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<mods:title id="DFCDEAA9B898492431A2C6E258703106">Revision of Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 from tropical American seas (Annelida, Amphinomidae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF828CE7B7CEFDEAFF6E" ID-CoL="5Y989" authority="Chamberlin, 1919" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,565,151,178]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="entypa">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828CE7B7CEFDEAFF6E" bold="true" box="[151,565,151,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828CE7B7CEFE92FF6E" bold="true" box="[151,333,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Chloeia entypa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828D24B7CEFDEAFF6E" author="Chamberlin, R. V." box="[340,565,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref22122" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta of the Albatross Tropical Pacific Expedition, 1891 - 1905. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514." type="journal article" year="1919">Chamberlin, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C322DFC52813FF828CE7B7E2FF06FF0A" box="[151,217,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CE7B7E2FF06FF0A" blockId="8.[151,565,151,213]" box="[151,217,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<figureCitation id="130390CB2813FF828CE7B7E2FF06FF0A" box="[151,217,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chloeia entypa Chamberlin, 1919. A. Holotype (USNM 19346), ventral view; B. Prostomium and caruncle (Li: lips; MA: median antenna; ML: medial lobe; Pa: palps; PA: paired antenna). C. Neurochaeta from first chaetiger. D. Neurochaeta from chaetiger 10. E. Notochaeta from first chaetiger. F. Notochaeta from chaetiger 10. G. Holotype and original label (photo: Elizabeth Borda). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 0.3 mm; C, D, 5 μm; E, 2 μm; F, 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479995/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A99AA5F2813FF828CE7B659FDC7FEC7" author="Chamberlin, R. V." box="[151,536,256,280]" page="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" year="1919">
<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF828CE7B659FDC7FEC7" ID-CoL="5Y989" authority="Chamberlin, 1919: 30" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,536,256,280]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="entypa">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828CE7B659FEEDFEC8" box="[151,306,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Chloeia entypa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828D48B659FDC7FEC7" author="Chamberlin, R. V." box="[312,536,256,280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref22122" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta of the Albatross Tropical Pacific Expedition, 1891 - 1905. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514." type="journal article" year="1919">Chamberlin, 1919: 30</bibRefCitation>
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, Pl. 13,
<figureCitation id="130390CB2813FF828E1AB659FD75FEC8" box="[618,682,256,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,453,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-134@14.[151,1436,453,1579]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chloeia nuriae sp. n., holotype (EMU 13145). A. Dorsal view, recently collected. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Prostomium and caruncle. D. Neurochaeta from first chaetiger. E. Neurochaeta from same chaetiger 10. F. Notochaetae from first chaetiger. G. Notochaeta from chaetiger 10. H. Pigmentation pattern from median segments. I. Posterior end with cirriform lobes. A, DI. Holotype; B, C. Paratypes (ADC: accessory cirriform branchiae, Br: bipinnate branchiae, DC: dorsal cirri, Li: lips, LL: lateral lobes, MA: median antenna, ML: median lobe, Pa: palps, PA: paired antennae). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, C, 1 mm; D, 20 μm; E, 15 μm; F, G, 50 μm; H, 2 mm; I, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6480003/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Figs 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130390CB2813FF828EC5B659FD1BFEC7" box="[693,708,256,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1156,1180]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,345,1133]" captionTargetId="figure-97@16.[152,1436,345,1133]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Chloeia paulayi sp. n. A. Holotype (UF 493), dorsal view, depressed by glass slide, after Methyl Green staining. B. Same, anterior region, dorsal view. C. Same, left lateral view. D. Same, ventral view. E. Paratype (UF 493b), anterior region, dorsal view. F. Same, close-up of anterior end. Scale bars: A, E 2.2 mm; B, F, 1.3 mm; C, 0.9 mm; D, 1.8 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6480005/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">8</figureCitation>
; Pl. 14,
<figureCitation id="130390CB2813FF828F67B659FC89FEC7" box="[791,854,256,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,420,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-88@2.[151,1436,417,1875]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Living specimens of Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 from tropical American seas. A. Chloeia euglochis Ehlers, 1887, non-relaxed. B. Chloeia pinnata Moore, 1911, relaxed. C. Chloeia pseudeuglochis Augener, 1922, relaxed. D. Chloeia viridis Schmarda, 1861, non-relaxed (Photos: A, Paul Humann; B, Greg Rouse; C, Art Anker; D. Jean-Michel Sutour)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479989/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130390CB2813FF828F12B659FCAEFEC7" box="[866,881,256,280]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1526,1550]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,347,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-108@4.[151,1436,345,1502]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Chloeia pinnata Moore, 1911, non-type specimens (LACM 992-39), epitokes, anterior end after cropping chaetae of right parapodia of chaetigers 13, after Methyl Green staining for caruncle.A. Smallest specimen (11 mm long), dorsal view. B. Same, lateral view. C. Same, after Metyhl Green staining. D. Medium-sized specimen (18 mm long), dorsal view. E. Same, lateral view. F. Same, after Methyl Green staining. G. Largest specimen (23 mm long), dorsal view. H. Same, lateral view. I. Same, after Methyl green. Scale bars: A, 0.25 mm; B, 0.33 mm; C, 0.26 mm; D, G, 0.29; E, 0.44 mm; F, 0.35 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479993/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">2</figureCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CE7B61FFCADFE5B" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828CE7B61FFE94FE80" bold="true" box="[151,331,325,352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5086132813FF828D28B61FFCADFE5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3757330309" collectingDate="1891-04-11" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="V Albatross &amp; Sta." country="Mexico" elevation="1207" latitude="16.516666" location="Eastern Pacific." longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="-99.86667" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" specimenCode="USNM 19346" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guerrero" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="548332EC2813FF828E6CB61FFD5BFEBF" box="[540,644,326,352]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
[
<specimenCode id="DB9E24352813FF828EE7B61FFC9BFEBF" box="[663,836,325,352]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" type="Museum">USNM 19346</specimenCode>
], off
<collectingCountry id="F32FCCDE2813FF828FFAB61FFC3DFEBF" box="[906,994,326,352]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, between
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and
<collectingRegion id="49FC42AC2813FF828976B61FFA82FEBF" box="[1286,1373,326,352]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
, R/
<collectorName id="26CDE9982813FF8289F9B61FFEDAFE5B" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">V Albatross</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26CDE9982813FF828D61B633FEE3FE5B" box="[273,316,362,388]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Sta.</collectorName>
3418 (
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,
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),
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFC253662813FF828EAAB633FCB1FE5B" box="[730,878,362,388]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" value="1891-04-11">11 Apr. 1891</collectingDate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CB7B6D4FACDFE13" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828CB7B6D4FE9DFE78" bold="true" box="[199,322,397,423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF828D3BB6D7FE7BFE77" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1818" box="[331,420,398,424]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828D3BB6D7FE7BFE77" box="[331,420,398,424]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Chloeia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with dorsum colorless; caruncle rectangular, pale; bipinnate branchiae from chaetiger 4; ventral cirri of chaetiger 2 markedly longer than following ones; chaetal bundles homogeneously pale.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322DFC52813FF828CB7B68CFD96FC1B" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CB7B68CFB59FDCB" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828CB7B68CFE86FE30" bold="true" box="[199,345,469,495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Description.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="548332EC2813FF828D14B68FFE13FE2F" box="[356,460,470,496]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
complete; body fusiform, pale (
<figureCitation id="130390CB2813FF828F37B68FFC7AFE2F" box="[839,933,470,496]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chloeia entypa Chamberlin, 1919. A. Holotype (USNM 19346), ventral view; B. Prostomium and caruncle (Li: lips; MA: median antenna; ML: medial lobe; Pa: palps; PA: paired antenna). C. Neurochaeta from first chaetiger. D. Neurochaeta from chaetiger 10. E. Notochaeta from first chaetiger. F. Notochaeta from chaetiger 10. G. Holotype and original label (photo: Elizabeth Borda). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 0.3 mm; C, D, 5 μm; E, 2 μm; F, 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479995/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
),
<quantity id="4CC021AB2813FF828FCDB68FFBDDFE2F" box="[957,1026,470,496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CC021AB2813FF828820B68FFB75FE2F" box="[1104,1194,470,496]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
wide, 22 chaetigers. Remaining pigmentation includes a dark region on buccal lips in front of lateral antennae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CB7B547FEC5FD7B" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
Prostomium semicircular with four red eyes, anterior eyes 5× larger than posterior ones (
<figureCitation id="130390CB2813FF8288BDB547FAF8FDE7" box="[1229,1319,542,568]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chloeia entypa Chamberlin, 1919. A. Holotype (USNM 19346), ventral view; B. Prostomium and caruncle (Li: lips; MA: median antenna; ML: medial lobe; Pa: palps; PA: paired antenna). C. Neurochaeta from first chaetiger. D. Neurochaeta from chaetiger 10. E. Notochaeta from first chaetiger. F. Notochaeta from chaetiger 10. G. Holotype and original label (photo: Elizabeth Borda). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 0.3 mm; C, D, 5 μm; E, 2 μm; F, 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479995/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Anterior prostomial area blackish. All antennae of similar size, median antenna arising from anterior margin of caruncle (
<quantity id="4CC021AB2813FF828CEFB53FFF27FD5F" box="[159,248,614,640]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
long). Palps inserted laterally on buccal lips, slightly shorter than antennae (
<quantity id="4CC021AB2813FF828815B53FFB1DFD5F" box="[1125,1218,614,641]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
). Mouth ventral on chaetiger 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CB7B5F7FDA9FCCF" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
Caruncle colorless, oblong (
<quantity id="4CC021AB2813FF828E72B5F7FD86FD17" box="[514,601,686,712]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CC021AB2813FF828EEFB5F7FD2AFD17" box="[671,757,686,712]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
wide). Median lobe elevated with about seven folds. Lateral lobes narrow, each with seven folds, without pigmentation, hidden by median lobe (
<figureCitation id="130390CB2813FF82883DB58BFB7AFD33" box="[1101,1189,722,748]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chloeia entypa Chamberlin, 1919. A. Holotype (USNM 19346), ventral view; B. Prostomium and caruncle (Li: lips; MA: median antenna; ML: medial lobe; Pa: palps; PA: paired antenna). C. Neurochaeta from first chaetiger. D. Neurochaeta from chaetiger 10. E. Notochaeta from first chaetiger. F. Notochaeta from chaetiger 10. G. Holotype and original label (photo: Elizabeth Borda). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 0.3 mm; C, D, 5 μm; E, 2 μm; F, 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479995/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Bipinnate branchiae from chaetiger 4, present throughout body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CB7B443FCB5FC87" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
Parapodia biramous. Notopodia with single cirri; cirriform branchiae along chaetigers 13. Second ventral cirri (
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long) about 3× longer than following ones (
<quantity id="4CC021AB2813FF828EA3B467FC82FC87" box="[723,861,830,856]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1 to 1.2 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CB7B43BFCABFC7F" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
All chaetae furcates (
<figureCitation id="130390CB2813FF828DC1B43BFDF8FCA3" box="[433,551,866,892]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chloeia entypa Chamberlin, 1919. A. Holotype (USNM 19346), ventral view; B. Prostomium and caruncle (Li: lips; MA: median antenna; ML: medial lobe; Pa: palps; PA: paired antenna). C. Neurochaeta from first chaetiger. D. Neurochaeta from chaetiger 10. E. Notochaeta from first chaetiger. F. Notochaeta from chaetiger 10. G. Holotype and original label (photo: Elizabeth Borda). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 0.3 mm; C, D, 5 μm; E, 2 μm; F, 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479995/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Fig. 3CF</figureCitation>
). Notochaetae longer and wider than neurochaetae. Length proportions between chaetal tines vary from 1:
<quantity id="4CC021AB2813FF828DC2B4DFFE3FFC7F" box="[434,480,902,928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
notochaetae to 1:
<quantity id="4CC021AB2813FF828ED2B4DFFD0EFC7F" box="[674,721,902,929]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
neurochaetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CE7B4F3FD96FC1B" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" box="[151,585,938,964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Anus dorso-terminal in last chaetigers.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322DFC52813FF828CB7B497FA86F86B" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CB7B497FBC1FB43" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828CB7B497FEE4FC37" bold="true" box="[199,315,974,1000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Remarks.</emphasis>
The original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF828E03B497FD01FC37" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[627,734,974,1000]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="entypa">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828E03B497FD01FC37" box="[627,734,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">C. entypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not indicate the start of branchiae, and the relative size of the second ventral cirri.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828DD7B4ABFD4FFBD3" author="Chamberlin, R. V." box="[423,656,1010,1036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref22122" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta of the Albatross Tropical Pacific Expedition, 1891 - 1905. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514." type="journal article" year="1919">Chamberlins (1919)</bibRefCitation>
illustrations show a serrated edge in the notochaetae; however, in the
<typeStatus id="548332EC2813FF828CE7B34FFF26FBEF" box="[151,249,1046,1072]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
no serrated edges were observed in median notochaetae. Additionally, the dark violet pigmentation of the dorsal cirri is now lost.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828DD5B363FD77FB8B" author="Chamberlin, R. V." box="[421,680,1082,1108]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref22122" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta of the Albatross Tropical Pacific Expedition, 1891 - 1905. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514." type="journal article" year="1919">Chamberlin (1919: 31)</bibRefCitation>
noted that the depth was exceptional for the genus but the locality depth data was mistakenly listed as 66 fm (
<quantity id="4CC021AB2813FF828E0FB307FD17FBA7" box="[639,712,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" unit="m" value="121.0">121 m</quantity>
) instead of 660 fm (
<quantity id="4CC021AB2813FF828FDEB307FBD7FBA7" box="[942,1032,1118,1144]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.207" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" unit="m" value="1207.0">1207 m</quantity>
), the correct sampling depth, as can be confirmed in Townsend (1900: 465), and also indicated in the label (
<figureCitation id="130390CB2813FF828FC7B3DBFBCEFB43" box="[951,1041,1154,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1747,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1724]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chloeia entypa Chamberlin, 1919. A. Holotype (USNM 19346), ventral view; B. Prostomium and caruncle (Li: lips; MA: median antenna; ML: medial lobe; Pa: palps; PA: paired antenna). C. Neurochaeta from first chaetiger. D. Neurochaeta from chaetiger 10. E. Notochaeta from first chaetiger. F. Notochaeta from chaetiger 10. G. Holotype and original label (photo: Elizabeth Borda). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 0.3 mm; C, D, 5 μm; E, 2 μm; F, 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6479995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6479995/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CB7B3FFFD4CF9F7" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828CB7B3FFFE5DFB1F" author="Hartman, O." box="[199,386,1190,1216]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="173 - 287" refId="ref23464" refString="Hartman, O. (1940) Polychaetous annelids, 2. Chrysopetalidae to Goniadidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 7, 173 - 287." type="journal article" year="1940">Hartman (1940)</bibRefCitation>
, through the examination of six shallow water samples from
<collectingCountry id="F32FCCDE2813FF82882EB3FFFB64FB1F" box="[1118,1211,1190,1216]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(1),
<collectingCountry id="F32FCCDE2813FF82888AB3FFFAB7FB1F" box="[1274,1384,1190,1216]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(2),
<collectingCountry id="F32FCCDE2813FF828CE7B393FF2FFB3B" box="[151,240,1226,1252]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Panamá</collectingCountry>
(1) and California (2), characterized this species as having a dorsal reddish-brown, continuous stripe, and emphasized the dark purple dorsal cirri. The violet pigmentation in dorsal cirri is a shared feature among several species of the genus but the dorsal stripe pointed out by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828F7EB24BFC1EFAF3" author="Hartman, O." box="[782,961,1298,1324]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="173 - 287" refId="ref23464" refString="Hartman, O. (1940) Polychaetous annelids, 2. Chrysopetalidae to Goniadidae. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 7, 173 - 287." type="journal article" year="1940">Hartman (1940)</bibRefCitation>
was not mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF8288B6B24BFA43FAF3" author="Chamberlin, R. V." box="[1222,1436,1298,1324]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 514" refId="ref22122" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. (1919) The Annelida Polychaeta of the Albatross Tropical Pacific Expedition, 1891 - 1905. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 48, 1 - 514." type="journal article" year="1919">Chamberlin (1919)</bibRefCitation>
in the original description. The specimens that Hartman studied had been collected up to five years before her publication, whereas Chamberlins specimens were collected about 30 years before he studied them. Pigmentation might fade off after such a long time in ethanol. However, the dorsal stripe is a reliable diagnostic feature used to characterize specimens from different habitats, and, on the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF828FC3B2FBFBC0FA63" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[947,1055,1442,1468]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="entypa">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828FC3B2FBFBC0FA63" box="[947,1055,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">C. entypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded as an intertidal species from California to
<collectingCountry id="F32FCCDE2813FF828DBDB29FFDF5FA3F" box="[461,554,1478,1504]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(Kudenov 1975;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828E87B29FFCA6FA3F" author="Dean, H. K." box="[759,889,1478,1504]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="131 - 181" refId="ref22444" refString="Dean, H. K. (2004) Marine biodiversity of Costa Rica: Class Polychaeta (Annelida). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 52, 131 - 181." type="journal article" year="2004">Dean 2004</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF828875B29FFBACFA3F" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[1029,1139,1478,1504]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="entypa">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828875B29FFBACFA3F" box="[1029,1139,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">C. entypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from deep water sediments and probably lacks such dorsal stripe, but it has not been found again in large-scale dredging cruises in the region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828D43B157FE01F9F7" author="Fauchald, K." box="[307,478,1550,1576]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 575" refId="ref22723" refString="Fauchald, K. (1972) Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep water off Western Mexico and adjacent areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology, 7, 1 - 575." type="journal article" year="1972">Fauchald 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828D99B157FD57F9F7" author="Mendez, N." box="[489,648,1550,1576]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="605 - 622" refId="ref24390" refString="Mendez, N. (2007) Relationships between deep-water polychaete fauna and environmental factors in the southeastern Gulf of California, Mexico. Scientia Marina, 71, 605 - 622. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2007.71 n 3605" type="journal article" year="2007">Méndez 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CB7B16BFD41F8FA" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828CB7B16BFE5DF992" author="Kudenov, J. D." box="[199,386,1586,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="207 - 215" refId="ref24136" refString="Kudenov, J. D. (1995) Family Amphinomidae Lamarck, 1818. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Vol. 5. The Annelida. Part 2. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 207 - 215." type="book chapter" year="1995">Kudenov (1995)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that this species could be a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF82886FB16BFB47F993" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1911" box="[1055,1176,1586,1612]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF82886FB16BFB47F993" box="[1055,1176,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">C. pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="49FC42AC2813FF828891B16BFA8AF993" box="[1249,1365,1586,1612]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">California</collectingRegion>
, since both share violet pigmentation in dorsal cirri and the second ventral cirri is larger than the others; nevertheless, they have differences in the first appearance of branchiae, in chaetal features, and in dorsal pigmentation pattern (
<tableCitation id="C6BAB9F52813FF82892DB123FF7BF967" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="28.[151,239,499,525]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological characters of species of Chloeia species included in this study. Characters were taken from original descriptions or observed in type or non-type material." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF47DCC62807FF968CE7B6AAFF29FDEE" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" tableUuid="DF47DCC62807FF968CE7B6AAFF29FDEE">Table 1</tableCitation>
). We disagree and think that these shallow water records might belong to a different species, whose abundance does not match the high numbers of
<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF828E40B19BFD78F903" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1911" box="[560,679,1730,1756]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828E40B19BFD78F903" box="[560,679,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">C. pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
off Southern
<collectingRegion id="49FC42AC2813FF828F31B19BFC6CF903" box="[833,947,1730,1756]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">California</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828FB1B19BFBB8F903" author="Hartman, O." box="[961,1127,1730,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="1 - 193" refId="ref23626" refString="Hartman, O. (1963) Submarine canyons of Southern California, 3. Systematics: Polychaetes. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 27, 1 - 193." type="journal article" year="1963">Hartman 1963</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828803B19BFA4FF903" author="Jones, G. F. &amp; Thompson, B. E." box="[1139,1424,1730,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="122 - 131" refId="ref23890" refString="Jones, G. F. &amp; Thompson, B. E. (1988 [1987]) The distribution and abundance of Chloeia pinnata Moore, 1911 (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) on the southern California borderland. Pacific Science, 41, 122 - 131." type="journal article" year="1988">Jones &amp; Thompson 1988</bibRefCitation>
). Consequently, in so far as these records can be assessed after their descriptions or illustrations, they could be regarded as
<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF828D6EB053FE18F8FB" authority="Yáñez-Rivera &amp; Salazar-Vallejo, 2022" authorityName="Yáñez-Rivera &amp; Salazar-Vallejo" authorityYear="2022" box="[286,455,1802,1828]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nuriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828D6EB053FE18F8FB" box="[286,455,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Chloeia nuriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27FED272813FF828DBEB053FDD2F8FB" box="[462,525,1802,1828]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828DBEB053FDD8F8FB" bold="true" box="[462,519,1802,1828]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CB7B077FA86F86B" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
On the other hand,
<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF828DD7B077FDCAF897" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[423,533,1838,1864]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="entypa">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828DD7B077FDCAF897" box="[423,533,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">C. entypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF828EE7B077FBF0F897" authority="Barroso &amp; Paiva, 2011" authorityName="Barroso &amp; Paiva" authorityYear="2011" box="[663,1071,1838,1864]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828EE7B077FCC0F897" box="[663,799,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">C. kudenovi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F1BF2813FF828F58B077FBF0F897" author="Barroso, R. &amp; Paiva, P. C." box="[808,1071,1838,1864]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" pagination="419 - 423" refId="ref21403" refString="Barroso, R. &amp; Paiva, P. C. (2011) A new deep-sea species of Chloeia (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) from southern Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91, 419 - 423. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315410001499" type="journal article" year="2011">Barroso &amp; Paiva, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32FCCDE2813FF828808B077FB1FF897" box="[1144,1216,1838,1864]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Both species were found in deep waters, they lack dorsal pigmentation patterns, have larger second ventral cirri, and their furcates are smooth. However, the position of the mouth in
<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF828ED3B02FFCF7F84F" authorityName="Barroso &amp; Paiva" authorityYear="2011" box="[675,808,1910,1936]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kudenovi">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828ED3B02FFCF7F84F" box="[675,808,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">C. kudenovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is on chaetiger 2, dorsal cirri lack pigmentation, and has dark purple eyes, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C38F7CD2813FF828DAEB0C3FD96F86B" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1919" box="[478,585,1946,1972]" class="Polychaeta" family="Amphinomidae" genus="Chloeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphinomida" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="entypa">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828DAEB0C3FD96F86B" box="[478,585,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">C. entypa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the mouth is on chaetiger 3, has deep violet dorsal cirri, and red eyes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C322DFC52813FF828CB7B0E4FAAAF807" box="[199,1397,1981,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B878C4E2813FF828CB7B0E4FAAAF807" blockId="8.[151,1437,325,2008]" box="[199,1397,1981,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B94C505C2813FF828CB7B0E4FEBEF808" bold="true" box="[199,353,1981,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from the
<typeStatus id="548332EC2813FF828E10B0E7FD4FF807" box="[608,656,1982,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">type</typeStatus>
locality off Western
<collectingRegion id="49FC42AC2813FF828F0BB0E7FC0CF807" box="[891,979,1982,2008]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="511">Mexico</collectingRegion>
, in sediments at
<quantity id="4CC021AB2813FF8288FEB0E7FB3CF807" box="[1166,1251,1982,2008]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="511" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
water depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>