258 lines
20 KiB
XML
258 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4e9bc3ce-4b88-4c17-acfd-14482cf3424b" ID-PMC="PMC3494022" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-230-1" ID-PubMed="23166476" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-230-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 230" ModsDocTitle="Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)" checkinTime="1451248664083" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bertani, Rogerio" docDate="2012" docId="E24C688AE38837697417DD06CAF2568F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 230: 1-94" docOrigin="ZooKeys 230" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500" docTitle="Iridopelma vanini Bertani, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="4371FFCC3243DD68FFCE0A77FFB8FF9E" masterDocTitle="Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1668154580721" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bertani, Rogerio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>230</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>94</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.230.3500</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-230-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037377" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8302CBCC-2045-4E2B-943E-2FE15BFB7F5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E24C688AE38837697417DD06CAF2568F" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8302CBCC-2045-4E2B-943E-2FE15BFB7F5E" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma vanini" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vanini">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">Iridopelma</pageBreakToken>
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vanini
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="40" pageNumber="41">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 127
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–133150–">-133150-</normalizedToken>
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152169
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Males resemble those of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma zorodes" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zorodes">Iridopelma zorodes</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma katiae" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katiae">Iridopelma katiae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by leg I and IV having similar length (leg IV/I length = 0.98, SD = 0.02). It differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma zorodes" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zorodes">Iridopelma zorodes</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma katiae" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katiae">Iridopelma katiae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by longer embolus (Figs 127-129). Additionally, it differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma katiae" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katiae">Iridopelma katiae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by a general brown pattern. Female resembles those of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Iridopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridopelma marcoi" order="Araneae" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcoi">Iridopelma marcoi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by longer spermathecae folded twice (Fig. 132), and differs by having type II urticating setae on abdomen dorsum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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The specific name is a patronym in honour of Professor
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sérgio">Sergio</normalizedToken>
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Antonio Vanin, a Brazilian entomologist. As advisor of some arachnologists, myself included, he contributed to the development of modern Brazilian arachnology.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="types">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Types.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Holotype female (IBSP Ref. 74.595), Brazil, state of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Piauí">Piaui</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Parnaíba">Parnaiba</normalizedToken>
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[
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.8833332">2°53'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-41.683334">41°41'W</geoCoordinate>
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], 5 m a.s.l., R. Bertani, November 1994; Paratype male (IBSP 11328), Brazil, state of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
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, Barreirinhas, Parque Nacional dos
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lençóis">Lencois</normalizedToken>
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Maranhenses [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.6833334">2°41'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-42.916668">42°55'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 32 m a.s.l., Equipe Biota, 12-18 October 2001.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="additional material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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BRAZIL:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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: Rio Tocantins, margem direita,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiqueirão">Chiqueirao</normalizedToken>
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[
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.3333335">4°20'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-49.416668">49°25'W</geoCoordinate>
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], B. M. Mascarenhas, 1 April 1984 (MPEG-ARA 005080);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
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: Barreirinhas, Parque Nacional dos
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lençóis">Lencois</normalizedToken>
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Maranhenses [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.6833334">2°41'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-42.916668">42°55'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 32 m a.s.l., Equipe Biota, 12-18 October 2001, 1 male (IBSP 11346), 1 female (IBSP 11343), 1 female (IBSP 11330), 1 female, 1 immature (IBSP 11345), 1 female, 2 immatures (IBSP 11342);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Piauí">Piaui</normalizedToken>
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: Castelo do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Piauí">Piaui</normalizedToken>
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, E. C. B. Rochas Ornamentais (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.2307777">5°13'50.8"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-41.700306">41°42'01.1"W</geoCoordinate>
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), F. M. Oliveira-Neto, 27 October 2005, 1 male (MPEG-ARA 002297);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
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de Freitas, Nazareth Eco Resort [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.7666664">4°46'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-42.566666">42°34'W</geoCoordinate>
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], S. Brasil, 3 males (IBSP 11349); Tocantins: Colinas de Tocantins [
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.05">8°03'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-48.466667">48°28'W</geoCoordinate>
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], W. R. Soares, 10 December 1968, 1 female (IBSP 3918).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Holotype female (IBSP Ref. 74.595). Carapace 21.3 long, 20.0 wide, chelicerae 11.0. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 17.4, 9.8, 13.1, 11.9, 6.5, 58.7. II: 15.9, 9.1, 11.9, 11.2, 5.9, 54.0. III: 14.0, 8.5, 10.6, 10.7, 5.8, 49.6. IV: 16.5, 9.1, 13.5, 13.9, 5.9, 58.9. Palp: 12.0, 7.0, 8.0, -, 8.1, 35.1. Mid-widths (lateral): femora
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 4.2, 4.2, 4.5, 4.2, palp = 3.3; patellae
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 4.0, 4.3, 3.9, 3.8, palp = 3.4; tibiae
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 3.5, 3.3, 3.1, 3.5, palp=3.0; metatarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.6, 2.7, 2.4, 2.4; tarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.9, 2.9, 2.9, 2.9, palp = 3.0. Abdomen 22.1 long, 16.9 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 2.2 long, 1.3 wide, 0.5 apart; PLS, 3.7 basal, 2.5 middle, 3.8 distal; mid-widths (lateral), 2.1, 1.9, 1.4, respectively. Carapace: length to width 1.06. Fovea: deep, 4.4 wide. Eyes: tubercle 1.0 high, 2.5 long, 3.5 wide. Clypeus 1.4. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.6, ALE 0.7, PME 0.4, PLE 0.7,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
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1.0,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
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0.5,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.4,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
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2.4,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.9,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
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2.1,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.2,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
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2.7,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.5,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.7. Ratio of eye group width to length 2.1. Maxillae: length to width: 2.2. Cuspules: 100-150 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 2.5 long, 3.0 wide, with ca. 100 cuspules spaced
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<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">by</pageBreakToken>
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one diameter from each other on the anterior third. Labio-sternal groove deep, narrow, sigilla not evident. Chelicerae: basal segments with ten teeth decreasing in size from distal to basal portion. Sternum: 9.9 long, 7.5 wide. Legs: leg formula: I=IV II III. Scopula: tarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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fully scopulate. Metatarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
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4/5 scopulate; III 2/3, IV 1/3 distal scopulate. IV divided by five wide row of setae. Urticating hairs type II (0.65 to 0.70 long, 0.02 wide) on abdomen dorsum. Genitalia: paired long and converging spermathecae tapering strongly from base to apex, double folded and with strong constriction forming two (more rarely one or three) distal lobes (Fig. 132). Color pattern: carapace, chelicerae and dorsum of legs and palps covered with short setae having green/blue iridescence and with abundant longer light brown setae giving a brownish appearance. Tarsi dorsally with a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“U”">"U"</normalizedToken>
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orange stripe. Femora ventrally of the same color as the
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<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="start">dorsum</pageBreakToken>
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; patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi ventrally blackish. Coxae, labium, sternum and maxillae black. Longitudinal stripes on dorsum of femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi whitish, conspicuous. Distal femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi with white rings. Abdomen dorsum and lateral light-brown with long setae of same color. Central dorsal area blackish, forming a pattern, with long setae having basal part blackish, distal light brown. Urticating hairs reddish. Abdomen ventrally black (Fig. 133).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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Paratype male (IBSP 11328). Carapace 17.7 long, 17.4 wide, chelicerae 9.6. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 17.5, 9.1, 13.9, 13.6, 7.3, 61.4. II: 16.4, 8.3, 13.0, 12.7, 6.5, 56.9. III: 14.0, 7.0, 11.0, 11.6, 5.8, 49.4. IV: 16.7, 7.7, 14.4, 14.9, 6.3, 60.0. Palp: 9.9, 5.8, 7.7, -, 3.6, 27.0. Mid-widths (lateral): femora
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 3.7, 3.6, 3.7, 3.4, palp = 2.5; patellae
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 3.6, 3.5, 3.5, 3.3, palp = 2.6; tibiae
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 3.0, 2.9, 2.9, 2.7, palp = 2.4; metatarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.2, 2.1, 1.9, 1.8; tarsi
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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= 2.4, 2.5, 2.1, 2.3, palp = 2.4. Abdomen 19.3 long, 13.1 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.7 long, 0.8 wide, 0.3 apart; PLS, 2.9 basal, 2.3 middle, 2.9 distal; mid-widths (lateral), 1.3, 1.1, 0.8, respectively. Carapace: length to width 1.01. Fovea 2.1 wide. Eyes: tubercle 0.9 high, 1.9 long, 3.0 wide. Clypeus 1.0. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.6, ALE 0.7, PME 0.5, PLE 0.7,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
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0.7,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
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0.5,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.3,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
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1.9,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
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0.6,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
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1.8,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.3,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
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2.3,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.2,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
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0.6. Ratio of eye group width to length 2.0. Other characters as in female, except: maxillae: length to width: 2.3. Cuspules: 150-200 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 2.3 long, 2.9 wide, with 150-200 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on the anterior third center. Labio-sternal groove shallow, flat, sigilla not evident. Sternum: 8.2 long, 6.8 wide. Legs: leg formula: I=IV II III. Tibial spurs. Legs: I, single, 0.8 long, 2.2 wide (Fig. 130); II, single, 0.5 long, 2.1 wide (Fig. 131); both with numerous spiniform setae on their tips. Urticating hairs type II (1.13 long, 0.02 wide) on the abdomen dorsum. Palp: embolus 4.9 long, with a 135° curvature to the retrolateral side. Embolus basal, middle and distal width of 0.9, 0.3 and 0.04, respectively. Tegulum 1.5 long, 2.3 wide. (Figs 127-129). Cymbium: spiniform process 1.0 long, 0.7 wide on apex. Color pattern and setation mostly as in female. Dorsal abdominal pattern not as conspicuous as in female.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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Brazil, states of Piaui,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
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and possibly Tocantins and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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(Fig. 169). There is a single record for both Tocantins (Colinas de Tocantins) and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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(Tocantins River). These specimens are smaller than those from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Piauí">Piaui</normalizedToken>
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, and the specimen from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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has both male palpal bulb emboli broken, therefore its identification is only tentative.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="spermathecae variation">
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Spermathecae variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Typical spermatheca is long, converging, tapers strongly from base to apex, double folded and with a strong constriction forming two distal lobes (Figs 132, 151). In some specimens the apical region ends in a single lobe, that can be partially divided (Fig. 150) or in two lobes with one partially or completely divided, in this case resulting in multilobular spermathecae (Fig. 152).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Little is known of this species. The holotype female was collected with an eggsac in November, under a fallen tree trunk in a moderately anthropized area in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Parnaíba">Parnaiba</normalizedToken>
|
||
, state of Piaui. Other specimens were collected in Barreirinhas, State
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="44" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Both localities are on coastal region characterized by huge sandy dunes and sparse vegetation. Other localities, as Jose de Freitas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, LS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" title="Composicao e diversidade da fauna de aranhas (Arachnida, Araneae) da Fazenda Nazareth, Municipio de Jose de Freitas, Piaui, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 10 (3). http: // www. biotaneotropica. org. br / v 10 n 3 / en / abstract? article + bn 00510032010 [accessed 07 June 2012]" url="10.1590/S1676-06032010000300001" year="2010">Carvalho and Avelino 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Castelo do Piaui, both in state of Piaui, as well as Colinas do Tocantins, state of Tocantins, are chiefly covered by cerrado, a savannah-like vegetation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="color pattern ontogeny">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Color pattern ontogeny.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">No data available.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |