430 lines
67 KiB
XML
430 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21975627-96b7-45c7-9c80-0a73a850169a" ID-PMC="PMC7387366" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-950-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" ID-PubMed="32774101" ID-ZooBank="3E805885D3354FB3AE8DFA443FAD82AE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-950-51" checkinTime="1595285263451" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Srisuka, Wichai, Fukuda, Masako & Saeung, Atiporn" docDate="2020" docId="EDD5F91428A857AC9FFC572664F8C6F8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 950: 51-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 950" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298" docTitle="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) thungchangense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9A667B98-3B35-4F7C-9F30-097D662CC2DB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" masterDocTitle="Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668169112888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Srisuka, Wichai</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P. O. Box 7, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Fukuda, Masako</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1 - 1, Hasama, Yufu City, Oita, 879 - 5593, Japan</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Saeung, Atiporn</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-5992</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">atisaeung.noi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>950</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>51</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>152</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-950-51</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3E805885D3354FB3AE8DFA443FAD82AE</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="165843357" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9A667B98-3B35-4F7C-9F30-097D662CC2DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EDD5F91428A857AC9FFC572664F8C6F8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="EDD5F914-28A8-57AC-9FFC-572664F8C6F8" authority="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) thungchangense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thungchangense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">Simulium (Gomphostilbia) thungchangense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="51">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, 2</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pupa and larva of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A-C pupa D-F larva. A gill filaments (left side; lateral view) B terminal hooks (caudal view) C cocoon (dorsal view) D mandible E hypostoma F head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (C); 0.1 mm (A, F); 0.02 mm (E); 0.01 mm for (B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433867" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, 3</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, 25Q</figureCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Holotype</emphasis>
|
|
: Male (with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (in 80% ethanol) labeled as "Holotype:
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium thungchangense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thungchangense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Simulium thungchangense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
male, QSBG col. no. 8, Thailand, 24-I-2019, by W. Srisuka", collected from a stream (width 60 cm, depth 10 cm, bed sandy, moderate flow, pH 6.9, 17.9 °C, exposed to the sun, elevation 1,376 m,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.4" value="18.545666">18°32'44.4"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="53.0" value="98.514725">98°30'53.0"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), at Siribhum waterfall, Chom thong District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, 24-I-2019, by W. Srisuka (Coll. No. 8).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
|
: 10 females, 10 males (one male for DNA analysis) (with their associated pupal exuviae and cocoons), and 20 mature larvae (two mature larvae for DNA analysis) (in 80% ethanol), same data as for holotype; one male (with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) and one pharate male (with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (in 80% ethanol), collected from a stream (18 °C, elevation 1,470 m) from Phu Kha, Samorrophum, Thung Chang District, Nan Province, 2-XII-2004, by W. Choochote.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
Female: mandible with several teeth on the outer margin and hind tibia yellowish on little more than the basal half (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Male: small number of upper-eye facets in nine vertical columns and 12 horizontal rows, presence of many hairs on the subcosta and much widened hind basitarsus 1.5-1.7 times as wide as the hind femur. Pupa: dorsal surface of abdominal segments 1 and 2 sparsely covered with minute tubercles. Larva: postgenal cleft as long as or little longer than the postgenal bridge (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pupa and larva of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A-C pupa D-F larva. A gill filaments (left side; lateral view) B terminal hooks (caudal view) C cocoon (dorsal view) D mandible E hypostoma F head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (C); 0.1 mm (A, F); 0.02 mm (E); 0.01 mm for (B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433867" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">3F</figureCitation>
|
|
) and abdominal segments 1-4 light greenish or greenish grey (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">25Q</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
|
Female of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. thungchangense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="thungchangense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. thungchangense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
|
third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
|
|
cibarium (anterior view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
|
hind tibia (left side; lateral view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
|
|
hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
|
|
claw
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
|
|
sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
|
|
genital fork (ventral view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">H, I</emphasis>
|
|
paraprocts and cerci (right side
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">H</emphasis>
|
|
ventral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">I</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">J</emphasis>
|
|
spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C, D</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.02 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A, B, F-J</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.01 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Female</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 10). Body length 2.5-2.6 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
|
|
Slightly narrower than width of thorax. Frons dark brown, densely covered with yellowish white scale-like recumbent short hairs interspersed with few dark longer hairs near vertex; frontal ratio 1.8-1.9:1.0:2.5-2.6; frons:head ratio 1.0:4.2-4.7. Fronto-ocular area well developed, narrow, directed dorsolaterally. Clypeus dark brown, densely covered with yellowish white scale-like hairs interspersed with several dark longer hairs on each side. Labrum 0.62-0.68 times length of clypeus. Antenna composed of scape, pedicel and nine flagellomeres, dark brown except scape, pedicel and base of first flagellomere yellow. Maxillary palpus composed of five palpomeres, light to medium brown, proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.1:2.6; sensory vesicle (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1A</figureCitation>
|
|
) ellipsoidal, medium-long (0.33-0.38 times length of third palpal segment), with medium-sized opening. Lacinia with 10-12 inner and 12-16 outer teeth. Mandible with 23-26 inner teeth and five to eight outer teeth at some distance from tip. Cibarium (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1B</figureCitation>
|
|
) medially forming sclerotized plate folded forward from posterior margin, with weakly sclerotized mediolongitudinal ridge with dark bifid apex.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
|
Scutum dark brown except anterolateral calli ochreous, and three blackish longitudinal vittae (one median, two submedian) faintly visible, thinly pruinose and shiny when illuminated at certain angles, densely covered with yellow scale-like recumbent short hairs. Scutellum medium brown, covered with yellow short hairs and dark-brown long upright hairs along posterior margin. Postnotum dark brown, slightly shiny when illuminated at certain angles, and bare. Pleural membrane ochreous and bare. Katepisternum longer than deep, medium to dark brown, shiny when illuminated at certain angles, moderately covered with fine yellow and brown short hairs.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Legs.</emphasis>
|
|
Foreleg: coxa and trochanter whitish yellow; femur dark yellow to light brown with apical cap medium brown (though extreme tip yellowish); tibia yellowish white except apical one-fourth brownish black and covered with white fine hairs on basal four-fifths; tarsus brownish black, with moderate dorsal hair crest; basitarsus moderately dilated, 6.6-6.9 times as long as its greatest width. Midleg: coxa medium brown except posterolateral surface dark brown; trochanter whitish yellow; femur light to medium brown with basal one-fourth whitish yellow and apical cap medium brown (though extreme tip yellowish); tibia whitish yellow on basal two-fifths and light to dark brown on rest (though whitish yellow on basal half or little more on posterior surface in some females), and covered with yellowish fine hairs on posterior and inner surfaces of basal two-thirds; tarsus dark brown to brownish black though basal one-third of basitarsus dark yellow (its border not well defined). Hind leg: coxa medium brown with apical one-third yellow; trochanter whitish yellow; femur medium brown with base whitish yellow and apical cap dark brown (though extreme tip yellowish white); tibia (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1C</figureCitation>
|
|
) yellowish white on basal half and light brown to brownish black on rest, covered with whitish fine hairs on outer and posterior surfaces of little more than basal three-fourths; tarsus brownish black except basal two-thirds (though base light brown) and basal half of second tarsomere yellowish white; basitarsus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1D</figureCitation>
|
|
) narrow, nearly parallel-sided, though slightly narrowed apically, 5.9-6.4 times as long as wide, and 0.7-0.8 and 0.6 times as wide as greatest widths of tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1D</figureCitation>
|
|
) nearly as long as width at base, and 0.5 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus; pedisulcus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1D</figureCitation>
|
|
) well developed; claw (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1E</figureCitation>
|
|
) with large basal tooth 0.5 times length of claw.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Wing.</emphasis>
|
|
Length 2.2-2.4 mm. Costa with dark spinules and hairs except basal patch of hairs yellow. Subcosta with dark hairs except near apex bare. Hair tuft on base of radius yellow. Basal portion of radius fully haired; R1 with dark spinules and hairs; R2 with hairs only. Basal cell absent.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Halter</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
White except basal portion darkened.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
|
Basal scale ochreous, with fringe of whitish yellow hairs. Dorsal surface of abdomen medium to dark brown except anterior half of segment 2 ochreous, moderately covered with dark short to long hairs; tergites of segments 2 and 6-9 shiny when illuminated at certain angles. Ventral surface of segments 2-4 yellow and those of other segments medium to dark brown; sternal plate on segment 7 undeveloped.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Terminalia.</emphasis>
|
|
Sternite 8 (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1F</figureCitation>
|
|
) bare medially, with 19 or 20 medium-long to long hairs together with three or four slender short hairs on each side. Ovipositor valves (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1F</figureCitation>
|
|
) tongue-like, thin, membranous, each moderately covered with microsetae interspersed with one or two short hairs; inner margins slightly concave medially, somewhat sclerotized, and moderately separated from each other. Genital fork (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1G</figureCitation>
|
|
) of usual inverted-Y form, with slender stem; arms of moderate width, moderately folded medially. Paraproct in ventral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1H</figureCitation>
|
|
) somewhat concave anterolaterally, with five or six sensilla on anteromedial surface; paraproct in lateral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1I</figureCitation>
|
|
) somewhat produced ventrally beyond ventral tip of cercus, 0.6-0.7 times as long as wide, with 22-25 medium-long to long hairs on ventral and lateral surfaces. Cercus in lateral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1I</figureCitation>
|
|
) short, slightly rounded posteriorly, 0.4 times as long as wide. Spermatheca (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A third palpal segment with sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B cibarium (anterior view) C hind tibia (left side; lateral view) D hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) E claw F sternite 8 and ovipositor valves (ventral view) G genital fork (ventral view) H, I paraprocts and cerci (right side H ventral view I lateral view) J spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C, D); 0.02 mm (A, B, F-J); 0.01 mm (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433865" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1J</figureCitation>
|
|
) ellipsoidal, 1.4 times as long as its greatest width, well sclerotized and darkened except duct and small area near juncture with duct unpigmented, and with many fissures on outer surface; internal setae absent; both accessory ducts slender, subequal in diameter to major one.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Male</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 14). Body length 2.6-3.1 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
|
|
Nearly as wide as thorax. Upper eye vermilion, consisting of large facets in 9 (rarely 10) vertical columns and 12 horizontal rows on each side. Clypeus brownish black, whitish pruinose, densely covered with golden-yellow scale-like medium-long hairs (mostly directed upward) interspersed with several dark-brown simple longer hairs near lower margin. Antenna composed of scape, pedicel and nine flagellomeres, medium to dark brown except scape, pedicel, and base of first flagellomere yellow; first flagellomere elongate, 1.8 times length of second. Maxillary palpus light brown, with five palpal segments, proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpomeres 1.0:1.1-1.2:2.7-3.0; third palpomere (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2A</figureCitation>
|
|
) slender; sensory vesicle (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2A</figureCitation>
|
|
) small, ellipsoidal (0.18-0.24 times length of third palpal segment), and with small opening.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
Male of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. thungchangense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="thungchangense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. thungchangense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
|
sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
|
|
hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
|
coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
|
|
style (right side; ventrolateral view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
|
|
ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
|
|
ventral plate (caudal view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
|
|
median sclerite (caudal view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">H</emphasis>
|
|
paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">I, J</emphasis>
|
|
tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">I</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">J</emphasis>
|
|
caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.02 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A, C-J</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
|
Scutum dark brown to brownish black except anterolateral calli ochreous, shiny and white pruinose when illuminated at certain angles, and densely covered with whitish yellow scale-like recumbent short hairs. Scutellum dark brown, covered with yellow short hairs and dark-brown long upright hairs along posterior margin. Postnotum brownish black, slightly shiny and white pruinose when illuminated at certain angles, and bare. Pleural membrane ochreous and bare. Katepisternum dark brown, longer than deep, shiny and white pruinose when illuminated at certain angles, moderately covered with yellow and brown fine short hairs.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Legs.</emphasis>
|
|
Foreleg: coxa whitish yellow; trochanter light brown; femur light brown except apical tip yellowish; tibia whitish yellow except little more than apical one-third dark brown, and covered with white hairs on whitish yellow portion; tarsus brownish black; basitarsus slightly dilated, 8.4-8.7 times as long as its greatest width. Midleg: coxa dark brown except posterolateral surface brownish black; trochanter dark yellow to light brown except base yellow; femur light to medium brown with base yellowish and apical cap dark brown (though apical tip yellow); tibia dark brown except basal one-third (or little more on posterior surface) whitish yellow; tarsus dark brown except basal one-fourth or less of basitarsus dark yellow to light brown (border not well defined). Hind leg: coxa dark brown; trochanter yellowish; femur medium to dark brown with base yellow and apical cap brownish black (though apical tip yellow); tibia dark brown to brownish black except little more than basal two-fifths whitish yellow; tarsus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2B</figureCitation>
|
|
) brownish black except basal two-fifths of basitarsus and little less than basal half of second tarsomere whitish yellow; basitarsus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2B</figureCitation>
|
|
) enlarged, 3.3-3.7 times as long as wide, and 1.1-1.2 and 1.5-1.7 times as wide as greatest width of tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2B</figureCitation>
|
|
) slightly shorter than basal width, and 0.23 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus; pedisulcus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2B</figureCitation>
|
|
) well developed.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Wing.</emphasis>
|
|
Length 2.2-2.4 mm. Other characters as in female except subcosta with 9-13 hairs.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Halter.</emphasis>
|
|
Dull white except basal stem darkened.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
|
Basal scale dark brown, with fringe of light-brown hairs. Dorsal surface of abdomen medium brown to brownish black, covered with dark brown short to long hairs except segment 2 with yellowish hairs; segments 2 and 5-8 each with pair of shiny dorsolateral or lateral patches; ventral surface of segment 2 yellow, those of segments 3 and 4 yellow though sternal plates light brown, and those of other segments medium to dark brown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Genitalia.</emphasis>
|
|
Coxite in ventral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2C</figureCitation>
|
|
) nearly rectangular, 1.7 times as long as its greatest width. Style in ventral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2C</figureCitation>
|
|
) bent inward, with triangular apex having single spine; style in ventrolateral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2D</figureCitation>
|
|
) slightly tapered toward apex, with truncated apex. Ventral plate in ventral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2C</figureCitation>
|
|
) with body transverse, 0.6 times as long as wide, with anterior margin produced anteromedially, posterior margin somewhat concave medially, and lateral margin emarginated medially, and densely covered with microsetae on ventral surface; basal arms of moderate length, slightly divergent, then convergent apically; ventral plate in lateral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2E</figureCitation>
|
|
) moderately produced ventrally; ventral plate in caudal view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2F</figureCitation>
|
|
) rounded ventrally, densely covered with microsetae on posterior surface. Median sclerite (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2G</figureCitation>
|
|
) plate-like, wide. Parameres (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2H</figureCitation>
|
|
) of moderate size, each with four distinct long and medium-long stout hooks, and without minute setae on outer surface of basal arm. Aedeagal membrane (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2H</figureCitation>
|
|
) moderately setose; dorsal plate not defined. Ventral surface of abdominal segment 10 (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2I, J</figureCitation>
|
|
) slightly sclerotized along anterior margin and without distinct hairs near posterolateral corners. Cercus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A sensory vesicle (right side; anterior view) B hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) C coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) D style (right side; ventrolateral view) E ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) F ventral plate (caudal view) G median sclerite (caudal view) H paramere and aedeagal membrane (right half; caudal view) I, J tenth abdominal segments and cerci (right side I lateral view J caudal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (B); 0.02 mm (A, C-J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433866" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2I, J</figureCitation>
|
|
) small, rounded, with 12-17 hairs.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Pupa</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 24). Body length 2.5-3.3 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
|
|
Integument deep yellow, moderately covered with small round tubercles except antennal sheaths and ventral surface almost bare; antennal sheath without any protuberances; frons with three pairs of unbranched long trichomes with or without coiled apices; face with pair of unbranched (rarely bifid) long trichomes with straight apices; three frontal trichomes on each side arising close together, subequal in length to one another and slightly longer than facial one.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
|
Integument deep yellow, moderately covered with round tubercles, and with three long dorsomedial trichomes with coiled apices, two long anterolateral trichomes (anterior trichome more slender and shorter with straight or coiled apex, posterior one with coiled apex), one medium-long mediolateral trichome with straight apex, and three ventrolateral trichomes (one medium-long, two short) with straight apices, on each side; all trichomes unbranched. Gill (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pupa and larva of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A-C pupa D-F larva. A gill filaments (left side; lateral view) B terminal hooks (caudal view) C cocoon (dorsal view) D mandible E hypostoma F head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (C); 0.1 mm (A, F); 0.02 mm (E); 0.01 mm for (B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433867" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">3A</figureCitation>
|
|
) composed of eight slender thread-like filaments, arranged as [3+(1+2)]+2 (or rarely [(2+1)+(1+2)]+2 or [(2+1)+3]+2) from dorsal to ventral, with medium-long common basal stalk having somewhat swollen transparent basal fenestra at base; common basal stalk 0.7-0.8 times length of interspiracular trunk; dorsal and middle triplets sharing short stalk, and dorsal triplet mostly composed of three individual filaments arising at same level, middle triplet typically composed of one individual and two paired filaments with extremely short secondary stalk; stalk of ventral pair of filaments variable in length, 0.7-1.6 times length of common basal stalk, and 0.6-1.1 times length of interspiracular trunk, and 0.9 times as thick as common stalk of middle and dorsal triplets; primary stalk of dorsal triplet lying against that of lower pair at angle of 60-90° when viewed laterally; filaments of dorsal and middle triplets subequal in length (2.2-2.7 mm) and thickness to one another; two filaments of ventral pair subequal in length (3.0-3.4 mm) and thickness to each other and 1.3 times as thick as six other filaments of dorsal and middle triplets when compared basally; all filaments yellow to light brown, gradually tapered toward apex; cuticle of all filaments with well-defined annular ridges and furrows though becoming less marked apically, densely covered with minute tubercles.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433867" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
Pupa and larva of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. thungchangense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="thungchangense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. thungchangense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A-C</emphasis>
|
|
pupa
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D-F</emphasis>
|
|
larva.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
|
gill filaments (left side; lateral view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
|
|
terminal hooks (caudal view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
|
cocoon (dorsal view)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
|
|
mandible
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
|
|
hypostoma
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
|
|
head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A, F</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.02 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.01 mm for (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B, D</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
|
Dorsally, all segments unpigmented or light yellowish except segment 9 and bases of spine-combs of segments 6-8 yellow; segments 1 and 2 sparsely covered with minute tubercles; segment 1 with one unbranched slender short hair-like seta on each side; segment 2 with one unbranched slender short hair-like seta and five somewhat spinous minute setae submedially on each side; segments 3 and 4 each with four hooked spines and one somewhat spinous minute seta on each side; segment 5 lacking spine-combs and comb-like groups of minute spines on each side; segments 6-9 each with spine-combs in transverse row and comb-like groups of micro-spines on each side; segment 5 with four minute setae on each side; segments 6-8 each with two minute setae on each side; segment 9 with pair of wide flat terminal hooks (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pupa and larva of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A-C pupa D-F larva. A gill filaments (left side; lateral view) B terminal hooks (caudal view) C cocoon (dorsal view) D mandible E hypostoma F head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (C); 0.1 mm (A, F); 0.02 mm (E); 0.01 mm for (B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433867" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">3B</figureCitation>
|
|
), of which outer margin 2.7 times length of inner margin and crenulated when viewed caudally. Ventrally, segment 4 with one unbranched hook (subequal in size to those on segments 5-7) and few slender short setae, of which one is much longer and stouter, on each side; segment 5 with pair of bifid or trifid hooks submedially and few short slender setae on each side; segments 6 and 7 each with pair of bifid inner and unbranched outer hooks somewhat spaced from each other and few short slender setae on each side; segments 4-8 each with comb-like groups of micro-spines. Each side of segment 9 with three grapnel-shaped hooklets.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Cocoon</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pupa and larva of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A-C pupa D-F larva. A gill filaments (left side; lateral view) B terminal hooks (caudal view) C cocoon (dorsal view) D mandible E hypostoma F head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (C); 0.1 mm (A, F); 0.02 mm (E); 0.01 mm for (B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433867" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">3C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Slipper-shaped, roughly to moderately woven, widely extended ventrolaterally; anterior margin thickly woven medially, often with bulge or short projection; posterior three-fifths with floor roughly woven; individual threads visible; 3.4-4.2 mm long by 2.2-3.5 mm wide.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 20). Body length 5.5-6.5 mm. Body creamy white to light ochreous with following color markings: thoracic segment 1 encircled with distinct ochreous band (though disconnected ventromedially), thoracic segments 2 and 3 ochreous on ventral surface; abdominal segments 1-4 entirely light green or greenish grey, abdominal segment 4 with reddish brown transverse band (though often partially faded, leaving narrow band or small spot(s) dorsally), abdominal segment 5 with distinct reddish brown, W-shaped, transverse band dorsally, abdominal segment 6 often with three distinct, reddish brown spots (one round dorsomedial spot and two lateral spots of various size and shape), dorsal and dorsolateral surface of abdominal segments 5-8 faintly to distinctly covered with pinkish pigment (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">25Q</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
|
|
Head capsule yellow to dark yellow except eye-spot region whitish, sparsely covered with minute setae (though moderately on dorsal surface); head spots faintly positive or indistinct. Antenna composed of three articles and apical sensillum, longer than stem of labral fan; proportional lengths of first, second, and third articles 1.0:0.8:0.7. Labral fan with 29-31 primary rays. Mandible (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pupa and larva of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A-C pupa D-F larva. A gill filaments (left side; lateral view) B terminal hooks (caudal view) C cocoon (dorsal view) D mandible E hypostoma F head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (C); 0.1 mm (A, F); 0.02 mm (E); 0.01 mm for (B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433867" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">3D</figureCitation>
|
|
) with three comb-teeth decreasing in length from first tooth to third; mandibular serration composed of two teeth (one medium sized, one small); major tooth at angle of little less than 90° against mandible on apical side; supernumerary serrations absent. Hypostoma (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pupa and larva of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A-C pupa D-F larva. A gill filaments (left side; lateral view) B terminal hooks (caudal view) C cocoon (dorsal view) D mandible E hypostoma F head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (C); 0.1 mm (A, F); 0.02 mm (E); 0.01 mm for (B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433867" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">3E</figureCitation>
|
|
) with row of nine apical teeth, of which median tooth little longer than each corner tooth; lateral margin smooth; four or five hypostomal bristles per side lying nearly parallel to lateral margin. Postgenal cleft (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pupa and larva of S. thungchangense sp. nov. A-C pupa D-F larva. A gill filaments (left side; lateral view) B terminal hooks (caudal view) C cocoon (dorsal view) D mandible E hypostoma F head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (C); 0.1 mm (A, F); 0.02 mm (E); 0.01 mm for (B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433867" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">3F</figureCitation>
|
|
) small, rounded, 1.0-1.2 times length of postgenal bridge. Cervical sclerites composed of pair of small yellow rod-like pieces.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">abdomen</emphasis>
|
|
. Cuticle sparsely covered with unpigmented minute setae (though few posterior abdominal segments sparsely covered also with dark minute unbranched setae) dorsally; last abdominal segment densely covered with unbranched colorless minute setae on dorsolateral and lateral surfaces of each side of anal sclerite and on each lateral surface even down to base of ventral papilla. Rectal scales minute, unpigmented. Rectal organ compound, each of three lobes with seven or eight finger-like secondary lobules. Anal sclerite of usual X-form, with anterior arms 1.2 times as long as posterior ones, broadly sclerotized at base; no sensilla on broad base and posterior to posterior arms; accessory sclerite absent. Last abdominal segment with pair of large conical ventral papillae. Posterior circlet with 80-86 rows of hooklets with up to 14 or 15 hooklets per row.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
The species name,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="thungchangense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="thungchangense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">thungchangense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, refers to the district, Thung Chang, one of the two localities where this species was collected.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thailand (Chiang Mai and Nan).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
This new species is similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. chaudinhense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="chaudinhense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. chaudinhense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Takaoka & Sofian-Azirun described from Vietnam (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B22" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Ya'cob, Z, Chen, CD, Lau, KW, Low, VL, Pham, XD, Adler, PH, 2017a. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261, 1-165. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" title="The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261, 1 - 165." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" year="2017 a">Takaoka et al. 2017a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) in many characters including the presence of teeth on the outer margin of the female mandible, small number of male upper-eye facets, and pupal abdominal segments 1 and 2 each with small tubercles on the dorsal surface. However, it is distinguished from the latter species by the male hind basitarsus 1.5-1.7 times as wide as the hind femur, and larval abdominal segments 1-4 light green or greenish grey (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">25Q</figureCitation>
|
|
) (in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. chaudinhense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="chaudinhense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. chaudinhense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the male hind basitarsus is 1.2-1.3 times as wide as the hind femur and larval abdominal segments 1 and 2 are greyish).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |