164 lines
12 KiB
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164 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365" ID-GBIF-Dataset="447d0c45-35c7-4aaa-b3b3-acbf7069da06" ID-PMC="PMC7082394" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-142-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7B3A5CC9B82952B6B3E20C46E12DB4F1" ID-PubMed="32210671" ModsDocID="1314-2003-142-1" checkinTime="1584104974826" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Klopper, Ronell R., Crouch, Neil R., Smith, Gideon F. & van Wyk, Abraham E." docDate="2020" docId="DC4DA69D97ED505DB1961B7162F0E16C" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 142: 1-88" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 142" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365" docTitle="Aloe cooperi Baker 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="7B3A5CC9B82952B6B3E20C46E12DB4F1" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7B3A5CC9B82952B6B3E20C46E12DB4F1" masterDocTitle="A synoptic review of the aloes (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae) of KwaZulu-Natal, an ecologically diverse province in eastern South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139702755" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A synoptic review of the aloes (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae) of KwaZulu-Natal, an ecologically diverse province in eastern South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Klopper, Ronell R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crouch, Neil R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Gideon F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>van Wyk, Abraham E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>142</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-142-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7B3A5CC9B82952B6B3E20C46E12DB4F1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162486999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC4DA69D97ED505DB1961B7162F0E16C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC4DA69D97ED505DB1961B7162F0E16C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="DC4DA69D-97ED-505D-B196-1B7162F0E16C" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe cooperi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cooperi">Aloe cooperi Baker</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cooper’s">Cooper's</normalizedToken>
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aloe (English); cooperse-aalwyn (Afrikaans); isipukutwane, isiputumane, inqimindolo (Zulu).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Grass aloe. Acaulescent plants or
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stem</emphasis>
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short, up to 0.15 m, erect, usually simple; rosettes solitary or sometimes with offshoots at ground level to form small groups; dried leaves not persistent.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
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distichous, sometimes spirally twisted to rosulate in old plants, erect, deciduous, green, usually without spots on upper surface, with copious white spots at base on lower surface, obscurely lineate, narrowly long-deltoid, distinctly keeled, V-shaped in cross section, 40-80 cm long, 2.5-6.0 cm wide at base; margin with firm, white teeth, 1-2 mm long, 1-2 mm apart at mid-leaf; exudate clear.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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0.4-1.0 m high, erect, simple.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Raceme</emphasis>
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broadly conical, 10-20 cm long, dense.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Floral bracts</emphasis>
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20-35 mm long, 10 mm wide.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pedicels</emphasis>
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30-60 mm long.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">perianth</emphasis>
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salmon-pink near base, green tipped, 25-40 mm long,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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12 mm across ovary, narrowing towards mouth, roundly trigonous, basally stipitate and narrowing into pedicel; outer segments free almost to base;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stamens</emphasis>
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not exserted or exserted 1-2 mm;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">style</emphasis>
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exserted to 5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="flowering time">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering time.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">December-February.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Regularly occurs in marshy places. Grows also in well-drained habitats, often amongst rocks on grassy hillsides.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnostic characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe cooperi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cooperi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe cooperi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from other grass aloes in KwaZulu-Natal with strongly keeled leaves (
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe myriacantha" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myriacantha">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe myriacantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe sharoniae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sharoniae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe sharoniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) by the inflorescence (0.4-1.0 m high) that can sometimes be shorter than the distichous leaves (40-80 cm long). Leaves have copious white spots near the base on the lower surface and a toothed margin. Flowers are salmon-pink near the base, green tipped and 25-40 mm long, with the mouth not bilabiate or upturned. Floral bracts are flat and not clasping the pedicel (as in
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe sharoniae" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sharoniae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe sharoniae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Least Concern, but declining. Threats include habitat transformation owing to commercial silvicultural and agricultural practices, as well as overgrazing and alien invasives (
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<bibRefCitation author="Raimondo, D" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B37" refString="Raimondo, D, Von Staden, L, Foden, W, Victor, JE, Helme, NA, Turner, RC, Kamundi, DA, Manyama, PA, 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria." title="Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria." year="2009">Raimondo et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Occurs mainly in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga, just entering the eastern Free State, the southeast of Limpopo and the northern part of the Eastern Cape in South Africa, also widespread in Eswatini and just entering Lesotho and Mozambique (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Aloe cooperi. Photo: N. R. Crouch." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388237" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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In recent years,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe cooperi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cooperi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe cooperi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has become very popular in South Africa in large-scale landscaping, for example of industrial sites. Unlike several other grass and slender aloes, that do not thrive beyond their natural geographical distribution ranges, most forms of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe cooperi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cooperi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe cooperi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are relatively easy in cultivation.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.142.48365.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/388237" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1874" class="Liliopsida" family="Asphodelaceae" genus="Aloe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aloe cooperi" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cooperi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aloe cooperi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Photo: N.R. Crouch.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |