328 lines
39 KiB
XML
328 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="79E1D7005F93940115EEDA7FCE80F038" ID-CLB-Dataset="30758" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4379.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="865903f4-a866-4708-88df-26f5df06baa2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1172318" ID-ZooBank="03F8692B-1887-4A18-AA23-B9BC20DD1426" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1518511382573" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Craig, Jack M., Malabarba, Luiz R., Crampton, William G. R. & Albert, James S." docDate="2018" docId="03B58790DB4DFFB6F886FC22FBE5793B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4379.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4379 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gymnotus omarorum Richer-de-Forges, Crampton & Albert 2009" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="FF8CFFE8DB43FFA6F811FFBDFFC57A2E" masterDocTitle="Revision of Banded Knifefishes of the Gymnotus carapo and G. tigre clades (Gymnotidae Gymnotiformes) from the Southern Neotropics" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698514722620" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5706EDF50A8486E8D3540C7DA4956F7D">
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<mods:title id="C535BC9574030480593ACB49D28A1E8E">Revision of Banded Knifefishes of the Gymnotus carapo and G. tigre clades (Gymnotidae Gymnotiformes) from the Southern Neotropics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="0D3D16999D3BF9F0BC3020EE483323CC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CED8739FF2A5578CDCE8EB104E667F0B">Craig, Jack M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1D2F4437BA63FBA2F04B433CC0F59565">Malabarba, Luiz R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF1B3DE1FB68065D55AA879DE60B1C19">Crampton, William G. R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="2DDD8D03CE8DD585B285600E5AFAD305">Albert, James S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="66DE3045C4E273BBAD92CDEBA9A66DBF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AF819E0AB6DACC046E9D5BB97DA7D978">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FB68BE519087CD060D1A7C888B7723D0">
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<mods:date id="E727131962076FE6ACDD6064F79A46FD">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3649798D67FA6FD7E000AD54E0A77943">2018-02-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="866369F792C6068701000AEBD6FB1BA3">4379</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3D13D96C51BC690144123069D456E2D0">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="20C976F67083E17A0596379184F75A2C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BD162C4063CA766A26938A37E32BE3D1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4379.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B58790DB4DFFB6F886FC22FBE5793B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5960793" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140583074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5960793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B58790DB4DFFB6F886FC22FBE5793B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B58790DB4DFFB6F886FC22FBE5793B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="C306650DDB4DFFA8F886FC22FEA179F4" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA33686DB4DFFA8F886FC22FC217997" blockId="14.[151,996,927,987]" box="[151,996,927,953]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="D0EB81EADB4DFFA8F886FC22FC217997" bold="true" box="[151,996,927,953]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8F886FC22FC217997" bold="true" box="[151,996,927,953]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB4DFFA8F886FC22FE5E7997" ID-CoL="3HVMW" ID-ENA="1960596" authorityName="Richer-de-Forges, Crampton & Albert" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,411,927,953]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omarorum">
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<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8F886FC22FE5E7997" bold="true" box="[151,411,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Gymnotus omarorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B77DB4DFFA8F9B3FC22FC217997" box="[418,996,927,953]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" refId="ref19503" refString="Richer-de-Forges, M. M., Crampton, W. G. R. & Albert, J. S. (2009) A New Species of Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae) from Uruguay: Description of a Model Species in Neurophysiological Research. Copeia, 2009, 538 - 544. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 07 - 103" type="journal article">Richer-de-Forges, Crampton and Albert, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB4DFFA8F886FC7FFEA179F4" blockId="14.[151,996,927,987]" box="[151,356,962,987]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
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<figureCitation id="13272A03DB4DFFA8F886FC7FFEC079F4" box="[151,261,962,987]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,985,1900]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[340,1247,985,1900]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12. Gymnotus omarorum with the position of first ventral lateral-line ramus illustrated. A. Gymnotus omarorum holotype, ZVC-P 6480 (254 mm). B. Gymnotus cuia holotype, UFRGS 23700 (193 mm). Note the posterior position of first ventral lateral-line ramus relative to G. omarorum. C. Gymnotus carapo australis (MLP 11222, 289 mm). Note, again, the posterior position of first ventral lateral-line ramus relative to G.omarorum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1172338/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Figure 12</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C69E033DDB4DFFA8F900FC7FFEA179F4" box="[273,356,962,987]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="19.[151,239,584,607]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for 128 specimens in six species of the G. carapo clade. See Materials and Methods for morphometric abbreviations. Modes reported for all meristic characters except numbers of anal-fin rays (AFR), pored lateral-line scales anterior to the first ventral lateral-line ramus (PLR), total pored lateral-line scales (PLL) and ventral lateral-line rami (VLR), all of which are reported as medians." pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Table 1</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C306650DDB4DFFA8F886FBB7FD937C4D" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA33686DB4DFFA8F886FBB7FD937C4D" blockId="14.[151,1436,1034,2031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
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||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8F886FBB7FE417E0D" bold="true" box="[151,388,1034,1059]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Material examined:</emphasis>
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||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8F99CFBB6FD9E7E0C" box="[397,603,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8F99CFBB6FE377E0C" box="[397,498,1035,1058]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB4DFFA8F9EEFBB6FD917E0C" box="[511,596,1035,1058]" country="Uruguay" name="Artigas" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Artigas</collectingRegion>
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:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
ZVC-P
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||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FAAFFBB7FC8E7E0C" box="[702,843,1034,1059]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6184999999999998" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="16185.0">16, 185 mm</quantity>
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||
, Río
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FB98FBB6FC2E7E0D" box="[905,1003,1035,1059]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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drainage, Río Cuareim, del Yucutuja, Rancho El Ombu (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8F979FB92FE2A7E69" box="[360,495,1071,1095]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-31.67">31°40’12”S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8F9EBFB93FD597E69" box="[506,668,1070,1095]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-57.170002">057°10’12”W</geoCoordinate>
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||
); ZVC-P 404 (2),
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||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FB4BFB93FC307E68" box="[858,1013,1070,1095]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="175.0" valueMax="190.0" valueMin="160.0">160–190 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Río
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FC3EFB92FB547E69" box="[1071,1169,1071,1095]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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||
drainage, Río Cuareim, Picada Tareira (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8F95FFBEFFE137E45" box="[334,470,1106,1131]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-34.420002">34°25’12”S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8F9F5FBEFFD437E45" box="[484,646,1106,1131]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-56.420002">056°25’12”W</geoCoordinate>
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||
); ZVC-P
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FAE9FBEFFC617E44" box="[760,932,1106,1130]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.273278" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2273278.0">2273, 278 mm</quantity>
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||
, Canal de Riego; ZVC-P 2906 (3),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FD59FBEFFF007EA0" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.05" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="150.0" valueMax="205.0" valueMin="95.0">95–205 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Río
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8F912FBCAFEA07EA1" box="[259,357,1143,1167]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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||
drainage, Río Cuareim, Rancho Pereira Reverbell (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8FBA3FBCAFBFC7EA1" box="[946,1081,1143,1167]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-30.189999">30°11’24”S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8FC57FBCBFB227EA1" box="[1094,1255,1142,1167]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-57.16">057°09’36”W</geoCoordinate>
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||
); ZVC-P 3407b (3),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8F8DBFB27FEA07E9C" box="[202,357,1178,1203]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.175" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.95" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="217.5" valueMax="240.0" valueMin="195.0">195–240 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Río
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8F9B8FB26FDCE7E9D" box="[425,523,1179,1203]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
drainage, Catalán Chico, Rancho Martine; ZVC-P
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FC7BFB27FADD7E9C" box="[1130,1304,1178,1203]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.634286" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="3634286.0">3634, 286 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB4DFFA8FD39FB27FAA17E9D" box="[1320,1380,1178,1203]" country="Uruguay" name="Salto" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Salto</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Río
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8F886FB02FF3C7EF9" box="[151,249,1215,1239]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
drainage,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB4DFFA8F97EFB03FE6C7EF9" box="[367,425,1214,1239]" country="Uruguay" name="Salto" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Salto</collectingRegion>
|
||
City.
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||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8F9FDFB02FD7E7EF9" box="[492,699,1214,1239]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8F9FDFB02FD947EF8" box="[492,593,1215,1238]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB4DFFA8FA4CFB03FD707EF9" box="[605,693,1214,1239]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZVC-P 105 (2),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FB6AFB02FBD77EF8" box="[891,1042,1215,1239]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="135.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="100.0">100–170 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Río
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FC5FFB02FB757EF9" box="[1102,1200,1215,1239]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
drainage, Laguna en
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8F886FB5FFF2E7ED5" box="[151,235,1250,1275]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Cañada</collectingCountry>
|
||
Invernada (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8F965FB5FFE3E7ED5" box="[372,507,1250,1275]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-31.01">31°00’36”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8FA18FB5FFD6E7ED5" box="[521,683,1250,1275]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-56.01">056°00’36”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); ZVC-P 303 (2),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FB6DFB5FFBD07ED4" box="[892,1045,1250,1275]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="1.73" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="194.0" valueMax="215.0" valueMin="173.0">173–215 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Río
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FC43FB5EFB717ED5" box="[1106,1204,1251,1275]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
drainage, Río
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FD4FFB5FFF127F31" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Santa Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8F8F6FABBFEAB7F31" box="[231,366,1286,1311]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-34.440002">34°26’24”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 056°23’60”W); ZVC-P
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FA9AFABAFCF77F30" box="[651,818,1286,1311]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.423146" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="3423146.0">3423, 146 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Río
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FB7FFABAFC157F31" box="[878,976,1287,1311]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
drainage,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FC59FABBFB597F31" box="[1096,1180,1286,1311]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Cañada</collectingCountry>
|
||
Milano; ZVC-P
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FD4CFABBFF327F6C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.502227" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="5502227.0">5502, 227 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Río
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8F924FA96FE527F6D" box="[309,407,1323,1347]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
drainage, Río
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FA2EFA97FD0C7F6D" box="[575,713,1322,1347]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Santa Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FAC4FA97FCEC7F6D" box="[725,809,1322,1347]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Cañada</collectingCountry>
|
||
Casupa.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8FB83FA96FBB37F6D" box="[914,1142,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FB83FA96FC327F6C" box="[914,1015,1323,1346]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB4DFFA8FC15FA97FBB47F6D" box="[1028,1137,1322,1347]" country="Uruguay" name="Lavalleja" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Lavalleja</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZVC-P 950 (2),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FD2BFA97FF007F48" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.405" metricValueMax="1.58" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="140.5" valueMax="158.0" valueMin="123.0">123–158 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Rio Cebollatí, Laguna Merín, Rancho Sosa Diaz,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FB0AFAF3FCAA7F49" box="[795,879,1358,1383]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
Mariscala (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8FBEAFAF3FB477F49" box="[1019,1154,1358,1383]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-33.440002">33°26’24”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 054°23’60”W); ZVC-P 1917, 82 mm, Laguna Merín drainage, Villa Serrana,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FAFDFACFFC857FA5" box="[748,832,1394,1419]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Cañada</collectingCountry>
|
||
los Chanchos (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8FBFDFACEFBB17FA5" box="[1004,1140,1395,1419]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-34.32">34°19’12”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8FC6EFACFFAE57FA5" box="[1151,1312,1394,1419]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-54.96">054°57’36”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8FD22FACEFEE47F81" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FD22FACEFA5D7FA4" box="[1331,1432,1395,1418]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB4DFFA8F886FA2BFED97F81" box="[151,284,1430,1455]" country="Uruguay" name="Maldonado" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Maldonado</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZVC-P 6480 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78824DB4DFFA8F9E0FA2BFD9C7F81" box="[497,601,1430,1455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FA6BFA2BFD227F80" box="[634,743,1430,1455]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Río Cisne drainage, Laguna del Sauce (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8FD01FA2BFA527F81" box="[1296,1431,1430,1455]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-34.838886">34°50’20”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8F886FA07FEFD7FFD" box="[151,312,1466,1491]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-55.114445">055°06’52”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE43DB4DFFA8F941FA06FE607FFD" box="[336,421,1467,1491]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
239656 (16) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78824DB4DFFA8FA43FA06FD067FFD" box="[594,707,1467,1491]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FACBFA06FCA27FFC" box="[730,871,1467,1491]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="2.2199999999999998" metricValueMin="0.32" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="127.0" valueMax="222.0" valueMin="32.0">32–222 mm</quantity>
|
||
, same locality as ZVC-P 6480;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE43DB4DFFA8FCF5FA06FADA7FFD" box="[1252,1311,1467,1491]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">MCP</collectionCode>
|
||
41266 (3) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78824DB4DFFA8F88FFA62FECA7FD9" box="[158,271,1503,1527]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8F932FA63FE7C7FD8" box="[291,441,1502,1527]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="170.0" valueMax="190.0" valueMin="150.0">150–190 mm</quantity>
|
||
, same locality as ZVC-P 6480; ZVC-P 6481 (33) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78824DB4DFFA8FBE1FA62FBA47FD9" box="[1008,1121,1503,1527]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FC65FA62FB387FD8" box="[1140,1277,1503,1527]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" metricValueMax="2.0100000000000002" metricValueMin="0.22999999999999998" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="112.0" valueMax="201.0" valueMin="23.0">23–201 mm</quantity>
|
||
, same locality as ZVC-P 6480.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8F964F9BEFD817C34" box="[373,580,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8F964F9BEFE1F7C34" box="[373,474,1539,1562]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB4DFFA8F9E0F9BEFDFA7C34" box="[497,575,1539,1562]" country="Uruguay" name="Rivera" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Rivera</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZVC-P
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FAABF9BFFCB37C34" box="[698,886,1538,1563]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.351245" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="1351245.0">1351, 245 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB4DFFA8FB9CF9BEFBD47C35" box="[909,1041,1539,1563]" country="Uruguay" name="Rio Negro" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Río Negro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FC36F9BFFBBE7C35" box="[1063,1147,1538,1563]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Cañada</collectingCountry>
|
||
Cuñapirú (31°11’60”S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB4DFFA8F886F99BFEFD7C11" box="[151,312,1574,1599]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" precision="15" value="-55.6">055°36’00”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8F95DF99AFDA57C10" box="[332,608,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8F95DF99AFE747C10" box="[332,433,1575,1598]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB4DFFA8F9ADF99AFD9F7C10" box="[444,602,1575,1598]" country="Uruguay" name="Treinta y Tres" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Treinta y Tres</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZVC-P 7429 (3),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FB3EF99BFC037C10" box="[815,966,1574,1599]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.48" metricValueMax="2.69" metricValueMin="2.27" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="248.0" valueMax="269.0" valueMin="227.0">227–269 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Laguna El Tigre.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8FC89F99AFA597C11" box="[1176,1436,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB4DFFA8FC89F99AFB387C10" box="[1176,1277,1575,1598]" name="Uruguay" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB4DFFA8FD19F99BFA507C11" box="[1288,1429,1574,1599]" country="Uruguay" name="Tacuarembo" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Tacuarembó</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZVC-P
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8F8FEF9F6FE517C4C" box="[239,404,1611,1635]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.430222" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="7430222.0">7430, 222 mm</quantity>
|
||
, Laguna Lavalle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306650DDB4DFFA8F8D6F9D3FCAE7CDD" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB4DFFA8F8D6F9D3FCAE7CDD" blockId="14.[151,1436,1034,2031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8F8D6F9D3FE847CA9" bold="true" box="[199,321,1646,1671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB4DFFA8F958F9D2FDFD7CA8" authorityName="Richer-de-Forges, Crampton & Albert" authorityYear="2009" box="[329,568,1647,1670]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omarorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8F958F9D2FDFD7CA8" box="[329,568,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Gymnotus omarorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all sympatric members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB4DFFA8FC34F9D2FB547CA8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1061,1169,1647,1670]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8FC34F9D2FB547CA8" box="[1061,1169,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">G. carapo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade on the following characters: 1, few anal-fin pterygiophore scales (APS 2–6, mode 6 vs. 6–13, mode 8); 2, few pored lateral-line scales anterior to the first ventral lateral-line ramus (PLR 23–30, median 27 vs. 30–50, median 38); 3, many ventral lateral-line rami (VLR 28–30, median 29 vs. 13–28, median 22).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306650DDB4DFFB6F8D6F943FBE5793B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB4DFFA9F8D6F943FA8E798B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1034,2031]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,933]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4DFFA8F8D6F943FE9E7D39" bold="true" box="[199,347,1790,1815]" pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric and meristic data in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69E033DDB4DFFA8FB02F943FCA87D39" box="[787,877,1790,1815]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="19.[151,239,584,607]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for 128 specimens in six species of the G. carapo clade. See Materials and Methods for morphometric abbreviations. Modes reported for all meristic characters except numbers of anal-fin rays (AFR), pored lateral-line scales anterior to the first ventral lateral-line ramus (PLR), total pored lateral-line scales (PLL) and ventral lateral-line rami (VLR), all of which are reported as medians." pageId="14" pageNumber="61">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Sexually monomorphic, including in breeding condition. Total length to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8F9ACF89FFDDB7D14" box="[445,542,1826,1851]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.62" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="262.0">262 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Morphological maturity at roughly
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB4DFFA8FBADF89EFBD97D14" box="[956,1052,1827,1851]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Scales rounded to slightly ovoid, present on entire postcranial portion of body. Gape large in mature specimens, to or beyond posterior nares. Mouth superior with lower jaw longer than upper, rictus decurved. Chin fleshy and protuberant with fleshy pad of electrosensitive organs overlying tip of snout and oral jaws. Anterior narial pore partially to entirely included within gape in narial fold. Anterior nares large, subequal to eye diameter. Circumorbital series ovoid. Ethmoid region broad between anterior nares, with rounded anterior margin. Eye position lateral, lower margin of eye dorsal or horizontal to rictus. Premaxilla with 13 teeth disposed in single row along outer margin, arrow-head shaped anteriorly, conical posteriorly. Curved median margin of premaxilla. Maxilla-palatine articulation near anterior tip of endopterygoid. Maxilla vertical, rod-shaped, narrow distally with a straight ventral margin, length equal to roughly width of 4–6 dentary teeth. Dentary with one row of 20 teeth, 3 arrow-head shaped anteriorly, all others conical posteriorly. Posterodorsal and posteroventral dentary processes abut at midlength. Dentary posteroventral process shorter than posterodorsal, narrow distally. Dentary ventral margin lamella narrow, depth less than posterior process. Opercle dorsal margin straight to slightly convex. Dorsal opercular process lamellar or rugose, crest absent or small, posterior margin entirely smooth, without spines or processes. Preopercle with anteroventral notch, posterodorsal laterosensory ramus with two superficial pores, margin of medial shelf entire, median shelf large, more than one-half width of symplectic. Metapterygoid superior and inferior portions approximately equal in size, ascending process robust, long, base shorter than length, curved, tip simple. Interopercle dorsal margin ascending process broad. Subopercle dorsal margin concave. Retroarticular with an arched lamella posteriorly forming a small canal, posterior margin square. Anguloarticular process long, extending beyond ventral margin of dentary. Mandible short, compressed, length less than twice depth. Trigeminal nerve canals divided within the hyomandibula. Posterior lateral line fenestra contacting posterodorsal margin of hyomandibula. Cranial fontanels closed in juveniles and adults. Frontal shape narrow, width at fourth infraorbital less than that of parietal, anterior margin of straight, continuous with margins of adjacent roofing bones, postorbital process broad, more than two times width of supraorbital canal. Lateral ethmoid absent. Parietal rectangular, length less than width. Parasphenoid anteroventral portion gracile, extending ventral to lateral margin of parasphenoid, posterior processes narrow. Prootic foraminae separate for cranial nerves Vp and
|
||
<date id="FFA21046DB4CFFA9FB37FCF9FCA07972" box="[806,869,836,860]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">V2–3</date>
|
||
+VII. Adductor mandibula muscle undivided at insertion, intermuscular bones absent. All basibranchials unossified. Gill rakers not contacting gill bar. Pectoral with 13–14 (mode 13) rays, medial radial large. Mesocoracoid elongate, length more than four times width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63660EDB4CFFA9F886F83CFC537DDD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1172338/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" startId="15.[151,250,1921,1943]" targetBox="[340,1247,985,1900]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB4CFFA9F886F83CFC537DDD" blockId="15.[151,1436,1921,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4CFFA9F886F83CFEE67DB9" bold="true" box="[151,291,1921,1943]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB4CFFA9F93DF83FFDC37DB9" authorityName="Richer-de-Forges, Crampton & Albert" authorityYear="2009" box="[300,518,1922,1943]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omarorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4CFFA9F93DF83FFDC37DB9" box="[300,518,1922,1943]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Gymnotus omarorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the position of first ventral lateral-line ramus illustrated.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4CFFA9FC8EF83CFB7D7DB9" bold="true" box="[1183,1208,1921,1943]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">A.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4CFFA9FCD3F83FFF317D98" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB4CFFA9FCD3F83FFA597DB9" authorityName="Richer-de-Forges, Crampton & Albert" authorityYear="2009" box="[1218,1436,1922,1943]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omarorum">Gymnotus omarorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZVC-P 6480 (254 mm).
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4CFFA9F9EDF81DFDD17D98" bold="true" box="[508,532,1952,1974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB4CFFA9FA0DF81CFD727D98" box="[540,695,1953,1974]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4CFFA9FA0DF81CFD727D98" box="[540,695,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Gymnotus cuia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype, UFRGS 23700 (193 mm). Note the posterior position of first ventral lateral-line ramus relative to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB4CFFA9FA07F802FD5A7DFA" authorityName="Richer-de-Forges, Crampton & Albert" authorityYear="2009" box="[534,671,1983,2004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omarorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4CFFA9FA07F802FD5A7DFA" box="[534,671,1983,2004]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">G. omarorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4CFFA9FABEF803FD027DFA" bold="true" box="[687,711,1982,2004]" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">C.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB4CFFA9FAC0F802FC2E7DFA" authorityName="Craig, Crampton and Albert" authorityYear="2017" box="[721,1003,1982,2004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="carapo" subSpecies="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4CFFA9FAC0F802FC2E7DFA" box="[721,1003,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">Gymnotus carapo australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MLP 11222, 289 mm). Note, again, the posterior position of first ventral lateral-line ramus relative to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB4CFFA9FB1AF863FC557DDD" authorityName="Richer-de-Forges, Crampton & Albert" authorityYear="2009" box="[779,912,2014,2035]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omarorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB4CFFA9FB1AF863FC557DDD" box="[779,912,2014,2035]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="62">G. omarorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB53FFB6F8D6FF2AFAB67BA6" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Cleithrum broad, ventral margin curved, anterior limb long, more than 1.8 times ascending limb, deeply incised on its anteroventral margin, without large facet for insertion of muscle from supracleithrum. Postcleithrum thin, discoid or sickle shaped. Body cavity of moderate length, with 34 precaudal vertebrae. Rib five robust along its entire extent, less than three times width of rib six. Hemal spines present. Displaced hemal spines absent. Length anal-fin pterygiophores equal to or longer than hemal spines. Anal fin with 130–184 (median 166) rays. Lateral line ventral rami 28–30 (median 29). Caudal appendage short, less one-half length of pectoral fin. Single hypaxial electric organ along entire ventral margin of body. Three rows of electroplates near caudal insertion of anal fin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB53FFB6F8D6FE29FBE5793B" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6F8D6FE29FE5F7B83" bold="true" box="[199,410,404,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Color in Alcohol:</emphasis>
|
||
Bands irregular in shape, width and color, on specimens and among individuals. Ground color light grey or tan ventrally grading to darker grey or brown dorsally in adults. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB53FFB6FC94FE05FB147BFE" box="[1157,1233,440,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6FC94FE05FB147BFE" box="[1157,1233,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">G. cuia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, many obliquelyoriented, chocolate-colored bands with wavy, irregular margins on lateral surface from nape and to tip of caudal appendage, occurring singly or as band-pairs, increasingly divided and irregular with size and broken into spots anterodorsally in large specimens (24–29 mode 29). Pale interbands less than one-third width of dark bands at midbody. Bands rarely divided dorsally or ventrally to form
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6FB07FDF4FCE2784E" box="[790,807,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">X</emphasis>
|
||
- or inverted
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6FBAAFDF4FC02784E" box="[955,967,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Y</emphasis>
|
||
-shaped patterns. Band-interband contrast increases ventrally and caudally, fades with growth (juveniles>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB53FFB6FB72FDD1FC0578AA" box="[867,960,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
|
||
with distinct margins, specimens
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB53FFB6FD2BFDD1FF067889" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200–300 mm</quantity>
|
||
more faintly banded). Head never banded, spotted, or blotched, dark grey dorsally grading to lighter grey ventrally. Numerous chromophores speckled over branchiostegal membranes and ventral surface of head. Pectoralfin rays brown, interradial membranes hyaline. Pectoral-fin rays brown, interradial membranes hyaline. Anterior 80% of anal fin membrane dark brown, gray or black, posterior 20% translucent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |