188 lines
22 KiB
XML
188 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="3582268ACF748319D9E5145319A06B65" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4803.2.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3909109" ID-ZooBank="325DB7EF-94F7-4726-BC18-7B074D3CB886" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1593158469765" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jones, Christian M., Driggers Iii, William B., Hannan, Kristin M., Hoffmayer, Eric R., Jones, Lisa M. & Raredon, Sandra J." docDate="2020" docId="0391567A667FFFCCFF0B05596A359BDA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4803.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4803 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Breviraja spinosa Bigelow and Schroeder 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="307" masterDocId="FFA82E026666FFD6FF9C0710685E9811" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyan fishes inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico Part 1: Batoidea" masterLastPageNumber="315" masterPageNumber="281" pageNumber="306" updateTime="1700277151863" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EB110ACD7EB5D17A92CE0BFBA07C1211">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyan fishes inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico Part 1: Batoidea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A980180DBA6AA2F9153F7AF7E2B76126">Jones, Christian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F8223A897C68E5AF059D34B3CD87D6FF">National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, 3209 Frederic Street, Pascagoula, Mississippi, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EA387F1CB0D087256D1C5799676F38A2">Driggers Iii, William B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A10ED4D78ADDF80968461C1819F892D3">Hannan, Kristin M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F5D8F2657FBD028C58DCEED0C432DA98">Riverside Technologies Inc., Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, 3209 Frederic Street, Pascagoula, Mississippi, U. S. A. kristin. hannan @ noaa. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2687 - 3331</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="141A360082EEE7606156FBBEC2398124">Hoffmayer, Eric R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="740BE0BB7C41C00344AFED618876C7A5">Jones, Lisa M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1707E78D805F921CF2E8191854D425CC">Raredon, Sandra J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="126088F95359371569E25D0B798AA428">Smithsonian Institution, Division of Fishes, Museum Support Center, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland, U. S. A. raredons @ si. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8295 - 6000</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="55C1C3203BD8E9170F02A275E5A2E84D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CBC4BF98DD7C9ADD48CACE716FA18ED9">
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<mods:date id="ACAF64E9C069D7D27D60BFC52EE1CD4B">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="10F68F4DEC3B5532836C0A60B7C685A6">2020-06-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8C04B211278CF2493DC9FDE6DA8287E5">4803</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D286F95DFD99D55CFD1F544797CE526F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4803.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="145DDF5D4347FB117C0274B0E043B5C5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="646685F18E113699E26E6B7EDF4265DA" type="Zenodo-Dep">3909109</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E7667FFFCFFF0B055969199AB4" pageId="25" pageNumber="306" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C667FFFCFFF0B05596BC29A75" blockId="25.[151,924,585,612]" box="[151,924,585,612]" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">
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<heading id="D0CF5000667FFFCFFF0B05596BC29A75" bold="true" box="[151,924,585,612]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="306" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667FFFCFFF0B05596BC29A75" bold="true" box="[151,924,585,612]" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF667FFFCFFF0B05596A849A72" authority="Bigelow and Schroeder, 1950" authorityName="Bigelow and Schroeder" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,730,585,612]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Breviraja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667FFFCFFF0B055969329A72" bold="true" box="[151,364,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">Breviraja spinosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D667FFFCFFEEF05596A849A72" author="Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C." box="[371,730,585,612]" pageId="25" pageNumber="306" pagination="385 - 408" refId="ref15548" refString="Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1950) New and little known cartilaginous fishes from the Atlantic. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 103 (7), 385 - 408, pls. 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1950">Bigelow and Schroeder, 1950</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—spinose skate
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C667FFFCFFF0B059E69199AB4" blockId="25.[151,327,654,678]" box="[151,327,654,678]" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">Synonyms: None</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E7667FFFCCFF0B05C36A1498EA" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="25" pageNumber="306" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C667FFFCFFF0B05C3696D9B6E" blockId="25.[151,1436,723,895]" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667FFFCFFF0B05C3696F9AFF" bold="true" box="[151,305,723,750]" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">Distribution.</emphasis>
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The single representative of this species from the region (USNM 222437,
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<figureCitation id="1303FBE9667FFFCFFBE505C46CB99AFE" box="[1145,1255,724,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1968,1993]" captionTargetBox="[219,1367,926,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[209,1377,916,1943]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 16. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) perspectives of a specimen of Breviraja spinosa (USNM 222437) proposed to have been collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Photographs by Sandra J. Raredon, USNM." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909145/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">Figure 16</figureCitation>
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) was reportedly collected south of Destin off the
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<collectingRegion id="49FC298E667FFFCFFD8905E86A389B03" box="[533,614,760,786]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">Florida</collectingRegion>
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panhandle at a depth of approximately
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<quantity id="4CC04A89667FFFCFFBAF05E86CDE9B02" box="[1075,1152,760,787]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="670.0">670 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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Trawl data from NMFS SEFSC suggests that this species occurs throughout the northern GOM, in depths as shallow as
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<specimenCount id="9D3E2CE5667FFFCFFB7F040C6D7B9B26" box="[1251,1317,796,823]" pageId="25" pageNumber="306" type="generic">
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<quantity id="4CC04A89667FFFCFFB7F040C6D7F9B26" box="[1251,1313,796,823]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="25" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="78.0">78 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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Generally accepted to occur off the east coast of the
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<collectingCountry id="F32FA7FC667FFFCFFDE604506AF29B4B" box="[634,684,832,858]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="49FC298E667FFFCFFD6F04506BC39B4B" box="[755,925,832,858]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
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to the
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<collectingRegion id="49FC298E667FFFCFFC7304506C1E9B4B" box="[1007,1088,832,858]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">Florida</collectingRegion>
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Straits in depths ranging from
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<quantity id="4CC04A89667FFFCFFF0B047369719B6E" box="[151,303,867,895]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.175" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="3.65" pageId="25" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="517.5" valueMax="670.0" valueMin="365.0">
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365 to
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<specimenCount id="9D3E2CE5667FFFCFFF79047469719B6E" box="[229,303,868,895]" pageId="25" pageNumber="306" type="generic">670 m</specimenCount>
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</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF47B7E4667FFFCFFF0B00A06C139FFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3909145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909145/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="306" startId="25.[151,250,1968,1993]" targetBox="[219,1367,926,1937]" targetPageId="25">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C667FFFCFFF0B00A06C139FFC" blockId="25.[151,1436,1968,2029]" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667FFFCFFF0B00A0697F9FD8" bold="true" box="[151,289,1968,1993]" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
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Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) perspectives of a specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF667FFFCFFCE600A16C719FD9" authorityName="Bigelow and Schroeder" authorityYear="1950" box="[890,1071,1969,1992]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Breviraja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667FFFCFFCE600A16C719FD9" box="[890,1071,1969,1992]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="306">Breviraja spinosa</emphasis>
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(USNM 222437) proposed to have been collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Photographs by Sandra J. Raredon, USNM.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C667CFFCCFF5B07886A1498EA" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667CFFCCFF5B0788698B98A2" bold="true" box="[199,469,152,179]" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">First Record in GOM.</emphasis>
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Although they do not include the northern GOM in their reported distribution of this species,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D667CFFCCFF6407AD6A2B98C6" author="McEachran, J. D. & Matheson, R. E." box="[248,629,188,215]" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" pagination="1035 - 1052" refId="ref18970" refString="McEachran, J. D. & Matheson, R. E. (1985) Polychromatism and polymorphism in Breviraja spinosa (Elasmobranchii, Rajiformes), with description of three new species. Copeia, 1985 (4), 1035 - 1052. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445259" type="journal article" year="1985">McEachran and Matheson (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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include specimen USNM 222437, and provide the associated location data, in their list of material examined.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E7667CFFCCFF5B06156A359BDA" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C667CFFCCFF5B06156B679BB6" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667CFFCCFF5B06156965990E" bold="true" box="[199,315,261,287]" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D667CFFCCFED806156A9E990E" author="McEachran, J. D. & Fechhelm, J. D." box="[324,704,261,287]" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" refId="ref19080" refString="McEachran, J. D. & Fechhelm, J. D. (1998) Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Vol. 1. Myxiniformes to Gasterosteiformes. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, 1120 pp." type="book" year="1998">McEachran and Fechhelm (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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include this species in their guide to the fishes of the GOM but specify that the data associated with the USNM specimen are questionable. This assessment was backed up by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D667CFFCCFF0B065D6A7A9976" author="McEachran, J. D. & Matheson, R. E." box="[151,548,332,359]" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" pagination="1035 - 1052" refId="ref18970" refString="McEachran, J. D. & Matheson, R. E. (1985) Polychromatism and polymorphism in Breviraja spinosa (Elasmobranchii, Rajiformes), with description of three new species. Copeia, 1985 (4), 1035 - 1052. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445259" type="journal article" year="1985">McEachran and Matheson’s (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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decision to exclude the northern GOM from the distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF667CFFCCFB67065E6D2F9976" authorityName="Bigelow and Schroeder" authorityYear="1950" box="[1275,1393,334,359]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Breviraja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667CFFCCFB67065E6D2F9976" box="[1275,1393,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">B. spinosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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despite including USNM
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<quantity id="4CC04A89667CFFCCFE0206616A51999A" box="[414,527,369,395]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6498998" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" unit="in" value="222437.0">222437 in</quantity>
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their material examined. If the specimen did, in fact, originate from the location proposed, it was not identified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF667CFFCCFD8C06866ADB99BE" authorityName="Bigelow and Schroeder" authorityYear="1950" box="[528,645,406,431]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Breviraja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667CFFCCFD8C06866ADB99BE" box="[528,645,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">B. spinosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the field as the original datasheets do not record that species among those captured (SEFSC, unpublished data). If the identification was changed upon arrival at the USNM, the reason for the change was not recorded. It is possible that the specimen was collected outside the GOM during a previous survey, conducted earlier in the same year off Central and South America, but that would again put the specimen outside the known range for the species. Several specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF667CFFCCFC3C05366C499A2E" authorityName="Bigelow and Schroeder" authorityYear="1950" box="[928,1047,550,575]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Breviraja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667CFFCCFC3C05366C499A2E" box="[928,1047,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">B. spinosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were collected during that survey but would later be designated a separate species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF667CFFCCFD5A055A6D129A72" authority="McEachran and Matheson, 1985" authorityName="McEachran and Matheson" authorityYear="1985" box="[710,1356,584,611]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Breviraja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventralis">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667CFFCCFD5A055A6B8F9A72" box="[710,977,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">Breviraja nigriventralis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D667CFFCCFC4605596D129A72" author="McEachran, J. D. & Matheson, R. E." box="[986,1356,584,611]" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" pagination="1035 - 1052" refId="ref18970" refString="McEachran, J. D. & Matheson, R. E. (1985) Polychromatism and polymorphism in Breviraja spinosa (Elasmobranchii, Rajiformes), with description of three new species. Copeia, 1985 (4), 1035 - 1052. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445259" type="journal article" year="1985">McEachran and Matheson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While USNM 222437 lacks any discernible markings (the specimen is either leucistic or has been bleached by preservation), its morphology and skeletal anatomy appear to match the description for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF667CFFCCFB8D05826CD89ABA" authorityName="Bigelow and Schroeder" authorityYear="1950" box="[1041,1158,658,683]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Breviraja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667CFFCCFB8D05826CD89ABA" box="[1041,1158,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">B. spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D667CFFCCFA87058169D79ADE" author="McEachran, J. D. & Matheson, R. E." pageId="26" pageNumber="307" pagination="1035 - 1052" refId="ref18970" refString="McEachran, J. D. & Matheson, R. E. (1985) Polychromatism and polymorphism in Breviraja spinosa (Elasmobranchii, Rajiformes), with description of three new species. Copeia, 1985 (4), 1035 - 1052. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1445259" type="journal article" year="1985">McEachran and Matheson (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Furthermore, between
|
||
<date id="FF86C1AC667CFFCCFD0C05A56B679ADE" box="[656,825,693,719]" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" value="1977" valueMax="2014">1977 and 2014</date>
|
||
, 39 individual skates collected by NMFS SEFSC trawl surveys have been identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF667CFFCCFD9B05CA6A209AE2" authorityName="Bigelow and Schroeder" authorityYear="1950" box="[519,638,730,755]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Breviraja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667CFFCCFD9B05CA6A209AE2" box="[519,638,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">B. spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the field. However, further examination of specimens deposited in research collections has revealed that all individuals originating from the northern GOM that were originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF667CFFCCFF75043269019B2A" authorityName="Bigelow and Schroeder" authorityYear="1950" box="[233,351,802,827]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Breviraja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667CFFCCFF75043269019B2A" box="[233,351,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">B. spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the exception of USNM 222437, were misidentified. Misidentifications appear to be common, with several species often identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF667CFFCCFD1204566B5D9B4E" authorityName="Bigelow and Schroeder" authorityYear="1950" box="[654,771,838,863]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Rajidae" genus="Breviraja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="307" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667CFFCCFD1204566B5D9B4E" box="[654,771,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">B. spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the field (C. Jones unpublished data). If the species does occur in the northern GOM it is extremely rare and if collected in the future, representative specimens should be deposited in research collections with accurate locality data.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87E76C667CFFCCFF5B04A06A359BDA" blockId="26.[151,1437,152,971]" box="[199,619,944,971]" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E667CFFCCFF5B04A0699E9BDA" bold="true" box="[199,448,944,971]" pageId="26" pageNumber="307">Conservation Status.</emphasis>
|
||
Data Deficient
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |