197 lines
35 KiB
XML
197 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="D3256F897A538ABE8E3D6FFCC5EBA6AB" ID-CLB-Dataset="46493" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f3952c3-0f54-40f8-bb3e-a17fb9cb6a49" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="228666" ID-ZooBank="82E13B7A-C007-4345-B4CF-D4921194DBA2" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460381030042" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Podeniene, Virginija, Naseviciene, Nijole & Podenas, Sigitas" docDate="2014" docId="03A61B45A24EFF82DECB63C696BFF8D6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03764p168.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3764 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nephrotoma flavescens Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="159" masterDocId="FF9F633DA24BFF85DE5C631E9231FFD8" masterDocTitle="Notes on the first instar larvae of Ctenophora and Nephrotoma (Diptera, Tipulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="168" masterPageNumber="152" pageNumber="157" updateTime="1698296849864" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="AC8016A4596CFFCDD6D25CD13A25B079">Notes on the first instar larvae of Ctenophora and Nephrotoma (Diptera, Tipulidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8E4032F50CD186B9C748A7BAE6D7F8B3">Podeniene, Virginija</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0268BBB315113FF37DAA8788ADF3526F">Naseviciene, Nijole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9DF967F57341103CCDE52F2C8FEAB71">Podenas, Sigitas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="909BED95FD6F86C31BC3C669312E47E6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4DADBC6CF9337AD863B0A8B6ECDB03DB">
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<mods:date id="27E377F27815698124863D908AB5B8BE">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="10FC391B1B0BDC04C423108657F65128">3764</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="475542A09975ECEB240DCF862E8E60DA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3764.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A61B45A24EFF82DECB63C696BFF8D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6136176" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119414199" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6136176" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A61B45A24EFF82DECB63C696BFF8D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A61B45A24EFF82DECB63C696BFF8D6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">
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<subSubSection id="C315F9D8A24EFF82DECB63C696BFF8D6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="5" pageNumber="157" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB0AA53A24EFF80DECB63C69051FF2A" blockId="5.[151,608,216,278]" box="[151,608,216,242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">
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<heading id="D0F81D3FA24EFF80DECB63C69051FF2A" bold="true" box="[151,608,216,242]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="157" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FD1D0A24EFF80DECB63C69051FF2A" ID-CoL="73WR6" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,608,216,242]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Nephrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
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<emphasis id="B97B7641A24EFF80DECB63C69051FF2A" bold="true" box="[151,608,216,242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">
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<emphasis id="B97B7641A24EFF80DECB63C69395FF29" bold="true" box="[151,420,216,241]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Nephrotoma flavescens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9ED7A2A24EFF80DFF063C79051FF2A" author="Linnaeus" box="[428,608,217,242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 10. Salvii, Holmiae [= Stockholm], 1: i - iv, 1 - 824. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="journal article" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0AA53A24EFF80DECB63E3931FFECE" blockId="5.[151,608,216,278]" box="[151,302,253,278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DEC363E39314FECE" box="[159,293,253,278]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStart-1="FIGURES 28 – 32" captionStartId-0="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetBox-1="[339,1222,195,1067]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[339,1248,195,1087]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 28 – 32. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 28. Abdominal segment, dorsal view. 29. Dorsal abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 30. Ventral abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 31. Lateral abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 32. Spiracular field." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/228670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Figs. 18–32</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0AA53A24EFF80DECB625F932AFEA4" blockId="5.[151,1437,319,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">
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<emphasis id="B97B7641A24EFF80DECB625F9341FE80" box="[151,368,319,344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">First instar larvae.</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="4CF707B6A24EFF80DF8D62219048FE8F" box="[465,633,319,344]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.765" metricValueMax="1.78" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="5" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="1.765" valueMax="1.78" valueMin="1.75">1.75–1.78 mm</quantity>
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; width
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<quantity id="4CF707B6A24EFF80DC93625E9146FE8F" box="[719,887,320,344]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9499999999999997" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="0.295" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.29">0.29–0.30 mm</quantity>
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. Body covered with pale pubescence. Cuticle is transparent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB0AA53A24EFF80DE9B62999153F9D7" blockId="5.[151,1437,319,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">
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<emphasis id="B97B7641A24EFF80DE9B62999356FE78" box="[199,359,391,416]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Head capsule.</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="4CF707B6A24EFF80DF9F62999059FE47" box="[451,616,391,416]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.5999999999999996" pageId="5" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="0.37" valueMax="0.38" valueMin="0.36">0.36–0.38 mm</quantity>
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; width
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<quantity id="4CF707B6A24EFF80DCE56299916FFE47" box="[697,862,391,416]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6999999999999997" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="0.16999999999999998" valueMax="0.18" valueMin="0.16">0.16–0.18 mm</quantity>
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. Head capsule is prognatous and hemicephalic. It is elongate-oval in shape, slightly depressed dorsoventrally and, differently from the head capsule of the last instar larvae, just slightly sclerotised (
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<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DC5662D09050FE3F" box="[522,609,462,487]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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). Internolateralia and externolateralia are separated by incisions, which reach almost half-length of head capsule; each incision is continuous with deep groove (the most sclerotised part of head capsule) that extends almost to the base of antenna. Externolateralia are widely separated on the ventral side of capsule (
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<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DF4761279341FD89" box="[283,368,569,594]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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). Premaxillary suture separates side plates from the rest of head capsule. Side plate is wedgeshaped with a long anteromedial seta. Hypostomium is strongly sclerotised. It bears five sharp teeth. The outhermost teeth (both on dorsal and ventral part) are much smaller than the other. Small incision is on posterior part of hypostomium (
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<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DFC761BD93C3FD64" box="[411,498,675,700]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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). Basally the hypostomium is fused with ventral margins of genae and with side plates. Prementum is visible from below. It is very similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0FD1D0A24EFF80DDD761D69633FD07" box="[907,1026,712,735]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Ctenophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttata">
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<emphasis id="B97B7641A24EFF80DDD761D69633FD07" box="[907,1026,712,735]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Ct. guttata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Frontoclypeus is short (4/5 times as long as internolateralia) and fused with internolateralia. Internolateralia are separated by fold on posterior part (
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<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DEC360109319FCFF" box="[159,296,782,807]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Figs. 18, 19</figureCitation>
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). Internolateralia are much longer than externolateralia. Clypeal part of frontoclypeus is membranous and separated from labrum by deep fold. There are four short setae on the anterior part of clypeus. A short seta is situated below the anterior part of clypeus towards the base of antenna. There are four short setae below the base of antenna (
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<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DEA360669365FC49" box="[255,340,888,913]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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). Ecdysial and coronal sutures are not visible. Labrum is rectangular in shape and composed of two wedge-shaped sclerotised plates separated by membranous areas. Each labral lobe has distinct triangularly shaped outgrowth directed outward (
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<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DC6460A190BCFC00" box="[568,653,959,984]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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). Apical part of labrum and ephipharynx are covered with numerous hairs. One long and one short seta present on membranous part on each side of labrum (
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<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DAD260FD96D4FC23" box="[1166,1253,995,1020]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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). One long, one medium-length, two short setae and one sensory pit present on anteriolateral part, two sensory pits present on medial part, one short and one very short setae are located on posterior part of labral lobe. Antenna is short and composed of one cone-shaped segment, almost as long as wide at base (
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<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DD9B6753962DFBBE" box="[967,1052,1101,1126]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
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). It has a large cone-shaped and a few small peg-like apical sensillae and subapical posterodorsal sensory pit. Mandible is one-segmented and much more sclerotised than the rest of head capsule. Five sharp teeth are present on both mandibles (
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<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DAEC678A9735FB75" box="[1200,1284,1172,1197]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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). Apical, first ventral and dorsal teeth are the most prominent. Second dorsal and second ventral teeth are much smaller. Prostheca or
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<emphasis id="B97B7641A24EFF80DF7167C593E7FB2C" box="[301,470,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">lacinia mobilis</emphasis>
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present on the dorsal side of inner surface of mandible (
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<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DA3F67C5968BFB2B" box="[1123,1210,1243,1268]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B97B7641A24EFF80DA9367C297B0FB2C" box="[1231,1409,1243,1268]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Lacinia mobilis</emphasis>
|
||
is arch-shaped, with 9–10 sharp small teeth on apical part and with cushion of long hairs in the middle. Lateral surface of mandible has two very short setae at the base. A sensory pit is present at the base of dorsal side. Mandibles operate in horizontal plane. Inconspicuous larval eye spot is present below the base of mandible. Maxilla has triangularly shaped cardo, which bears two almost equal setae near the distal end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DA9B6677972AFA5A" box="[1223,1307,1385,1410]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are two sclerites on stipes. The inner sclerite extends around inner margin of maxilla onto its dorsal surface and the outer sclerite extends around outer margin of maxilla to its dorsal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DDAE66B19679FA10" box="[1010,1096,1455,1480]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Galea and lacinia are fused. Galea is covered with numerous short hairs. There are three long sensory structures on the ventral side of galea. Lacinia has three sharp pointed outgrooves on the outer margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0AA53A24EFF80DE9B650493F5F98E" blockId="5.[151,1437,319,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B7641A24EFF80DE9B65049311F9EB" box="[199,288,1562,1587]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
All thoracic segments are short and wide, covered with microscopic hairs. Prothorax has dorsal and ventral pads (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DF7265239386F98E" box="[302,439,1597,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 27" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1699,1722]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 27. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Figs. 26, 27</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0AA53A24EFF80DE9B657F96F8F8AA" blockId="5.[151,1437,319,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B7641A24EFF80DE9B657F9309F9A2" box="[199,312,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments are longer than wide. They are covered with two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B414F1A24EFF80DA28657C969EF9A2" box="[1140,1199,1634,1658]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of hairs. Short hairs cover lateral parts of segment and big portion of tergal and sternal parts. Tips of these hairs are three-branched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DEC365B69331F918" box="[159,256,1704,1729]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 32" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[339,1222,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[339,1248,195,1087]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 32. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 28. Abdominal segment, dorsal view. 29. Dorsal abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 30. Ventral abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 31. Lateral abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 32. Spiracular field." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Figs. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
). Long hairs form lines on tergal and sternal parts of segments. Setae are light brown. Setae D1 and D6 are very short; D4 and D5 are twice as long as D1; D2 is three times as long as D1; D3 is more than five times as long as D1. Setae D2, D3 and D4, D5 make pairs and are very close to each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DA1B65F196ADF8D0" box="[1095,1180,1775,1800]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 32" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[339,1222,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[339,1248,195,1087]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 32. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 28. Abdominal segment, dorsal view. 29. Dorsal abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 30. Ventral abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 31. Lateral abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 32. Spiracular field." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae
|
||
<date id="FFB18C93A24EFF80DAA965EE9743F8D0" box="[1269,1394,1775,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">V1 and V2</date>
|
||
are equal in length and twice as long as
|
||
<date id="FFB18C93A24EFF80DC68640D9089F8F3" box="[564,696,1810,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">V3 and V4.</date>
|
||
Setae
|
||
<date id="FFB18C93A24EFF80DD58640D9119F8F3" box="[772,808,1811,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">V1</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB18C93A24EFF80DD69640D9185F8F3" box="[821,948,1810,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">V2 and V3</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB18C93A24EFF80DD9D640D91D2F8F3" box="[961,995,1811,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">V4</date>
|
||
make pairs and are close to each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DEC3642892C4F897" box="[159,245,1846,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 32" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[339,1222,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[339,1248,195,1087]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 32. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 28. Abdominal segment, dorsal view. 29. Dorsal abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 30. Ventral abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 31. Lateral abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 32. Spiracular field." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae L1, L2 and L3 are close to each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24EFF80DD4D64289157F897" box="[785,870,1846,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 32" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[339,1222,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[339,1248,195,1087]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 32. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 28. Abdominal segment, dorsal view. 29. Dorsal abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 30. Ventral abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 31. Lateral abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 32. Spiracular field." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228670/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
). L2 is short; L1 is three times as long as L2 and twice as long as L3; L4 is rather far away from other setae and its length is similar to that of L3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0AA53A24EFF80DE9B646391A2F807" blockId="5.[151,1437,319,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="157">Hairs on sixth and seventh abdominal segments are longer than those on other segments. Third thoracic and first abdominal segments are wider than long. First and second thoracic and second to eighth abdominal segments are longer than wide. Last or anal abdominal segment is constricted.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF70FADBA24DFF83DECB65BD9322F8C6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228669/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="158" targetBox="[159,1436,193,1664]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0AA53A24DFF83DECB65BD9322F8C6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1699,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B7641A24DFF83DECB65BD9364F961" bold="true" box="[151,341,1699,1722]" pageId="6" pageNumber="158">FIGURES 18–27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FD1D0A24DFF83DF0265BA907AF962" box="[350,587,1700,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Nephrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B7641A24DFF83DF0265BA907AF962" box="[350,587,1700,1722]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="158">Nephrotoma flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, first instar larva: 18. General view head capsule, dorsal aspect. 19. General view head capsule, ventral aspect. 20. Hypostomium. 21. Lateral plates of labrum. 22. General view of labrum. 23. Right antenna. 24. Mandible. 25. Right maxilla, ventral view. 26. The first thoracical segment, dorsal view. 27. The first thoracical segment, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF70FADBA24CFF82DECB674B930AFB74" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228670/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="159" targetBox="[339,1222,195,1067]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0AA53A24CFF82DECB674B930AFB74" blockId="7.[151,1436,1109,1196]" pageId="7" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B7641A24CFF82DECB674B9365FBB3" bold="true" box="[151,340,1109,1132]" pageId="7" pageNumber="159">FIGURES 28–32.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FD1D0A24CFF82DF0767489079FBB4" box="[347,584,1110,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Nephrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B7641A24CFF82DF0767489079FBB4" box="[347,584,1110,1132]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="159">Nephrotoma flavescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, first instar larva: 28. Abdominal segment, dorsal view. 29. Dorsal abdominal setae (segments II–VII). 30. Ventral abdominal setae (segments II–VII). 31. Lateral abdominal setae (segments II–VII). 32. Spiracular field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0AA53A24CFF82DE9B67E493DCF98F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1274,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B7641A24CFF82DE9B67E4934DFACB" box="[199,380,1274,1299]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="159">Spiracular disc.</emphasis>
|
||
Spiracular field is surrounded by four flat and elongate round-tipped lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1334B6D6A24CFF82DABE67E49709FACB" box="[1250,1336,1274,1299]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 – 32" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1109,1132]" captionTargetBox="[339,1222,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[339,1248,195,1087]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 28 – 32. Nephrotoma flavescens, first instar larva: 28. Abdominal segment, dorsal view. 29. Dorsal abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 30. Ventral abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 31. Lateral abdominal setae (segments II – VII). 32. Spiracular field." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/228670/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="159">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral lobe is prominent, its length almost 1.5x the width at the base. It has two long stout apical bristles. Each bristle is almost six times as long as the lobe itself and about as long as one-third of the whole body. Three tufts of two short bristles each present on dorsal part. There are three tufts of long bristles above the spiracles. The innermost and outermost tufts consist of two bristles, the middle tuft consists of three bristles. Ventral lobes are almost as long as wide at the base. A tuft of four long bristles is on the apical part of lobe and a tuft of three slightly shorter bristles is on inner part; two tufts of two short bristles each present on the outer margin; a tuft of four bristles different in length and a single bristle are at the base of lobe. Both pairs of lobes are almost completely covered with large, wedge-shaped sclerites. Spiracles are large, oval and close to each other. Distance between them is almost the same as diameter of a spiracle itself.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0AA53A24CFF82DE9B657C934FF91B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1274,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B7641A24CFF82DE9B657C930CF9A3" box="[199,317,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="159">Anal field.</emphasis>
|
||
Anus is surrounded by four short, white and fleshy anal papillae. There are few long setae on anal segment (here and in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0FD1D0A24CFF82DF9A65989060F947" box="[454,593,1670,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Nephrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B7641A24CFF82DF9A65989060F947" box="[454,593,1670,1695]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="159">Nephrotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species below it was difficult to establish number and arrangement of setae due to preservation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB0AA53A24CFF82DE9B65D196BFF8D6" blockId="7.[151,1436,1274,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B7641A24CFF82DE9B65D1938DF93F" box="[199,444,1742,1767]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="159">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
26 egg-larvae from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0961DAA24CFF82DCE965D1912EF93F" box="[693,799,1742,1767]" pageId="7" pageNumber="159" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, female was captured in Lazdijai district,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3BCC94A24CFF82DB4465D097A9F93F" box="[1304,1432,1742,1767]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="159" precision="1" value="54.2408">N54.24080</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3BCC94A24CFF82DECB65EB9325F8D6" box="[151,276,1781,1806]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="159" precision="1" value="23.51548">E23.51548</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFB18C93A24CFF82DF4365E89391F8D6" box="[287,416,1782,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="159" value="2011-06-23">23 VI 2011</date>
|
||
, eggs were laid on
|
||
<date id="FFB18C93A24CFF82DC2B65E890C9F8D6" box="[631,760,1782,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="159" value="2011-06-24">24 VI 2011</date>
|
||
, egg-larvae hatched on
|
||
<date id="FFB18C93A24CFF82DA5E65E896BBF8D6" box="[1026,1162,1782,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="159" value="2011-07-17">17 VII 2011</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |