346 lines
42 KiB
XML
346 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="952942F89A6888784C74465AB0F8DCD5" ID-CLB-Dataset="8413" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4853.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0ffa72e0-c3b8-4c3c-8b64-a39dab962daa" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411060" ID-ZooBank="948793DC-3873-4C14-8239-E30ED790E56A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609605308474" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pivar, Robert J., Sinclair, Bradley J. & Moulton, John K." docDate="2020" docId="038F6D29FFCFFFA985DBFA16FC1514EE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4853.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4853 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Austrothaumalea fredericki Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="30A95D92-37F9-42DE-9023-6B7889028F91" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="518" masterDocId="FFB61551FFC9FFA0854CFFD3FF951007" masterDocTitle="Revision of the South American species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir (Diptera Thaumaleidae)" masterLastPageNumber="526" masterPageNumber="509" pageNumber="515" updateTime="1698851343633" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="0F564539BFD28A079E1EAF479733BF4F">Revision of the South American species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir (Diptera Thaumaleidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EE72E095A40613AE4B66D1369706B43D">Pivar, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B806E39BFA18DEF582CC652A47B691BF">The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, U. S. A. & robertjpivar @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2642 - 0524</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="92776A54DAFF37E63709CB94B635D1D8" type="email">robertjpivar@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FBE656127E7EE6D24D570867B5D978D5">Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="43AF350F504F0B8D018F68B6F57A38AD">Canadian National Collection of Insects and Canadian Food Inspection Agency, K. W. Neatby Building, C. E. F., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6. bradley. sinclair @ canada. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6413 - 1606</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3554A81F5584A58CBFD5BAE710CEAD58" type="email">bradley.sinclair@canada.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1ABE5B05152ED9D5F95AD976163BAD58">Moulton, John K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EE09C4930F1B21602C9BD5CEECB0A3F3">The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, U. S. A. & jmoulton @ utk. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8760 - 3274</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="47D7A2F3C79A3236FFC9E16C9026DDC4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F0BAF81EB2B27E291D32C825DAC581C9">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CAB26EBD850A6BCB5FA0E0EE0AD1E0F0">2020-09-24</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038F6D29FFCFFFA985DBFA16FC1514EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4410957" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177255629" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4410957" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:30A95D92-37F9-42DE-9023-6B7889028F91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6D29FFCFFFA985DBFA16FC1514EE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="518" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">
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<heading id="D0D16B53FFCFFFA685DBFA16FD0315D8" bold="true" box="[151,662,1477,1504]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFCFFFA685DBFA16FD0315D8" bold="true" box="[151,662,1477,1504]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCFFFA685DBFA16FDA415D8" authority="Pivar" authorityName="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,561,1477,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fredericki" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFCFFFA685DBFA16FE7315E7" bold="true" box="[151,486,1477,1504]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">Austrothaumalea fredericki</emphasis>
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Pivar
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A261BD56FFCFFFA68775FA16FD0315D8" box="[569,662,1477,1503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFCFFFA685DBFA3AFE391604" box="[151,428,1513,1540]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCFFFA685DBFA3AFE391604" blockId="6.[151,662,1477,1540]" box="[151,428,1513,1540]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCFFFA685D3FA3AFF691604" box="[159,252,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-267@4.[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adult habitus photographs of Austrothaumalea, lateral view. A, A. apicalis (♂); B, A. spatulata (♂); C, A. chilensis (♂); D, A. fredericki sp. nov. (♂); E, A. setipennis stat. rev. (♀). R2+3, second + third radial vein. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411066/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCFFFA68444FA3AFEBE1604" box="[264,299,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral views of male Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. fredericki sp.nov.; D, A. setipennis stat. rev.; E, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere.Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411068/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">4C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCFFFA6847BFA3AFECF1603" box="[311,346,1513,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,280,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-79@8.[151,1436,273,1870]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral views of male Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. fredericki sp. nov.; D, A. setipennis stat. rev.; E, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere. Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411070/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">5C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCFFFA68429FA3AFEE11604" box="[357,372,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,181,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[275,1311,181,1258]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Known distribution of South American Austrothaumalea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCFFFA684CDFA3AFE361604" box="[385,419,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-93@15.[151,1436,344,1578]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Examples of Austrothaumalea habitats in Chile. A, rock face seep where A. chilensis and A. setipennis stat. rev. were collected (38°13′20.3″S 71°44′41.1″W); B, collection site of A. fredericki sp.nov. (41°08.47′S 72°35.28′W); C, collection site of A. spatulata (34°59′48.8″S 70°48′37.0″W); D, northernmost collection site of A. spatulata in the Chilean Matorral, inset showing small trickle of water where specimen was collected (34°46′29.2″S 70°40′03.9″W)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411078/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">9B</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFCFFFA685DBF9FFFE151718" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFCFFFA685DBF9FFFED61641" bold="true" box="[151,323,1580,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">Type material.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFCFFFA68404F9FFFE2B1641" bold="true" box="[328,446,1580,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">
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<typeStatus id="549D629DFFCFFFA68404F9FFFE2C1641" box="[328,441,1580,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFCFFFA6848FF9FEFE4F1640" box="[451,474,1581,1607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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, glued to point with abdomen in glycerine microvial pinned beneath, labelled: “
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<collectingCountry id="F3319CAFFFCFFFA6800CF9FFFA0C1641" box="[1344,1433,1580,1606]" name="Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">CHILE</collectingCountry>
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: Region X (
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/
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)
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side
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BFD4645FFCFFFA68753F983FDCD166D" box="[543,600,1616,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">Lago</collectingMunicipality>
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/
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<collectingCounty id="62F8A4B3FFCFFFA68726F983FD7C166D" box="[618,745,1616,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">Llanquihue</collectingCounty>
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/ small falls on road (nr PN/
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<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFCFFFA68172F982FBE3166C" box="[1086,1142,1617,1643]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">VPR</collectionCode>
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)
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/
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<geoCoordinate id="EE12BAF8FFCFFFA6805AF982FA08166B" box="[1302,1437,1617,1644]" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="35.28" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" precision="9" value="-72.588">72°35.28′W</geoCoordinate>
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~
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<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFCFFFA685E9F9A7FF701689" box="[165,229,1652,1678]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" unit="m" value="100.0">
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<collectingDate id="EFDC0317FFCFFFA685B6F9A7FEF91689" box="[250,364,1652,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" value="2008-12-02">2.xii.2008</collectingDate>
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</date>
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GW Courtney/ (CH08-30)”; “
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<typeStatus id="549D629DFFCFFFA6879EF9A7FCFD1689" box="[722,872,1652,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCFFFA68631F9A7FBA81689" authorityName="Tonnoir. Two" authorityYear="1927" box="[893,1085,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFCFFFA68631F9A7FBA81689" box="[893,1085,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">Austrothaumalea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCFFFA6811CF9A7FB291689" authorityName="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton" authorityYear="2020" box="[1104,1212,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fredericki">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFCFFFA6811CF9A7FB291689" box="[1104,1212,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">fredericki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Pivar [red label]” (
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<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFCFFFA685D3F94BFF4B16B5" box="[159,222,1688,1714]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">CNC</collectionCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCFFFA6858BF96FFE151718" blockId="6.[151,1437,1580,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCFFFA6858BF96FFEC816D1" bold="true" box="[199,349,1724,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">Recognition.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is recognized by its cruciate parameres. The lateral, cross-like projections on the paramere are located at mid-length, concealed by the gonocoxal plate (in ventral view) and are much longer than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCFFFA685B4F8D7FEEC1719" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[248,377,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCFFFA685B4F8D7FEEC1719" box="[248,377,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">A. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFCFFFA9858BF8FBFC321432" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="518" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCFFFA6858BF8FBFB7A17D5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1580,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCFFFA6858BF8FBFE311745" bold="true" box="[199,420,1832,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">Description. Male.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCFFFA684E7F8FAFE2C1745" box="[427,441,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCFFFA684B9F8FBFDD61745" box="[501,579,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">Length</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFCFFFA68706F8FBFD311744" box="[586,676,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="515" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCFFFA687E3F8FBFCAD1745" box="[687,824,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCFFFA68604F8FBFC371745" box="[840,930,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-267@4.[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adult habitus photographs of Austrothaumalea, lateral view. A, A. apicalis (♂); B, A. spatulata (♂); C, A. chilensis (♂); D, A. fredericki sp. nov. (♂); E, A. setipennis stat. rev. (♀). R2+3, second + third radial vein. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411066/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="515">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head dull, dark brown; pronotum, postpronotum, postpronotal lobe and lateral margins of prescutum yellowish brown; prescutum and mesoscutum shiny, primarily yellow, with pleura yellowish brown; two lateral brown spots above scutoscutellar suture; scutellum and mediotergite shiny, yellow; paratergite yellowish brown; katepisternum mainly yellow, remaining pteropleuron yellowish brown; halter brown; legs pale brown, tarsi darker; abdomen brown; terminalia light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF598CB7FFCEFFA785DBF8A0FBD117D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411068" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411068/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="516" startId="7.[151,250,1907,1931]" targetBox="[151,1436,197,1877]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCEFFA785DBF8A0FBD117D5" blockId="7.[151,1437,1907,2003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA785DBF8A0FE81178C" bold="true" box="[151,276,1907,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral views of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCEFFA7874EF8A0FD25178C" authorityName="Tonnoir. Two" authorityYear="1927" box="[514,688,1907,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA7874EF8A0FD25178C" box="[514,688,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">Austrothaumalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
terminalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA78667F8A0FCD6178C" bold="true" box="[811,835,1907,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">A,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCEFFA78607F8A0FC2D178C" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[843,952,1907,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA78607F8A0FC2D178C" box="[843,952,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">A. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA7868AF8A0FC48178C" bold="true" box="[966,989,1907,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">B,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCEFFA786A8F8A0FBCF178C" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[996,1114,1907,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA786A8F8A0FBCF178C" box="[996,1114,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">A. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA78124F8A0FB14178C" bold="true" box="[1128,1153,1907,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">C,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCEFFA781C4F8A0FA92178C" authority="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton, 2020" authorityName="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton" authorityYear="2020" box="[1160,1287,1907,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fredericki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA781C4F8A0FA92178C" box="[1160,1287,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">A. fredericki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA78042F8A0FACC178C" bold="true" box="[1294,1369,1907,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A261BD56FFCEFFA78042F8A0FACC178C" box="[1294,1369,1907,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="516" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA7802BF8A0FAEA178C" bold="true" box="[1383,1407,1907,1931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">D,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCEFFA780CAF8A0FF6917A9" authorityName="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setipennis" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA780CAF8A0FF6917A9" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">A. setipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA78448F844FEF517A8" bold="true" box="[260,352,1943,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A261BD56FFCEFFA78448F844FEF517A8" box="[260,352,1943,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA78423F844FE1317A8" bold="true" box="[367,390,1943,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">E,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCEFFA784C2F844FD9C17A8" authorityName="Schmid. The" authorityYear="1970" box="[398,521,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCEFFA784C2F844FD9C17A8" box="[398,521,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="516">A. spatulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere. Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC1FFA8858BFF44FB5D10FE" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,249]" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA8858BFF44FE9110B6" box="[199,260,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Eyes above antennae broadly joined, barely exposing frons above antennae. Flagellomeres 1–3 expanded, subquadrate; 1 as long as 2 and 3 combined; flagellomeres 4–10 thin, cylindrical, becoming progressively more elongate. Vertex clothed in golden setae of uniform length, with sparse long, black orbital setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF598CB7FFC1FFA885DBF8B5FB6B17C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411070" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411070/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="517" startId="8.[151,250,1894,1918]" targetBox="[151,1430,280,1860]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC1FFA885DBF8B5FB6B17C1" blockId="8.[151,1437,1894,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA885DBF8B5FE861779" bold="true" box="[151,275,1894,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral views of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC1FFA884B3F8B5FD381779" authorityName="Tonnoir. Two" authorityYear="1927" box="[511,685,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA884B3F8B5FD381779" box="[511,685,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">Austrothaumalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
terminalia.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA8866BF8B5FCD51779" bold="true" box="[807,832,1894,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">A,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC1FFA8860BF8B4FC211779" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[839,948,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA8860BF8B4FC211779" box="[839,948,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">A. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA8868EF8B5FC4D1779" bold="true" box="[962,984,1894,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">B,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC1FFA886ACF8B4FBC01779" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[992,1109,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA886ACF8B4FBC01779" box="[992,1109,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">A. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA8812FF8B5FBE91779" bold="true" box="[1123,1148,1894,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">C,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC1FFA881CEF8B4FA941779" authority="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton, 2020" authorityName="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton" authorityYear="2020" box="[1154,1281,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fredericki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA881CEF8B4FA941779" box="[1154,1281,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">A. fredericki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA88044F8B5FACC1779" bold="true" box="[1288,1369,1894,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A261BD56FFC1FFA88044F8B5FACC1779" box="[1288,1369,1894,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="517" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA8802BF8B5FAEA1779" bold="true" box="[1383,1407,1894,1918]" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">D,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC1FFA880CAF8B4FF6917A5" authorityName="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setipennis" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA880CAF8B4FF6917A5" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">A. setipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA8844FF859FECA17A5" bold="true" box="[259,351,1930,1954]" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A261BD56FFC1FFA8844FF859FECA17A5" box="[259,351,1930,1954]" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA88422F859FE1017A5" bold="true" box="[366,389,1930,1954]" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">E,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC1FFA884C0F858FD9217A5" authorityName="Schmid. The" authorityYear="1970" box="[396,519,1930,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC1FFA884C0F858FD9217A5" box="[396,519,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="517">A. spatulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Abbreviations: c, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere. Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC0FFA9858BFF44FEBA10FE" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC0FFA9858BFF44FE8D10B6" box="[199,280,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotal setae longer than scutal setae. Scutum clothed dorsally in short setulae; notopleural, supra-alar and postsutural setae long, black. Pteropleuron bare. Fore- and mid legs with tarsomere 4 bilobed; hind tarsi broken, not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC0FFA9858BFED0FE1511D6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC0FFA9858BFED0FE94111B" box="[199,257,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
. Wing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFC0FFA984E8FED0FE69111A" box="[420,508,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="518" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Lightly infuscate throughout, slightly darker where R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA98119FEC6FBFA1124" attach="left" box="[1109,1135,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">4+5</subScript>
|
||
meets apex; apex rounded; C and posterior wing margin with fringe of microtrichia; Sc incomplete; R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA986A7FEEAFC661140" attach="left" box="[1003,1011,313,327]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA98173FEEAFBD21140" attach="left" box="[1087,1095,313,327]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">1</subScript>
|
||
(+R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA9813FFEEAFB191140" attach="left" box="[1139,1164,313,327]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">2+3</subScript>
|
||
) without three weakenings or depigmented gaps; R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA98495FE8EFE74116C" attach="left" box="[473,481,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">1</subScript>
|
||
(+R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA98741FE8EFDB2116C" attach="left" box="[525,551,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">2+3</subScript>
|
||
) with uniseriate row of microtrichia along entire length, remaining veins bare; R flexed into cell br; R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA984D0FE52FE201188" attach="left" box="[412,437,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">2+3</subScript>
|
||
crossvein very weak, situated slightly before midpoint of R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA98116FE52FBF71188" attach="left" box="[1114,1122,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">1</subScript>
|
||
(+R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA981C2FE52FB321188" attach="left" box="[1166,1191,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">2+3</subScript>
|
||
); bend in R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA98063FE52FADC1188" attach="left" box="[1327,1353,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">4+5</subScript>
|
||
gentle; R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA985E6FE76FF5111B4" attach="left" box="[170,196,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA98458FE76FE8911B4" attach="left" box="[276,284,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">1</subScript>
|
||
running parallel toward margin; M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA987E7FE76FD2611B4" attach="left" box="[683,691,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA98648FE76FC9911B4" attach="left" box="[772,780,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">2</subScript>
|
||
straight; M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFC0FFA986DCFE76FC0D11B4" attach="left" box="[912,920,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">4</subScript>
|
||
slightly sinuous; CuA with basal spur shorter than crossvein m-cu.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC0FFA9858BFE08FF5C1282" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC0FFA9858BFE08FEA411F2" box="[199,305,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal sternite 1 narrow, spectacle-shaped; sternite 2 with slender median sclerite and weakly sclerotized posterior trapezoid, few setae on posterior margin; sternites 3–7 rectangular, weakly sclerotized, setae restricted to posterior third; anterior margin of sternites 5–7 thin, well-sclerotized, sternite 7 arched slightly into preceding segment; sternite 8 triangular, bare, anterior margin well sclerotized, arched strongly into preceding sternite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC0FFA9858BFD5CFD2913CE" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC0FFA9858BFD5CFED412AE" box="[199,321,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC0FFA9841EFD5CFE2512AE" box="[338,432,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral views of male Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. fredericki sp.nov.; D, A. setipennis stat. rev.; E, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere.Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411068/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC0FFA984F1FD5DFE7712AE" box="[445,482,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,280,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-79@8.[151,1436,273,1870]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral views of male Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. fredericki sp. nov.; D, A. setipennis stat. rev.; E, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere. Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411070/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epandrium trapezoidal from ventral aspect; apical third slightly tapered; posterior margin broad, irregular; lacking pointed posterolateral processes. Hypandrium broad in ventral view, equal to basal width of gonostylus; anterior margin not concave. Gonocoxite broadest at basal third, tapered toward apex, inner margin smooth. Gonostylus about two-thirds length of gonocoxite, distal half strongly curved; broadest basally, gradually tapered to slightly pointed apex. Parameres distally fused, slightly more than half-length of epandrium, cruciform at mid-length, projected ventrally. Gonocoxal plate U-shaped, short, about one-third length of gonocoxite, well sclerotized; lateral arms divergent posteriorly into projections, distal inner margins weakly toothed; membrane extended to middle of paramere, with medial invagination; basally not fused to hypandrium. Cercus weakly sclerotized, situated along midline of epandrium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC0FFA9858BFC00FE3713EA" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,418,979,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC0FFA9858BFC00FEB013EA" bold="true" box="[199,293,979,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC0FFA9858BFC24FD821416" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,535,1014,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC0FFA9858BFC24FE0F1417" bold="true" box="[199,410,1014,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Immature Stages.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC0FFA9858BFBC9FC321432" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,935,1050,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC0FFA9858BFBC9FDA81433" bold="true" box="[199,573,1050,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Additional Material Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D629DFFC0FFA98671FBC8FC361432" box="[829,931,1051,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFC0FFA9858BFBEDFBEA145E" box="[199,1151,1086,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC0FFA9858BFBEDFBEA145E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,1151,1086,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC0FFA9858BFBEDFEF4145F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1086,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D629DFFC0FFA9872CFBECFD05145E" box="[608,656,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the Southern Andes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC0FFA986B5FBECFBD4145E" box="[1017,1089,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,181,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[275,1311,181,1258]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Known distribution of South American Austrothaumalea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411076/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFC0FFA98102FBECFBE7145E" box="[1102,1138,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1602,1626]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,344,1578]" captionTargetId="figure-93@15.[151,1436,344,1578]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Examples of Austrothaumalea habitats in Chile. A, rock face seep where A. chilensis and A. setipennis stat. rev. were collected (38°13′20.3″S 71°44′41.1″W); B, collection site of A. fredericki sp.nov. (41°08.47′S 72°35.28′W); C, collection site of A. spatulata (34°59′48.8″S 70°48′37.0″W); D, northernmost collection site of A. spatulata in the Chilean Matorral, inset showing small trickle of water where specimen was collected (34°46′29.2″S 70°40′03.9″W)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">9B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFC0FFA9858BFBB0FC1514EE" pageId="9" pageNumber="518" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFC0FFA9858BFBB0FC1514EE" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC0FFA9858BFBB0FEDB147A" bold="true" box="[199,334,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC0FFA9841BFBB0FD18147A" authorityName="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton" authorityYear="2020" box="[343,653,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="518" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fredericki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFC0FFA9841BFBB0FD18147A" box="[343,653,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Austrothaumalea fredericki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is named in honour of British dipterist Frederick W. Edwards, who was a primary author of the Natural History Museum’s (London) series of books entitled “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC0FFA981CFFB54FB4F14A6" box="[1155,1242,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="518" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Patagonia and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3319CAFFFC0FFA98592FB78FEB514C2" box="[222,288,1195,1221]" name="Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="518">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
”. Specifically, Edwards was heavily involved in writing the lower
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC0FFA9814CFB78FBC114C2" box="[1024,1108,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="518" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
chapters and laid the groundwork for future studies of many families, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFC0FFA98796FB1CFCE914EE" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1913" box="[730,892,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="518" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Thaumaleidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |