532 lines
75 KiB
XML
532 lines
75 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6167505" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1fd9017d-6a56-470b-aa83-68944cd8ac46" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6167505" checkinTime="1492608005255" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Dankittipakul, Pakawin, Tavano, Maria & Singtripop, Tippawan" docDate="2012" docId="03A6879FA843FFA4E5E4FA87029E6119" docLanguage="en" docName="DankittipakulTavano_Singtripop2012FINAL.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 46" docSource="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254272704_Seventeen_new_species_of_the_spider_genus_Teutamus_Thorell_1890_from_Southeast_Asia_Araneae_Liocranidae" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Teutamus Thorell 1890, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="1696" masterDocId="FF9FFFE7A842FFA3E422FFF90169654C" masterDocTitle="Seventeen new species of the spider genus Teutamus Thorell, 1890 from Southeast Asia (Araneae: Liocranidae)" masterLastPageNumber="1730" masterPageNumber="1689" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690" updateTime="1645288162421" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Seventeen new species of the spider genus Teutamus Thorell, 1890 from Southeast Asia (Araneae: Liocranidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dankittipakul, Pakawin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tavano, Maria</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Singtripop, Tippawan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>46</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1689</mods:start>
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<mods:end>1730</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254272704_Seventeen_new_species_of_the_spider_genus_Teutamus_Thorell_1890_from_Southeast_Asia_Araneae_Liocranidae</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.110.1080/00222933.2012.681314</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">1fd9017d-6a56-470b-aa83-68944cd8ac46</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574642</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6167505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6167505" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6879FA843FFA4E5E4FA87029E6119" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6879FA843FFA4E5E4FA87029E6119" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="1696" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690">
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<subSubSection box="[454,717,1406,1430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[373,798,1374,1430]" box="[454,717,1406,1430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690">
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<heading box="[454,717,1406,1430]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thorell, 1890" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[454,561,1406,1429]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[454,561,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690">Teutamus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Thorell, 1890
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[105,874,1469,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[105,874,1469,1494]" box="[105,874,1469,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690">
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Type species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Thorell, 1890" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[259,602,1469,1494]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
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<emphasis box="[259,445,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690">Teutamus politus</emphasis>
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Thorell, 1890
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</taxonomicName>
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by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="1691" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[105,1066,1558,1653]" box="[105,213,1558,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690">
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<emphasis box="[105,213,1558,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[105,1066,1558,1653]" lastBlockId="2.[173,1134,1239,1454]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="1691" pageId="1" pageNumber="1690">
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A somatically homogeneous ant-mimicking phrurolithine easily distinguished from all other Asian genera by the following combination of characters: the elongated prosoma strongly undulated, provided with four pairs of elevated submarginal lobes (
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<figureCitation box="[1023,1116,1239,1263]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[173,240,1067,1089]" captionTargetBox="[173,1133,131,1034]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[173,1133,131,1034]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Teutamus orthogonus sp. nov., male holotype (A). Teutamus jambiensis, male paratype (MHNG) (B). Teutamus rama sp. nov., male holotype (C). Teutamus seculatus sp. nov., male holotype (D). Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male holotype (E). Teutamus lioneli sp. nov., male paratype (F). (A – F) Prosoma, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574643/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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); the anteriorly protruded epigastric scutum forming a collar tube (
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<figureCitation box="[897,994,1271,1295]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[173,240,1479,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[161,1010,124,1660]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Teutamus orthogonus sp. nov., male holotype (A). Teutamus jambiensis, male paratype (MHNG) (B). Teutamus andrewdavisi, male paratype (MHNG) (C). Teutamus politus, male (D, I) from southern Thailand, female holotype (MSNG) (E). Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male paratype (F). Teutamus lioneli sp. nov., male paratype (G). Teutamus hirtellus sp. nov., male holotype (H). (A – G) Habitus, dorsal and (H) ventral; (I) opisthosoma, ventral. Abbreviations: ES, epigastric scutum; PS, post-epigastric scutum; SM, submarginal lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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); the femora of leg I carrying long, prolateral spines (two to four) situated on distinct sockets; the ventrally flattened anterior tibiae and metatarsi armed with several long, erect spines; the thin, elongated posterior metatarsi and tarsi spineless; the dorsal and postepigastric scuta of males fusing together, covering a truncate opisthosoma (
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<figureCitation box="[1012,1119,1398,1423]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[173,240,1479,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[161,1010,124,1660]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Teutamus orthogonus sp. nov., male holotype (A). Teutamus jambiensis, male paratype (MHNG) (B). Teutamus andrewdavisi, male paratype (MHNG) (C). Teutamus politus, male (D, I) from southern Thailand, female holotype (MSNG) (E). Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male paratype (F). Teutamus lioneli sp. nov., male paratype (G). Teutamus hirtellus sp. nov., male holotype (H). (A – G) Habitus, dorsal and (H) ventral; (I) opisthosoma, ventral. Abbreviations: ES, epigastric scutum; PS, post-epigastric scutum; SM, submarginal lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">
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Figure
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<date box="[1094,1119,1399,1423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">2I</date>
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</figureCitation>
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); legs I longest, with lengthened tibiae and metatarsi.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574643/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" targetBox="[173,1133,131,1034]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[173,1134,1067,1177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName box="[276,486,1067,1089]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orthogonus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[276,486,1067,1089]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">Teutamus orthogonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[492,566,1068,1089]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, male holotype (A).
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<taxonomicName box="[774,979,1067,1089]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jambiensis">
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<emphasis box="[774,979,1067,1089]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">Teutamus jambiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, male paratype (MHNG) (B).
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<taxonomicName box="[328,483,1098,1119]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rama" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[328,483,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">Teutamus rama</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[492,569,1097,1118]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, male holotype (C).
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<taxonomicName box="[789,984,1097,1119]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seculatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[789,984,1097,1119]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">Teutamus seculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[992,1069,1097,1118]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, male holotype (D).
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<taxonomicName box="[320,526,1126,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachiatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[320,526,1126,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">Teutamus brachiatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[533,609,1127,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, male holotype (E).
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<taxonomicName box="[823,986,1126,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lioneli" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[823,986,1126,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">Teutamus lioneli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[994,1071,1127,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, male paratype (F). (A–F) Prosoma, dorsal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1695" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[173,1134,1525,1653]" box="[173,271,1525,1549]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">
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<emphasis box="[173,271,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[173,1134,1525,1653]" lastBlockId="4.[173,1134,129,1366]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="1693" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">
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Most of the generic and specific descriptions given by
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<bibRefCitation author="Thorell" box="[797,959,1564,1589]" journalOrPublisher="Ann Mus Civ St. Nat Genova" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" pagination="269 - 383" part="30" refString="Thorell T. 1890. Arachnidi di Pinang raccolti nel 1889 dai Sig. ri L. Loria e L. Fea. Ann Mus Civ St. Nat Genova. 30: 269 - 383." title="Arachnidi di Pinang raccolti nel 1889 dai Sig. ri L. Loria e L. Fea" type="journal article" year="1890">Thorell (1890)</bibRefCitation>
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rely mainly on structural characters; this is also the case in his definitions of
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<taxonomicName box="[847,954,1597,1620]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[847,954,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">Teutamus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The wider concept of Thorell’s interpretation, which was redefined by
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<bibRefCitation author="Deeleman-Reinhold" box="[820,1129,1628,1653]" journalOrPublisher="1 st ed. Leiden: Brill" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold CL. 2001. Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae). 1 st ed. Leiden: Brill" title="Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae)" type="book" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation box="[820,1121,1628,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1691">Deeleman-Reinhold (2001</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, is retained in the present study. Although
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<taxonomicName box="[666,773,131,154]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[666,773,131,154]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of the most somatically distinctive genera, the simplicity of the male palps and female genitalia closely resembles other phrurolithines. It is difficult to specify a detailed genitalic synapomorphy distinguishing the males and females of
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<taxonomicName box="[645,752,227,250]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[645,752,227,250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from other genera. In
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<taxonomicName box="[1027,1134,227,250]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1027,1134,227,250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Thorell, 1897" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1897" box="[224,471,257,282]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Jacaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[224,312,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Jacaena</emphasis>
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Thorell, 1897
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</taxonomicName>
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the conical conductor is situated at the tip of the tegulum to accommodate an apex of the embolus (
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<figureCitation box="[655,764,289,314]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionText="Figure 4. Teutamus politus, female holotype (D), male (A – C) and female (E) from southern Thailand. Teutamus fertilis, male paratype (MHNG) (F). (A, F) Male palp, ventral and (B) retrolateral; (C) conductor, prolateral; (D) epigastric region, ventral; (E) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; DTA, disto-retrolateral tibial apophysis; EB, embolic base; FD, fertilization duct; ID, insemination duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SA, secretory ampulla; SD, sperm duct; ST, subtegulum. Scale bars 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figures 4</figureCitation>
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A,
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<figureCitation box="[799,813,289,313]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionText="Figure 5. Teutamus rama sp. nov., male holotype (A – E), female paratype (F, G). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) apex of tegulum showing conductor and embolic tip, prolateral; (E) retrolateral; (F) epigastric region, ventral; (G) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: AC, anterior concavity on RTA; E, embolus; L, transparent lamina on RTA; PTA, prolateral tibial apophysis; ST, subtegulum. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">5</figureCitation>
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D,E), the DTA is digitiform and weakly sclerotized (
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<figureCitation box="[448,558,321,345]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionText="Figure 4. Teutamus politus, female holotype (D), male (A – C) and female (E) from southern Thailand. Teutamus fertilis, male paratype (MHNG) (F). (A, F) Male palp, ventral and (B) retrolateral; (C) conductor, prolateral; (D) epigastric region, ventral; (E) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; DTA, disto-retrolateral tibial apophysis; EB, embolic base; FD, fertilization duct; ID, insemination duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SA, secretory ampulla; SD, sperm duct; ST, subtegulum. Scale bars 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figures 4</figureCitation>
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A,
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<figureCitation box="[594,607,321,345]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionText="Figure 5. Teutamus rama sp. nov., male holotype (A – E), female paratype (F, G). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) apex of tegulum showing conductor and embolic tip, prolateral; (E) retrolateral; (F) epigastric region, ventral; (G) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: AC, anterior concavity on RTA; E, embolus; L, transparent lamina on RTA; PTA, prolateral tibial apophysis; ST, subtegulum. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">5</figureCitation>
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A) or greatly reduced (
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<figureCitation box="[870,991,321,345]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[105,172,1193,1215]" captionTargetBox="[106,1060,134,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[105,1065,131,1159]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male holotype (A – C), female paratype from Thailand (E), from Malaysia (F). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) epigastric region, ventral; (E, F) internal genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574649/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figure 7C</figureCitation>
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), whereas in
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<taxonomicName authority="Simon, 1897" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1897" box="[173,422,353,377]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sesieutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[173,274,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Sesieutes</emphasis>
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Simon, 1897
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</taxonomicName>
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the lanceolate conductor is elongated and lies parallel with the adjacent embolus, its DTA is heavily sclerotized and greatly extended. Palpal similarity between these three genera is only recognized by the large, triangular RTA provided with a colourless, transparent lamina (
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<figureCitation box="[705,821,448,472]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[173,240,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[173,1127,393,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[173,1133,392,1477]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Teutamus rama sp. nov., male holotype (A – E), female paratype (F, G). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) apex of tegulum showing conductor and embolic tip, prolateral; (E) retrolateral; (F) epigastric region, ventral; (G) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: AC, anterior concavity on RTA; E, embolus; L, transparent lamina on RTA; PTA, prolateral tibial apophysis; ST, subtegulum. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574647/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figure 5A</figureCitation>
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) and a deep anterior groove (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[181,299,480,504]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[173,240,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[173,1127,393,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[173,1133,392,1477]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Teutamus rama sp. nov., male holotype (A – E), female paratype (F, G). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) apex of tegulum showing conductor and embolic tip, prolateral; (E) retrolateral; (F) epigastric region, ventral; (G) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: AC, anterior concavity on RTA; E, embolus; L, transparent lamina on RTA; PTA, prolateral tibial apophysis; ST, subtegulum. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574647/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figure 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[173,1134,129,1366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">
|
||
The female spermathecae are not separate structures but distal continuations of the ducts in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[273,374,545,568]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sesieutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[273,374,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Sesieutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[499,587,545,568]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Jacaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[499,587,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Jacaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[818,925,545,568]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[818,925,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a few species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[208,296,577,600]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Jacaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,296,577,600]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Jacaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the spermathecae are significantly larger, generally with a clear boundary between anterior convoluted ducts and heavily sclerotized, elliptic spermathecae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[181,290,640,664]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionText="Figure 4. Teutamus politus, female holotype (D), male (A – C) and female (E) from southern Thailand. Teutamus fertilis, male paratype (MHNG) (F). (A, F) Male palp, ventral and (B) retrolateral; (C) conductor, prolateral; (D) epigastric region, ventral; (E) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; DTA, disto-retrolateral tibial apophysis; EB, embolic base; FD, fertilization duct; ID, insemination duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SA, secretory ampulla; SD, sperm duct; ST, subtegulum. Scale bars 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[321,350,640,664]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionText="Figure 10. Teutamus calceolatus sp. nov., male holotype (A – C), female paratype (D, E). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) epigastric region, ventral; (E) internal genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">10</figureCitation>
|
||
E). However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[532,670,640,664]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[532,670,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">T. serrulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[678,766,641,664]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[778,886,640,664]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiralis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[778,886,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">T. spiralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[894,979,641,664]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">T. sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[247,331,673,696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
their spermathecae are not typical of the genus: they are relatively small, terminally situated but not clearly subdivided from the ducts (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[854,961,703,727]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionText="Figure 6. Teutamus serrulatus sp. nov., male holotype (A – D), female paratype (E, F). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) conductor, proventral; (E) epigastric region, ventral; (F) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: G, glandular pore; PS, post-epigastric scutum; SA, secretory ampulla. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figures 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[989,1018,704,728]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionText="Figure 17. Teutamus spiralis sp. nov., female holotype (A, B). Teutamus sumatranus sp. nov., female holotype (C, D). (A, C) Epigastric region, ventral; (B, D) internal genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">17</figureCitation>
|
||
B,D). This form is common among the females of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[623,724,736,759]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sesieutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[623,724,736,759]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Sesieutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It becomes apparent that although these three genera have diverged greatly in somatic characters, their genitalia are closely similar and identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[492,599,800,823]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[492,599,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
alone can be made only on the basis of somatic characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[173,1134,129,1366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">
|
||
The presence of transparent, anteriorly situated receptacles (= anterior bursae
|
||
<emphasis box="[173,232,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deeleman-Reinhold" box="[244,537,895,919]" journalOrPublisher="1 st ed. Leiden: Brill" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold CL. 2001. Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae). 1 st ed. Leiden: Brill" title="Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae)" type="book" year="2001">Deeleman-Reinhold 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has been recorded in several Asian phrurolithine genera including
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Thorell, 1890" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[377,654,927,951]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sphingius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[377,484,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Sphingius</emphasis>
|
||
Thorell, 1890
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001" authorityName="Deeleman-Reinhold" authorityYear="2001" box="[670,1075,927,951]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Plynnon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[670,761,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Plynnon</emphasis>
|
||
Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001" authorityName="Deeleman-Reinhold" authorityYear="2001" box="[173,602,958,983]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[173,293,959,983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Sudharmia</emphasis>
|
||
Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These receptacles vary greatly, from spherical to elongated oval, and from thin, membranous to heavily sclerotized. In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1019,1126,992,1015]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1019,1126,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[173,274,1023,1046]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sesieutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[173,274,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Sesieutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[341,429,1024,1047]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Jacaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[341,429,1024,1047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Jacaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the receptacles are completely absent; they have digitiform (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[181,300,1054,1079]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="8.[173,240,1257,1279]" captionTargetBox="[173,1132,130,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1133,130,1224]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 4. Teutamus politus, female holotype (D), male (A – C) and female (E) from southern Thailand. Teutamus fertilis, male paratype (MHNG) (F). (A, F) Male palp, ventral and (B) retrolateral; (C) conductor, prolateral; (D) epigastric region, ventral; (E) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; DTA, disto-retrolateral tibial apophysis; EB, embolic base; FD, fertilization duct; ID, insemination duct; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SA, secretory ampulla; SD, sperm duct; ST, subtegulum. Scale bars 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574646/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figure 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
) or spherical (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[475,617,1054,1079]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[105,172,1193,1215]" captionTargetBox="[106,1060,134,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[105,1065,131,1159]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male holotype (A – C), female paratype from Thailand (E), from Malaysia (F). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) epigastric region, ventral; (E, F) internal genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574649/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figure 7E,F</figureCitation>
|
||
) ampullae originating on the dorsal surface of the insemination ducts. The wall of these ampullae is penetrated by numerous gland ductules of variable sizes (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[530,659,1118,1142]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="37.[105,172,1598,1620]" captionTargetBox="[105,1063,583,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[105,1065,580,1565]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 17. Teutamus spiralis sp. nov., female holotype (A, B). Teutamus sumatranus sp. nov., female holotype (C, D). (A, C) Epigastric region, ventral; (B, D) internal genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574659/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figure 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each ampulla consists of a single-layered epithelium with an inner lining of cuticle and gland cells (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[815,939,1150,1174]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[105,172,1238,1260]" captionTargetBox="[105,1065,130,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[105,1065,130,1205]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Teutamus serrulatus, female paratype (A, B, G). Teutamus globularis, female paratype (C). Teutamus apiculatus, female paratype (D, F). Teutamus orthogonus, female paratype (E). Teutamus leptothecus, female holotype (H). (A – C) Epigastric region, ventral; (D) anterior portion of spermatheca showing glandular pore and mucus plug; (E) secretory glands; (F) mucus plug; (G) secretory ampulla surrounded by epithelial gland cells (arrowed); (H) gland ductules on spermathecal wall. Abbreviations: MP, mucus plug; PS, post-epigastric scutum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574645/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figure 3G,</figureCitation>
|
||
arrowed) around the outer orifices. These secretory glands are probably responsible for a production of dark, hardening secretion filling the epigynal atrium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[805,957,1213,1238]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[105,172,1238,1260]" captionTargetBox="[105,1065,130,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[105,1065,130,1205]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Teutamus serrulatus, female paratype (A, B, G). Teutamus globularis, female paratype (C). Teutamus apiculatus, female paratype (D, F). Teutamus orthogonus, female paratype (E). Teutamus leptothecus, female holotype (H). (A – C) Epigastric region, ventral; (D) anterior portion of spermatheca showing glandular pore and mucus plug; (E) secretory glands; (F) mucus plug; (G) secretory ampulla surrounded by epithelial gland cells (arrowed); (H) gland ductules on spermathecal wall. Abbreviations: MP, mucus plug; PS, post-epigastric scutum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574645/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figure 3B,C)</figureCitation>
|
||
. Unfortunately, much of the epithelial gland tissue was removed or damaged during histological procedures. The ampullae are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[591,742,1278,1302]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orthogonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[591,742,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">T. orthogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[751,838,1278,1301]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
but a group consisting of spherical glands is situated near a border between the insemination ducts and the spermathecae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[342,447,1341,1366]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionText="Figure 3. Teutamus serrulatus, female paratype (A, B, G). Teutamus globularis, female paratype (C). Teutamus apiculatus, female paratype (D, F). Teutamus orthogonus, female paratype (E). Teutamus leptothecus, female holotype (H). (A – C) Epigastric region, ventral; (D) anterior portion of spermatheca showing glandular pore and mucus plug; (E) secretory glands; (F) mucus plug; (G) secretory ampulla surrounded by epithelial gland cells (arrowed); (H) gland ductules on spermathecal wall. Abbreviations: MP, mucus plug; PS, post-epigastric scutum." pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[478,505,1342,1366]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionText="Figure 11. Teutamus orthogonus sp. nov., male holotype (A – C), female paratype (D, E). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) epigastric region, ventral; (E) internal genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">11</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574644/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" targetBox="[161,1009,124,1647]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[173,1134,1479,1647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[276,486,1479,1501]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orthogonus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[276,486,1479,1501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus orthogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[492,566,1480,1501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male holotype (A).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[774,979,1479,1501]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jambiensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[774,979,1479,1501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus jambiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male paratype (MHNG) (B).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[323,551,1508,1530]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrewdavisi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[323,551,1508,1530]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus andrewdavisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male paratype (MHNG) (C).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[865,1033,1508,1530]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="politus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[865,1033,1508,1530]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus politus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (D, I) from southern Thailand, female holotype (MSNG) (E).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[779,985,1538,1560]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachiatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[779,985,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus brachiatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[993,1070,1538,1559]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male paratype (F).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[319,485,1567,1589]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lioneli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[319,485,1567,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus lioneli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[495,573,1567,1588]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male paratype (G).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[796,981,1567,1589]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtellus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[796,981,1567,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693">Teutamus hirtellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[991,1069,1567,1588]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1693" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male holotype (H). (A–G) Habitus, dorsal and (H) ventral; (I) opisthosoma, ventral. Abbreviations: ES, epigastric scutum; PS, post-epigastric scutum; SM, submarginal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574645/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" targetBox="[105,1065,130,1205]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[105,1066,1238,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[208,408,1238,1260]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,408,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">Teutamus serrulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female paratype (A, B, G).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[693,892,1238,1260]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[693,892,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">Teutamus globularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female paratype (C).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[153,358,1267,1289]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[153,358,1267,1289]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">Teutamus apiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female paratype (D, F).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[626,839,1267,1289]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orthogonus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[626,839,1267,1289]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">Teutamus orthogonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female paratype (E).
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[105,319,1297,1319]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptothecus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[105,319,1297,1319]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">Teutamus leptothecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female holotype (H). (A–C) Epigastric region, ventral; (D) anterior portion of spermatheca showing glandular pore and mucus plug; (E) secretory glands; (F) mucus plug; (G) secretory ampulla surrounded by epithelial gland cells (arrowed); (H) gland ductules on spermathecal wall. Abbreviations: MP, mucus plug; PS, post-epigastric scutum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[105,1066,1468,1653]" lastBlockId="6.[173,1134,129,410]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1695" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[181,335,1469,1493]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptothecus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,335,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. leptothecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[343,428,1470,1493]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[488,646,1469,1493]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deelemanae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[488,646,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. deelemanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[654,740,1470,1493]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the surface of spermathecae is clearly marked with numerous gland ductules (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[665,785,1500,1525]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[105,172,1238,1260]" captionTargetBox="[105,1065,130,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[105,1065,130,1205]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Teutamus serrulatus, female paratype (A, B, G). Teutamus globularis, female paratype (C). Teutamus apiculatus, female paratype (D, F). Teutamus orthogonus, female paratype (E). Teutamus leptothecus, female holotype (H). (A – C) Epigastric region, ventral; (D) anterior portion of spermatheca showing glandular pore and mucus plug; (E) secretory glands; (F) mucus plug; (G) secretory ampulla surrounded by epithelial gland cells (arrowed); (H) gland ductules on spermathecal wall. Abbreviations: MP, mucus plug; PS, post-epigastric scutum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574645/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">Figure 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in the remaining
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[148,255,1534,1557]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[148,255,1534,1557]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">Teutamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species treated here (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[495,581,1534,1557]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rama" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[495,581,1534,1557]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. rama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[589,676,1533,1556]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[687,825,1533,1557]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[687,825,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. serrulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[832,920,1533,1556]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[931,1027,1533,1557]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lioneli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[931,1027,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. lioneli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[167,308,1564,1589]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apiculatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[167,308,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. apiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[316,404,1565,1588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[415,566,1564,1589]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceolatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[415,566,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. calceolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[575,662,1565,1588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[674,817,1564,1589]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachiatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[674,817,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. brachiatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[825,913,1565,1588]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[924,1065,1564,1589]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secculatus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[924,1065,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. secculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[105,195,1597,1620]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[209,341,1597,1620]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tortuosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[209,341,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. tortuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[350,440,1597,1620]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[453,582,1596,1620]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rollardae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[453,582,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. rollardae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[592,682,1597,1620]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[695,794,1597,1620]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poggii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[695,794,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. poggii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[803,893,1597,1620]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[906,1065,1596,1620]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deelemanae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[906,1065,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. deelemanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[105,193,1629,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[255,413,1629,1652]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[255,413,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694">T. sumatranus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[423,511,1629,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) each spermatheca is provided with one or two large glandular pore(s) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[446,555,129,153]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionText="Figure 6. Teutamus serrulatus sp. nov., male holotype (A – D), female paratype (E, F). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) conductor, proventral; (E) epigastric region, ventral; (F) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: G, glandular pore; PS, post-epigastric scutum; SA, secretory ampulla. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">Figures 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[586,600,131,154]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionText="Figure 7. Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male holotype (A – C), female paratype from Thailand (E), from Malaysia (F). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) epigastric region, ventral; (E, F) internal genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">7</figureCitation>
|
||
E,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[632,646,130,154]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionText="Figure 8. Teutamus apiculatus sp. nov., male holotype (A – D), female paratype (E, F). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral (B) and (C) retrolateral; (D) conductor, prolateral; (E) epigastric region, ventral; (F) internal genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">8</figureCitation>
|
||
F). These pores are sealed by a mucus plug (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[181,326,161,186]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[105,172,1238,1260]" captionTargetBox="[105,1065,130,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[105,1065,130,1205]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Teutamus serrulatus, female paratype (A, B, G). Teutamus globularis, female paratype (C). Teutamus apiculatus, female paratype (D, F). Teutamus orthogonus, female paratype (E). Teutamus leptothecus, female holotype (H). (A – C) Epigastric region, ventral; (D) anterior portion of spermatheca showing glandular pore and mucus plug; (E) secretory glands; (F) mucus plug; (G) secretory ampulla surrounded by epithelial gland cells (arrowed); (H) gland ductules on spermathecal wall. Abbreviations: MP, mucus plug; PS, post-epigastric scutum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574645/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">Figure 3D,F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The presence of a surface glandular pore on spermathecae also occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Deeleman-Reinhold (2001)" authorityName="Deeleman-Reinhold" authorityYear="2001" box="[204,693,193,218]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sesieutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[204,377,194,218]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">Sesieutes nitens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Deeleman-Reinhold" box="[386,693,193,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695" year="2001">Deeleman-Reinhold (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[947,1048,194,217]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sesieutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[947,1048,194,217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">Sesieutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from Vietnam as well as in a female of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[636,724,227,250]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Jacaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[636,724,227,250]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">Jacaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southern China (unpublished data). Not much information is known about the glands of the spermathecal epithelium and the secretions that they pass into the spermathecal lumen in spiders (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lopez" journalOrPublisher="Berlin: Springer" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695" pagination="121 - 132" refString="Lopez A. 1987. Ecophysiology of Spiders. Berlin: Springer. Glandular aspects of sexual biology; p. 121 - 132." title="Ecophysiology of Spiders" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Glandular aspects of sexual biology" year="1987">Lopez 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Berendonck" box="[243,591,321,345]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the 19 th European Colloquium of Arachnology; Arhus, Denmark." pageId="6" pageNumber="1695" refString="Berendonck B, Greven H. 2002. Morphology of female and male genitalia of Latrodectus revivensis Shulov, 1948 (Araneae, Theridiidae) with regard to sperm priority patterns. Paper presented at: European Arachnology 2000. Proceedings of the 19 th European Colloquium of Arachnology; Arhus, Denmark. 17 - 22 July 2000" title="Morphology of female and male genitalia of Latrodectus revivensis Shulov, 1948 (Araneae, Theridiidae) with regard to sperm priority patterns." type="journal article" year="2002">Berendonck and Greven 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although these characters are of interest and common among
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[364,471,354,377]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[364,471,354,377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">Teutamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, their taxonomic value cannot be established at this stage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="1696" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[173,1134,474,1653]" box="[173,300,474,497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">
|
||
<emphasis box="[173,300,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[173,1134,474,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">
|
||
Medium-sized, ant-mimicking spider (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[609,708,512,537]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[173,240,1479,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[161,1010,124,1660]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Teutamus orthogonus sp. nov., male holotype (A). Teutamus jambiensis, male paratype (MHNG) (B). Teutamus andrewdavisi, male paratype (MHNG) (C). Teutamus politus, male (D, I) from southern Thailand, female holotype (MSNG) (E). Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male paratype (F). Teutamus lioneli sp. nov., male paratype (G). Teutamus hirtellus sp. nov., male holotype (H). (A – G) Habitus, dorsal and (H) ventral; (I) opisthosoma, ventral. Abbreviations: ES, epigastric scutum; PS, post-epigastric scutum; SM, submarginal lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574644/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prosoma (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[846,942,512,537]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[173,240,1067,1089]" captionTargetBox="[173,1133,131,1034]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[173,1133,131,1034]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Teutamus orthogonus sp. nov., male holotype (A). Teutamus jambiensis, male paratype (MHNG) (B). Teutamus rama sp. nov., male holotype (C). Teutamus seculatus sp. nov., male holotype (D). Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male holotype (E). Teutamus lioneli sp. nov., male paratype (F). (A – F) Prosoma, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574643/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) elongate-ovoid, widest at coxae
|
||
<abbreviationData pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">
|
||
<abbreviation box="[368,391,545,568]" collectionCode--annotationValue="AME" collectionCode--box="[521,585,704,728]" collectionCode--collectionName="USA, Florida, Gainesville, University of Florida, Florida Museum of Natural History, Allyn Museum" collectionCode--pageId="6" collectionCode--pageNumber="1695" impliedText="in profile smoothly convex, highest between PME and fovea; lateral margins strongly modified, undulated, carrying four pairs of elevated submarginal lobes; posterior margin extended, terminally straight, strongly rebordered. Fovea obsolete, replaced by shallow depression. Carapace integument smooth and shiny, usually punctate, forming radiating striae, bristles presented on clypeal area only. Clypeal height equal to AME diameter. Chilum triangular, clearly separated. Chelicerae thin and moderately long, frontal surface spineless; three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth on cheliceral fang grooves; fangs small. Gnathocoxae rectangular, longer than wide, lateral margin excavated medially, with oblique depression. Labium triangular, rebordered distally. Sternum triangular, longer than wide; anterior margin slightly excavated, anterior lateral margin strongly invaginated to accommodate coxae I, lateral margin with chitinous extensions between coxae, connecting with carapace; posterior portion greatly extended, fused with pedicel, a short, elevated ridge running mid-longitudinally; surface punctate. Eight eyes in two procurved rows, PER slightly wider than" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">II</abbreviation>
|
||
; in profile smoothly convex, highest between PME and fovea; lateral margins strongly modified, undulated, carrying four pairs of elevated submarginal lobes; posterior margin extended, terminally straight, strongly rebordered. Fovea obsolete, replaced by shallow depression. Carapace integument smooth and shiny, usually punctate, forming radiating striae, bristles presented on clypeal area only. Clypeal height equal to AME diameter. Chilum triangular, clearly separated. Chelicerae thin and moderately long, frontal surface spineless; three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth on cheliceral fang grooves; fangs small. Gnathocoxae rectangular, longer than wide, lateral margin excavated medially, with oblique depression. Labium triangular, rebordered distally. Sternum triangular, longer than wide; anterior margin slightly excavated, anterior lateral margin strongly invaginated to accommodate coxae I, lateral margin with chitinous extensions between coxae, connecting with carapace; posterior portion greatly extended, fused with pedicel, a short, elevated ridge running mid-longitudinally; surface punctate. Eight eyes in two procurved rows, PER slightly wider than
|
||
</abbreviationData>
|
||
<abbreviationData pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">
|
||
<abbreviation box="[397,459,991,1015]" collectionCode--1--annotationValue="AME" collectionCode--1--box="[472,536,991,1015]" collectionCode--1--collectionName="USA, Florida, Gainesville, University of Florida, Florida Museum of Natural History, Allyn Museum" collectionCode--1--pageId="6" collectionCode--1--pageNumber="1695" collectionCode--2--annotationValue="AME" collectionCode--2--box="[338,402,1055,1079]" collectionCode--2--collectionName="USA, Florida, Gainesville, University of Florida, Florida Museum of Natural History, Allyn Museum" collectionCode--2--pageId="6" collectionCode--2--pageNumber="1695" impliedText="AME circular, dark, large, slightly larger than other eyes; other eyes sub-equal in size, oval, light, circled by black ring; eyes relatively evenly spaced except AME separated about one-third of their diameter, PME separated by more than their diameter apart. MOQ slightly longer than wide or as wide as long, slightly wider behind than in front. Leg formula 1423. Femora I with two to four prolateral spines situated on distinct sockets; anterior tibiae and metatarsi ventrally flattened, carrying several long, sinuate spines on prolateral and retrolateral margins; other leg segments spineless; ventral surface of metatarsi with distal brush; tarsi with single row of long trichobothria; femora I always with a row of at least 10 featherlike bristles situated at base of prolateral spines; three claws and reduced claw tufts." level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">AER</abbreviation>
|
||
; AME circular, dark, large, slightly larger than other eyes; other eyes sub-equal in size, oval, light, circled by black ring; eyes relatively evenly spaced except AME separated about one-third of their diameter, PME separated by more than their diameter apart. MOQ slightly longer than wide or as wide as long, slightly wider behind than in front. Leg formula 1423. Femora I with two to four prolateral spines situated on distinct sockets; anterior tibiae and metatarsi ventrally flattened, carrying several long, sinuate spines on prolateral and retrolateral margins; other leg segments spineless; ventral surface of metatarsi with distal brush; tarsi with single row of long trichobothria; femora I always with a row of at least 10 featherlike bristles situated at base of prolateral spines; three claws and reduced claw tufts.
|
||
</abbreviationData>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[173,1134,474,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">
|
||
Opisthosoma (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[385,486,1341,1366]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[173,240,1479,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[161,1010,124,1660]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Teutamus orthogonus sp. nov., male holotype (A). Teutamus jambiensis, male paratype (MHNG) (B). Teutamus andrewdavisi, male paratype (MHNG) (C). Teutamus politus, male (D, I) from southern Thailand, female holotype (MSNG) (E). Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male paratype (F). Teutamus lioneli sp. nov., male paratype (G). Teutamus hirtellus sp. nov., male holotype (H). (A – G) Habitus, dorsal and (H) ventral; (I) opisthosoma, ventral. Abbreviations: ES, epigastric scutum; PS, post-epigastric scutum; SM, submarginal lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574644/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) ovoid, usually widening posteriorly. Epigastric scutum greatly extended anteriorly, forming tube with collar rings (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[840,947,1373,1398]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[173,240,1479,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[161,1010,124,1660]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Teutamus orthogonus sp. nov., male holotype (A). Teutamus jambiensis, male paratype (MHNG) (B). Teutamus andrewdavisi, male paratype (MHNG) (C). Teutamus politus, male (D, I) from southern Thailand, female holotype (MSNG) (E). Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male paratype (F). Teutamus lioneli sp. nov., male paratype (G). Teutamus hirtellus sp. nov., male holotype (H). (A – G) Habitus, dorsal and (H) ventral; (I) opisthosoma, ventral. Abbreviations: ES, epigastric scutum; PS, post-epigastric scutum; SM, submarginal lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574644/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<date box="[921,947,1374,1398]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">2I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); post-epigastric scuta represented by two triangular sclerites situated laterally just below epigastric furrow, sexually metamorphosed, well-developed in males (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[815,949,1437,1461]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[173,240,1479,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[161,1010,124,1660]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Teutamus orthogonus sp. nov., male holotype (A). Teutamus jambiensis, male paratype (MHNG) (B). Teutamus andrewdavisi, male paratype (MHNG) (C). Teutamus politus, male (D, I) from southern Thailand, female holotype (MSNG) (E). Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male paratype (F). Teutamus lioneli sp. nov., male paratype (G). Teutamus hirtellus sp. nov., male holotype (H). (A – G) Habitus, dorsal and (H) ventral; (I) opisthosoma, ventral. Abbreviations: ES, epigastric scutum; PS, post-epigastric scutum; SM, submarginal lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574644/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">Figure 2B,I</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal scutum covering at least two-thirds of opisthosoma length, extending ventrally and fusing with post-epigastric scuta in males (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[528,638,1500,1525]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[173,240,1479,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[161,1010,124,1660]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Teutamus orthogonus sp. nov., male holotype (A). Teutamus jambiensis, male paratype (MHNG) (B). Teutamus andrewdavisi, male paratype (MHNG) (C). Teutamus politus, male (D, I) from southern Thailand, female holotype (MSNG) (E). Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male paratype (F). Teutamus lioneli sp. nov., male paratype (G). Teutamus hirtellus sp. nov., male holotype (H). (A – G) Habitus, dorsal and (H) ventral; (I) opisthosoma, ventral. Abbreviations: ES, epigastric scutum; PS, post-epigastric scutum; SM, submarginal lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574644/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<date box="[613,638,1501,1525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1695">2I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), dorsal scutum absent in female. Six spinnerets; anterior lateral spinnerets short, conical, separated by roughly their diameter at base; posterior median spinnerets flattened, strongly compressed laterally, carrying two rows of cylindrical gland spigots in females; posterior lateral spinnerets with distinct and conical distal segment, carrying two cylindrical gland spigots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[105,1066,129,472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">
|
||
<emphasis box="[105,225,130,154]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Male palp.</emphasis>
|
||
Palpal tibia rather short, usually excavated retrolaterally. PTA (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[944,1058,129,153]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[173,240,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[173,1127,393,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[173,1133,392,1477]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Teutamus rama sp. nov., male holotype (A – E), female paratype (F, G). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) apex of tegulum showing conductor and embolic tip, prolateral; (E) retrolateral; (F) epigastric region, ventral; (G) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: AC, anterior concavity on RTA; E, embolus; L, transparent lamina on RTA; PTA, prolateral tibial apophysis; ST, subtegulum. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574647/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Figure 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
) minute, triangular, heavily sclerotized in some species. RTA (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[831,954,161,185]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[173,240,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[173,1127,393,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[173,1133,392,1477]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Teutamus rama sp. nov., male holotype (A – E), female paratype (F, G). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) apex of tegulum showing conductor and embolic tip, prolateral; (E) retrolateral; (F) epigastric region, ventral; (G) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: AC, anterior concavity on RTA; E, embolus; L, transparent lamina on RTA; PTA, prolateral tibial apophysis; ST, subtegulum. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574647/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Figure 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
) triangular in ventral view, broad at base, directed ectad, anteriorly with deep concavity and transparent lamina. DTA digitiform (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[594,713,225,249]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[105,172,1219,1241]" captionTargetBox="[105,1064,132,1186]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[105,1065,132,1187]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Teutamus serrulatus sp. nov., male holotype (A – D), female paratype (E, F). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) conductor, proventral; (E) epigastric region, ventral; (F) internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: G, glandular pore; PS, post-epigastric scutum; SA, secretory ampulla. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574648/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Figure 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
), weakly sclerotized or greatly reduced (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[213,335,257,282]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[105,172,1193,1215]" captionTargetBox="[106,1060,134,1159]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[105,1065,131,1159]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov., male holotype (A – C), female paratype from Thailand (E), from Malaysia (F). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) epigastric region, ventral; (E, F) internal genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars 0. 2 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574649/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Figure 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegulum bulbous, generally wider posteriorly, gradually narrowing towards apex, weakly sclerotized or colourless on baso-retrolateral side, with simple looping sperm duct. Embolic base disc-like, situated pro-apically. Embolus filiform, elongated, obliquely crossing behind tegulum to apex. Conductor conical, situated apically, its base tightly fused with tegulum. Median apophysis absent. Accessory sclerotized apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[353,507,416,441]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="27.[105,172,1342,1364]" captionTargetBox="[107,1059,129,1309]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[105,1065,129,1309]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 13. Teutamus seculatus sp. nov., male holotype (A – C), female paratype (D, E). (A) Male palp, ventral, (B) prolateral and (C) retrolateral; (D) epigastric region, ventral; (E) internal genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574655/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Figure 13A,B</figureCitation>
|
||
) or fold (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[607,736,416,441]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="29.[105,172,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[105,1052,713,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[105,1065,711,1485]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 14. Teutamus hirtellus sp. nov., male holotype (A). Teutamus andrewdavisi, male paratype (MHNG) (B). Teutamus jambiensis, male paratype (MHNG) (C). (A – C) Male palp, ventral. Scale bars 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574656/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Figure 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
), if present, situated posterior to conductor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[105,1066,515,794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">
|
||
<emphasis box="[105,294,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Epigynal area heavily sclerotized, usually elevated, internal genitalia visible through integument. Epigynal atrium presented in few species (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[929,1053,547,572]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[105,172,1238,1260]" captionTargetBox="[105,1065,130,1205]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[105,1065,130,1205]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Teutamus serrulatus, female paratype (A, B, G). Teutamus globularis, female paratype (C). Teutamus apiculatus, female paratype (D, F). Teutamus orthogonus, female paratype (E). Teutamus leptothecus, female holotype (H). (A – C) Epigastric region, ventral; (D) anterior portion of spermatheca showing glandular pore and mucus plug; (E) secretory glands; (F) mucus plug; (G) secretory ampulla surrounded by epithelial gland cells (arrowed); (H) gland ductules on spermathecal wall. Abbreviations: MP, mucus plug; PS, post-epigastric scutum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574645/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Copulatory orifices situated anteriorly or medially, frequently filled with dark, hardening secretion. Insemination ducts elongated, descending posteriorly. Secretory ampullae digitiform or spherical, heavily perforated, originating on dorsal surface of insemination ducts. Spermathecae situated posteriorly, variable in shape, surface perforated, penetrated by numerous gland ductules and large glandular pore. Fertilization ducts lanceolate, connecting to posterior part of spermathecae via distinct projections formed by spermathecal walls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="1696" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[105,1066,856,951]" box="[105,274,856,880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">
|
||
<emphasis box="[105,274,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[105,1066,856,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[105,212,897,920]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[105,212,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Teutamus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species were collected by sifting decomposed leaves and organic litter in primary forests with relatively high humidity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="1696" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[105,1066,1013,1109]" box="[105,238,1013,1037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">
|
||
<emphasis box="[105,238,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[105,1066,1013,1109]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">
|
||
Most of the species are from the Sundaland sub-region of Southeast Asia (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[942,1052,1053,1077]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionText="Figure 18. Distribution of new Teutamus species treated in the present study. 1, Teutamus rama sp. nov.; 2, Teutamus serrulatus sp. nov.; 3, Teutamus brachiatus sp. nov.; 4, Teutamus apiculatus sp. nov.; 5, Teutamus lioneli sp. nov.; 6, Teutamus calceolatus sp. nov.; 7, Teutamus orthogonus sp. nov.; 8, Teutamus globularis sp. nov.; 9, Teutamus seculatus sp. nov.; 10, Teutamus hirtellus sp. nov.; 11, Teutamus tortuosus sp. nov.; 12, Teutamus rollardae sp. nov.; 13, Teutamus poggii sp. nov.; 14, Teutamus leptothecus sp. nov.; 15, Teutamus deelemanae sp. nov.; 16, Teutamus spiralis sp. nov.; 17, Teutamus sumatranus sp. nov.; , Teutamus politus Thorell. " pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||
), with only a single species (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[401,516,1085,1109]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Teutamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="christae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[401,516,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1696">T. christae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) recorded from the Indo-Burma sub-region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |