184 lines
21 KiB
XML
184 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0356D5DBCE8C942E632EE8E1E19E68E2">Taxonomic revision of Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 (Phasmatodea, Pseudophasmatidae) based on phallic and external morphology</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFF96FF8BFF2AFBF1FDA7F25C" ID-CoL="4D7XQ" authority="(Gray, 1835)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[151,594,1099,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatum">
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<emphasis id="B968EAAEFF96FF8BFF2AFBF1FE5AF25F" bold="true" box="[151,431,1099,1126]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Paraphasma fasciatum</emphasis>
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(
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)
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[
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<emphasis id="B968EAAEFF96FF8BFDD9FBF6FCEEF25C" bold="true" box="[612,795,1099,1126]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">nomen dubium</emphasis>
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]
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<emphasis id="B968EAAEFF96FF8BFF2AFB2AFEA1F292" box="[151,340,1168,1192]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Phasma fasciatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFEE6FB2BFE02F293" author="Gray, G. R." box="[347,503,1168,1193]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref45958" refString="Gray, G. R. (1835) Synopsis of the species of insects belonging to the family of Phasmidae. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, London, 48 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8697" type="book" year="1835">Gray, 1835: 24</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFD4AFB2BFC3EF293" author="De Haan, W." box="[759,971,1169,1193]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="45 - 243" refId="ref45232" refString="De Haan, W. (1842) Bijdragen tot de Kennis der Orthoptera. In: Temminck, C. J. (Ed.), Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen. V. 3. In Commissie Bij S. En J. Luchtmans En C. C. Van Der Hoek, Leiden, pp. 45 - 243." type="book chapter" year="1842">De Haan, 1842: 123</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFC6BFB2AFB4CF293" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[982,1209,1168,1193]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref48660" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 195 pp., XL pls." type="book" year="1859">Westwood, 1859: 120</bibRefCitation>
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.
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Unspecified
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(s):
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<collectingCountry id="F30B762CFF96FF8BFF7AFB15FEFDF2FD" box="[199,264,1199,1223]" name="Brazil" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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. [probably lost]
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFF96FF8BFF2AFB74FDC4F2DC" authority=", Kirby, 1904 a: 410" authorityName=", Kirby" authorityPageNumber="410" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,561,1230,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Olcyphides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAAEFF96FF8BFF2AFB74FE9CF2DC" box="[151,361,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Olcyphides fasciatus</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFECBFB74FDC4F2DC" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[374,561,1230,1254]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref46828" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904 a) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. I. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria, et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). Taylor & Francis, London, 501 pp." type="book" year="1904">Kirby, 1904a: 410</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFD86FB74FD13F2DC" author="Rehn, J. A. G." box="[571,742,1230,1254]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="262 - 278" refId="ref47694" refString="Rehn, J. A. G. (1906) Records and descriptions of non-saltatorial Orthoptera from British Guiana. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 58, 262 - 278." type="journal article" year="1906">Rehn, 1906: 278</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFD4CFB74FC69F2DC" author="Rehn, J. A. G." box="[753,924,1230,1254]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="151 - 192" refId="ref47731" refString="Rehn, J. A. G. (1907) Non-saltatorial and acridoid Orthoptera from Sapucay, Paraguay. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 59, 151 - 192." type="journal article" year="1907">Rehn, 1907: 165</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFF96FF8BFF2AFB56FD60F33E" ID-CoL="4D7XQ" authority=", Redtenbacher, 1906: 116" authorityName=", Redtenbacher" authorityPageNumber="116" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,661,1260,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatum">
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<emphasis id="B968EAAEFF96FF8BFF2AFB56FE71F33E" box="[151,388,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Paraphasma fasciatum</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFE2FFB56FD60F33E" author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[402,661,1260,1284]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref47604" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1906) I. Tribus Bacillini, II. Tribus Obrimini, III. Tribus Pygirhynchini, IV. Tribus Ascepasmini, V. Tribus Anisomorphini, VI. Tribus Phasmini, VII. Tribus Heteropterygini, VIII. Tribus Phyllini. In: Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. & Redtenbacher, J. (Eds.), 1906 - 1908, Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 18, tafel I - VI." type="book chapter" year="1906">Redtenbacher, 1906: 116</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFD1FFB56FC89F33F" author="Giglio-Tos, E." box="[674,892,1260,1285]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref45706" refString="Giglio-Tos, E. (1910) Fasmidi esotici del R. Museo zoologico di Torino e del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della Royal Universita di Torino, 25, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1910">Giglio-Tos, 1910: 10</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFC34FB56FB35F33E" author="Passerin d'Entreves, P." box="[905,1216,1260,1285]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref47396" refString="Passerin d'Entreves, P. (1981) Cataloghi. IV - Collezione Ortotterologiche del Museo di Zoologia de'll Universita di Torino. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Turin, 127 pp." type="book" year="1981">Passerin d’Entrèves, 1981: 55</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFB70FB57FA6DF33E" author="Zompro, O." box="[1229,1432,1260,1285]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 327" refId="ref48943" refString="Zompro, O. (2004) Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, Neue Folge, 37, 1 - 327." type="journal article" year="2004">Zompro, 2004: 159</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFF7AFAB1FE32F319" author="Otte, D. & Brock, P. D." box="[199,455,1291,1315]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref47359" refString="Otte, D. & Brock, P. D. (2005) Phasmida Species File. Catalog of stick and leaf insects of the world. Insect Diversity Association, Philadelphia, 414 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte & Brock, 2005: 251</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFE6CFAB1FD49F319" author="Conle, O. V. & Hennemann, F. H. & Bellanger, Y. & Lelong, P. & Jourdan, T. & Valero, P." box="[465,700,1291,1315]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 136" refId="ref44918" refString="Conle, O. V., Hennemann, F. H., Bellanger, Y., Lelong, P., Jourdan, T. & Valero, P. (2020) Studies on neotropical Phasmatodea XX: a new genus and 16 new species from French Guiana. Zootaxa, 4814 (1), 1 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4814.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Conle
|
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<emphasis id="B968EAAEFF96FF8BFDA9FAB6FDB2F319" box="[532,583,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2020: 126
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFD7AFAB1FB6DF319" author="Chiquetto-Machado, P. I. & Cancello, E. M." box="[711,1176,1291,1315]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="158 - 198" refId="ref44573" refString="Chiquetto-Machado, P. I. & Cancello, E. M. (2021) Cladistic analysis of Paraphasma (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) highlights the importance of the phallic organ for phasmid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 193, 158 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 004" type="journal article" year="2021">Chiquetto-Machado & Cancello, 2021: 26–28</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFF96FF8BFB1AFAB6FAC9F319" box="[1191,1340,1291,1315]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066537FF96FF8BFF2AFAEBFB5BF3E2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336BCFF96FF8BFF2AFAEBFB5BF3E2" blockId="67.[151,1437,1361,1496]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFF96FF8BFF2AFAEBFEFEF351" bold="true" box="[151,267,1361,1387]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A7881EFF96FF8BFEF4FAE8FE8CF356" box="[329,377,1362,1388]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFF96FF8BFDB4FAEBFCFBF351" authorityName=", Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[521,782,1361,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFF96FF8BFDB4FAEBFCFBF351" box="[521,782,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Paraphasma fasciatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely to be lost (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFC44FAEBFB3FF351" author="Brock, P. D. & Buscher, T. & Baker, E." box="[1017,1226,1361,1388]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref44114" refString="Brock, P. D., Buscher, T. & Baker, E. (2022) Phasmida Species File Online, version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // phasmida. speciesfile. org / (accessed 15 January 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
|
||
Brock
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFF96FF8BFBF4FAE8FB89F351" box="[1097,1148,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Only a brief and superficial description was presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFDDDFACFFD1CF3AA" author="Gray, G. R." box="[608,745,1397,1424]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refId="ref45958" refString="Gray, G. R. (1835) Synopsis of the species of insects belonging to the family of Phasmidae. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, London, 48 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8697" type="book" year="1835">Gray (1835)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the collecting locality mentioned for the species is vague (“Brasiliâ” =
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B762CFF96FF8BFE92FA23FE8DF38E" box="[303,376,1433,1460]" name="Brazil" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
). For these reasons, the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D3FFF96FF8BFCBFFA20FC7EF389" authorityName=", Redtenbacher" authorityYear="1906" box="[770,907,1433,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudophasmatidae" genus="Paraphasma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFF96FF8BFCBFFA20FC7EF389" box="[770,907,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">P. fasciatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can only be clarified if the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A7881EFF96FF8BFB7FFA20FB07F38E" box="[1218,1266,1434,1460]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is found and it is considered a
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAAEFF96FF8BFEF8FA04FE1FF3ED" box="[325,490,1469,1495]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
[for more details, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B4DFF96FF8BFD58FA07FB56F3E2" author="Chiquetto-Machado, P. I. & Cancello, E. M." box="[741,1187,1469,1496]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="158 - 198" refId="ref44573" refString="Chiquetto-Machado, P. I. & Cancello, E. M. (2021) Cladistic analysis of Paraphasma (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) highlights the importance of the phallic organ for phasmid systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 193, 158 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 004" type="journal article" year="2021">Chiquetto-Machado & Cancello (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |