294 lines
40 KiB
XML
294 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101372" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-73-717" ID-Pensoft-UUID="318B657A15AB5708B3C35FC1A82B4945" ID-ZooBank="8F3D5EDA2F184E5CA53E2F7741FF1339" ModsDocID="2625-8498-73-717" checkinTime="1695893367890" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Szyndlar, Zbigniew & Georgalis, Georgios L." docDate="2023" docId="E2B7FC492D9AEFFF10CA9C843033A1B3" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 73: 717-886" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 73" docPubDate="2023-09-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101372" docTitle="Cylindrophis Wagler 1828" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="318B657A15AB5708B3C35FC1A82B4945" lastPageNumber="717" masterDocId="318B657A15AB5708B3C35FC1A82B4945" masterDocTitle="An illustrated atlas of the vertebral morphology of extant non-caenophidian snakes, with special emphasis on the cloacal and caudal portions of the column" masterLastPageNumber="886" masterPageNumber="717" pageNumber="717" updateTime="1695893367890" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="396926AAFAAF7772E070E665949D41A6">
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<mods:title id="397A7566018361A935AB5D7853E4B60E">An illustrated atlas of the vertebral morphology of extant non-caenophidian snakes, with special emphasis on the cloacal and caudal portions of the column</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1FDE2B86936B3C2788639ADC045281D7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F8D785C1021BCF1CE2197182214110D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7EA547A9E0E61DCC04872FF4ECCC7969">Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C3C0D5A53EA5DA33C3334FBCC987963">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FEE3144FAA58C71425B568F025594D3E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DDD7F2D7896830CA9C84AE30A859C794">Georgalis, Georgios L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1339C69EBE3556B9B2E55B4207E25C87" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-6146</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="53A4CEB3BE6D1E06D48820C0C4E0FB44">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F32906DEADCC85DF6FC0301202388726" type="email">dimetrodon82@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FAD4D763BA07ED4AF3198DE476658D0B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="594A6E8F2283CCCE3BC854CE5DA3F1D9">Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="86C382A4EB7C75422D641DC0732987E0">
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<mods:date id="291DB048C7DAFB98D13E27291EB25ED9">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8798264F0882C2505141FC062DF9055A">2023-09-27</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="888635B880C4A60ABE847083FF806702" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="030D37D853E09A6E73C42BE793E6A408">73</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="398681B4AB01372FDAB8229D7D4C7C1F">717</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="1319E19B04619AE2606C043D6473C5C8">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101372</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="954D3EFA43E0AA17E396751791F7C53E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8BE9A97B2E4CFF3F392F735BE06FA1C1" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101372</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E2B7FC492D9AEFFF10CA9C843033A1B3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E2B7FC492D9AEFFF10CA9C843033A1B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2B7FC492D9AEFFF10CA9C843033A1B3" lastPageNumber="717" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<subSubSection id="3AADA18F24EB51F66B524B5BC03D0AA5" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3C864AB77FD11A85BD0D6B97B10B7D41" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName id="25A0EBE9A05A198026A3F56067FBBABB" authority="Wagler, 1828" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D93C77DFAFA6414D5662AD0BB6CB8EED" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8E5BED2A853A8FAA9F6A998DEAA50DF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="96C81E437036261489A9CC3DF0454149" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName id="C77378FE10072B276D8493846AE131A8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis maculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="F6A7907CA7B1182503E4C6A82D68438D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus, 1758) (ZFMK 16549);
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<taxonomicName id="1BC050D81B93DB0F380418768291BC1B" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
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<emphasis id="DC1FB53AD598971583A1F7A8802FFE77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Laurenti, 1768) (NHMUK uncat.; UF Herp 143722 [Morphosource.org: Media 000445111, ark:/87602/m4/445111]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7362FC7C5E73C4DA2522711B0D6AED39" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8707621CCFF85D75DD721E185D32E320" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Description (Figs 36-42).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CAE4E31BDD67739BBEC43FE171014DFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="4FF74194A6BF91FCF27F10F7A4A99EAD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="32C4973053E4E4A354C71DB740EB7BA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Trunk vertebrae</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Centrum elongate; cotyle and condyle strongly depressed; neural arch depressed; posterior median notch of the neural arch absent or very shallow; neural spine vestigial and restricted to the posterior portion of the neural arch, disappearing entirely in the posterior vertebrae; prezygapophyseal accessory processes short; relatively elongated hypapophyses restricted to the anterior trunk vertebrae (approximately 36-40 in
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<taxonomicName id="B73C10962F81F0FFA85532A7D08DEBA7" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
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<emphasis id="B0BD5CE99A54468EEC4372FB1C328B33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and 50 in
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<taxonomicName id="B310FC35624A9BC98D693350BEBDECBF" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis maculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="7E38154A7887C1A88BC14EB740033AE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); in more posterior trunk vertebrae haemal keel poorly developed and flattened; paracotylar foramina absent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="C54847BD62B01046745EAB7C6FA2B555" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912926" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 36" startId="F36">
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<paragraph id="C6F4C2BECF94B17CEAF0C7844A21AE4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="2FDECEC95E937DC56D97501246575156" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 36.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="2E9413DF32ABE55AA1ADC7822D80E5E6" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cylindrophiidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="F1DE4655CC36D2EE45560E131AED589B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis maculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="D09A3E6EC637C57DFABB6FA328D158B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZFMK 16549), anterior trunk vertebrae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="E97DF47A67CBCD0ABBF3DF0D198D16DA" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure37" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912927" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 37" startId="F37">
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<paragraph id="611454C77C9707BC315738F432A06B21" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="D3240A2A1F5D53F3C72209E8C9C48FA1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 37.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D60539C808145A6A95FCAC6DC1D4CED3" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cylindrophiidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="5F418F4819D17512B2E6E385B05210F1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis maculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="963DC7D3EB77C7BC8CA6C8C28A021C12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZFMK 16549), trunk vertebrae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="2729C3D80503032DD40FE0DA9FC48C17" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure38" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912928" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 38" startId="F38">
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<paragraph id="01F44B96A4F3E1DE485FB25113E185A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="3F0DAD5A939937EE2E4569D0C93F64C8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 38.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DE54C43E1484812C9C5A12180615E474" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cylindrophiidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="19DC0561440540B83B2B193CB6469FBF" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis maculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="7CE8DFBA3D2770C6D28F9F5F22E5495C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZFMK 16549), mid- and posterior trunk vertebrae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="630CAFFD474D8DC2982F3657707F1120" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912929" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 39" startId="F39">
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<paragraph id="01AD0A527BB7339CDF48E31EC6A58DFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="482E17127AB2DDB712C9D023D58155A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 39.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="5EDF7A9EA511CB2DA69C667850ACDE81" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cylindrophiidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="75903CC29CEDE8EAEF418AE1726D90F2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis maculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="F5C8267F3817409CE31A0F40A0B3553B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(ZFMK 16549), posteriormost trunk, cloacal, and caudal vertebrae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="9D3C81FD7E05556616A7DF622841836C" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure40" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912930" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 40" startId="F40">
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<paragraph id="9EFA763BF253D221E0AC386A0379B9EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="AA342202E3B877A955F03F05E32D015B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 40.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DDF06EB08200B5EFC9919E98055FCC41" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cylindrophiidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="34764259380776B8161F8A259104E22E" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
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<emphasis id="955FD478B0EA4E56C24C88619974BDCC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NHMUK uncat.), trunk vertebrae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="A832451857FDAE95D8E5923D4977D9D9" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912931" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 41" startId="F41">
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<paragraph id="E0585DF9D228C055B54F534067489DFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="4735704DF8C9287BD62E5B5EE4F71224" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 41.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FBFC64F9C6B8247E4F5DB846E8C6AE3E" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cylindrophiidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4FD760877540FF38B2C1DB2F0D994D88" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
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<emphasis id="8E51F28F749E5D7C67E0DE17BB944705" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NHMUK uncat.), posteriormost trunk and cloacal vertebrae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="25057DA900C8C1CF07AB1E81D06AF972" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912932" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 42" startId="F42">
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<paragraph id="682DECBA7F2F4545581F920E03793A41" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="59A28CCF0F414304B0D76712143E9C06" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 42.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4213872F983416EFD1184D7A5D9E9F13" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cylindrophiidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="19DB2894472A019860F301BF3F2C38E2" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
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<emphasis id="DA760C989ABEF663752F8BAE39A319A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NHMUK uncat.), cloacal and caudal vertebrae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="1460F112F1AC42F4E17AC2139E2EB385" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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It is worth noting that
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<bibRefCitation id="728637EBC3A23A13FA9BDC5FF3786990" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" author="Smith, KT" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="157 - 182" refId="B570" refString="Smith, KT, 2013. New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America. Zoologischer Anzeiger 252: 157 - 182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" title="New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" volume="252" year="2013">Smith (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
mentioned the presence in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A3D0E59B25B520D871931747AA4BBA89" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="83BA8AAD2129E2849A67B1FF8B4C1E2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
of distinct anteriorly directed tubercles ventral to the parapophysis in anterior trunk vertebrae and of distinct subcotylar tubercles in the mid- and posterior (but not posteriormost) trunk vertebrae - we did not observe these in our sample and it seems that these features could be intraspecifically variable.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A7F88A7C65E580F53E638DAF87CD97C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
|
<emphasis id="FF7A2B3662609A9F47051800EFCFEB01" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
|
<emphasis id="22255A68BE34F2CB2DA07856D79D94D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Trunk</emphasis>
|
|
/
|
|
<emphasis id="61298DC2C6485BFF030F8024EC9D6D77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">caudal transition</emphasis>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
. No subcentral structures occur in the posterior trunk, cloacal, and caudal vertebrae except for a moderately developed ridge-like keel in the last cloacal and two succeeding caudal vertebrae in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="16C8A9D4F5C70E6DD1488198C994481F" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="043A591DF2685668BDAB87B6ECC3CE50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="EFCF941C15C493616BA7829369E0C24D" captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Cylindrophiidae: Cylindrophis ruffus (NHMUK uncat.), cloacal and caudal vertebrae." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/912932" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">42</figureCitation>
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|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8545C2A76189B60458CFB78EBD3219C6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" author="Smith, KT" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="157 - 182" refId="B570" refString="Smith, KT, 2013. New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America. Zoologischer Anzeiger 252: 157 - 182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" title="New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" volume="252" year="2013">Smith (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
also observed a similar structure in the same species, which he termed
|
|
<normalizedToken id="50FFEEBBF879BB62CEB28ACF33955FE0" originalValue="“hypapophysis”">"hypapophysis"</normalizedToken>
|
|
- observing a photograph of the S 1 of that uncatalogued MNHN specimen of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8DD2D71FA8D905FDBB96F2D04764EEFB" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="DC5157578771D04CE1F6E80140382B36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
that was kindly shared to us by Krister Smith, we consider that this is a very similar structure to the one we call moderately developed ridge-like keel in our material of this species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="43AB2D5C88404CFEBA1E393157AD1839" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
|
<emphasis id="CC4C4F5C4ACBACE26F6279ED144B5C4B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
|
<emphasis id="92E1B79474188C55A6E029A78ABBDD65" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Number of vertebrae</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A343AB99700704C84568887B9CE59419" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis maculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="BC804054B0737F28E59A1F0E12EAE9CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis maculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(ZFMK 16549): 201 (191+3+7);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C3D784F3CA8092B17DFBB70AC9E42D9C" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="73448C3DA145564698274688882FE360" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(NHMUK uncat.): 228 (212+4+12, including three fused posteriormost vertebrae
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3AF69937AF69962B55353E1DBB2D12C8" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="FBD4BD7A587A3AF21660EF8107977CC2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(UF Herp 143722): 199 (187+4+8, including a final fusion).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8467D0F4DA3AF4E8209708377C9107EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
|
Data from literature and unpublished data from personal communications:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DC8AD32F758C1BCDC89B731CF4D31A1A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis maculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CD03AF5D5C99AC2AEC560B67517D4918" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis maculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 195-209 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus 8-?9 caudal vertebrae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9C4678C9E51D59346A2E3674B881E6AD" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="35DFEDD77283FB21F214F9162F6B9145" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9BBA598DE12142D15E5FF10C86364294" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 208 trunk vertebrae plus 4 cloacal vertebrae plus 8 caudal vertebrae (UMZC R4.12-3; Jason Head, unpublished data, personal communication to GLG);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8D2A5499A8C39790AD97929C89AD7D7D" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8157D344EAE749E6CD694D00DE43C78F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 203 trunk vertebrae plus 20 cloacal and caudal vertebrae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FAA5CC663E118168F05F02044978F29F" author="Polly, PD" editor="Zelditch, ML" journalOrPublisher="Wiley-Liss, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="305 - 335" refId="B465" refString="Polly, PD, Head, JJ, Cohn, MJ, 2001. Testing modularity and dissociation: The evolution of regional proportions in snakes. In: Zelditch, ML, Ed., Beyond Heterochrony: The Evolution of Development. Wiley-Liss, New York: 305 - 335" title="Testing modularity and dissociation: The evolution of regional proportions in snakes." volumeTitle="Beyond Heterochrony: The Evolution of Development." year="2001">Polly et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7B70C079D0EB238BAF1BEB777FA643E2" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="2E17A15006D88DAE2179BFB686BCA6FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 194 trunk vertebrae plus 3 cloacal vertebrae plus unknown number of caudal vertebrae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0CA43C77FB258A3C8C41A6B386C02203" author="Gasc, JP" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A)" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 182" refId="B190" refString="Gasc, JP, 1974. L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (Serie A) 83: 1 - 182" title="L'interpretation fonctionelle de l'appareil musculo-squelettique de l'axe vertebral chez les Serpents (Reptilia)." volume="83" year="1974">Gasc 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
|
);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4F0832696D633EFE7053FCEBC1043DC6" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="5AA09BECC6C588AB0F33B682BF795CB5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 191 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal vertebrae plus 10 caudal vertebrae, including a final fusion (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5FBFDB74F8A6A3CC9E79C2970FD98AA3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" author="Smith, KT" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="157 - 182" refId="B570" refString="Smith, KT, 2013. New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America. Zoologischer Anzeiger 252: 157 - 182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" title="New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" volume="252" year="2013">Smith 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and Krister Smith, unpublished data, personal communication);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2F50E98B45B12C908A7957870BD6CC39" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="EB1FC00AB9A7EAD82AA17D1916BC93E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 188 trunk vertebrae plus 14 cloacal and caudal vertebrae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="75CF08AD749619BB2C42D25F97CD3499" author="Nopcsa, F" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="99 - 154" refId="B402" refString="Nopcsa, F, 1923. Eidolosaurus und Pachyophis. Zwei neue Neocom-Reptilien. Palaeontographica 65: 99 - 154" title="Eidolosaurus und Pachyophis. Zwei neue Neocom-Reptilien." volume="65" year="1923">Nopcsa 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
|
);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BAA1BDBAAD6F05579BFE3FF2EAC87FD8" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A3481D0243F9C040203AAF8820FA93C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 186 trunk and cloacal vertebrae plus 7 caudal vertebrae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8134C3EC1C6A6B1F9916AA562E5507B1" author="Alexander, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="171 - 190" refId="B10" refString="Alexander, AA, Gans, C, 1966. The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians. Zoologische Mededelingen 31: 171 - 190" title="The pattern of dermal-vertebral correlation in snakes and amphisbaenians." volume="31" year="1966">Alexander and Gans 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CDCCE218BA3B09A0E9AD4883ED87078C" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B84A4DF2C44BF3E5656B3795955DCDD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 184-187 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="61CABC08C3EFFFF1916660E2998F2785" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08865-4_14" author="Polly, PD" editor="Elewa, AMT" journalOrPublisher="Springer" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="197 - 221" refId="B464" refString="Polly, PD, Head, JJ, 2004. Maximum-likelihood identification of fossils: Taxonomic identification of Quaternary marmots (Rodentia, Mammalia) and identification of vertebral position in the pipesnake Cylindrophis (Serpentes, Reptilia). In: Elewa, AMT, Ed., Morphometrics - Applications in Biology and Paleontology. Springer: 197 - 221, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08865-4_14" title="Maximum-likelihood identification of fossils: Taxonomic identification of Quaternary marmots (Rodentia, Mammalia) and identification of vertebral position in the pipesnake Cylindrophis (Serpentes, Reptilia)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08865-4_14" volumeTitle="Morphometrics - Applications in Biology and Paleontology." year="2004">Polly and Head 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="01EEE335EB0B72F97CB52B19F11BD086" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D20B8CA7FB892677073A19225BECBC84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 180-183 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="04F940CF7A09454E5DEB26633603DAD8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20037" author="Tsuihiji, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="992 - 1009" refId="B633" refString="Tsuihiji, T, Kearney, M, Rieppel, O, 2012. Finding the neck-trunk boundary in snakes: Anteroposterior dissociation of myological characteristics in snakes and its implications for their neck and trunk body regionalization. Journal of Morphology 73: 992 - 1009, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20037" title="Finding the neck-trunk boundary in snakes: Anteroposterior dissociation of myological characteristics in snakes and its implications for their neck and trunk body regionalization." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20037" volume="73" year="2012">Tsuihiji et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
);
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EEE63EEFADF9641C2DEFC8E46468D4CE" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="4BA1BAED1DCE725225381E212D4896CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 163 trunk vertebrae plus 9 cloacal vertebrae (apparently erroneous) plus 15 caudal vertebrae (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2203EA0F312CC70CE6A5DFD5DDE9514C" author="Rochebrune, AT de" journalOrPublisher="Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="185 - 229" refId="B510" refString="Rochebrune, AT de, 1881. Memoire sur les vertebres des Ophidiens. Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie normales et pathologiques de l'Homme et des Animaux 17: 185 - 229" title="Memoire sur les vertebres des Ophidiens." volume="17" year="1881">Rochebrune 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0A5FD557E9E056676226ACB9B13CC48C" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
|
|
It should be noted that recently
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DADA0E4D3EFD61B962BF6ED66B8BFDE9" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6FE9926212DAFBA4F21778242A47C1E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been recognized as a species complex, with several new cryptic species established (e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="11DB00E1A69489F516E074AD5E89C93D" author="Amarasinghe, AAT" journalOrPublisher="Amphibian & Reptile Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="34 - 51" refId="B15" refString="Amarasinghe, AAT, Campbell, PD, Hallermann, J, Sidik, I, Supriatna, J, Ineich, I, 2015. Two new species of the genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Southeast Asia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 9: 34 - 51" title="Two new species of the genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Southeast Asia." volume="9" year="2015">Amarasinghe et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9F00A07E622EDEBF65C0320B77E1B53E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4093.1.1" author="Kieckbusch, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B317" refString="Kieckbusch, M, Mecke, S, Hartmann, L, Ehrmantraut, L, O'Shea, M, Kaiser, H, 2016. An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768). Zootaxa 4093: 1 - 25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4093.1.1" title="An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4093.1.1" volume="4093" year="2016">Kieckbusch et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
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<bibRefCitation id="FCDEB8C1C818D96DDF53480144C152C3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.2" author="Kieckbusch, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="236 - 250" refId="B316" refString="Kieckbusch, M, Mader, F, Kaiser, H, Mecke, S, 2018. A new species of Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Boano Island, northern Maluku Province, Indonesia. Zootaxa 4486: 236 - 250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.2" title="A new species of Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Boano Island, northern Maluku Province, Indonesia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.2" volume="4486" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="0908D498793F6A5E80D7CD5785502A0B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4851.3.5" author="Bernstein, JM" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="535 - 558" refId="B50" refString="Bernstein, JM, Bauer, AM, McGuire, JA, Arida, E, Kaiser, H, Kieckbusch, M, Mecke, S, 2020. Molecular phylogeny of Asian pipesnakes, genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), with the description of a new species from Myanmar. Zootaxa 4851: 535 - 558, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4851.3.5" title="Molecular phylogeny of Asian pipesnakes, genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), with the description of a new species from Myanmar." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4851.3.5" volume="4851" year="2020">Bernstein et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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); therefore, it is not certain whether all these dry skeletons (in particular specimens that were collected during the 18th, 19th, and/or early 20th centuries) that were studied by us or were mentioned in older literature, belong indeed to
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<taxonomicName id="12D0CB01EEBEEB4C5F7C2B2CBBA89008" baseAuthorityName="Laurenti" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Reptilia" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Cylindrophis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cylindrophis ruffus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
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<emphasis id="F8126EED74D32C9BFF3E3CF432AA2F59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or some other species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |