) made of procumbent, upright and square cells, multiseriate rays being mainly 4-6-seriate (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A219FFA989F0FBA9E6B8EECD" box="[404,499,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,157,1717,1734]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-104@26.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 12. — Dipterocarpoxylon cf. jammuense Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, MNHN.F.50189: A, Ts, seemingly exclusively solitary vessels,vasicentric parenchyma, small pores interpreted as solitary secretory canals or in short lines (arrows); B, D, Ts, short lines of secretory canals (arrows); C, Tls,1-6-seriate rays, with rows of uniseriate marginal cells up to 19 cells, frequent uniseriate rays and sheath cells present (arrow); E, Ts, vessel puggled with tyloses, surrounded par vasicentric parenchyma (black arrow), secretory canals solitary or in short lines, surrounded by parenchyma (white arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular rays with square or upright cells (black arrow) and procumbent cells (white arrow) mixed throughout the rays because of the presence of sheath cells, uniseriate rays and long row of marginal cells; G, Tls, vasicentric tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145327/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
|
|
), leading to a tendency of 2 distinct sizes, 5-9 rays per mm (average: 6), 440-1230 µm (average: 780 µm) or up to 50 cells high or more, heterocellular made of procumbent cells with 1-19 upright or square cells at one or both ends (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A219FFA989EAFB2EE6A3EF4D" box="[398,488,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,157,1717,1734]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-104@26.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 12. — Dipterocarpoxylon cf. jammuense Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, MNHN.F.50189: A, Ts, seemingly exclusively solitary vessels,vasicentric parenchyma, small pores interpreted as solitary secretory canals or in short lines (arrows); B, D, Ts, short lines of secretory canals (arrows); C, Tls,1-6-seriate rays, with rows of uniseriate marginal cells up to 19 cells, frequent uniseriate rays and sheath cells present (arrow); E, Ts, vessel puggled with tyloses, surrounded par vasicentric parenchyma (black arrow), secretory canals solitary or in short lines, surrounded by parenchyma (white arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular rays with square or upright cells (black arrow) and procumbent cells (white arrow) mixed throughout the rays because of the presence of sheath cells, uniseriate rays and long row of marginal cells; G, Tls, vasicentric tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145327/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
|
|
); rays can appear with both upright and procumbent cells throughout the ray in radial section due to frequent uniseriate rays or sheath cells (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A219FFA98AFEFAEEE5B1EF0E" box="[666,762,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,157,1717,1734]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-104@26.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 12. — Dipterocarpoxylon cf. jammuense Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, MNHN.F.50189: A, Ts, seemingly exclusively solitary vessels,vasicentric parenchyma, small pores interpreted as solitary secretory canals or in short lines (arrows); B, D, Ts, short lines of secretory canals (arrows); C, Tls,1-6-seriate rays, with rows of uniseriate marginal cells up to 19 cells, frequent uniseriate rays and sheath cells present (arrow); E, Ts, vessel puggled with tyloses, surrounded par vasicentric parenchyma (black arrow), secretory canals solitary or in short lines, surrounded by parenchyma (white arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular rays with square or upright cells (black arrow) and procumbent cells (white arrow) mixed throughout the rays because of the presence of sheath cells, uniseriate rays and long row of marginal cells; G, Tls, vasicentric tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145327/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Fibres non-septate, 13-32 µm in diameter (average: 20 µm), very thick-walled with sometimes almost no lumina (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A219FFA98AC4FAAEE5B0EFCD" box="[672,763,1395,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,157,1717,1734]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-104@26.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 12. — Dipterocarpoxylon cf. jammuense Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, MNHN.F.50189: A, Ts, seemingly exclusively solitary vessels,vasicentric parenchyma, small pores interpreted as solitary secretory canals or in short lines (arrows); B, D, Ts, short lines of secretory canals (arrows); C, Tls,1-6-seriate rays, with rows of uniseriate marginal cells up to 19 cells, frequent uniseriate rays and sheath cells present (arrow); E, Ts, vessel puggled with tyloses, surrounded par vasicentric parenchyma (black arrow), secretory canals solitary or in short lines, surrounded by parenchyma (white arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular rays with square or upright cells (black arrow) and procumbent cells (white arrow) mixed throughout the rays because of the presence of sheath cells, uniseriate rays and long row of marginal cells; G, Tls, vasicentric tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145327/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Fig.12E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Secretory canals isolated or in short or seemingly short lines, often crushed, but the parenchyma band is still visible (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A219FFA98ACDFA6EE791EFAE" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,157,1717,1734]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-104@26.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 12. — Dipterocarpoxylon cf. jammuense Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, MNHN.F.50189: A, Ts, seemingly exclusively solitary vessels,vasicentric parenchyma, small pores interpreted as solitary secretory canals or in short lines (arrows); B, D, Ts, short lines of secretory canals (arrows); C, Tls,1-6-seriate rays, with rows of uniseriate marginal cells up to 19 cells, frequent uniseriate rays and sheath cells present (arrow); E, Ts, vessel puggled with tyloses, surrounded par vasicentric parenchyma (black arrow), secretory canals solitary or in short lines, surrounded by parenchyma (white arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular rays with square or upright cells (black arrow) and procumbent cells (white arrow) mixed throughout the rays because of the presence of sheath cells, uniseriate rays and long row of marginal cells; G, Tls, vasicentric tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145327/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Fig.12A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
|
); also recognizable in tangential and radial section as tubes surrounded by dislocated parenchyma cells, 40-80 µm of tangential diameter, 60-100 µm in radial diameter (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A219FFA98AFDF9CFE5B1EC6E" box="[665,762,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,157,1717,1734]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-104@26.[698,1267,761,1310]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 12. — Dipterocarpoxylon cf. jammuense Guleria, Gupta & Srivastava, MNHN.F.50189: A, Ts, seemingly exclusively solitary vessels,vasicentric parenchyma, small pores interpreted as solitary secretory canals or in short lines (arrows); B, D, Ts, short lines of secretory canals (arrows); C, Tls,1-6-seriate rays, with rows of uniseriate marginal cells up to 19 cells, frequent uniseriate rays and sheath cells present (arrow); E, Ts, vessel puggled with tyloses, surrounded par vasicentric parenchyma (black arrow), secretory canals solitary or in short lines, surrounded by parenchyma (white arrow); F, Rls, heterocellular rays with square or upright cells (black arrow) and procumbent cells (white arrow) mixed throughout the rays because of the presence of sheath cells, uniseriate rays and long row of marginal cells; G, Tls, vasicentric tracheids (arrow). Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C-F, 200 µm; G, 100 µm. Abbreviations: see Fig. 2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7145327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7145327/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C304656BA219FFAA88E0F98EE4A7EDAF" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="877" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A219FFA988E0F98EE64DEC2E" blockId="25.[131,777,1619,2028]" box="[132,262,1619,1645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">DISCUSSION</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A219FFA988E0F9AFE24FEEED" blockId="25.[131,777,1619,2028]" lastBlockId="25.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">
|
|
Despite its poor state of preservation, this wood specimen displays several diagnostic features. It is characterized by: 1) solitary secretory canals or in short lines; 2) vasicentric tracheids; 3) vasicentric parenchyma; 4) mostly 1-6-seriate rays; 5) heterocellular rays with a row of up to 19 uniseriate cells; and 6) sheath cells. The first two features are diagnostic of most
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA9894EF8ECE6AEED08" baseAuthorityName="Metcalfe & Chalk" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[298,485,1841,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dipterocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98993F8ECE44BED0F" author="METCALFE C. R. & CHALK L." box="[503,768,1841,1868]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" refId="ref44633" refString="METCALFE C. R. & CHALK L. 1950. - Anatomy of the Dicotyledons Vol. 1 & 2. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 1500 p. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 489685836" type="book" year="1950">Metcalfe & Chalk 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA988E0F88CE67CED2F" author="SCHWEITZER H. - J." box="[132,311,1873,1900]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47790" refString="SCHWEITZER H. - J. 1958. - Die fossilen Dipterocarpaceen-Holzer. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 105 (1 - 4): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1958">Schweitzer 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Solitary secretory canals in short lines, as well as almost exclusively solitary vessels indicate an affinity with the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98955F84FE5D9EDEF" authority="(Schweitzer 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[305,658,1937,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98955F84FE689EDE8" box="[305,450,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA989B7F84CE5CCEDEF" author="SCHWEITZER H. - J." box="[467,647,1937,1964]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47790" refString="SCHWEITZER H. - J. 1958. - Die fossilen Dipterocarpaceen-Holzer. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 105 (1 - 4): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1958">Schweitzer 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However, the compression and the preservation state of the wood make it complicated to precisely describe the pattern of the canals. Solitary or paired vessels and canals are also found in the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98B0AFF2AE493EB52" box="[878,984,247,273]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Anisoptera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98B0AFF2AE493EB52" box="[878,984,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Anisoptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98C6EFF25E384EB52" authority="Symington" authorityName="Symington" box="[1034,1231,247,273]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Upuna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98C6EFF25E319EB52" box="[1034,1106,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Upuna</emphasis>
|
|
Symington
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, in addition to sheath cells (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98B09FECAE36DEB71" author="SCHWEITZER H. - J." box="[877,1062,279,306]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref47790" refString="SCHWEITZER H. - J. 1958. - Die fossilen Dipterocarpaceen-Holzer. Palaeontographica Abteilung B 105 (1 - 4): 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1958">Schweitzer 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98C52FECAE2E3EB72" author="GOTTWALD H. P. J. & PARAMESWARAN N." box="[1078,1448,279,306]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" pagination="410 - 508" refId="ref41541" refString="GOTTWALD H. P. J. & PARAMESWARAN N. 1966. - Das sekundare Xylem der Familie Dipterocarpaceae, anatomische Untersuchungen zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Botanische Jarbucher fur Systematik 85 (3): 410 - 508." type="journal article" year="1966">Gottwald & Parameswaran 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98B49FEEAE4BEEB12" author="INSIDEWOOD" box="[813,1013,311,337]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
-onward;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98C05FEEAE26EEB12" author="OGATA K. & FUJII T. & ABE H. & BAAS P." box="[1121,1317,311,337]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" refId="ref45115" refString="OGATA K., FUJII T., ABE H. & BAAS P. 2008. - Identification of the Timbers of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. Kaiseisha Press, Otsu-shi, 408 p. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 1087889669" type="book" year="2008">
|
|
Ogata
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98CC9FEE5E3A8EB12" box="[1197,1251,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2008
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98B4BFE8AE4D0EB32" box="[815,923,343,369]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Anisoptera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98B4BFE8AE4D0EB32" box="[815,923,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Anisoptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has frequently larger rays (up to 8-seriate or more) and more or less continuous sheath cells in rays with shorter row of marginal ray cells.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98C5AFE4AE3CCEBF3" box="[1086,1159,407,432]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Upuna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98C5AFE4AE3CCEBF3" box="[1086,1159,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Upuna</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has less pronounced sheath cell, more tylose and canals less distinguishable in size from vessels than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98BC3FE0AE37FEBB3" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[935,1076,471,496]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98BC3FE0AE37FEBB3" box="[935,1076,471,496]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98C20FE0BE20CEBB3" author="RICHTER H. G. & DALLWITZ M. J." box="[1092,1351,470,496]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" refId="ref47428" refString="RICHTER H. G. & DALLWITZ M. J. 2000 - onward. - Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. In English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. Version: 9 th April 2019. DELTA - DEscription Language for TAxonomy. Available from https: // www. delta-intkey. com /" type="url" year="2000">Richter & Dallwitz 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
-onward). In addition,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98BD4FE2AE4B2E853" box="[944,1017,503,528]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Upuna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98BD4FE2AE4B2E853" box="[944,1017,503,528]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Upuna</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can have diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregate parenchyma (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98BDBFDCBE25AE873" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." box="[959,1297,534,561]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and is usually described with short lines of canals up to two canals maximum. However, the pictures on
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98C26FD8BE246E833" author="INSIDEWOOD" box="[1090,1293,598,624]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood (2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
-onward) show lines up to 4 canals and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98C25FDABE2E4E8D3" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." box="[1089,1455,630,656]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
mention also short and long tangential lines.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98D44FD4BE2FAE8EC" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1312,1457,662,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98D44FD4BE2FAE8EC" box="[1312,1457,662,687]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98B01FD6BE49AE893" box="[869,977,694,720]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Anisoptera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98B01FD6BE49AE893" box="[869,977,694,720]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Anisoptera</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) have silica bodies in ray cells in opposition to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98B2EFD0BE4D8E8AC" box="[842,915,726,751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Upuna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98B2EFD0BE4D8E8AC" box="[842,915,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Upuna</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Unfortunately, the preservation state of our fossil does not allow us to distinguish any mineral inclusion. Genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98B4FFCCBE4F7E96C" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[811,956,790,815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98B4FFCCBE4F7E96C" box="[811,956,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is the best modern analogue to our specimen because of the frequent short bands of parenchyma in transverse section, the great frequency of uniseriate rays, the length of the marginal part of the rays (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98CEFFCA8E205E9CC" author="INSIDEWOOD" box="[1163,1358,885,911]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" refId="ref42546" refString="INSIDEWOOD 2004 - onward. - Published on the Internet. Available from http: // insidewood. lib. ncsu. edu / search" type="url" year="2004">InsideWood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
-onward; wood specimens of extant species MNHN-P-P00400540, P00415879, P00402617 and CTFT19039), and numerous sheath cells (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98BD7FC09E259E9AD" author="GOTTWALD H. P. J. & PARAMESWARAN N." box="[947,1298,980,1007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" pagination="410 - 508" refId="ref41541" refString="GOTTWALD H. P. J. & PARAMESWARAN N. 1966. - Das sekundare Xylem der Familie Dipterocarpaceae, anatomische Untersuchungen zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie. Botanische Jarbucher fur Systematik 85 (3): 410 - 508." type="journal article" year="1966">Gottwald & Parameswaran 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Among
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98D18FC08E4DEEE4D" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98D18FC08E4DEEE4D" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, our specimen resembles modern species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98D23FC28E43FEE6D" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retusus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98D23FC28E2E6EE4D" box="[1351,1453,1013,1038]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">D. retusus</emphasis>
|
|
Blume
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98BE4FBC8E3DFEE6D" authority="Roxb. ex G. Don" authorityName="G. Don" box="[896,1172,1044,1071]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98BE4FBC8E495EE6D" box="[896,990,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">D. alatus</emphasis>
|
|
Roxb. ex G.Don
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98CC4FBC8E2E2EE6C" authority="Pierre ex Laness." authorityName="Laness." box="[1184,1449,1044,1071]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dyeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98CC4FBC8E3BFEE6D" box="[1184,1268,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">D. dyeri</emphasis>
|
|
Pierre ex Laness.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98B49FBE8E497EE0C" authority="Dyer" authorityName="Dyer" box="[813,988,1077,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cornutus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98B49FBE8E4E8EE0D" box="[813,931,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">D. cornutus</emphasis>
|
|
Dyer
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98B83FBE8E266EE0D" authority="(Blanco) Blanco" authorityName="Blanco" baseAuthorityName="Blanco" box="[999,1325,1076,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflorus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98B83FBE8E3CBEE0D" box="[999,1152,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">D. grandiflorus</emphasis>
|
|
(Blanco) Blanco
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98D38FBE8E4D0EE2D" authority="King" authorityName="King" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kunstleri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98D38FBE8E415EE2D" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">D. kunstleri</emphasis>
|
|
King
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
because of their rays with long uniseriate row of marginal cells and sheath cells as well as few paratracheal parenchyma other than scanty / vasicentric.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A219FFA98B27FB69E377ED0F" blockId="25.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">
|
|
Fossil wood related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98C49FB68E3F5EE8D" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1069,1214,1205,1230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98C49FB68E3F5EE8D" box="[1069,1214,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are grouped under the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98B17FB09E37BEEAD" box="[883,1072,1236,1262]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98B17FB09E37BEEAD" box="[883,1072,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpoxylon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Ghosh & Kazmi 1958;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98D2EFB09E48BEF4E" author="PRASAD M. & GAUTAM S." pageId="25" pageNumber="876" pagination="247 - 270" refId="ref46820" refString="PRASAD M. & GAUTAM S. 2016. - Dipterocarpaceous macrofossils from Churia Group of Arjun Khola area, western Nepal and their phytogeographical and Paleoclimatical implications. The Palaeobotanist 65 (2): 247 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.54991 / jop. 2016.313" type="journal article" year="2016">Prasad & Gautam 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).To our knowledge, no fossil wood resembling
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98B4FFAC9E43FEF6E" box="[811,884,1300,1325]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Upuna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98B4FFAC9E43FEF6E" box="[811,884,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Upuna</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been described. It is yet difficult to attribute our specimen to an individual
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98C5BFAEEE201EF0E" box="[1087,1354,1331,1357]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98C5BFAEEE3B1EF0E" box="[1087,1274,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpoxylon</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
due to its poor preservation. Among the closets described
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98D4FFA89E426EFCE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98D4FFA89E426EFCE" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpoxylon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13252A65A219FFA98B1EFAAEE4B9EFCE" box="[890,1010,1395,1421]" captionStart="APPENDIX" captionStartId="55.[61,73,447,464]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="APPENDIX 1. — Synthetic summary of main characters of the Dipterocarp fossil woods mentioned in the article, as described by the original authors (first name), the authors who redescribed a specimen of the same species or emmended the original diagnosis (second name), or as extracted from another publication (in parenthesis). Features in parenthesis are less commun." pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98C63FAA9E3D3EFCE" box="[1031,1176,1396,1421]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jammuense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98C63FAA9E3D3EFCE" box="[1031,1176,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">D. jammuense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shows the closest anatomy, with parenchyma restricted to vasicentric and very rarely diffuse, 1-6-seriate rays, uniseriate ones 2-11 cells high, marginal row of ray cells up to 12 cells, common sheath cells and small canals (up to 80 µm in diameter);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98CCAFA2EE20DEC4F" box="[1198,1350,1523,1548]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jammuense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98CCAFA2EE20DEC4F" box="[1198,1350,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">D. jammuense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs in having mostly 3-5-seriate rays (compared to mostly 1- and then 5-seriate) and longer vessel elements (up to 600 µm, compared to up to 300 µm); other species display a similar ray composition, such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98C27F9AEE26FECCF" authority="Schweitzer" authorityName="Schweitzer" box="[1091,1316,1650,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98C27F9AEE3E2ECCF" box="[1091,1193,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">D. gracile</emphasis>
|
|
Schweitzer
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98D55F9AEE49AECEE" authority="Prakash (1975)" authorityName="Prakash" authorityYear="1975" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cynometroxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="siwalicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98D55F9AEE2FBECCF" box="[1329,1456,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">D. siwalicus</emphasis>
|
|
Prakash (1975)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98BBAF94EE210ECEE" authority="Ghosh & Ghosh (1959)" authorityName="Ghosh & Ghosh" authorityYear="1959" box="[990,1371,1682,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malavii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98BBAF94EE31BECEF" box="[990,1104,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">D. malavii</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98C32F94FE210ECEE" author="GHOSH S. & GHOSH A. K." box="[1110,1371,1682,1709]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" pagination="328 - 332" refId="ref41385" refString="GHOSH S. & GHOSH A. K. 1959. - Dipterocarpoxylon malavii sp. nov.: a new fossil record from the pliocene of Kutch. Science and Culture 25: 328 - 332." type="journal article" year="1959">Ghosh & Ghosh (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98D03F94EE249EC8E" authority="Vozenin-Serra & Prive-Gill (2001)" authorityName="Vozenin-Serra & Prive-Gill" authorityYear="2001" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarapeense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98D03F94EE432EC8F" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">D. sarapeense</emphasis>
|
|
Vozenin-Serra & Privé-Gill (2001)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but they often differ by either higher rays, shorter lines of canals, bigger canals, mostly diffuse or diffuse-in-aggregate parenchyma or less sheath cells. Our specimen is thus attributed to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98D32F8CFE37EED08" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jammuense">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98D32F8CFE4D0ED08" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpoxylon</emphasis>
|
|
cf.
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98BA6F8EFE37EED08" box="[962,1077,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">jammuense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BA136E0A219FFAA8B27F88FE4A7EDAF" blockId="25.[811,1457,215,2028]" lastBlockId="26.[812,1455,1905,2028]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="877" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98B27F88FE491ED28" baseAuthorityName="Schweitzer" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[835,986,1874,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98B27F88FE491ED28" box="[835,986,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is common in evergreen, sometimes present in semi-evergreen forests or dry deciduous dipterocarp forests, mostly in lowlands and occasionally up to
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A219FFA98D33F84CE2E5EDEF" box="[1367,1454,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
|
altitude. (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98BF9F86CE37AED88" author="ASHTON P. S." box="[925,1073,1969,1995]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" pagination="237 - 552" refId="ref37953" refString="ASHTON P. S. 1982. - Dipterocarpaceae, in VAN STEENIS C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 9 (2): 237 - 552. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532631" type="journal article" year="1982">Ashton 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98C25F86CE2E3ED88" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." box="[1089,1448,1969,1996]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A219FFA98B49F80CE482EDA8" author="GHAZOUL J." box="[813,969,2001,2027]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876" refId="ref41276" refString="GHAZOUL J. 2016. - Dipterocarp Biology, Ecology, and Conservation. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 307 p. http: // doi. org / 10.1093 / acprof: oso / 9780199639656.001.0001" type="book" year="2016">Ghazoul 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). All extant
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A219FFA98C28F80FE279EDA8" box="[1100,1330,2001,2027]" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A219FFA98C28F80FE3ABEDA8" box="[1100,1248,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="876">Dipterocarpus</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
mentioned above grow in evergreen or semi-evergreen lowland tropical forests, in mixed dipterocarp forests and sometimes seasonal forests (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21AFFAA8926F86CE69EED88" author="ASHTON P. S." box="[322,469,1969,1995]" pageId="26" pageNumber="877" pagination="237 - 552" refId="ref37953" refString="ASHTON P. S. 1982. - Dipterocarpaceae, in VAN STEENIS C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 9 (2): 237 - 552. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532631" type="journal article" year="1982">Ashton 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21AFFAA8981F86CE53AED88" author="IUCN" box="[485,625,1969,1995]" pageId="26" pageNumber="877" pagination="2307 - 8235" refId="ref42571" refString="IUCN 2021. - The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021 - 3. ISSN 2307 - 8235. https: // www. iucnredlist. org." type="book chapter" year="2021">IUCN 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21AFFAA8AEEF86FE7BDEDA8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="26" pageNumber="877" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retusus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21AFFAA8AEEF86FE7BDEDA8" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="877">Dipterocarpus retusus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is also found in montane forests (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21AFFAA8A0BF80CE44BEDA8" author="ASHTON P. S." box="[623,768,2001,2027]" pageId="26" pageNumber="877" pagination="237 - 552" refId="ref37953" refString="ASHTON P. S. 1982. - Dipterocarpaceae, in VAN STEENIS C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 9 (2): 237 - 552. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532631" type="journal article" year="1982">Ashton 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21AFFAA8B49F8AFE48DEDC8" author="LY V. & NANTHAVONG K. & POOMA R. & LUU H. T. & NGUYEN H. N. & VU V. D. & HOANG V. S. & KHOU E. H. & NEWMAN M. F." box="[813,966,1905,1932]" pageId="26" pageNumber="877" pagination="2817693" refId="ref44117" refString="LY V., NANTHAVONG K., POOMA R., LUU H. T., NGUYEN H. N., VU V. D., HOANG V. S., KHOU E. H. & NEWMAN M. F. 2017. - Dipterocarpus retusus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e. T 32400 A 2817693. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2017 - 3. RLTS. T 32400 A 2817693. en" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
|
Ly
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21AFFAA8B2BF8AFE4CEEDC8" box="[847,901,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="877">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2017
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63A21AFFAA8BBBF8AFE361EDC8" box="[991,1066,1906,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Upuna" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="26" pageNumber="877" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2A21AFFAA8BBBF8AFE361EDC8" box="[991,1066,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="877">Upuna</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a genus endemic to Borneo that grows in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests and on coastal hills up to
|
|
<quantity id="4CE69B05A21AFFAA8BC3F86CE4BBED8F" box="[935,1008,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="877" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
|
|
altitude (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21AFFAA8C05F86CE3B8ED88" author="ASHTON P. S." box="[1121,1267,1969,1995]" pageId="26" pageNumber="877" pagination="237 - 552" refId="ref37953" refString="ASHTON P. S. 1982. - Dipterocarpaceae, in VAN STEENIS C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora Malesiana, Series 1, Spermatophyta 9 (2): 237 - 552. https: // repository. naturalis. nl / pub / 532631" type="journal article" year="1982">Ashton 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11A21AFFAA8D66F86CE490EDA8" author="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J." pageId="26" pageNumber="877" refId="ref47964" refString="SOERIANEGARA I. & LEMMENS R. H. M. J. (eds) 1993. - Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen, 610 p. (Plant resources of South-East Asia [PRO- SEA], 5 [1]). https: // www. sudoc. fr / 013093835" type="book" year="1993">Soerianegara & Lemmens 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |