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<document id="C2BCD927B4B037F0E23689FA959CA63B" ID-CLB-Dataset="29261" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.23" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eb3a7406-3dae-4b7b-85cc-d53a1ec73b04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1446811" ID-ZooBank="C4D379ED-9406-4C80-94B5-80790982F98F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538747286652" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhao, Qi, Yao, Xuanzhu, Lan, Yaqiong, Xu, Junxian &amp; Qiu, Jiangping" docDate="2018" docId="039B220BFFD35358FF1AF91DFB50B037" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4496.1.23.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4496 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amynthas wenchangensis Zhao &amp; Yao &amp; Lan &amp; Xu &amp; Qiu 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="281" masterDocId="FFA25A73FFD3535AFF8DFFA1FFD6B36A" masterDocTitle="New earthworm species of the genus Amynthas from Hainan Island, China (Megascolecidae, Clitellata)" masterLastPageNumber="286" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="279" updateTime="1698566704803" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="55943B644255767D95717F3FC5C22DA8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="3A7014F1610BDCF2A2E1107591D99DDC">
<mods:title id="337DC37E8FD10C0AB6DE7345DD36510C">New earthworm species of the genus Amynthas from Hainan Island, China (Megascolecidae, Clitellata)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E0E1283078EF4E50674F693A184B5843" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B3CF35CA5AAAAF059B262BD5893E5596">
<mods:roleTerm id="265D3FF25F35441EAB3467C9D39DE52A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BD0EDF278BE8CCD0E5D17312ACC01B94">Zhao, Qi</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4A3B4F6534E9C25D0635DFFA03B2206E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="06B3497C8FC03D14BF790D4724CD342E">
<mods:roleTerm id="5651798E14A19BB2B2975A0E8A428090">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7A6DDF4CDB4FAF9B05F031F81C4CEB2A">Yao, Xuanzhu</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="074696E105E24C9E5C1E3CF19CCCC1F5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="ACDEC39A98E97F29171F9B8DDB7581EA">
<mods:roleTerm id="C6EA97C1D597583AAC273F9918E027EF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="32C3BF3E4800325C4B971EA6B02274BD">Lan, Yaqiong</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1D7BC4E740A08F7E47F33288B7B94C85" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D792649D5D9A338E75D2FA0ECBF5E365">
<mods:roleTerm id="3EDA1EA21D77EC00362072759E2AB805">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FA91CABB325B88C1FB2C5057354F75EA">Xu, Junxian</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="98BE5C0971E2E741E05F951905E1B953" type="personal">
<mods:role id="975A80BECB2994875B927C19281E56AF">
<mods:roleTerm id="86D04B05A1BD777C265D211EFD003802">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BED89ACC495C28F13CE02FD1837E1AC9">Qiu, Jiangping</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="91C4924723DA1AF436D662347905792D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="85B6F9530F8875864EF6926B212CB19D" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="DE62161D69F19ACC23ECAA483A0C1018">
<mods:title id="AD432BADE7D799389D80C96833D1B4C1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B1808131E8A96E5F67A190E03B5F738E">
<mods:date id="8BC88F34B8FBE1602472A1B1091FB11E">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2DF8B2216CABE81FCD93019CAE5EF10E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F9538BAC96B1FEBCBC3B4803CCC0425C">2018-10-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B18A0F0A29D794F776E52ADCBCBAF6AE" type="volume">
<mods:number id="45F80E1C3AD6B977B2A44209291A198A">4496</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="75B7FFE93183772DED5B9D818F03ECD0" type="issue">
<mods:number id="7E84A3093419ED2DA56E1917E2EC4814">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="598E10EA3CCF05D07AB02EE2548B1893" unit="page">
<mods:start id="84A3D10C5735D5F5739B6785CCB667F3">279</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F96A7D94F81319A3391A6DD7499F4005">286</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="BF7D94DC3FC7F7765A6F39B2AEFF7A2A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="79AE25DF3C57308F9203BBEBF90E0925" type="CLB-Dataset">29261</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="69C31FABEDB626F69324F3AC0263947C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.23</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A9682E29E3ECB09B1FFC5BBB360A4C9D" type="GBIF-Dataset">eb3a7406-3dae-4b7b-85cc-d53a1ec73b04</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C23538F5CC2E817406532C769882B775" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="61F4CB11270B135F28DA056C8B5CD542" type="Zenodo-Dep">1446811</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A398E4A9AF3256C1EA102FFB90BA65A7" type="ZooBank">C4D379ED-9406-4C80-94B5-80790982F98F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039B220BFFD35358FF1AF91DFB50B037" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5960185" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148639866" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5960185" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B220BFFD35358FF1AF91DFB50B037" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B220BFFD35358FF1AF91DFB50B037" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
<subSubSection id="C328C096FFD3535AFF1AF91DFED1B592" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFD3535AFF1AF91DFD0DB5BD" blockId="0.[151,731,1724,1784]" box="[151,731,1724,1751]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
<heading id="D0C52471FFD3535AFF1AF91DFD0DB5BD" bold="true" box="[151,731,1724,1751]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD3535AFF1AF91DFD0DB5BD" bold="true" box="[151,731,1724,1751]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFD3535AFF1AF91DFDA7B5BD" authority="Qiu &amp; Zhao" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Yao &amp; Lan &amp; Xu &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,625,1724,1751]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wenchangensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD3535AFF1AF91DFE06B5BC" bold="true" box="[151,464,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Amynthas wenchangensis</emphasis>
Qiu &amp; Zhao
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275F274FFD3535AFDF0F91CFD0DB5BD" box="[637,731,1725,1751]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFD3535AFF1AF97EFED1B592" blockId="0.[151,731,1724,1784]" box="[151,263,1759,1784]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
(
<figureCitation id="13098F98FFD3535AFF13F97EFF2AB592" box="[158,252,1759,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[170,1375,411,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[132,1455,411,1307]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas wenchangensis sp. nov. A. Ventral body surface with male pores. B. Ventral body surface with male pores and different arrangement of genital papillae. C. Ventral body surface with spermathecal pores. D–F. Spermathecae. G. Prostate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446813/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Figure 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328C096FFD3535AFF1AF886FCD2B49F" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFD3535AFF1AF886FDA0B4C7" blockId="0.[151,1436,1831,2037]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A9940FFD3535AFF1AF886FE16B4E2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914265376" collectingDate="2015-06-04" collectorName="J. P. Qiu &amp; Zhao &amp; Jiang &amp; Zhang &amp; Dong &amp; Chen" country="China" county="One" elevation="30" latitude="19.695555" location="Hanjiapo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="110.73499" municipality="Tanniu Town" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Hainan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD3535AFF1AF886FE18B42A" bold="true" box="[151,462,1831,1856]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
<typeStatus id="54892DBFFFD3535AFF1AF886FF04B42A" box="[151,210,1831,1856]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Type</typeStatus>
material.
<typeStatus id="54892DBFFFD3535AFED7F886FE1FB42A" box="[346,457,1831,1856]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="62ECEB91FFD3535AFE51F889FDDDB42A" box="[476,523,1832,1856]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">One</collectingCounty>
clitellate specimen (HN201518-04),
<collectingCountry id="F325D38DFFD3535AFC44F886FBD9B42A" box="[969,1039,1831,1856]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F65DFFFFD3535AFBAFF886FB3EB42A" box="[1058,1256,1831,1856]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Hainan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE90967FFD3535AFB77F886FA4EB455" box="[1274,1432,1831,1856]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Tanniu Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEDC5C6FFD3535AFF1AF8EDFF28B40F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B220BFFD35358FF1AF91DFB50B037:8EEDC5C6FFD3535AFF1AF8EDFF28B40F" box="[151,254,1868,1893]" country="China" county="One" latitude="19.695555" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="110.73499" municipality="Tanniu Town" name="Hanjiapo" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" stateProvince="Hainan Province">Hanjiapo</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE06F5DAFFD3535AFE9DF8EDFE40B40E" box="[272,406,1868,1892]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" precision="15" value="19.695555">19°41'44&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE06F5DAFFD3535AFE28F8EDFDE0B40F" box="[421,566,1868,1893]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" precision="15" value="110.73499">110°44'06&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation id="001F742EFFD3535AFDC0F8EDFD11B40F" box="[589,711,1868,1893]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" unit="m" value="30.0">
<quantity id="4CCA3EF8FFD3535AFDC0F8EDFD5EB40E" box="[589,648,1868,1892]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, soil, coll.
<collectorName id="26C7F6CBFFD3535AFCC7F8ECFC70B40F" box="[842,934,1868,1893]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">J.P. Qiu</collectorName>
, Q.
<collectorName id="26C7F6CBFFD3535AFC55F8EDFBC2B40F" box="[984,1044,1868,1893]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Zhao</collectorName>
, J.B.
<collectorName id="26C7F6CBFFD3535AFBD5F8EDFB40B40F" box="[1112,1174,1868,1893]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Jiang</collectorName>
, L.L.
<collectorName id="26C7F6CBFFD3535AFB53F8EDFAFEB40F" box="[1246,1320,1868,1893]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Zhang</collectorName>
, Y.
<collectorName id="26C7F6CBFFD3535AFADAF8ECFA4EB40F" box="[1367,1432,1869,1893]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Dong</collectorName>
, M.S.
<collectorName id="26C7F6CBFFD3535AFF55F8CEFEC0B4E2" box="[216,278,1903,1928]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Chen</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate id="EFC84C35FFD3535AFEA8F8D1FE16B4E2" box="[293,448,1903,1928]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" value="2015-06-04">
<date id="FF8CB5DDFFD3535AFEA8F8D1FE16B4E2" box="[293,448,1903,1928]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" value="2015-06-04">June 4, 2015</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B5A9940FFD3535AFE43F8CEFDA4B4C7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914265381" collectingDate="2015-06-04" collectorName="J. P. Qiu &amp; Zhao &amp; Jiang &amp; Zhang &amp; Dong &amp; Chen" country="China" county="One" elevation="30" latitude="19.695555" location="Hanjiapo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="110.73499" municipality="Tanniu Town" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Hainan Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD3535AFE43F8CEFD9BB4E2" bold="true" box="[462,589,1903,1928]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
<typeStatus id="54892DBFFFD3535AFE43F8CEFD9EB4E2" box="[462,584,1903,1928]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Four clitellate specimens (HN201518-02, HN201518-03, HN201518-05, HN201518-06), same data as for
<typeStatus id="54892DBFFFD3535AFD81F835FDA4B4C7" box="[524,626,1940,1965]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFD3535AFF4AF816FCD2B49F" blockId="0.[151,1436,1831,2037]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A9940FFD3535AFF4AF816FCD2B49F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914265384" country="China" location="Tanniu Town" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan province">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD3535AFF4AF816FE16B4BA" bold="true" box="[199,448,1975,2000]" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Locality and habitat.</emphasis>
The specimens were collected in brown sandy soil on the edge of a grassland, Hanjiapo,
<location id="8EEDC5C6FFD3535AFF1AF87DFEFBB49E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B220BFFD35358FF1AF91DFB50B037:8EEDC5C6FFD3535AFF1AF87DFEFBB49E" box="[151,301,2012,2037]" country="China" name="Tanniu Town" pageId="0" pageNumber="279" stateProvince="Hainan province">Tanniu Town</location>
, Wenchang City,
<collectingRegion id="49F65DFFFFD3535AFE7CF87DFD78B49F" box="[497,686,2012,2037]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">Hainan province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F325D38DFFD3535AFD34F87DFCD6B49F" box="[697,768,2012,2037]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="279">China</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328C096FFD2535BFF4AFF36FB30B3DA" box="[199,1254,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFD2535BFF4AFF36FB30B3DA" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,357]" box="[199,1254,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD2535BFF4AFF36FE98B3DA" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named after the city where the species was found, Wenchang City.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328C096FFD2535BFF4AFF1DFD89B20E" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFD2535BFF4AFF1DFD89B20E" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD2535BFF4AFF1DFE97B3BF" bold="true" box="[199,321,188,213]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Two pairs of spermathecal pores in 5/6–6/7, eye-like, about 0.33 circumferences ventrally apart. Male pores each on a round protuberance in XVIII, about 0.33 body circumferences apart, six small genital papillae above and four below the setae circle in XVIII between male pores, another 4 small papillae in the middle of XIX above the setae circle, sometimes five genital papillae present between male pores and another four small papillae above and below the setae circle in XIX.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4DC395FFD2535BFF1AFA95FF26B6ED" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446813/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" startId="1.[151,250,1332,1354]" targetBox="[170,1375,411,1285]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFD2535BFF1AFA95FF26B6ED" blockId="1.[151,1436,1332,1415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD2535BFF1AFA95FEC3B623" bold="true" box="[151,277,1332,1354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFD2535BFE90FA95FDF4B620" authority="Zhao &amp; Yao &amp; Lan &amp; Xu &amp; Qiu, 2018" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Yao &amp; Lan &amp; Xu &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2018" box="[285,546,1332,1354]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wenchangensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD2535BFE90FA95FDF4B620" box="[285,546,1332,1354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Amynthas wenchangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD2535BFDA7FA95FD48B623" bold="true" box="[554,670,1332,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275F274FFD2535BFDA7FA95FDAAB623" box="[554,636,1332,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A.
</emphasis>
Ventral body surface with male pores.
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD2535BFBB5FA95FB86B623" bold="true" box="[1080,1104,1332,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">B.</emphasis>
Ventral body surface with male pores and different arrangement of genital papillae.
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD2535BFD20FAF3FD13B602" bold="true" box="[685,709,1362,1384]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">C.</emphasis>
Ventral body surface with spermathecal pores.
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD2535BFB22FAF2FB09B602" bold="true" box="[1199,1247,1363,1384]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">D–F.</emphasis>
Spermathecae.
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD2535BFA08FAF3FA4FB602" bold="true" box="[1413,1433,1362,1384]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">G.</emphasis>
Prostate.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C328C096FFD25358FF4AFA15FBD6B20E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFD25358FF4AFA15FBD6B20E" blockId="1.[151,1436,1460,2025]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD2535BFF4AFA15FE8FB6A7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1460,1485]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Description.</emphasis>
Preserved specimens dark brown dorsally, light brown ventrally before XXV, light brown dorsally, no pigment ventrally after XXV. Dorsal line invisible. Dimensions
<quantity id="4CCA3EF8FFD2535BFC77FA76FB5CB685" box="[1018,1162,1495,1520]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.075" metricValueMax="8.35" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" unit="mm" value="80.75" valueMax="83.5" valueMin="78.0">78–83.5 mm</quantity>
by 3.0 mm at clitellum, segments 119–148; body cylindrical in cross section. Prostomium 1/2 epilobous. Setae numbering: 32–
<date id="FF8CB5DDFFD2535BFAA8FA5DFAB0B57F" box="[1317,1382,1532,1557]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" value="1936-03">36/III</date>
, 36–
<date id="FF8CB5DDFFD2535BFF1AF981FF19B552" box="[151,207,1568,1592]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" value="1940-05">40/V</date>
, 40–
<date id="FF8CB5DDFFD2535BFE8AF981FE8BB552" box="[263,349,1568,1592]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" value="1944-08">44/VIII</date>
, 40/XX, 44/XXV; 0 between male pores; 16 (VII) between spermathecal pores. Setal formula AA=2.0 AB, ZZ=1.0 ZY. Clitellum annular XIV–XVI, dark brown, setae and dorsal pore visible. First dorsal pore in 9/10. Two pairs of spermathecal pores in 5/6–6/7, ventral, eye-like, about 0.33 body circumferences apart (
<figureCitation id="13098F98FFD2535BFAE2F9C6FF6FB5CE" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[170,1375,411,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[132,1455,411,1307]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas wenchangensis sp. nov. A. Ventral body surface with male pores. B. Ventral body surface with male pores and different arrangement of genital papillae. C. Ventral body surface with spermathecal pores. D–F. Spermathecae. G. Prostate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446813/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Male pores each on a round protuberance in XVIII, about 0.33 body circumferences apart, surrounded by several skin folds (
<figureCitation id="13098F98FFD2535BFEE4F90EFE0AB5A2" box="[361,476,1711,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[170,1375,411,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[132,1455,411,1307]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas wenchangensis sp. nov. A. Ventral body surface with male pores. B. Ventral body surface with male pores and different arrangement of genital papillae. C. Ventral body surface with spermathecal pores. D–F. Spermathecae. G. Prostate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446813/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Fig. 1A,B</figureCitation>
). Seven small genital papillae above and four below the setae circle in XVIII between male pore, another four small pre-setal papillae in the middle of XIX (
<figureCitation id="13098F98FFD2535BFC7DF975FB99B586" box="[1008,1103,1748,1773]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[170,1375,411,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[132,1455,411,1307]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas wenchangensis sp. nov. A. Ventral body surface with male pores. B. Ventral body surface with male pores and different arrangement of genital papillae. C. Ventral body surface with spermathecal pores. D–F. Spermathecae. G. Prostate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446813/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). In two
<typeStatus id="54892DBFFFD2535BFB48F974FAF3B587" box="[1221,1317,1749,1773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimen (HN201518-02, HN201518-03), five genital papillae present between male pores and four small papillae in XIX, pre- and post-setal (
<figureCitation id="13098F98FFD2535BFEF8F8BDFE1BB45E" box="[373,461,1820,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[170,1375,411,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[132,1455,411,1307]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas wenchangensis sp. nov. A. Ventral body surface with male pores. B. Ventral body surface with male pores and different arrangement of genital papillae. C. Ventral body surface with spermathecal pores. D–F. Spermathecae. G. Prostate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446813/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Septa 8/9, 9/10 absent, before 8/9 thick and muscular, 10/11 thick. Esophageal hearts in X–XIII. Gizzard in IX–X, ball-shaped. Intestine enlarged distinctly from XV. Intestinal caeca simple, originating in XXVII, extending anteriorly to XXIV. Spermathecae small, paired in VI–VII; the first ampulla bean-sprout like, spermathecal duct slender, as long as 0.6 of main pouch, diverticulum in zigzag fashion, as long as 0.75 of main pouch (
<figureCitation id="13098F98FFD2535BFF61F80DFE92B4AE" box="[236,324,1964,1989]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[170,1375,411,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[132,1455,411,1307]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas wenchangensis sp. nov. A. Ventral body surface with male pores. B. Ventral body surface with male pores and different arrangement of genital papillae. C. Ventral body surface with spermathecal pores. D–F. Spermathecae. G. Prostate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446813/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
); the second ampulla heart-shaped, spermathecal duct slender, as long as ampulla, diverticulum in zigzag fashion, equal to main pouch; or spermathecae very large, ampulla heart-shaped, spermathecal duct half as long as ampulla, diverticulum straight, half as long as main pouch, terminal third enlarged as club-shaped seminal chamber (HN201518-02) (
<figureCitation id="13098F98FFD15358FE49FF1DFDCCB3BE" box="[452,538,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[170,1375,411,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[132,1455,411,1307]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas wenchangensis sp. nov. A. Ventral body surface with male pores. B. Ventral body surface with male pores and different arrangement of genital papillae. C. Ventral body surface with spermathecal pores. D–F. Spermathecae. G. Prostate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446813/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
); or diverticulum straight, as long as 1.25 of main pouch, terminal 0.6 enlarged as zonal seminal chamber (HN201518-03) (
<figureCitation id="13098F98FFD15358FD0BFF7EFD0DB392" box="[646,731,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[170,1375,411,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[132,1455,411,1307]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas wenchangensis sp. nov. A. Ventral body surface with male pores. B. Ventral body surface with male pores and different arrangement of genital papillae. C. Ventral body surface with spermathecal pores. D–F. Spermathecae. G. Prostate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446813/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). Male sexual system holandric, testis sacs two pairs in X–XI, slender, undeveloped; seminal vesicles paired in XI–XII, the first pair developed, the second pair small. Prostates degenerated in XVIII (on the right of
<typeStatus id="54892DBFFFD15358FDCDFE86FD70B22A" box="[576,678,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), or disappeared (on the left of
<typeStatus id="54892DBFFFD15358FB85FE86FBB8B22A" box="[1032,1134,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), or prostates developed in XVII–XVIII (some of
<typeStatus id="54892DBFFFD15358FE18FEEDFDD3B20E" box="[405,517,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), prostatic duct U-shaped in XVIII (
<figureCitation id="13098F98FFD15358FC14FEEDFC25B20E" box="[921,1011,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[170,1375,411,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[132,1455,411,1307]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas wenchangensis sp. nov. A. Ventral body surface with male pores. B. Ventral body surface with male pores and different arrangement of genital papillae. C. Ventral body surface with spermathecal pores. D–F. Spermathecae. G. Prostate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446813/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328C096FFD15358FF4AFECEFB50B037" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D931DFFD15358FF4AFECEFB50B037" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FF4AFECEFEEDB2E2" bold="true" box="[199,315,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFD15358FECCFED1FD89B2E2" authority="Zhao &amp; Yao &amp; Lan &amp; Xu &amp; Qiu, 2018" authorityName="Zhao &amp; Yao &amp; Lan &amp; Xu &amp; Qiu" authorityYear="2018" box="[321,607,368,392]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="wenchangensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FECCFED1FD89B2E2" box="[321,607,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Amynthas wenchangensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275F274FFD15358FDE8FECEFD68B2E2" box="[613,702,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FDE8FECEFD68B2E2" bold="true" box="[613,702,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
keys to the
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFD15358FCCEFED1FBDCB2ED" baseAuthorityName="Beddard" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[835,1034,368,392]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="morrisi">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FCCEFED1FBDCB2ED" box="[835,1034,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Amynthas morrisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group as defined by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FB78FECEFF32B2C6" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref5787" refString="Sims, R. &amp; Easton, E. (1972) A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4 (3), 169 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1972. tb 00694. x" type="journal article">Sims &amp; Easton (1972)</bibRefCitation>
. All species in this group were compared, including 49
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFD15358FCEDFE35FC18B2C6" authorityName="Kinberg" authorityYear="1867" box="[864,974,404,428]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FCEDFE35FC18B2C6" box="[864,974,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Amynthas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species listed from
<collectingCountry id="F325D38DFFD15358FB3EFE35FB20B2C7" box="[1203,1270,404,429]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">China</collectingCountry>
and Southeast Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FF52FE16FE5EB2BA" box="[223,392,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref4068" refString="Beddard, F. E. (1892) On some species of the genus Perichaeta (sensu stricto). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 60 (1), 153 - 172." type="journal article">Beddard 1892</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FE14FE16FDCAB2BA" box="[409,540,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref4212" refString="Chen, Y. (1933) A preliminary survey of earthworm of the Yangtze valley. Contributions from Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 9, 178 - 296." type="journal article">Chen 1933</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FDA0FE16FDBEB2BA" box="[557,616,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref4249" refString="Chen, Y. (1936) On the terrestrial Oligochaeta from Szechuan, II: with the notes on Gates' types. Contributions from Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 11 (8), 269 - 306." type="journal article">1936</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FDF4FE19FD65B2BA" box="[633,691,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref4295" refString="Chen, Y. (1938) Oligochaeta from Hainan, Kwangtung. Contributions from Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Zoological Series, 12, 375 - 427." type="journal article">1938</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FD48FE16FCD6B2BA" box="[709,768,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref4328" refString="Chen, Y. (1946) On the terrestrial Oligochaeta from Szechuan III. Journal of the West China Border Research Society, 16, 83 - 141." type="journal article">1946</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FC9FFE19FC4CB2BA" box="[786,922,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref4672" refString="Gates, G. E. (1968) On a new anthropochorus species of the earthworm genus Pheretima (Megascolecidae, Oligochaeta). Journal of Natural History, 2, 253 - 261. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936800770911" type="journal article">Gates 1968</bibRefCitation>
; Jiang
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FC79FE18FBE4B2BA" box="[1012,1074,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2015;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FB01FE16FA9DB2BA" box="[1164,1355,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref5002" refString="Kobayashi, S. (1936) Earthworms from Koryo, Korea. The Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Series 4 (Biology), 11 (1), 139 - 184." type="journal article">Kobayashi 1936</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FAD1FE19FA41B2BA" box="[1372,1431,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref5039" refString="Kobayashi, S. (1938) Earthworms of Korea I. Science Report of the Tohoku Imperial University, 13 (2), 89 - 170." type="journal article">1938</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FF1AFE7DFE8AB29E" box="[151,348,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref5331" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1927) Oligochaten aus Yun-nan gesammelt von Prof. F. Silvestri. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agrariadella R. Scoula Superiore d'Agricoltura Portici, 21, 84 - 90." type="journal article">Michaelsen 1927</bibRefCitation>
; Sun
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FE12FE7CFE0CB29E" box="[415,474,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
2015;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FDA1FE7DFD3BB29E" box="[556,749,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref5997" refString="Zhao, Q., Sun, J. &amp; Qiu, J. P. (2009) Three new species of Amynthas hawayanus - group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Hainan Island, China. Journal of Natural History, 43, 1027 - 1041. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930902767433" type="journal article">
Zhao
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FDE2FE7CFD74B29E" box="[623,674,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FD76FE7DFCE0B29E" box="[763,822,476,500]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref6056" refString="Zhao, Q., Sun, J. Jiang, J. B. &amp; Qiu, J. P. (2013) Four new species of genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) from Hainan Island, China. Journal of Natural History, 47 (33 - 34), 2175 - 2192. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2013.775374" type="journal article">2013</bibRefCitation>
, 2015). The new species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFD15358FAA0FE7DFE30B172" authority="Zhao et al., 2013" authorityName="Zhao et al." authorityYear="2013" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="endophilus">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FAA0FE7DFEC4B172" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Amynthas endophilus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA3EEECFFD15358FE96FE5EFE30B172" box="[283,486,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref6056" refString="Zhao, Q., Sun, J. Jiang, J. B. &amp; Qiu, J. P. (2013) Four new species of genus Amynthas (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) from Hainan Island, China. Journal of Natural History, 47 (33 - 34), 2175 - 2192. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2013.775374" type="journal article">
Zhao
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FED3FDA0FE4FB172" box="[350,409,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. They share the following characters: moderately large individuals, septa
<date id="FF8CB5DDFFD15358FAB5FDA1FA4AB172" box="[1336,1436,512,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" value="2010-08-09" valueMax="2010-08-09" valueMin="2010-08-09">8/9–9/10</date>
absent, male pores each on a round protuberance in XVIII, surrounded by several skin folds. No genital markings, intestinal caeca simple. Furthermore, the spermathecae of
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFD15358FCA7FDE9FC13B10A" box="[810,965,584,608]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="endophilus">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FCA7FDE9FC13B10A" box="[810,965,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">A. endophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar to those of one
<typeStatus id="54892DBFFFD15358FB73FDE9FA88B10A" box="[1278,1374,584,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13098F98FFD15358FAE2FDE6FF61B1EE" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[170,1375,411,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[132,1455,411,1307]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amynthas wenchangensis sp. nov. A. Ventral body surface with male pores. B. Ventral body surface with male pores and different arrangement of genital papillae. C. Ventral body surface with spermathecal pores. D–F. Spermathecae. G. Prostate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446813/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
). However, there are also distinct differences between them. Irregular genital papillae are present in the new species while they are absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFD15358FD9FFD31FD79B1C2" box="[530,687,656,680]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="endophilus">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FD9FFD31FD79B1C2" box="[530,687,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">A. endophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The first dorsal pore in the new species is forward in 9/10. No pigmentation in
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFD15358FED8FD15FE24B1A6" box="[341,498,692,716]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="endophilus">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FED8FD15FE24B1A6" box="[341,498,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">A. endophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to the dark or light brown pigmentation of new species. Prostates are developed in
<taxonomicName id="4C32E89EFFD15358FEBDFD79FE1DB19A" box="[304,459,728,752]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Amynthas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="endophilus">
<emphasis id="B9464F0FFFD15358FEBDFD79FE1DB19A" box="[304,459,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">A. endophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, they are degenerate in XVIII or absent, or developed in XVII–XVIII in the new species. Interestingly, sperm was observed in the seminal chambers of all specimens, which suggests that the new species might evolve in the direction of parthenogenesis under severe environment. In view of slight but nonetheless clear-cut differences, we decided to give new species status to our specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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