574 lines
221 KiB
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574 lines
221 KiB
XML
<document id="A1427F0DA30D440B055EDC876BBEF8C2" ID-CLB-Dataset="54185" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2023.2206586" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c1c0e6b1-13f2-44b3-beca-d3c70a856927" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8071692" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1687329999671" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ghaffar, Abdul, Bai, Yang & Hu, Xiaozhong" docDate="2023" docId="03911A0725727D4F1969FF7DFC5CEBC2" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.57.9-12.724-743.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History (Oxford, England) 57 (9 - 12)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2206586" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Uncinata bradburyae" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="736" masterDocId="FFA8627F25757D411858FF97FFD5EB2F" masterDocTitle="First record of two urotsylid ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Japan expanding the circumscription of species" masterLastPageNumber="743" masterPageNumber="724" pageNumber="731" updateTime="1687458825590" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7E6A6E9E419BAC49F2195E089225339E">First record of two urotsylid ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Japan expanding the circumscription of species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8588D7A7CED5963423B8BB8F792ED525">Ghaffar, Abdul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B09884712591E1854D7F5CEC45144002">Bai, Yang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8F2BB937261AE47624F0D02B160AE45">Hu, Xiaozhong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F99F95B0B79F097E5FF4257B805229F0">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="23ADA327A37FDCB9CB55806B9BFA420C">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B3D31E5658D560CA42ED1C0311A716CB">2023-06-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6EA14518EF4306030D7A79F192E7237B">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<heading id="D0CF1C7D25727D461969FF7DFC27EA2A" box="[305,1010,234,261]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="731" reason="5">
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<subSubSection id="C322F89A25727D461969FF7DFCF8EA2A" box="[305,813,234,261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="731" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B87AB1125727D461969FF7DFCF8EA2A" blockId="7.[305,1010,234,261]" box="[305,813,234,261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">
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<taxonomicName id="4C38D09225727D461969FF7DFCF8EA2A" authority="(Gong et al., 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Gong" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[305,813,234,261]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Urostylidae" genus="Uncinata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Urostylida" pageId="7" pageNumber="731" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bradburyae">
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<emphasis id="B94C770325727D461969FF7DFD97EA2A" bold="true" box="[305,578,234,261]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">Uncinata bradburyae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9D6E025727D461A09FF7DFCF0EA2A" author="Gong J & Song W & Hu X & Ma H & Zhu M" box="[593,805,234,261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="731" pagination="63 - 69" refId="ref9406" refString="Gong J, Song W, Hu X, Ma H, Zhu M. 2001. Morphology and infraciliature of Holosticha bradburyae n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) from the Yellow Sea, China. Hydrobiologia. 464: 63 - 69. doi: 10.1023 / A: 1013901621439." type="journal article" year="2001">Gong et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C322F89A25727D461B6DFF7DFC27EA2A" box="[821,1010,234,261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="731" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B87AB1125727D461B6DFF7DFC27EA2A" blockId="7.[305,1010,234,261]" box="[821,1010,234,261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9D6E025727D461B6DFF7DFC27EA2A" author="Luo X & Gao F & Al-Rasheid KAS & Warren A & Hu X & Song W" box="[821,1010,234,261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="731" pagination="455 - 471" refId="ref10683" refString="Luo X, Gao F, Al-Rasheid KAS, Warren A, Hu X, Song W. 2015. Redefinition of the hypotrichous ciliate Uncinata, with descriptions of the morphology and phylogeny of three urostylids (Protista, Ciliophora). Syst Biodivers. 13: 455 - 471. doi: 10.1080 / 14772000.2015.1046967" type="journal article" year="2015">Luo et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C322F89A25727D4B18F8FEDEFBFAE945" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="734" pageId="7" pageNumber="731" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B87AB1125727D4618F8FEDEFDF8EA4C" blockId="7.[160,1156,329,736]" box="[160,557,329,355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">
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<emphasis id="B94C770325727D4618F8FEDEFDF8EA4C" bold="true" box="[160,557,329,355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">
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Description (
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<figureCitation id="1303B79425727D46196EFEDEFE77EA4C" box="[310,418,329,355]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1303B79425727D4619E9FEDEFE15EA4C" box="[433,448,329,355]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6BA9EAA25727D461996FEDEFDF0EA4C" box="[462,549,329,355]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[160,217,142,165]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric characteristics of Uncinata bradburyae. Data based on protargol-stained specimens. Measurements in μm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF47FB99257D7D4918F8FF19FE3EEBED" pageId="7" pageNumber="731" tableUuid="DF47FB99257D7D4918F8FF19FE3EEBED">Table 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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Cell size in vivo quite variable, 160–340 × 40–70 μm, mostly 240 × 45 μm; ratio of length to width about 4–7:1; body flexible and contractile, shape generally elongated fusiform and somewhat sigmoidal (
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<figureCitation id="1303B79425727D4619CDFE25FDDFEAE4" box="[405,522,434,459]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">Figures 3A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1303B79425727D461A4FFE25FD84EAE4" box="[535,593,434,459]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">5A–C</figureCitation>
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). Anterior end broad, round, often slightly bent to left, with anterior-left margin slightly snout-like (
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<figureCitation id="1303B79425727D461AEFFE43FCF9EAC2" box="[695,812,468,493]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">Figures 3A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1303B79425727D461B61FE43FCA7EAC2" box="[825,882,468,493]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">5A, C</figureCitation>
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); posterior end narrowly round and spoon-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425727D4619C3FE60FDF3E93F" box="[411,550,503,528]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">Figures 5B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsoventrally flattened, ventral side flat while dorsal side vaulted at mid-body. Two kinds of cortical granules: one is smaller pigments (0.5–1 μm in diameter), yellowish, irregularly arranged subpellicularly, which render cells brownish to yellowish at low magnification (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425727D461A59FDC8FDBCE957" box="[513,617,607,632]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">Figure 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
); the other is larger, 1–1.5 μm across, colourless, discoid with central depression (erythrocyte-shaped), densely arranged underneath cortex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425727D4618FFFD33FED8E992" box="[167,269,676,701]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">Figure 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is very likely a kind of extrusome because in protargol-stained specimens they are often ejected with a hair-like process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425727D461AE8FD50FCC8E9CF" box="[688,797,711,736]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">Figure 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The former will burst over live observation or fade during cultivation. Food vacuoles variable in size, often containing diatoms, located at middle portion of cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491AC5FC10FCDEE88F" box="[669,779,903,928]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figure 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows). No contractile vacuole observed. Macronuclear nodules numerous, each ovoidal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491B43FC3EFC7FE8ED" box="[795,938,937,962]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figures 3B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491BECFC3EFC2CE8ED" box="[948,1017,937,962]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">5G, I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
), distributed circumferentially, which can be recognised even in live observation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491B86FC5BFBA3E8CA" box="[990,1142,972,997]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figure 5A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Replication bands of DNA visible in interphasic cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491AA3FC78FCB3EF27" box="[763,870,1007,1032]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figure 5K</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowheads). Movement moderately fast, crawling on substrate, and always jerking back and forth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF47FB9925727D4618F8FA14FDA9ED90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="731" startId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" targetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB1125727D4618F8FA14FDA9ED90" blockId="7.[160,1157,1411,1727]" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C770325727D4618F8FA14FED5EEB5" bold="true" box="[160,256,1411,1434]" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38D09225727D4619F7FA14FD54EEB5" box="[431,641,1411,1434]" class="Hypotrichea" genus="Uncinata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Urostylida" pageId="7" pageNumber="731" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bradburyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C770325727D4619F7FA14FD54EEB5" box="[431,641,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="731">Uncinata bradburyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF47FB99257D7D4918F8FF19FE3EEBED" ID-Table-UUID="DF47FB99257D7D4918F8FF19FE3EEBED" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF47FB99257D7D4918F8FF19FE3EEBED" pageId="8" pageNumber="732" startId="8.[160,217,142,165]" targetBox="[171,1144,207,739]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB11257D7D4918F8FF19FE3EEBED" blockId="8.[160,1156,142,194]" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C7703257D7D4918F8FF19FF23EB8A" bold="true" box="[160,246,142,165]" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38D092257D7D491A09FF19FCF7EB8A" box="[593,802,142,165]" class="Hypotrichea" genus="Uncinata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Urostylida" pageId="8" pageNumber="732" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bradburyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C7703257D7D491A09FF19FCF7EB8A" box="[593,802,142,165]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Uncinata bradburyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data based on protargol-stained specimens. Measurements in μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB11257D7D4918F3FF58FBADE9CC" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<table id="F93859B1257D82BE18F3FF58FBADE9CC" box="[171,1144,207,739]" gridcols="8" gridrows="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FF58FBADEBCC" box="[171,1144,207,227]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FF58FE33EBCC" box="[171,486,207,227]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FF58FD95EBCC" box="[545,576,207,227]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Min</th>
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FF58FD4BEBCC" box="[636,670,207,227]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Max</th>
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FF58FCD2EBCC" box="[729,775,207,227]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFF58FCBAEBCC" box="[834,879,207,227]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">SD</th>
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FF58FC19EBCC" box="[937,972,207,227]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">SE</th>
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFF58FBFFEBCC" box="[1031,1066,207,227]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">CV</th>
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFF58FBADEBCC" box="[1124,1144,207,227]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">n</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FF78FBADEA2C" box="[171,1144,239,259]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FF78FE33EA2C" box="[171,486,239,259]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Body length</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FF78FD95EA2C" box="[545,576,239,259]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">140</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FF78FD4BEA2C" box="[636,670,239,259]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">300</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FF78FCD2EA2C" box="[729,775,239,259]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">205.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFF78FCBAEA2C" box="[834,879,239,259]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">39.75</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FF78FC19EA2C" box="[937,972,239,259]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">7.95</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFF78FBFFEA2C" box="[1031,1066,239,259]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">19.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFF78FBADEA2C" box="[1124,1144,239,259]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">25</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FE90FBADEA34" box="[171,1144,263,283]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FE90FE33EA34" box="[171,486,263,283]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Body width</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FE90FD95EA34" box="[545,576,263,283]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">40</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FE90FD4BEA34" box="[636,670,263,283]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">95</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FE90FCD2EA34" box="[729,775,263,283]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">60.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFE90FCBAEA34" box="[834,879,263,283]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">16.64</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FE90FC19EA34" box="[937,972,263,283]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">3.63</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFE90FBFFEA34" box="[1031,1066,263,283]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">27.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFE90FBADEA34" box="[1124,1144,263,283]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FE88FBADEA1C" box="[171,1144,287,307]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FE88FE33EA1C" box="[171,486,287,307]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Buccal field, length</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FE88FD95EA1C" box="[545,576,287,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">52</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FE88FD4BEA1C" box="[636,670,287,307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">91</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FE88FCD2EA1C" box="[729,775,287,307]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">73.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFE88FCBAEA1C" box="[834,879,287,307]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">12.10</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FE88FC19EA1C" box="[937,972,287,307]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">2.64</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFE88FBFFEA1C" box="[1031,1066,287,307]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">16.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFE88FBADEA1C" box="[1124,1144,287,307]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FEA0FBADEA64" box="[171,1144,311,331]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FEA0FE33EA64" box="[171,486,311,331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Frontal adoral membranelles, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FEA0FD95EA64" box="[545,576,311,331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">21</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FEA0FD4BEA64" box="[636,670,311,331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">34</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FEA0FCD2EA64" box="[729,775,311,331]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">27.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFEA0FCBAEA64" box="[834,879,311,331]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">3.14</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FEA0FC19EA64" box="[937,972,311,331]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0.67</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFEA0FBFFEA64" box="[1031,1066,311,331]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">11.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFEA0FBADEA64" box="[1124,1144,311,331]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">22</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FED8FBADEA4C" box="[171,1144,335,355]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FED8FE33EA4C" box="[171,486,335,355]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Ventral adoral membranelles, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FED8FD95EA4C" box="[545,576,335,355]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">18</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FED8FD4BEA4C" box="[636,670,335,355]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">34</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FED8FCD2EA4C" box="[729,775,335,355]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">26.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFED8FCBAEA4C" box="[834,879,335,355]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">4.19</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FED8FC19EA4C" box="[937,972,335,355]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0.94</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFED8FBFFEA4C" box="[1031,1066,335,355]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">15.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFED8FBADEA4C" box="[1124,1144,335,355]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FEF0FBADEA54" box="[171,1144,359,379]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FEF0FE33EA54" box="[171,486,359,379]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Elongate membranelles, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FEF0FD95EA54" box="[545,576,359,379]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FEF0FD4BEA54" box="[636,670,359,379]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FEF0FCD2EA54" box="[729,775,359,379]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFEF0FCBAEA54" box="[834,879,359,379]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0.79</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FEF0FC19EA54" box="[937,972,359,379]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0.18</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFEF0FBFFEA54" box="[1031,1066,359,379]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">25.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFEF0FBADEA54" box="[1124,1144,359,379]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FEE8FBADEABC" box="[171,1144,383,403]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FEE8FE33EABC" box="[171,486,383,403]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Adoral membranelles, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FEE8FD95EABC" box="[545,576,383,403]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">47</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FEE8FD4BEABC" box="[636,670,383,403]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">66</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FEE8FCD2EABC" box="[729,775,383,403]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">56.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFEE8FCBAEABC" box="[834,879,383,403]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">5.92</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FEE8FC19EABC" box="[937,972,383,403]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">1.53</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFEE8FBFFEABC" box="[1031,1066,383,403]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">10.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFEE8FBADEABC" box="[1124,1144,383,403]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FE00FBADEA84" box="[171,1144,407,427]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FE00FE33EA84" box="[171,486,407,427]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Enlarged frontal cirri, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FE00FD95EA84" box="[545,576,407,427]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FE00FD4BEA84" box="[636,670,407,427]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FE00FCD2EA84" box="[729,775,407,427]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFE00FCBAEA84" box="[834,879,407,427]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FE00FC19EA84" box="[937,972,407,427]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFE00FBFFEA84" box="[1031,1066,407,427]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFE00FBADEA84" box="[1124,1144,407,427]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FE38FBADEAEC" box="[171,1144,431,451]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FE38FE33EAEC" box="[171,486,431,451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Buccal cirrus, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FE38FD95EAEC" box="[545,576,431,451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FE38FD4BEAEC" box="[636,670,431,451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FE38FCD2EAEC" box="[729,775,431,451]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFE38FCBAEAEC" box="[834,879,431,451]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FE38FC19EAEC" box="[937,972,431,451]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFE38FBFFEAEC" box="[1031,1066,431,451]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFE38FBADEAEC" box="[1124,1144,431,451]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FE50FBADEAF4" box="[171,1144,455,475]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FE50FE33EAF4" box="[171,486,455,475]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Frontoterminal cirri, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FE50FD95EAF4" box="[545,576,455,475]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FE50FD4BEAF4" box="[636,670,455,475]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FE50FCD2EAF4" box="[729,775,455,475]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFE50FCBAEAF4" box="[834,879,455,475]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FE50FC19EAF4" box="[937,972,455,475]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFE50FBFFEAF4" box="[1031,1066,455,475]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFE50FBADEAF4" box="[1124,1144,455,475]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FE48FBADEADC" box="[171,1144,479,499]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FE48FE33EADC" box="[171,486,479,499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Midventral pairs, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FE48FD95EADC" box="[545,576,479,499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">18</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FE48FD4BEADC" box="[636,670,479,499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">32</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FE48FCD2EADC" box="[729,775,479,499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">25.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFE48FCBAEADC" box="[834,879,479,499]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">4.19</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FE48FC19EADC" box="[937,972,479,499]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">1.05</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFE48FBFFEADC" box="[1031,1066,479,499]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">16.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFE48FBADEADC" box="[1124,1144,479,499]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FE60FBADE924" box="[171,1144,503,523]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FE60FE33E924" box="[171,486,503,523]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Transverse cirri, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FE60FD95E924" box="[545,576,503,523]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">19</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FE60FD4BE924" box="[636,670,503,523]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">29</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FE60FCD2E924" box="[729,775,503,523]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">23.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFE60FCBAE924" box="[834,879,503,523]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">3.07</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FE60FC19E924" box="[937,972,503,523]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0.74</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFE60FBFFE924" box="[1031,1066,503,523]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">12.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFE60FBADE924" box="[1124,1144,503,523]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">17</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FD98FBADE90C" box="[171,1144,527,547]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FD98FE33E90C" box="[171,486,527,547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Cirri in ALMR1, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FD98FD95E90C" box="[545,576,527,547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FD98FD4BE90C" box="[636,670,527,547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">18</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FD98FCD2E90C" box="[729,775,527,547]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">14.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFD98FCBAE90C" box="[834,879,527,547]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">2.56</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FD98FC19E90C" box="[937,972,527,547]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0.64</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFD98FBFFE90C" box="[1031,1066,527,547]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">17.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFD98FBADE90C" box="[1124,1144,527,547]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FDB0FBADE914" box="[171,1144,551,571]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FDB0FE33E914" box="[171,486,551,571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Cirri in PLMR, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FDB0FD95E914" box="[545,576,551,571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">30</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FDB0FD4BE914" box="[636,670,551,571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">53</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FDB0FCD2E914" box="[729,775,551,571]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">41.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFDB0FCBAE914" box="[834,879,551,571]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">6.07</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FDB0FC19E914" box="[937,972,551,571]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">1.52</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFDB0FBFFE914" box="[1031,1066,551,571]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">14.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFDB0FBADE914" box="[1124,1144,551,571]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FDA8FBADE97C" box="[171,1144,575,595]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FDA8FE33E97C" box="[171,486,575,595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Left marginal cirri, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FDA8FD95E97C" box="[545,576,575,595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">42</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FDA8FD4BE97C" box="[636,670,575,595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">69</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FDA8FCD2E97C" box="[729,775,575,595]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">56.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFDA8FCBAE97C" box="[834,879,575,595]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">7.29</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FDA8FC19E97C" box="[937,972,575,595]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">1.82</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFDA8FBFFE97C" box="[1031,1066,575,595]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">12.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFDA8FBADE97C" box="[1124,1144,575,595]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FDC0FBADE944" box="[171,1144,599,619]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FDC0FE33E944" box="[171,486,599,619]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Right marginal cirri, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FDC0FD95E944" box="[545,576,599,619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">35</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FDC0FD4BE944" box="[636,670,599,619]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">64</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FDC0FCD2E944" box="[729,775,599,619]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">53.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFDC0FCBAE944" box="[834,879,599,619]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">7.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FDC0FC19E944" box="[937,972,599,619]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">1.75</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFDC0FBFFE944" box="[1031,1066,599,619]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">13.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFDC0FBADE944" box="[1124,1144,599,619]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FDF8FBADE9AC" box="[171,1144,623,643]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FDF8FE33E9AC" box="[171,486,623,643]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Dorsal kineties, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FDF8FD95E9AC" box="[545,576,623,643]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">9</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FDF8FD4BE9AC" box="[636,670,623,643]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">11</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FDF8FCD2E9AC" box="[729,775,623,643]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFDF8FCBAE9AC" box="[834,879,623,643]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0.70</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FDF8FC19E9AC" box="[937,972,623,643]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0.18</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFDF8FBFFE9AC" box="[1031,1066,623,643]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">7.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFDF8FBADE9AC" box="[1124,1144,623,643]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FD10FBADE9B4" box="[171,1144,647,667]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FD10FE33E9B4" box="[171,486,647,667]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Macronuclear nodules, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FD10FD95E9B4" box="[545,576,647,667]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">54</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FD10FD4BE9B4" box="[636,670,647,667]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">76</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FD10FCD2E9B4" box="[729,775,647,667]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">63.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFD10FCBAE9B4" box="[834,879,647,667]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">5.66</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FD10FC19E9B4" box="[937,972,647,667]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">1.37</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFD10FBFFE9B4" box="[1031,1066,647,667]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">9.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFD10FBADE9B4" box="[1124,1144,647,667]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">17</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FD08FBADE99C" box="[171,1144,671,691]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FD08FE33E99C" box="[171,486,671,691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Macronuclear nodule length</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FD08FD95E99C" box="[545,576,671,691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FD08FD4BE99C" box="[636,670,671,691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">12</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FD08FCD2E99C" box="[729,775,671,691]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">8.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFD08FCBAE99C" box="[834,879,671,691]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">1.68</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FD08FC19E99C" box="[937,972,671,691]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0.40</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFD08FBFFE99C" box="[1031,1066,671,691]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">20.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFD08FBADE99C" box="[1124,1144,671,691]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FD20FBADE9E4" box="[171,1144,695,715]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FD20FE33E9E4" box="[171,486,695,715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Macronuclear nodule width</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FD20FD95E9E4" box="[545,576,695,715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">3</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FD20FD4BE9E4" box="[636,670,695,715]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FD20FCD2E9E4" box="[729,775,695,715]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">5.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFD20FCBAE9E4" box="[834,879,695,715]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">1.09</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FD20FC19E9E4" box="[937,972,695,715]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0.26</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFD20FBFFE9E4" box="[1031,1066,695,715]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">21.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFD20FBADE9E4" box="[1124,1144,695,715]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3508A953257D82BE18F3FD58FBADE9CC" box="[171,1144,719,739]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<th id="76D9C02F257D82BE18F3FD58FE33E9CC" box="[171,486,719,739]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Micronuclei, number</th>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A79FD58FD95E9CC" box="[545,576,719,739]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A24FD58FD4BE9CC" box="[636,670,719,739]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">16</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1A81FD58FCD2E9CC" box="[729,775,719,739]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">10.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1B1AFD58FCBAE9CC" box="[834,879,719,739]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">2.41</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1BF1FD58FC19E9CC" box="[937,972,719,739]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">0.57</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C5FFD58FBFFE9CC" box="[1031,1066,719,739]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">22.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76D9C02F257D82BE1C3CFD58FBADE9CC" box="[1124,1144,719,739]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB11257D7D4918F8FD67FCE4E81B" blockId="8.[160,1155,752,820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
<tableNote id="76DEAA9F257D7D4918F8FD67FCE4E81B" pageId="8" pageNumber="732" targetBox="[171,1144,207,739]" targetPageId="8">Abbreviations: CV = coefficient of variation, in %; ALMR = the transverse part of left marginal row; PLMR = the longitudinal part of left marginal row; Max = maximum; Mean = arithmetic mean; Min = minimum; n = number of specimens examined; SD = standard deviation; SE = standard error of mean.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB11257D7D491898FBA3FC68ED3F" blockId="8.[160,1156,868,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
Buccal field about one-quarter to one-third of body length in live cells, its proximal part covered by a thick buccal lip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D4919ACFBC0FDBEEF5F" box="[500,619,1111,1136]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figures 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491A20FBC0FD66EF5F" box="[632,691,1111,1136]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">5A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adoral zone bipartite by a conspicuous gap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491882FBEEFE87EFBD" box="[218,338,1145,1170]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figures 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491938FBEEFEABEFBD" box="[352,382,1145,1170]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowhead, 5G, M, arrow); frontal portion including 21–34 membranelles, with the distal ones extending down to about half of buccal field length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491C6AFB0BFF69EFF7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figures 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow, D, E, 5A, D, G, M, N); ventral portion consisting of 18–34 membranelles, each basically composed of 4 rows of kinetosomes, the anteriormost row shortest, with only 2 or 3 basal bodies, the third and fourth rows equal in length, the second one intermediate in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491940FAB0FE1EEE6F" box="[280,459,1319,1344]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figures 5K, L, N</figureCitation>
|
||
, inset). Cilia of frontal membranelles about 14 μm long. The bases of posteriormost 2–5 membranelles distinctly lengthened, up to 30 μm wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D4918F0FAFBFE84EEAA" box="[168,337,1388,1413]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figures 3B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491904FAFBFEA4EEAA" box="[348,369,1388,1413]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">5I</figureCitation>
|
||
, double arrowhead, 5K and L, arrows). Paroral and endoral membranes parallel to each other for the most part but intersecting spatially at posterior ends, the latter longer than the former; both almost dikinetidal except in the posterior part of paroral membrane of a few specimens trikinetidal, kinetosomes arranged more densely in paroral membrane than in endoral membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491AEFFA60FC9EED3F" box="[695,843,1527,1552]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figures 3B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491B00FA60FC64ED3F" box="[856,945,1527,1552]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">5J, M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB11257D7D4B1898F98EFE58E92D" blockId="8.[160,1156,868,1725]" lastBlockId="10.[160,1156,142,618]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="734" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">
|
||
One buccal cirrus ahead of paroral membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491A84F98EFC80ED1D" box="[732,853,1561,1586]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figures 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow, 5M, double arrowhead, N). Several frontal cirri arranged in an atypical bicorona, of which 3 are enlarged and positioned on anterior cell margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491A17F9C8FD1FED57" box="[591,714,1631,1656]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figures 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491A84F9C8FC80ED57" box="[732,853,1631,1656]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">5M and N</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowheads). Two small, relatively fine frontoterminal cirri located close to distal membranelles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491B94F916FB90EDB5" box="[972,1093,1665,1690]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">Figures 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257D7D491C0BF916FBA3EDB5" box="[1107,1142,1665,1690]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="732">5M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Midventral complex composed of cirral pairs, which are arranged in typical zig-zag pattern, extending anteriorly continuous with frontal cirri and posteriorly to the rear end of cell; the right cirrus in each pair usually larger than the left one in interphasic cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B18F0FF43FEEAEBC2" box="[168,319,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figures 3B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1916FF43FE67EBC2" box="[334,434,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">5G, M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas both cirri almost equal in size in filial cells just after fission (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B18AEFF61FEB0EA20" box="[246,357,246,271]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Transverse cirri row extending anteriorly to about mid-body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1C6AFF61FF26EA1D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figures 3B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B18A7FE8EFECBEA1D" box="[255,286,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">5G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Invariably 2 fine pretransverse ventral cirri (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1B4DFE8EFC57EA1D" box="[789,898,281,306]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figure 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). One marginal row on each side of cell, both being distinctly separated by transverse cirri at posterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B18F0FEC9FE82EA58" box="[168,343,350,375]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figures 3B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B193DFEC9FE51EA58" box="[357,388,350,375]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">5G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Left marginal row with 9–18 transversely arranged cirri at anterior portion, which are located at buccal vertex covering the proximal adoral membranelles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B18F0FE33FEC8EA92" box="[168,285,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figures 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B190EFE33FEA3EA92" box="[342,374,420,445]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">5N</figureCitation>
|
||
, double arrowhead, 5J, arrow); right marginal row commencing right of frontoterminal cirri (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B19F9FE51FDF0EAF0" box="[417,549,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figure 3B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1A6AFE51FDA5EAF0" box="[562,624,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-3@11.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">5G, N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frontal and transverse cirri 15 μm long, other cirri 12 μm in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF47FB99257C7D4B18F8FA8CFC7FED95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="734" pageId="9" pageNumber="733" startId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" targetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB11257C7D4B18F8FA8CFC7FED95" blockId="9.[160,1157,1307,1711]" lastBlockId="10.[160,1157,1582,1722]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="734" pageId="9" pageNumber="733">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C7703257C7D4818F8FA8CFF29EE1D" bold="true" box="[160,252,1307,1330]" pageId="9" pageNumber="733">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphogenesis and reorganisation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38D092257C7D481ADCFA8CFC85EE1D" box="[644,848,1307,1330]" class="Hypotrichea" genus="Uncinata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Urostylida" pageId="9" pageNumber="733" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bradburyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C7703257C7D481ADCFA8CFC85EE1D" box="[644,848,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="733">Uncinata bradburyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB11257F7D4B1898FD9BFBFAE945" blockId="10.[160,1156,142,618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">
|
||
Nine to 11 dorsal kineties, of which the right 5 or 6 kineties extend the whole length of body and the middle ones are shortened anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1ABDFDB9FCBCE968" box="[741,873,558,583]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,226,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[167,1147,796,1376]" captionTargetId="figure-193@7.[163,1153,793,1379]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071701/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figure 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); basal body pairs closely spaced, with only the anterior basal body bearing a cilium about 3 μm in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C322F89A257F7D4B18F8FD32FD7AE82A" pageId="10" pageNumber="734" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB11257F7D4B18F8FD32FD7AE82A" blockId="10.[160,1157,677,773]" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C7703257F7D4B18F8FD32FE1BE990" bold="true" box="[160,462,677,703]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Deposition of specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
A voucher slide (registration number: HX20230418-2) with protargol-stained specimens has been deposited in the Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32FEB81257F7D4B1A30FD7BFD7EE82A" box="[616,683,748,773]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C322F89A257F7D4B18F8FCD7FE78E8B0" pageId="10" pageNumber="734" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB11257F7D4B18F8FCD7FE78E8B0" blockId="10.[160,1155,832,927]" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C7703257F7D4B18F8FCD7FEB6E875" bold="true" box="[160,355,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Ecological data.</emphasis>
|
||
Occurring commonly during the period from late autumn to midspring. Water temperature 14.2–21.2°C, pH 8.1–8.2, salinity 33.8–34.7‰, and Dissolved oxygen
|
||
<quantity id="4CC006F4257F7D4B18A2FC11FE47E8B0" box="[250,402,902,927]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.825" metricValueMax="7.87" metricValueMin="5.78" pageId="10" pageNumber="734" unit="mg" value="6.825" valueMax="7.87" valueMin="5.78">5.78–7.87 mg</quantity>
|
||
/L.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C322F89A257F7D4F18F8FC4CFC5CEBC2" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="738" pageId="10" pageNumber="734" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB11257F7D4B18F8FC4CFCCDE8DA" blockId="10.[160,1156,987,1498]" box="[160,792,987,1013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C7703257F7D4B18F8FC4CFCCDE8DA" bold="true" box="[160,792,987,1013]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">
|
||
Note on binary fission (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B19EDFC4CFD98E8DA" box="[437,589,987,1013]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figures 4A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1AD3FC4CFCC5E8DA" box="[651,784,987,1013]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">6A–H, M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB11257F7D4B18F8FC69FC9EEEF5" blockId="10.[160,1156,987,1498]" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">
|
||
A few dividers were obtained, which show some details of this part of the life cycle. In a middle divider, the new anlagen of marginal rows originate independently from the old structures on each side; meanwhile, the frontal–ventral–transverse cirral anlagen appear. Only a few old cirri dedifferentiate during the formation of these anlagen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1B85FBF1FB86EF50" box="[989,1107,1126,1151]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figures 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1C07FBF1FBABEF50" box="[1119,1150,1126,1151]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">6H</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow), and the opisthe̍s anlage occurs earlier than the proter̍s. Simultaneously, two sets of anlagen for dorsal kineties are formed de novo subpellicularly, the right one appearing as several short kineties near the rightmost old dorsal kinety (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1B01FB59FC10EFC8" box="[857,965,1230,1255]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figure 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1B8AFB59FC24EFC8" box="[978,1009,1230,1255]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">6G</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows), the left as a long streak close to the leftmost parental dorsal kinety (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1BC1FB66FBDDEE25" box="[921,1032,1265,1290]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figure 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). With the proliferation of basal bodies in later stages, the right dorsal kinety anlagen lengthen, and become a lantern-like structure composed of five or six equally long streaks in a subcortical pouch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B190BFACEFE1CEE5D" box="[339,457,1369,1394]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figures 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
, inset, C, E, 6B, arrowheads, C, arrows). The left dorsal kinety anlagen also elongate and consist of two long rows at both ends and several short rows in the middle portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B19D9FA09FDFAEE98" box="[385,559,1438,1463]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figures 4B, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1A62FA09FDA6EE98" box="[570,627,1438,1463]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">6D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows). These anlagen finally migrate dorsally to replace the old structures in the filial product (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257F7D4B1A94FA56FCEBEEF5" box="[716,830,1473,1498]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="734">Figure 6M</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF47FB99257E7D4D18F8FA95FE34ED98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071705" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8071705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071705/files/figure.png" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="736" pageId="11" pageNumber="735" startId="11.[160,225,1282,1305]" targetBox="[164,1152,143,1249]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B87AB11257E7D4A18F8FA95FB56ED9B" blockId="11.[160,1157,1282,1716]" pageId="11" pageNumber="735">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C7703257E7D4A18F8FA95FF28EE36" bold="true" box="[160,253,1282,1305]" pageId="11" pageNumber="735">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38D092257E7D4A19F0FA95FDA0EE36" box="[424,629,1282,1305]" class="Hypotrichea" genus="Uncinata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Urostylida" pageId="11" pageNumber="735" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bradburyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C7703257E7D4A19F0FA95FDA0EE36" box="[424,629,1282,1305]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="735">Uncinata bradburyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB1125797D4D1898FF19FD0FE945" blockId="12.[160,1156,142,1034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">
|
||
In a middle-late divider, new membranelles are formed posteriad from the oral primordium in both dividers. At this time, the proximal membranelles are located deeply in a subpellicular pouch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D19D7FF43FDD3EBC2" box="[399,518,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figures 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1A4DFF43FDE4EBC2" box="[533,561,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows). Frontal adoral membranelles in the proter extend anteriad, while those in the opisthe curve rightward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1B16FF61FC16EA20" box="[846,963,246,271]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figures 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1B88FF61FC3BEA20" box="[976,1006,246,271]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paroral and endoral membranes are derived from new anlagen and occur independently at two levels without any connection with the oral primordium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1A85FEABFC87EA7A" box="[733,850,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figures 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1B06FEABFCA9EA7A" box="[862,892,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowheads, C, double arrowhead); one frontal cirrus develops at the anterior end of each (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1BF6FEC9FBF1EA58" box="[942,1060,350,375]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figures 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows, and 6A). Meanwhile, two sets of frontal–ventral–transverse cirral anlagen form new cirri, most streaks dividing into three segments (cirri) each except the posteriormost two and the anterior few ones which produce four and two cirri, respectively (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1B88FE51FB9DEAF0" box="[976,1096,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figures 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1C00FE51FBA3EAF0" box="[1112,1142,454,479]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Almost all parental frontal, midventral, and transverse as well marginal cirri remain intact. Anterior two cirri from the rightmost anlage migrate anteriorly and finally become frontoterminal cirri (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D19D1FDB9FE2DE968" box="[393,504,558,583]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figure 6C</figureCitation>
|
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, arrowheads). The marginal anlagen begin to form new cirri from anterior to posterior (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1A59FDC6FDA3E945" box="[513,630,593,618]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figures 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1AF7FDC6FD18E945" box="[687,717,593,618]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">6A</figureCitation>
|
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).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB1125797D4D1898FDE3FBA9E815" blockId="12.[160,1156,142,1034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">
|
||
In a late divider, the formation of the new adoral zone of membranelles is almost completed in the opisthe and the anterior portion of the new adoral zone bends to the right of the cytostome, whereas in the proter newly formed membranelles move farther anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1979FD4BFE46E9DA" box="[289,403,732,757]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figure 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Considering the difference in numbers of new membranelles between proter and opisthe, it is reasonable to assume that part of the parental frontal membranelles joins in the formation of new adoral zone of membranelles in the proter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB1125797D4D1898FCD3FD5AEF25" blockId="12.[160,1156,142,1034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">
|
||
The nuclear apparatus develops in the usual way, as in other multinucleate urostylids. Replication of DNA occurs at interphasic cells before the appearance of oral primordium (described above). Macronuclear nodules begin to gather together in middle dividers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D18F0FC3BFEE6E8EA" box="[168,307,940,965]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figure 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and fuse to a spherical, compact mass in later dividers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1B95FC3BFB9DE8EA" box="[973,1096,940,965]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figures 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1C0FFC3BFBA3E8EA" box="[1111,1142,940,965]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">6N</figureCitation>
|
||
), which will divide further to increase the number of nodules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1B07FC59FC00E8C8" box="[863,981,974,999]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figures 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1BBBFC59FBC9E8C8" box="[995,1052,974,999]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">6C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows). Micronuclei divide mitotically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D19A2FC66FD57EF25" box="[506,642,1009,1034]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figure 4D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB1125797D4D18F8FBD5FD01EF73" blockId="12.[160,1156,1090,1498]" box="[160,724,1090,1116]" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C770325797D4D18F8FBD5FD01EF73" bold="true" box="[160,724,1090,1116]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">
|
||
Note on reorganisation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D199DFBD5FD8AEF73" box="[453,607,1090,1116]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figures 4F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1AC4FBD5FD19EF73" box="[668,716,1090,1116]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">6I–L</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB1125797D4F18F8FBF1FC5CEBC2" blockId="12.[160,1156,1090,1498]" lastBlockId="14.[160,1155,142,237]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="738" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">
|
||
Three reorganisers at middle-late and later stages were well stained, which allowed us to observe this part of the life cycle. Physiological regeneration involves the formation of only one oral primordium and one set of anlagen. The process is characterised thus: (1) the oral primordium is formed de novo with its posterior portion located at a subcortical pouch and develops anteriad to replace the old oral apparatus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1AAEFB66FCBCEE25" box="[758,873,1265,1290]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figures 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
, inset, G and 6I, inset, K, arrow); (2) the undulating membrane anlage occurs independently from the oral primordium, and then splits longitudinally into paroral and endoral membranes and produces a frontal at its anterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D19E6FACEFDFBEE5D" box="[446,558,1369,1394]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figures 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowhead, G, 6I, arrow, J and L, arrowhead); (3) a few old midventral cirri join in the formation of frontal–ventral–transverse cirral anlagen, which generate three cirri each except the posteriormost two and anterior ones forming four and two cirri, respectively (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D19C2FA56FDFFEEF5" box="[410,554,1473,1498]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">Figures 4F, G</figureCitation>
|
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,
|
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<figureCitation id="1303B79425797D4D1A60FA56FDB2EEF5" box="[568,615,1473,1498]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">6I, K</figureCitation>
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); the surplus cirri will be finally resorbed; (4) the anlagen of the marginal rows and dorsal kineties originate and develop into new structures in the same way as in opisthe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1303B794257B7D4F19A1FF26FD5DEBE5" box="[505,648,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="738">Figures 4F, G</figureCitation>
|
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, inset, 6I, K, L); (5) all newly formed structures will migrate to and orientate in their final positions (
|
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<figureCitation id="1303B794257B7D4F1ABAFF43FC8DEBC2" box="[738,856,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1307,1330]" captionTargetBox="[168,1145,145,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[163,1153,142,1275]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071703/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="738">Figures 4H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1303B794257B7D4F1B3DFF43FCA9EBC2" box="[869,892,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1259,1282]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-3@13.[163,1153,142,1228]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8071707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8071707/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="738">6J</figureCitation>
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).
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87AB1125797D4D18F8F9BCFE34ED98" blockId="12.[160,1156,1579,1719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="736">cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |