223 lines
19 KiB
XML
223 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="adeeb71f-7f8d-4e00-bc9f-35089363f76e" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458594" approvalRequired="120" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="95" approvalRequired_for_treatments="25" checkinTime="1600878147105" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03A687BCFFF3FFF31390FA45F78EF0E2" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Sturnira angeli de la Torre 1966" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="550" masterDocId="FF9FFFC4FFB1FFB1133CFFBAFFE0F244" masterDocTitle="Phyllostomidae" masterLastPageNumber="583" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="550" updateTime="1656353518553" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phyllostomidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>444</mods:start>
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<mods:end>583</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6458594</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760125" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760125" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A687BCFFF3FFF31390FA45F78EF0E2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A687BCFFF3FFF31390FA45F78EF0E2" lastPageNumber="550" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[167,1288,1535,1662]" box="[172,252,1535,1581]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<heading box="[172,252,1535,1581]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<figureCitation box="[172,252,1535,1581]" captionStart="Plate 41: Phyllostomidae" captionStartId="59.[123,153,3247,3272]" captionTargetBox="[22,2764,17,3653]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="119. Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bidens), 120. Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira nana), 121. Arata-Thomas Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira aratathomasi), 122. Honduran Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira hondurensis), 123. Burton's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Stwrnira burtonlimi), 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira ludovici), 125. Adriana’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira adrianae), 126. Tschudi’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira oporaphilum), 127. Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mistratensis), 128. Soriano’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira sorianoi), 129. Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira koopmanhilli), 130. Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira mordax), 131. Perla Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira perla), 132. Tilda’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira tildae), 133. Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira erythromos), 134. Bogota Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bogotensis), 135. Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira magna), 136. Northern Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira parvidens), 137. Baker's Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira bakeri), 138. Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira Lilium), 139. Gianna’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira giannae), 140. Dominica Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira angeli), 141. Paulson’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira paulsoni), 142. Luis’s Yellow-shouldered Bat (Sturnira luisi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6459033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6459033/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">140.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[269,949,1535,1581]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[167,1288,1535,1662]" box="[269,949,1535,1581]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<heading box="[269,949,1535,1581]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<vernacularName box="[269,949,1535,1581]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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||
<collectingCountry box="[269,474,1535,1581]" name="Dominica" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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Yellow-shouldered Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1018,1288,1535,1581]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[167,1288,1535,1662]" box="[1018,1288,1535,1581]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<heading box="[1018,1288,1535,1581]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<taxonomicName authority="de la Torre, 1966" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1966" box="[1018,1288,1535,1581]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angeli">
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<emphasis box="[1018,1288,1535,1581]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Sturnira angeli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[167,1288,1535,1662]" box="[169,1163,1599,1620]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<heading box="[169,1163,1599,1620]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[169,244,1599,1620]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[253,409,1599,1620]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Sturnire dAngel</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[431,521,1599,1620]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[531,869,1599,1620]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Dominica-Gelbschulterfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[891,982,1599,1620]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[991,1163,1599,1620]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Sturniro de Angel</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="66.[167,1288,1535,1662]" box="[168,1085,1638,1659]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<heading box="[168,1085,1638,1659]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,415,1638,1659]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[423,724,1638,1659]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Angel's Yellow-shouldered Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[738,1085,1638,1659]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<collectingCountry box="[738,858,1638,1659]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
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Yellow-shouldered Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[780,1372,1707,2135]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[782,937,1707,1740]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="de la Torre, 1966" authorityName="de la Torre" authorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angeli">Sturnira angeli de la Torre, 1966</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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“
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<quantity box="[892,975,1755,1780]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" unit="mi" value="6.0">6 mi.</quantity>
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[= 9-
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<quantity box="[1080,1167,1755,1780]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
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] NE Roseau (1000 {fc [=
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<quantity box="[939,1032,1790,1819]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="305.0">305 m</quantity>
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]), St. Paul Parish,
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<collectingCountry name="Dominica" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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, Windward Islands, West Indies.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[780,1372,1707,2135]" lastBlockId="66.[159,1371,2140,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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Many other taxa were described from the Lesser Antilles, some of these relevant to S.
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<taxonomicName box="[819,895,1944,1977]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angeli">angeli</taxonomicName>
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: S. thomas: by L. de la Torre and A. Schwartz in 1966 from
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<collectingCountry box="[1189,1364,1983,2016]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
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, being distinguished by the absence of M,; S.
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<taxonomicName box="[819,894,2062,2095]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">Lilium</taxonomicName>
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zygomaticus by J. K. Jones, Jr. and C.J. Phillips in 1976 from
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<collectingCountry box="[1144,1303,2102,2135]" name="Martinique" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Martinique</collectingCountry>
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; and S. thomast vulcanensis by H. H. Genoways in 1998 from Monserrat. Molecular and morphological analyses recognized all these forms as a single taxonomic entity, for which the oldest name is
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<taxonomicName box="[430,541,2217,2250]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angeli">S. angeli</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6458886" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6458886" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6458886/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" targetBox="[165,757,1713,2128]" targetPageId="66">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[159,1371,2140,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,340,2267,2292]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Endemic to the Lesser Antilles, including
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<collectingCountry box="[1006,1163,2267,2292]" name="Montserrat" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Montserrat</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1188,1363,2267,2292]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[165,304,2296,2329]" name="Dominica" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[383,539,2296,2329]" name="Martinique" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Martinique</collectingCountry>
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Is.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[159,1371,2140,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,424,2346,2371]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 63-75 mm (tailless), ear 14-16 mm, hindfoot 12-15 mm, forearm 42-4-47-7 mm. Nospecific data are available for body weight. The
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<collectingCountry box="[165,304,2416,2449]" name="Dominica" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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Yellow-shouldered Bat is small and most similar to the Northern Yellowshouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName box="[411,576,2460,2489]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">S. parvidens</taxonomicName>
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) and the Little Yellow-shouldered Bat (
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<taxonomicName authority="Lilium" authorityName="Lilium" box="[1158,1281,2460,2489]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilium">S. Lilium</taxonomicName>
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). Dorsum is dark grayish brown; hair has narrow white basal band (less than
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<quantity box="[1211,1295,2495,2528]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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), followed by relatively broad dark grayish brown band and equally broad buff band, and narrow very dark, reddish brown apical band. Underparts are dull dark brown; throat and ventral region are similarly colored; and hair has narrow white basal band, followed by broad dark brown band, and terminating in dull grayish brown band. Dark epibasal band on dorsum becomes paler and narrower anteriorly, while subterminal band increases in width and becomes paler. Muzzleis blunt, and forehead is rounded. Shoulder areas can be clearly tinged in reddish or light brown or not. Forearm is thinly haired on dorsal surface. Uropatagium is densely covered with short hairs. Skull is relatively long, braincase is small, and rostrumis elongated. I, and I, are trilobed (I, can be bilobated) and subequalin size. Lingual cusps (metaconid and entoconid) of M, and M, are low, rounded, ill-defined, and separated by shallow notch (variable character among populations). M, is missing in some populations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[159,1371,2140,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[161,272,3056,3081]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Small islands ofthe Lesser Antilles, including pristine dense forests, gallery forests, and secondary forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
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<quantity box="[1113,1209,3095,3120]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="610.0">610 m</quantity>
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.
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<collectingCountry box="[1230,1366,3095,3120]" name="Dominica" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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Yellow-shouldered Bats have been netted in various types offorests and clearings and over streams.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[159,1371,2140,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[161,427,3210,3239]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The
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<collectingCountry box="[510,646,3210,3239]" name="Dominica" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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Yellow-shouldered Bat is expected to be predominantly frugivorous, eating fruits of
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<taxonomicName box="[662,728,3248,3277]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
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spp. (
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<taxonomicName box="[815,971,3248,3277]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and species of
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<taxonomicName box="[1209,1364,3248,3277]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[224,467,3288,3317]" family="Melastomataceae" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
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. Diet could include pollen and nectar.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[159,1371,2140,3475]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,294,3328,3357]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Pregnant
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<collectingCountry box="[458,594,3328,3357]" name="Dominica" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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Yellow-shouldered Bats have been found in March-April and June-July; lactating females were recordedin June and August-September. Although reproductive data are not extensive, pattern of reproduction is not inconsistent with a bimodal polyestry model suggestedfor mainland populations of
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<taxonomicName box="[1219,1327,3446,3475]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Sturnira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sturnira</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[1449,2656,295,679]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1449,1687,295,324]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[1701,1838,295,324]" name="Dominica" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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Yellow-shouldered Bats were caught on clear and cloudy and rainy nights and early and late at night, suggesting continuous activity through most ofthe night. They were mostly caught in mist nets on the ground.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1450,2389,413,442]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[1449,2656,295,679]" box="[1450,2389,413,442]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,2150,413,442]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="66.[1449,2656,295,679]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1808,453,482]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. More information on ecology of the
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<collectingCountry box="[1659,1795,488,521]" name="Dominica" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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Yellow-shouldered Bat is necessary for an appropriate assessment ofits population status and to identify potential threats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="550" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
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<paragraph blockId="66.[1449,2656,295,679]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1450,1603,575,600]" pageId="66" pageNumber="550">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Baker, Genoways & Patton (1978), Gannon et al. (1989), Genoways (1998), Genoways et al. (2001), Hernandez-Canchola & Ledn-Paniagua (2017), Jones & Phillips (1976), Koopman (1968), de la Torre (1966), de la Torre & Schwartz (1966), Velazco & Patterson (2013).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |