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<document id="697DDAB675888B246249DD2ACFCEC3F5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.155309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b195c5ca-7f2b-4f1b-a9a9-c1095c95d012" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="155309" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477237842213" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bernard Landry" docDate="2016" docId="03EA87B1FF8E821B7CDCF9FBFE72F93B" docLanguage="en" docName="13_Landry.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B.2:RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="225056F0A23C51DDC06AC27EAEA15D5B" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2015-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Penestola bufalis Guenee 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="367" masterDocId="FFD3FFC9FFBC822F7F6BFFD9FF94FF92" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="399" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="365" updateTime="1698390478594" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="312F1C1F1CDE8F644919262DBC5265A5">Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3899CC3D2591A293793FF4E67F70A079">Bernard Landry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F0D62EE9974A910020F4ED12BD18F094">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EA87B1FF8E821B7CDCF9FBFE72F93B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5823222" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557761" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5823222" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EA87B1FF8E821B7CDCF9FBFE72F93B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87B1FF8E821B7CDCF9FBFE72F93B" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8E821D7CDCF9FBFAB0F9AB" box="[951,1316,1570,1593]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7CDCF9FBFAB0F9AB" blockId="50.[951,1316,1570,1628]" box="[951,1316,1570,1593]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<heading id="D0B481CBFF8E821D7CDCF9FBFAB0F9AB" bold="true" box="[951,1316,1570,1593]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7CDCF9FBFAB0F9AB" authority="Guenee, 1854" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1854" box="[951,1316,1570,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Penestola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bufalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7CDCF9FBFAB0F9AB" bold="true" box="[951,1316,1570,1593]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7CDCF9FBFBE0F9AB" bold="true" box="[951,1140,1570,1593]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Penestola bufalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7BE9F9FBFA8AF9AB" author="Guenee M. A." box="[1154,1310,1570,1593]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de &amp; Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8E821D7C96F99AFB4BF9C8" box="[1021,1247,1603,1628]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7C96F99AFB4BF9C8" blockId="50.[951,1316,1570,1628]" box="[1021,1247,1603,1628]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8E821D7C96F99AFBE2F9C8" box="[1021,1142,1603,1628]" captionStart="Figs 41 - 48" captionStartId="17.[151,192,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,281,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[203,1384,257,1831]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 41 - 48. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (41, 42) Omiodes indicata. (41) ♂, Galápagos, Tagus Cove, emerged ex pupa on Desmodium glabrum, 20 - 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (42) ♀, Galápagos, Pinta, ± 50 m, 20. iii. 1992, MHNG. (43) Patania silicalis ♀, Galápagos, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (44, 45) Penestola bufalis. (44) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Cerro Inn, 28. iii. 1992, MHNG. (45) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, wall of Inverts. lab., 11 m, 6. iv. 2004, MHNG. (46, 47) Pilocrocis ramentalis. (46) ♂, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H. - Pittier, Estacion Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 15. vii. 2009, MHNG. (47) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 6. iii. 1992, MHNG. (48) Psara chathamalis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Bahía Conway, 14. iv. 1992, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162858/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Figs 44, 45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8E821D7BEAF99DFB3FF9CE" box="[1153,1195,1604,1628]" captionStart="Figs 119 - 121" captionStartId="47.[151,192,1694,1715]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,266,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[151,1437,259,1647]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figs 119 - 121. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and (b), the phallus. (119) Patania silicalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8989, Pinta. (120) Penestola bufalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8991, Santiago. (121) Pilocrocis ramentalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8992, Santiago." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162873/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">120</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF8E821D7BDCF99AFB4BF9C8" box="[1207,1247,1603,1626]" captionStart="Figs 163 - 167" captionStartId="71.[151,192,1970,1991]" captionTargetBox="[179,1405,263,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@71.[144,1429,254,1908]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Figs 163 - 167. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (163) Omiodes indicata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 9008, Galápagos, Isabela. (164) Palpita flegia: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8998, Colombia. (165) Patania silicalis: slide MHNG- ENTO- 8990, Galápagos, Isabela. (166) Penestola bufalis: slide CNC PYR 362, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (167) Pilocrocis ramentalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8695, Galápagos, San Cristóbal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162885/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">166</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8E821D7C54F9ABFAC8F969" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7C54F9ABFB12F914" blockId="50.[831,1436,1649,1788]" box="[831,1158,1649,1671]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FF8E821D7C54F9ABFB12F914" box="[831,1158,1649,1671]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7C54F9ABFB16F914" authority="Guenee, 1854: 245" authorityName="Guenee" authorityPageNumber="245" authorityYear="1854" box="[831,1154,1649,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Stenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bufalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7C54F9ABFC56F914" box="[831,962,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Stenia bufalis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF8E821D7CA2F9A8FB16F914" author="Guenee M. A." box="[969,1154,1649,1670]" page="245" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" year="1854">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7CA2F9A8FBC6F914" author="Guenee M. A." box="[969,1106,1649,1670]" editor="Boisduval J. B. A. D. de" journalOrPublisher="Species General des Lepidopteres 8" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="1 - 448" part="8" refString="Guenee M. A. 1854. Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp. 1 - 448. In: Boisduval J. B. A. D. de &amp; Guenee M. A., Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres 8 8. Roret, Paris." title="Deltoides et Pyralites. Pp" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Histoire naturelle des insectes" year="1854">Guenée, 1854</bibRefCitation>
: 245
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7C54F957FABBF953" blockId="50.[831,1436,1649,1788]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FF8E821D7C54F957FA08F936" box="[831,1436,1678,1701]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7C54F957FBC4F931" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[831,1104,1678,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Piletocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bufalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7C54F957FC7FF931" box="[831,1003,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Piletocera bufalis</emphasis>
(Guenée)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF8E821D7B32F957FA97F936" author="Schaus W." box="[1113,1283,1678,1700]" page="29" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7B32F957FB4AF936" author="Schaus W." box="[1113,1246,1678,1700]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica 5" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="22 - 48" part="2" refString="Schaus W. 1923. Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species. Zoologica 5 (2): 22 - 48, 2 pl." title="Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species" type="journal article" year="1923">Schaus, 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 29
</treatmentCitation>
. ‒
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7A4BF957FA08F936" author="Parkin P. &amp; Parkin, D. T. &amp; Ewing A. W. &amp; Ford H. A." box="[1312,1436,1678,1701]" journalOrPublisher="The Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="100 - 107" part="48" refString="Parkin P., Parkin, D. T., Ewing A. W., Ford H. A. 1972. A report on the arthropods collected by the Edinburgh University Galapagos Islands Expedition, 1968. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 48 (2): 100 - 107." title="A report on the arthropods collected by the Edinburgh University Galapagos Islands Expedition, 1968" type="journal article" year="1972">
Parkin
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7A0EF949FA03F931" box="[1381,1431,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">et al.</emphasis>
,
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
1972: 105. ‒
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7B61F975FB6FF953" author="Linsley E. G. &amp; Usinger R. L." box="[1034,1275,1708,1729]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 th series. 33" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="113 - 196" part="7" refString="Linsley E. G., Usinger R. L. 1966. Insects of the Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 th series. 33 (7): 113 - 196." title="Insects of the Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="1966">Linsley &amp; Usinger, 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 162.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7C54F910FAC8F969" blockId="50.[831,1436,1649,1788]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB531189FF8E821D7C54F910FA08F94D" box="[831,1436,1737,1759]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8E821D7C54F910FBD3F94C" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" box="[831,1095,1737,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Penestola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bufalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7C54F910FC70F94C" box="[831,996,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Penestola bufalis</emphasis>
(Guenée)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AE210B6FF8E821D7B25F910FA8AF94D" author="Peck S. B. &amp; Heraty J. &amp; Landry B. &amp; Sinclair B. J." box="[1102,1310,1737,1759]" page="227" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7B25F910FB64F94D" author="Peck S. B. &amp; Heraty J. &amp; Landry B. &amp; Sinclair B. J." box="[1102,1264,1737,1759]" journalOrPublisher="American Entomologist" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="218 - 237" part="44" refString="Peck S. B., Heraty J., Landry B., Sinclair B. J. 1998. Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. American Entomologist 44: 218 - 237." title="Introduced insect fauna of an oceanic archipelago: The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador" type="journal article" year="1998">
Peck
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7BE9F913FB26F94C" box="[1154,1202,1737,1759]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">et al.</emphasis>
, 1998
</bibRefCitation>
: 227
</treatmentCitation>
. ‒
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7A5CF913FA08F94D" author="Causton C. E. &amp; Peck S. B. &amp; Sinclair B. J. &amp; Roque-Albelo L. &amp; Hodgson C. J. &amp; Landry B." box="[1335,1436,1738,1759]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="121 - 143" part="99" refString="Causton C. E., Peck S. B., Sinclair B. J., Roque-Albelo L., Hodgson C. J., Landry B. 2006. Alien Insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99: 121 - 143." title="Alien Insects: Threats and implications for conservation of Galapagos Islands" type="journal article" year="2006">
Causton
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7AE0F913FA08F94D" box="[1419,1436,1738,1759]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">et</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7CE0F93FFC31F969" box="[907,933,1766,1787]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">al.</emphasis>
, 2006: 141. ‒
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF8E821D7B45F93FFACCF969" author="Roque-Albelo L. &amp; Landry B." box="[1070,1368,1766,1788]" editor="Bungartz F." journalOrPublisher="Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" pagination="2015" part="30" publicationUrl="http://www.darwinfoundation" refString="Roque-Albelo L., Landry B. 2015. Lepidoptera. In: Bungartz F., Herrera H., Jaramillo P., Tirado N., Jimenez-Uzcategui G., Ruiz D., Guezou A., Ziemmeck F. (eds.). Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundacion Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http: // www. darwinfoundation. org / datazone / checklists / terrestrial-invertebrates / Last updated 30 November 2015." title="Lepidoptera" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos Species Checklist - Lista de Especies de Galapagos de la Fundacion Charles Darwin" year="2015">Roque-Albelo &amp; Landry, 2015</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF8E821B7C54F8FBFDA9FD8C" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7C54F8FBFB83F8AB" blockId="50.[831,1437,1826,2078]" box="[831,1047,1826,1849]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<heading id="D0B481CBFF8E821D7C54F8FBFB83F8AB" bold="true" box="[831,1047,1826,1849]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7C54F8FBFB83F8AB" bold="true" box="[831,1047,1826,1849]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821D7C54F89DFBD7F8C9" blockId="50.[831,1437,1826,2078]" box="[831,1091,1859,1883]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7C54F89DFC08F8C9" box="[831,924,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF8E821D7C54F89DFC08F8C9" box="[831,924,1860,1883]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8E821D7CC0F89AFC47F8C9" box="[939,979,1859,1883]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF8E821D7C8AF89AFBA3F8C9" box="[993,1079,1859,1883]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8E821B7C54F8BAFDA9FD8C" blockId="50.[831,1437,1826,2078]" lastBlockId="52.[151,756,258,542]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7C54F8BAFC63F8E9" box="[831,1015,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Other specimens</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8E821D7B62F8BAFBA2F8E9" box="[1033,1078,1891,1915]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D45FD2EFF8E821D7B23F8BDFB16F8E9" box="[1096,1154,1892,1916]" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" type="female">20 ♀</specimenCount>
, 26 of undetermined sex from the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7CCFF85DFBF9F809" box="[932,1133,1924,1947]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
: –
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7BE5F85DFB67F809" box="[1166,1267,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Española</emphasis>
: Hood [no precise locality]. –
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7C82F87DFBF3F829" box="[1001,1127,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Fernandina</emphasis>
: Punta Espinosa; [no precise locality]. –
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8E821D7CD3F81CFB93F84E" box="[952,1031,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF8E821D7CD3F81CFB93F84E" box="[952,1031,1989,2012]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Isabela</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: n[ea]r. Punta
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF8E821D7BCAF81FFB62F84C" box="[1185,1270,1990,2014]" name="Haiti" pageId="50" pageNumber="365">Tortuga</collectingCountry>
, N Tagus Cove, edge of mangrove swamp, among Bursera graveolans; Puerto Villamil;
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7C98F7DFFBBEF78F" box="[1011,1066,2054,2078]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
W Puerto Villamil;
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF8E821D7A6FF7DFFAAFF78F" box="[1284,1339,2054,2078]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="365" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
W Puerto Villamil; Albermarle, San[to] Tomas, 1200 f[ee]t. alt [itude]. –
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF88821B7E62FEFAFEC7FEA8" box="[265,339,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Pinzón</emphasis>
: [no precise locality]. –
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF88821B7D1BFEFAFD79FEA8" box="[624,749,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7D1BFEFAFD79FEA8" box="[624,749,291,314]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF88821B7FFCFE9AFEADFECE" authority="Conway" authorityName="Conway" box="[151,313,323,348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bahia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7FFCFE9AFF41FEC8" box="[151,213,323,346]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Bahía</collectingRegion>
Conway
</taxonomicName>
; littoral zone,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF88821B7EBEFE9DFDBCFECE" box="[469,552,324,348]" name="Haiti" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Tortuga</collectingCountry>
Bay; Charles Darwin Research Station, wall on Invert[ebrate]s Lab[oratory]., GPS: elev[ation].
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF88821B7EC5FE5CFE7EFE0E" box="[430,490,389,413]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="11.0">11 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF88821B7E91FE5CFD0FFE0F" box="[506,667,389,413]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" precision="1" value="-0.7413">S 00° 44.478’</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE775060FF88821B7DC1FE5CFF78FE2F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" precision="1" value="-90.3022">W 90° 18.132’</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF88821B7F91FE7CFED7FE2F" box="[250,323,421,445]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">CDRS</collectionCode>
; vic[inity]. Mirador,
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF88821B7D42FE7DFDE6FE2E" box="[553,626,420,444]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="620.0">620 m</quantity>
; Indefatigable [no precise locality]. –
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF88821B7EADFE1FFDB1FE4F" box="[454,549,454,477]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7EADFE1FFDB1FE4F" box="[454,549,454,477]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Santiago</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Cerro Inn; James Bay. –
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF88821B7F8FFE3FFE12FE6C" box="[228,390,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Seymour Norte</emphasis>
: Arid zone. Deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF88821B7DF7FE3FFD64FE6C" box="[668,752,486,510]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">AMNH</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF88821B7FFCFDDFFF59FD8C" box="[151,205,518,542]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">CAS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF88821B7FB3FDDFFEB4FD8C" box="[216,288,518,542]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">CDRS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF88821B7E40FDDFFEF0FD8C" box="[299,356,518,542]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">CNC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF88821B7E1BFDDFFE39FD8C" box="[368,429,518,542]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">MCZ</collectionCode>
, and
<collectionCode id="ED52AE62FF88821B7E8FFDDFFDADFD8C" box="[484,569,518,542]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">MHNG</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3C662FFF8F821C7FFCF972FCA9F968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162875/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="366" targetBox="[167,1436,260,1633]" targetPageId="51">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF8F821C7FFCF972FCA9F968" blockId="51.[151,1436,1707,1788]" pageId="51" pageNumber="366">
Figs 125-127. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a and b from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus and b, the phallus. (125)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8F821C7D03F910FC9BF94F" box="[616,783,1736,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Samea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castellalis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8F821C7D03F910FC9BF94F" box="[616,783,1736,1758]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="366">Samea castellalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: slide MHNG ENTO, 8706, Isabela. (126)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8F821C7BDEF910FA9DF94F" box="[1205,1289,1736,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Samea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coffea" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8F821C7BDEF910FA9DF94F" box="[1205,1289,1736,1758]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="366">S. coffea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO-8719. (127)
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF8F821C7D53F93FFD48F968" box="[568,732,1765,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Samea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="366" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inconspicuella" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF8F821C7D53F93FFD48F968" box="[568,732,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="366">S. inconspicuella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF88821B7FFCFDECFD0FFC82" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF88821B7FFCFDECFD0FFC82" blockId="52.[151,757,565,785]" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF88821B7FFCFDECFE9BFDDE" bold="true" box="[151,271,565,588]" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Measuring
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF88821B7EF3FDECFD98FDDF" box="[408,524,565,589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="16.0">16-17 mm</quantity>
in wingspan for the available males (
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF88821B7E26FD8FFE08FDFC" box="[333,412,598,622]" captionStart="Figs 41 - 48" captionStartId="17.[151,192,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,281,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[203,1384,257,1831]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 41 - 48. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (41, 42) Omiodes indicata. (41) ♂, Galápagos, Tagus Cove, emerged ex pupa on Desmodium glabrum, 20 - 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (42) ♀, Galápagos, Pinta, ± 50 m, 20. iii. 1992, MHNG. (43) Patania silicalis ♀, Galápagos, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (44, 45) Penestola bufalis. (44) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Cerro Inn, 28. iii. 1992, MHNG. (45) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, wall of Inverts. lab., 11 m, 6. iv. 2004, MHNG. (46, 47) Pilocrocis ramentalis. (46) ♂, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H. - Pittier, Estacion Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 15. vii. 2009, MHNG. (47) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 6. iii. 1992, MHNG. (48) Psara chathamalis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Bahía Conway, 14. iv. 1992, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162858/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
) and
<quantity id="4CBB9B42FF88821B7EB1FD8FFDDDFDFC" box="[474,585,598,622]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">17-20 mm</quantity>
for the females (
<figureCitation id="13782A22FF88821B7FF4FDAFFF60FD1F" box="[159,244,630,653]" captionStart="Figs 41 - 48" captionStartId="17.[151,192,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,281,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[203,1384,257,1831]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 41 - 48. Neotropical specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (41, 42) Omiodes indicata. (41) ♂, Galápagos, Tagus Cove, emerged ex pupa on Desmodium glabrum, 20 - 25. v. 1992, MHNG. (42) ♀, Galápagos, Pinta, ± 50 m, 20. iii. 1992, MHNG. (43) Patania silicalis ♀, Galápagos, Alcedo, NE slope, 292 m, 30. iii. 2004, MHNG. (44, 45) Penestola bufalis. (44) ♂, Galápagos, Santiago, Cerro Inn, 28. iii. 1992, MHNG. (45) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, CDRS, wall of Inverts. lab., 11 m, 6. iv. 2004, MHNG. (46, 47) Pilocrocis ramentalis. (46) ♂, Venezuela, Aragua, PN H. - Pittier, Estacion Rancho Grande, 1100 m, 15. vii. 2009, MHNG. (47) ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, E. C. C. D., 6. iii. 1992, MHNG. (48) Psara chathamalis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Bahía Conway, 14. iv. 1992, MHNG." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/162858/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
), specimens of this species can be somewhat difficult to separate from the four other
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7DE9FD4EFD60FD3C" box="[642,756,663,686]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
species harbouring brown wings with darker markings. The key provided above under
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF88821B7D2BFD00FE07FC83" authority="Guenee" authorityName="Guenee" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Herpetogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaeopteralis" subFamily="Spilomelinae">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF88821B7D2BFD00FEBEFC9D" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Herpetogramma phaeopteralis</emphasis>
(Guenée)
</taxonomicName>
will help in this respect.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF88821B7FFCFCF1FED5FB17" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF88821B7FFCFCF1FED5FB17" blockId="52.[151,757,808,1157]" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF88821B7FFCFCF1FF63FCAD" bold="true" box="[151,247,808,831]" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Biology:</emphasis>
There are no records on the natural history of this species in the literature or on the Internet. Specimens were reared from seeds of Black Mangrove,
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF88821B7FFCFC53FEEFFC33" box="[151,379,906,929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="germinans">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF88821B7FFCFC53FEEFFC33" box="[151,379,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Avicennia germinans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) L. (
<taxonomicName id="4C434D24FF88821B7E8BFC50FDF8FC32" box="[480,620,905,928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Acanthaceae</taxonomicName>
) on
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7DC9FC50FD64FC32" box="[674,752,905,928]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Isabela</collectingRegion>
, by L. Roque-Albelo (deposited in CDRS) (Roque-
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF88821B7FFCFC13FEBFFC73" author="Roque-Albelo, L." bookContentInfo="306 pages" box="[151,299,970,993]" journalOrPublisher="Ecuador. Ph. D. dissertation" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" publicationUrl="http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56156/1/U584917.pdf" refString="Roque-Albelo, L. 2006. Diversity and ecology of the Lepidoptera in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Ph. D. dissertation. 306 pages. http: // orca. cf. ac. uk / 56156 / 1 / U 584917. pdf" title="Diversity and ecology of the Lepidoptera in the Galapagos Islands" type="book" year="2006">Albelo, 2006</bibRefCitation>
). In the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7EE6FC13FE6AFC73" box="[397,510,970,993]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
moths were collected mostly near sea level in anthropized habitats and others (
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7FF4FBD2FF64FBB0" box="[159,240,1035,1058]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Isabela</collectingRegion>
, Cerro Inn and Española) only modified by introduced mammal species such as goats. Collecting dates of the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7E72FB95FE1EFBF1" box="[281,394,1100,1123]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
specimens are in January, March, April, and May.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF88821B7FFCFB45FD21FAE5" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF88821B7FFCFB45FD21FAE5" blockId="52.[151,756,1180,1399]" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF88821B7FFCFB45FEBAFB21" bold="true" box="[151,302,1180,1203]" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Distribution:</emphasis>
Described from French
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF88821B7D3EFB45FD38FB26" box="[597,684,1180,1204]" name="Guyana" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, there are specimens in the BMNH also from
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF88821B7D13FB65FD64FB41" box="[632,752,1212,1235]" name="Guatemala" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7D13FB65FD64FB41" box="[632,752,1212,1235]" country="Guatemala" name="Guatemala" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Guatemala</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF88821B7FFCFB04FE95FB66" box="[151,257,1245,1268]" name="Honduras" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7E66FB07FEF0FB67" box="[269,356,1246,1269]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF88821B7E66FB07FEF0FB67" box="[269,356,1246,1269]" name="Panama" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Panama</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF88821B7E1AFB04FE49FB66" box="[369,477,1245,1268]" name="Colombia" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF88821B7E83FB04FDB8FB66" box="[488,556,1245,1268]" name="Brazil" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and many islands of the Antilles.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD24B56FF88821B7E56FB27FDBFFA86" author="Patterson B." box="[317,555,1277,1301]" journalOrPublisher="North American Moth Photographers Group" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" publicationUrl="http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu" refString="Patterson B. et al. 2015. North American Moth Photographers Group. http: // mothphotographersgroup. msstate. edu." title="et al" type="book" year="2015">
Patterson
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF88821B7ECCFB27FE42FA86" box="[423,470,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
also report it from south
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7FB5FAC7FEB8FAA7" box="[222,300,1310,1333]" country="Uruguay" name="Florida" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Florida</collectingRegion>
and south
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7ED8FAC6FE61FAA4" box="[435,501,1311,1334]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Texas</collectingRegion>
. In the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7D3EFAC7FD53FAA7" box="[597,711,1310,1333]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
the species is known from Española, Fernandina,
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7DCAFAE7FD64FAC7" box="[673,752,1342,1365]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Isabela" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Isabela</collectingRegion>
, Pinzón,
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7F84FA86FEF3FAE5" box="[239,359,1375,1399]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7E19FA87FE46FAE7" box="[370,466,1374,1397]" country="Philippines" name="Santiago" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Santiago</collectingRegion>
, and Seymour Norte.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C359652CFF88821B7FFCFA56FE72F93B" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFC36A7FF88821B7FFCFA56FE72F93B" blockId="52.[151,757,1422,1705]" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B937EAB5FF88821B7FFCFA56FE9EFA35" bold="true" box="[151,266,1423,1447]" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species was described from four females from Cayenne,
<collectingCountry id="F3547637FF88821B7EC4FA77FDC2FA57" box="[431,598,1454,1477]" name="French Guiana" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7EC4FA77FDC2FA57" box="[431,598,1454,1477]" country="France" name="Guyane" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">French Guiana</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
and three of them are in the BMNH. One of these lost its abdomen and the other two have theirs in a gelatine capsule. Their external characters match those of the
<collectingRegion id="4987F845FF88821B7DE8F9C9FD60F9B5" box="[643,756,1552,1575]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="52" pageNumber="367">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
specimen that I compared with them. I refrain from designating a
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF88821B7E5BF988FE06F9FA" box="[304,402,1617,1640]" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
for this taxon because it is well characterized and the fourth
<typeStatus id="54F88805FF88821B7EB1F9ABFDB9F918" box="[474,557,1650,1674]" pageId="52" pageNumber="367" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
may still turn up and have its abdomen attached.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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