323 lines
40 KiB
XML
323 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="F8D37FF8E50809C097108A2697853127" ID-CLB-Dataset="22317" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2013.52" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a6540f8d-3339-4120-a443-0ff7abecd6c8" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814424" ID-ZooBank="4FFA63DB-C2AC-4732-9D28-B5B007F28F5F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588882417983" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Peña-Santiago, Reyes, Ciobanu, Marcel & Abolafia, Joaquin" docDate="2013" docId="03A6D233323CFF87FDE07492FA985486" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2013-52.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 52" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pungentus engadinensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FF9FAA4B3239FF8EFFCA724AFFD15516" masterDocTitle="Characterization of Iberian species of the genus Pungentus Thorne & Swanger, 1936 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Nordiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698838976842" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="12C4DE2DD1E9B97E4AA15AD5BF12222A">
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<mods:title id="CE9864C4946E48BD6A0ECB596394D0E6">Characterization of Iberian species of the genus Pungentus Thorne & Swanger, 1936 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Nordiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0B674B0C5C9B291B53E7CE38E96CAF09" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E4B4A93993FCEE0A46B4EC4F3C51BA44">Peña-Santiago, Reyes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A0BFD43477E25D50AFDD7061F145E62A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C82DA2EDE3CEAF793FC667C7C1ACEB84">Ciobanu, Marcel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="417736CE5A7F5F41D3946DFE9E9CDD42" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="775C3EB3FB6943911F061084A7B075C0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A74E0287AB38A39C67B4AC1AB432E78E">Abolafia, Joaquin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E1B94F98C282AE45B90D49CA65F4B787">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B59869F5F0BE0DAFC825A93DD900DB02">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AD62646F6E2861542B034336D299DA08">
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<mods:date id="9784AA8E604A97995AFA4BDCD70B227B">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C1DEB17F2EC065FBFFB114F0EF0E88BB">2013-08-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="37F975CC61CCDCC344F4D2135830B93E">52</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AFF1071807FC6CF14C860C2906CBF7A1" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2013.52</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A6D233323CFF87FDE07492FA985486" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3815608" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163977304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3815608" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6D233323CFF87FDE07492FA985486" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D233323CFF87FDE07492FA985486" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C31530AE323CFF8BFDE07492FBD853E5" box="[554,1033,1752,1779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323CFF8BFDE07492FBD853E5" blockId="5.[554,1033,1752,1813]" box="[554,1033,1752,1779]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0F8D449323CFF8BFDE07492FBD853E5" box="[554,1033,1752,1779]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A6323CFF8BFDE07492FBD853E5" authority="(Altherr, 1950)" baseAuthorityName="Altherr" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[554,1033,1752,1779]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="engadinensis">
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323CFF8BFDE07492FC8353E5" bold="true" box="[554,850,1752,1779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pungentus engadinensis</emphasis>
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(Altherr, 1950)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31530AE323CFF8BFD0B74B1FCA25203" box="[705,883,1787,1813]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323CFF8BFD0B74B1FCA25203" blockId="5.[554,1033,1752,1813]" box="[705,883,1787,1813]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<figureCitation id="13347FA0323CFF8BFD0B74B1FCD55203" box="[705,772,1787,1813]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[189,232,1856,1882]" captionTargetBox="[251,1358,269,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[225,1377,244,1841]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Iberian Pungentus species. – A-C. Pungentus clavatus Ahmad & Jairajpuri, 1979. – D-H. Pungentus engadinensis (Altherr, 1950). – I-K. Pungentus marietani Altherr, 1950. – L-N. Pungentus silvestris Coomans & Geraert, 1962. – A, D, I, L. ♀, anterior region in lateral median view. B, E, J, M. ♀, genital system. C, G, K, N. ♀, posterior body region. F. ♂, posterior body region. H. ♀, caudal region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814426/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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D-H, 3-4
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31530AE323CFF88FF777576FA9E5484" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323CFF8BFF777576FEE75240" blockId="5.[189,310,1852,1878]" box="[189,310,1852,1878]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0F8D449323CFF8BFF777576FEE75240" bold="true" box="[189,310,1852,1878]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323CFF8BFF777576FEE75240" bold="true" box="[189,310,1852,1878]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323CFF88FF777521FA9E5484" blockId="5.[189,1399,1899,1996]" lastBlockId="6.[189,1399,267,403]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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This species is distinguished by its body length of
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<quantity id="4CF7CEC0323CFF8BFCE27521FC055290" box="[808,980,1899,1926]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" metricValueMax="12.1" metricValueMin="7.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.99" valueMax="1.21" valueMin="0.77">0.77-1.21 mm</quantity>
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, a three-layered cuticle (especially distinct at caudal region), a lip region offset by a constriction and being 8-10 μm wide, an odontostyle 14-20 μm long and 1.7-1.9 times the lip region width or 1.5-2.2% of the total body length, a neck 194- 280 μm long, a pharyngeal expansion 71-115 μm long or 35-42% of total neck length, a monodelphicopisthodelphic female genital system, with anterior genital branch absent, uterus a simple tube 39-44 μm long or 1.4-1.8 times the body diameter,
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323FFF88FD547319FD61547A" box="[670,688,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">V</emphasis>
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= 41-54, a rounded tail (14-28 μm,
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323FFF88FB907319FBB6547A" box="[1114,1127,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">c</emphasis>
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= 40-63,
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323FFF88FB117318FB23547A" box="[1243,1266,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">c’</emphasis>
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= 0.8-1.1), spicules 25-28 μm long and three to five widely spaced, ventromedian supplements that lack hiatus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF7033AD323FFF88FF77752DFAA652DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814430/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[189,232,1895,1921]" targetBox="[182,1401,581,1831]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323FFF88FF77752DFAA652DE" blockId="6.[189,1399,1895,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323FFF88FF77752DFED85297" bold="true" box="[189,265,1895,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A6323FFF88FEC57522FD0F5294" authority="(Altherr, 1950)" baseAuthorityName="Altherr" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[271,734,1895,1922]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="engadinensis">
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323FFF88FEC57522FDFB5297" box="[271,554,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pungentus engadinensis</emphasis>
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(Altherr, 1950)
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</taxonomicName>
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(LM).
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323FFF88FCFB752DFC975297" bold="true" box="[817,838,1895,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
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. ♀, entire.
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323FFF88FC0D752DFC2B5297" bold="true" box="[967,1018,1895,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B-D</emphasis>
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. Anterior region in median view.
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323FFF88FF7775C1FF0052B3" bold="true" box="[189,209,1931,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E</emphasis>
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. Pharyngeal expansion.
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323FFF88FE2475C1FDD152B3" bold="true" box="[494,512,1931,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F</emphasis>
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. ♀, part of posterior genital branch.
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323FFF88FC6075C0FC1052B2" bold="true" box="[938,961,1930,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G</emphasis>
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. Vagina.
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323FFF88FBE475C1FBB052B3" bold="true" box="[1070,1121,1931,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H, J</emphasis>
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. ♀, caudal region.
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323FFF88FA8A75C1FA9A52B3" bold="true" box="[1344,1355,1931,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I</emphasis>
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. ♂, caudal region and spicules. (Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, J, K = 10 µm; C, D, G, I = 5 µm; E, F = 20 µm)
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C31530AE323EFF89FF777341FE8A5461" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323EFF89FF777341FE7B5433" blockId="7.[189,426,267,293]" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D0F8D449323EFF89FF777341FE7B5433" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323EFF89FF777341FE7B5433" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323EFF89FF777370FE8A5461" blockId="7.[189,1398,313,375]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">More than one hundred females and one male from more than 20 locations, in various states of conservation.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31530AE323EFF86FF7773D4FDDB5049" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323EFF89FF7773D4FE5054AE" blockId="7.[189,385,414,440]" box="[189,385,414,440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D0F8D449323EFF89FF7773D4FE5054AE" bold="true" box="[189,385,414,440]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323EFF89FF7773D4FE5054AE" bold="true" box="[189,385,414,440]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Morphometrics</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323EFF89FF777387FE9D54F1" blockId="7.[189,332,461,487]" box="[189,332,461,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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See
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<tableCitation id="C68D569E323EFF89FF247387FE9754F1" box="[238,326,461,487]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetId="graphics@2.[189,1401,350,1181]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics of Iberian populations of the genus Pungentus Thorne & Swanger, 1936. Measurements in μm (except L, in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7033AD323BFF8CFF777346FD46545F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="DF7033AD323BFF8CFF777346FD46545F">Table 1</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323EFF89FF777044FE9F573E" blockId="7.[189,334,526,552]" box="[189,334,526,552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D0F8D449323EFF89FF777044FE9F573E" bold="true" box="[189,334,526,552]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323EFF89FF777044FE9F573E" bold="true" box="[189,334,526,552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323EFF89FF207076FDFE5741" blockId="7.[189,1399,572,1057]" box="[234,559,572,599]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323EFF89FF207076FDFE5741" bold="true" box="[234,559,572,599]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">General features of adults</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323EFF86FF77702AFBFB570A" blockId="7.[189,1399,572,1057]" lastBlockId="8.[189,1399,267,541]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Slender nematodes of small to medium size,
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<quantity id="4CF7CEC0323EFF89FD04702AFCA5576C" box="[718,884,608,634]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" metricValueMax="12.1" metricValueMin="7.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.99" valueMax="1.21" valueMin="0.77">0.77-1.21 mm</quantity>
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long. Habitus after fixation curved ventrad, C-shaped in females, G-shaped in male. Body cylindrical, tapering towards the anterior end. Cuticle three-layered, especially distinguishable at caudal region, 1.5-2.5 μm thick in anterior region and at mid-body and 2.5-4.0 μm on dorsal side of tail; outer layer with very fine transverse striation. Lateral chord
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<quantity id="4CF7CEC0323EFF89FEC070A6FE415611" box="[266,400,748,775]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="5.5">5.5-6.5 µm</quantity>
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wide or occupying 19-24 % of mid-body diameter, very granular but lacking any differentiation. Ventral body pores perceptible along the entire body. Lip region offset by constriction, 2.4-3.2 times as wide as high and
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323EFF89FD8A717EFDB2565B" box="[576,611,820,845]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ca.</emphasis>
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one-third (31-38%) of body diameter at neck base. Under SEM, lips mostly amalgamated and somewhat angular, lacking any distinguishable striation; labial and cephalic papillae very distinct and visibly protruding, the inner labial papillae situated at the top of low but perceptible lobes; perioral area with (apparently) four small elevations (liplets) surrounding the short dorsoventral, slit-like oral opening. Amphid fovea cup-shaped, opening at level of cephalic constriction, occupying 5.0-5.5 μm or about three-fifths of lip region diameter. Cheilostome almost cylindrical, but a little wider at its posterior half and with its walls distinctly thicker at the anterior half; circum-oral refractive dots very conspicuous. Odontostyle 11-14 times as long as wide, 1.8-1.9 times longer than lip region diameter or 1.5-2.2% of total body length; aperture 2.5-3.0 μm long or less than one-sixth its length. Odontophore rod-like, but with small thickenings at its base, nearly as long (0.9-1.1 times) as odontostyle. Guiding ring double, located at 10-11 μm or 1.1-1.3 times the lip region diameter from anterior end. Pharynx enlarging very gradually; basal expansion 5.5-7.4 times as long as wide and 3.1- 3.9 times the corresponding body diameter, occupying about two-fifths (36-41%) of total neck length. Pharyngeal gland nuclei obscure in the specimens examined. Nerve ring at 80-91 μm from anterior end or 32-38% of total neck length. Cardia rounded conoid, 5.0-6.5 x 7-10 μm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF7033AD323EFF89FF7775C6FED452FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814432" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814432/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[189,232,1932,1958]" targetBox="[189,1398,1130,1891]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="8BB06325323EFF89FF7775C6FED452FB" blockId="7.[189,1399,1932,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B97BBF37323EFF89FF7775C6FEDB52B0" bold="true" box="[189,266,1932,1958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A6323EFF89FEDB75C7FD3252B1" authority="(Altherr, 1950)" baseAuthorityName="Altherr" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[273,739,1932,1959]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="engadinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF37323EFF89FEDB75C7FDFC52B0" box="[273,557,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pungentus engadinensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Altherr, 1950)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SEM).
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF37323EFF89FC8375C6FC8F52B0" bold="true" box="[841,862,1932,1958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Lip region in lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF37323EFF89FB6B75C6FB6452B0" bold="true" box="[1185,1205,1932,1958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Same in frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF37323EFF89FEC875E5FEC652DF" bold="true" box="[258,279,1967,1993]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Same in ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF37323EFF89FDEF75E5FDEB52DF" bold="true" box="[549,570,1967,1993]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Vulva in ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF37323EFF89FC8775E5FCAD52DF" bold="true" box="[845,892,1967,1993]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">E-F</emphasis>
|
||
. Caudal region in ventral view. (Scale bars: 5 µm)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB063253231FF86FF207009FE94574B" blockId="8.[189,1399,579,1099]" box="[234,325,579,605]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FF207009FE94574B" bold="true" box="[234,325,579,605]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB063253231FF86FF77702CFAD4515C" blockId="8.[189,1399,579,1099]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Genital system monodelphic-opisthodelphic: anterior branch absent and posterior one moderately developed, 76-125 μm long. Ovary 53-110 μm long, often reaching and surpassing the sphincter level; oocytes first in two or more rows, then in one row. Oviduct 39-63 μm long, or 1.5-2.4 times the body diameter, consisting of a slender portion with prismatic cells and a moderately developed
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FB12709BFAA657FC" box="[1240,1399,720,746]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pars dilatata.</emphasis>
|
||
Sphincter distinct between oviduct and uterus. Uterus a simple tube-like structure,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF7CEC03231FF86FBB270B9FB3B5618" box="[1144,1258,755,782]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="41.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="39.0">39-44 µm</quantity>
|
||
long or 1.4- 1.8 times the body diameter. Uterine egg 82-92 x 21-26 μm, 2.5-3.5 times as long as the corresponding body diameter. Vagina extending inwards 12-17 μm or one-half to three-fifths (50-60%) of body diameter;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FEFF7114FE3F5661" box="[309,494,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pars proximalis</emphasis>
|
||
7-9 x 6-12 μm, with parallel or distally convergent walls and enveloped by weak circular musculature;
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FDCA71CBFD62568C" box="[512,691,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pars refringens</emphasis>
|
||
with two small, rectangular or triangular pieces measuring 1 x 3 μm and with a combined width of 5-6 μm; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FCD871EEFC7256AB" box="[786,931,931,957]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pars distalis</emphasis>
|
||
3-4 μm long. Vulva a nearly equatorial, about 5 μm long, transverse slit. Prerectum 2.3-4.1, rectum 0.8-1.2 anal body diameters long. Tail short and rounded, visibly more convex dorsally; the cuticle at its level consisting of a thick inner layer, a distinct intermediate layer and thinner outer layer, occasionally bearing blister-like structures (saccate bodies). Two pairs of causal pores, one subdorsal, another sublateral, at the middle of the tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB063253231FF86FF207638FEFB519A" blockId="8.[189,1399,1138,1375]" box="[234,298,1138,1164]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FF207638FEFB519A" bold="true" box="[234,298,1138,1164]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB063253231FF86FF7776DFFDDB5049" blockId="8.[189,1399,1138,1375]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Very rare, only one specimen found among several dozens of females. Genital system diorchic, with opposite testes. In addition to the ad-cloacal pair, situated at
|
||
<quantity id="4CF7CEC03231FF86FC5276F2FC3E51C4" box="[920,1007,1208,1235]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
from cloacal aperture, there is a series of five widely spaced,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF7CEC03231FF86FDC47691FD5351E0" box="[526,642,1243,1270]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10-20 µm</quantity>
|
||
apart, ventromedian supplements, the most posterior of which is located
|
||
<quantity id="4CF7CEC03231FF86FED076B4FEA1500F" box="[282,368,1278,1305]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
from the ad-cloacal pair, within the range of spicules. Spicules dorylaimoid, about 5.0 times as long as wide and 1.2 times the body diameter. Lateral guiding pieces obscure. Caudal region similar to that of the female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31530AE3231FF86FF7777CCFAE2534A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB063253231FF86FF7777CCFE8750B6" blockId="8.[189,342,1414,1440]" box="[189,342,1414,1440]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D0F8D4493231FF86FF7777CCFE8750B6" bold="true" box="[189,342,1414,1440]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FF7777CCFE8750B6" bold="true" box="[189,342,1414,1440]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB063253231FF86FF7777FFFAE2534A" blockId="8.[189,1399,1461,1628]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63231FF86FF7777FFFE0950D9" baseAuthorityName="Altherr" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[189,472,1461,1487]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="engadinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FF7777FFFE0950D9" box="[189,472,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pungentus engadinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most widely spread species of its genus in the southern Iberian Peninsula, having been collected from more than 20 locations with many kinds of natural and cultivated systems, whose dominant plant species are holm-oak (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63231FF86FD2A77B1FC935303" box="[736,834,1531,1557]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FD2A77B1FC935303" box="[736,834,1531,1557]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.), Mediterranean brushwood (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63231FF86FB2877B1FAFA5303" box="[1250,1323,1531,1557]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" genus="Cistus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FB2877B1FAFA5303" box="[1250,1323,1531,1557]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cistus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.), pine (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63231FF86FEC87455FE94532E" box="[258,325,1567,1592]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FEC87455FE94532E" box="[258,325,1567,1592]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.), poplar (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63231FF86FE3C7454FCB3532F" authority="Linnaeus, 1753" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[502,866,1566,1593]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FE3C7454FD71532E" box="[502,672,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Populus nigra</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1753
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), almond (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63231FF86FC2E7455FAB8532E" authority="Batsch, 1801" authorityName="Batsch" authorityYear="1801" box="[996,1385,1566,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amygdalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FC2E7455FB10532E" box="[996,1217,1566,1592]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Prunus amygdalus</emphasis>
|
||
Batsch, 1801
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Mahaleb cherry (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63231FF86FE4D7408FCD9534A" authority="Linnaeus, 1753" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[391,776,1601,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mahaleb">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FE4D7408FD99534D" box="[391,584,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Prunus mahaleb</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1753
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), hazel (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63231FF86FCA6740BFB25534A" authority="Linnaeus, 1753" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[876,1268,1601,1628]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avellana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FCA6740BFBE4534D" box="[876,1077,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Corylus avellana</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1753
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), etc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31530AE3231FF87FF7774C9FA985486" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB063253231FF86FF7774C9FEFE538B" blockId="8.[189,303,1667,1693]" box="[189,303,1667,1693]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D0F8D4493231FF86FF7774C9FEFE538B" bold="true" box="[189,303,1667,1693]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FF7774C9FEFE538B" bold="true" box="[189,303,1667,1693]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB063253231FF86FF7774FBFD49526D" blockId="8.[189,1399,1713,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The above description of Iberian populations perfectly fits the available information about this species, especially the contributions by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43231FF86FDE2749FFD3A53F9" author="Andrassy I." box="[552,747,1748,1775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref7296" refString="Andrassy I. 1962. Wiederfund einiger seltener Nematoden-Arten aus der Superfamilia Dorylaimoidea. Nematologische Notizen, 10. Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis, Lorand Eotvos nominatae - Sectio Biologica 5: 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1962">Andrássy (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43231FF86FCE9749FFBB753F9" author="Coomans A. & Geraert E." box="[803,1126,1748,1775]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="233 - 241" refId="ref7507" refString="Coomans A. & Geraert E. 1962. Some species of Dorylaimoidea found in Belgium. Nematologica 8: 233 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529262 X 00495" type="journal article" year="1962">Coomans & Geraert (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who provided detailed data and illustrations. Nevertheless, some relevant features such as the three-layered nature of the cuticle, the morphology of the lip region and the structure of the female genital system are here described for the first time. Besides, the range of some measurements (body length, tail length, etc.) and morphometrics (vulva position) are in general extended.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB063253231FF87FF7775EEFA985486" blockId="8.[189,1399,1955,2017]" lastBlockId="9.[189,1399,267,400]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F18A63231FF86FF7775EEFE0852AB" baseAuthorityName="Altherr" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[189,473,1955,1981]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Pungentus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="engadinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373231FF86FF7775EEFE0852AB" box="[189,473,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pungentus engadinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is certainly the most common species in this genus, having been reported from eleven countries on three continents, all of them in the Holarctic:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53231FF86FC0A758CFBF452F6" box="[960,1061,1990,2016]" name="Belgium" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Belgium</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43231FF86FBFF758CFABB52F7" author="Coomans A. & Geraert E." box="[1077,1386,1990,2017]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="233 - 241" refId="ref7507" refString="Coomans A. & Geraert E. 1962. Some species of Dorylaimoidea found in Belgium. Nematologica 8: 233 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529262 X 00495" type="journal article" year="1962">Coomans & Geraert 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53230FF87FF777341FEC45433" box="[189,277,267,293]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FEEC7341FD5E5433" author="Winiszewska-Slipinska G." box="[294,655,267,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="321 - 330" refId="ref8270" refString="Winiszewska-Slipinska G. 1987 a. [Species of the genus Pungentus Thorne et Swanger (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) occurring in Poland.] Fragmenta Faunistica 30: 321 - 330. (In Polish)" type="journal article" year="1987">Winiszewska-Slipinska 1987a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FD517341FC835433" author="Andrassy I." box="[667,850,267,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="129 - 197" refId="ref7332" refString="Andrassy I. 1991. The free-living nematode fauna of the Batorliget Nature Reserves. The Batorliget Nature Reserves - after forty years: 129 - 197." type="book chapter" year="1991">Andrássy 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53230FF87FCA37346FC015430" box="[873,976,268,294]" name="Hungary" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FC2B7341FB495433" author="Andrassy I." box="[993,1176,267,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="3 - 11" refId="ref7296" refString="Andrassy I. 1962. Wiederfund einiger seltener Nematoden-Arten aus der Superfamilia Dorylaimoidea. Nematologische Notizen, 10. Annales Universitatis Scientiarum Budapestinensis, Lorand Eotvos nominatae - Sectio Biologica 5: 3 - 11." type="journal article" year="1962">Andrássy 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FB6D7341FB355433" author="Andrassy I." box="[1191,1252,267,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="129 - 197" refId="ref7332" refString="Andrassy I. 1991. The free-living nematode fauna of the Batorliget Nature Reserves. The Batorliget Nature Reserves - after forty years: 129 - 197." type="book chapter" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FB387341FAE05433" author="Andrassy I." box="[1266,1329,267,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref7360" refString="Andrassy I. 2009. Free-living Nematodes of Hungary. III. Pedozoologica Hungarica nº 5. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary." type="book" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53230FF87FA8D7346FAA75430" box="[1351,1398,268,294]" name="Iraq" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Iraq</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FF0F7364FE4B545F" author="Vinciguerra M. T." box="[197,410,302,329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="392 - 467" refId="ref8111" refString="Vinciguerra M. T. 2006. Chapter 15. Dorylaimida Part II: Superfamily Dorylaimoidea. In: Eyualem A., Andrassy I. & Traunspurger W. (eds) Freshwater Nematodes: Ecology and Taxonomy: 392 - 467. Ed. CAB International, Wallingford (UK)." type="book chapter" year="2006">Vinciguerra 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53230FF87FE7B7364FE36545E" box="[433,487,302,328]" name="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FE337364FD40545F" author="Zullini A." box="[505,657,302,329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="89 - 106" refId="ref8360" refString="Zullini A. 1971. Studio sulle variazioni del popolamento nematologico in un muschio. Estratto dai Rendiconti, Classe di Scienze (B) 105: 89 - 106." type="journal article" year="1971">Zullini 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FD6A7364FD0F545F" author="Zullini A." box="[672,734,302,329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="130 - 142" refId="ref8391" refString="Zullini A. 1975. Nematodi ripicoli del Po. Estratto dai Rendiconti, Classe di Scienze (B) 109: 130 - 142." type="journal article" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53230FF87FD3C7364FC96545E" box="[758,839,302,328]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FC937364FC2C545E" author="Brzeski M." box="[857,1021,302,328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="441 - 461" refId="ref7432" refString="Brzeski M. 1963. [Nematoden (Nematoda) des Stadtparks in Skierniewice. I. Erdnematoden]. Fragmenta Faunistica 10: 441 - 461. (In Polish)" type="journal article" year="1963">Brzeski 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FBC17364FAA0545F" author="Winiszewska-Slipinska G." box="[1035,1393,302,329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="321 - 330" refId="ref8270" refString="Winiszewska-Slipinska G. 1987 a. [Species of the genus Pungentus Thorne et Swanger (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) occurring in Poland.] Fragmenta Faunistica 30: 321 - 330. (In Polish)" type="journal article" year="1987">Winiszewska-Slipinska 1987a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53230FF87FF227318FEFA547A" box="[232,299,338,364]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FEF47318FDFE547B" author="Castillo P. & Pena-Santiago R. & Jimenez-Millan F." box="[318,559,338,365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="155 - 162" refId="ref7464" refString="Castillo P., Pena-Santiago R. & Jimenez-Millan F. 1985. Modelos de distribucion vertical de las especies de nematodos en un biotopo natural. Boletin del Servicio de Defensa contra Plagas e Inspeccion Fitopatologica 12: 155 - 162." type="journal article" year="1985">
|
||
Castillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B97BBF373230FF87FE6D7319FE34547A" box="[423,485,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53230FF87FD827318FD05547A" box="[584,724,338,364]" name="Switzerland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FD2D7318FC44547B" author="Altherr E." box="[743,917,338,365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref7125" refString="Altherr E. 1950 b. Les nematodes du Parc National Suisse. Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung des schweizerischen Nationalparks 1: 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1950">Altherr 1950b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FC6F7318FC33547B" author="Altherr E." box="[933,994,338,365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="315 - 356" refId="ref7151" refString="Altherr E. 1952. Les nematodes du Parc National Suisse. 2 e partie. Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung des schweizerischen Nationalparks 3: 315 - 356." type="journal article" year="1952">1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FC387318FBE1547B" author="Altherr E." box="[1010,1072,338,365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="429 - 460" refId="ref7180" refString="Altherr E. 1953. Nematodes du sol du Jura vaudois et francais (I). Bulletin de la Societe Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 65: 429 - 460." type="journal article" year="1953">1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53230FF87FB837318FAD7547A" box="[1097,1286,338,364]" name="Netherlands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FAD37318FEA05499" author="Loof P. A. A. & Coomans A." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="79 - 161" refId="ref7751" refString="Loof P. A. A. & Coomans A. 1970. On the development and location of the oesophageal gland nuclei in Dorylaimina. Proceedings of the IX International Nematology Symposium (Warsaw, Poland, 1967): 79 - 161." type="proceedings paper" year="1970">Loof & Coomans 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FEB7733FFDF55499" author="Bongers T." box="[381,548,373,399]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref7415" refString="Bongers T. 1988. De nematoden van Nederland. Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, Utrecht." type="book" year="1988">Bongers 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53230FF87FDF3733FFCD15499" box="[569,768,373,399]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Wasilewska 1967) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31823B53230FF87FBEB733FFB8B5499" box="[1057,1114,373,399]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E1ED43230FF87FBA3733FFAEC5486" author="Vinciguerra M. T." box="[1129,1341,373,400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="392 - 467" refId="ref8111" refString="Vinciguerra M. T. 2006. Chapter 15. Dorylaimida Part II: Superfamily Dorylaimoidea. In: Eyualem A., Andrassy I. & Traunspurger W. (eds) Freshwater Nematodes: Ecology and Taxonomy: 392 - 467. Ed. CAB International, Wallingford (UK)." type="book chapter" year="2006">Vinciguerra 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |